656:
959:
217:. The other 50% of IDL lose apoE; when their cholesterol content becomes greater than the content of triglyceride, they become LDL, with apoB-100 as the primary apolipoprotein. The LDL is taken into a cell via the LDL receptor via endocytosis, where the contents are either stored, used for cell membrane structure, or converted into other products such as steroid hormones or bile acids.
198:(LPL) in the capillary beds in the body (adipose, cardiac, and skeletal muscle). LPL will remove triglycerides from VLDL for storage or energy production. VLDL now meets back up with HDL where apoC-II is transferred back to HDL (but keeps apoE). HDL also transfers cholesteryl esters to the VLDL in exchange for phospholipids and triglycerides via
350:
Dashty M, Motazacker MM, Levels J, de Vries M, Mahmoudi M, Peppelenbosch MP, Rezaee F (2014). "Proteome of human plasma very-low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein exhibits a link with coagulation and lipid metabolism".
125:
flotation units), where VLDL1 particles are larger and contain more triglycerides, while other researchers create a tripartite system by subdividing VLDL1 into larger VLDL1 and smaller VLDL2 and relabeling VLDL2 as VLDL3.
120:
Very-low-density lipoprotein size is variable, with diameters ranging from approximately 35 to 70 nm. Some researchers further classify VLDL particles into VLDL1 and VLDL2 based on size (as measured by
510:
Shelness GS, Sellers JA (2000). "From cholesterol transport to signal transduction: low density lipoprotein receptor, very-low density lipoprotein receptor, and apolipoprotein E receptor-2".
432:
Queiroz KC, Tio RA, Zeebregts CJ, Bijlsma MF, Zijlstra F, Badlou B, de Vries M, Ferreira CV, Spek CA, Peppelenbosch MP, Rezaee F (2010). "Human plasma very-low density lipoprotein carries".
150:. They function as the body's internal transport mechanism for lipids. In addition they can assist in long-range transport of hydrophobic intercellular messengers, like the morphogen
878:
858:
562:
906:
655:
768:
801:
112:(dietary) products. In the early 2010s both the lipid composition and protein composition of this lipoprotein were characterised in great detail.
833:
555:
796:
199:
916:
619:
93:
57:
548:
806:
788:
949:
250:
Gibbons GF, Wiggins D, Brown AM, Hebbachi AM (2004). "Synthesis and function of hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein".
206:
and CETP enzymes, the composition of the molecule changes, and it becomes intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL).
640:
191:
65:
194:(HDL). At this point, nascent VLDL becomes a mature VLDL. Once in circulation, VLDL will come in contact with
624:
226:
89:
979:
816:
306:
645:
187:
163:
31:
778:
492:
376:
275:
203:
195:
147:
720:
715:
710:
705:
675:
615:
527:
484:
449:
414:
368:
332:
267:
179:
167:
747:
737:
732:
727:
697:
519:
476:
441:
406:
397:
Packard CJ, Shepherd J (1997). "Lipoprotein
Heterogeneity and Apolipoprotein B Metabolism".
360:
322:
314:
259:
210:
171:
893:
868:
742:
540:
202:(CETP). As more and more triglycerides are removed from the VLDL because of the action of
310:
963:
773:
664:
635:
467:
Shelness GS, Sellers JA (2001). "Very-low-density lipoprotein assembly and secretion".
327:
294:
85:
523:
72:
to move within the water-based solution of the bloodstream. VLDL is assembled in the
973:
480:
231:
183:
151:
139:
135:
77:
496:
380:
279:
209:
Fifty percent of IDLs are recognized by receptors in the liver cells because of the
901:
596:
105:
53:
611:
600:
584:
575:
214:
175:
143:
81:
69:
45:
958:
410:
97:
109:
531:
488:
453:
372:
336:
271:
418:
293:
Dashti M, Kulik W, Hoek F, Veerman EC, Peppelenbosch MP, Rezaee F (2011).
364:
122:
101:
263:
445:
318:
295:"A phospholipidomic analysis of all defined human plasma lipoproteins"
825:
760:
17:
936:
931:
926:
888:
883:
843:
690:
685:
680:
571:
73:
49:
873:
863:
853:
848:
838:
544:
61:
30:"VLDL" redirects here. For the New Zealand comedy group, see
44:), density relative to extracellular water, is a type of
392:
390:
52:. VLDL is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins (
947:
915:
815:
787:
758:
663:
583:
134:Very-low-density lipoproteins transport endogenous
399:Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
96:(IDL). VLDL particles have a diameter of 30–80
162:Nascent VLDL released from the liver contains
556:
8:
190:(apoC-II) and additional apoE donated from
88:. VLDL is converted in the bloodstream to
27:One of the five major groups of lipoprotein
563:
549:
541:
326:
213:(apoB-100) and apoE they contain and are
186:. As it circulates in blood, it picks up
954:
242:
7:
25:
200:cholesterylester transfer protein
957:
654:
481:10.1097/00041433-200104000-00008
94:intermediate-density lipoprotein
58:intermediate-density lipoprotein
1:
524:10.1016/S1388-1981(00)00155-4
38:Very-low-density lipoprotein
996:
158:Changes during circulation
29:
652:
411:10.1161/01.atv.17.12.3542
152:Indian hedgehog (protein)
192:high-density lipoprotein
66:high-density lipoprotein
789:Lipid transfer proteins
227:Combined hyperlipidemia
90:low-density lipoprotein
68:) that enable fats and
62:low-density lipoprotein
817:Cell surface receptors
100:(nm). VLDL transports
919:cassette transporter
512:Biochim Biophys Acta
365:10.1160/TH13-02-0178
238:Notes and references
211:apolipoprotein B-100
646:Remnant cholesterol
578:particle metabolism
311:2011NatSR...1E.139D
188:apolipoprotein C-II
164:apolipoprotein B100
116:Physical properties
32:Viva La Dirt League
264:10.1042/bst0320059
196:lipoprotein lipase
180:cholesteryl esters
148:cholesteryl esters
104:products, whereas
945:
944:
469:Curr Opin Lipidol
446:10.1021/pr100403q
440:(11): 6052–6059.
405:(12): 3542–3556.
319:10.1038/srep00139
252:Biochem Soc Trans
168:apolipoprotein C1
16:(Redirected from
987:
962:
961:
953:
658:
587:particle classes
565:
558:
551:
542:
536:
535:
518:(1–3): 287–298.
507:
501:
500:
464:
458:
457:
429:
423:
422:
394:
385:
384:
347:
341:
340:
330:
290:
284:
283:
247:
172:apolipoprotein E
21:
995:
994:
990:
989:
988:
986:
985:
984:
970:
969:
968:
956:
948:
946:
941:
918:
911:
811:
783:
754:
665:Apolipoproteins
659:
650:
588:
579:
569:
539:
509:
508:
504:
466:
465:
461:
431:
430:
426:
396:
395:
388:
353:Thromb. Haemost
349:
348:
344:
292:
291:
287:
258:(Pt 1): 59–64.
249:
248:
244:
240:
223:
160:
132:
118:
86:apolipoproteins
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
993:
991:
983:
982:
972:
971:
967:
966:
943:
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940:
939:
934:
929:
923:
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913:
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904:
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897:
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886:
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866:
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856:
851:
846:
841:
829:
828:
821:
819:
813:
812:
810:
809:
804:
799:
793:
791:
785:
784:
782:
781:
776:
771:
765:
763:
759:Extracellular
756:
755:
753:
752:
751:
750:
740:
735:
730:
725:
724:
723:
718:
713:
708:
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695:
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683:
678:
669:
667:
661:
660:
653:
651:
649:
648:
643:
638:
633:
630:
627:
622:
608:
603:
592:
590:
589:and subclasses
581:
580:
570:
568:
567:
560:
553:
545:
538:
537:
502:
475:(2): 151–157.
459:
434:J Proteome Res
424:
386:
359:(3): 518–530.
342:
285:
241:
239:
236:
235:
234:
229:
222:
219:
159:
156:
131:
128:
117:
114:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
992:
981:
978:
977:
975:
965:
960:
955:
951:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
924:
922:
920:
914:
908:
905:
903:
899:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
835:
831:
830:
827:
823:
822:
820:
818:
814:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
794:
792:
790:
786:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
766:
764:
762:
757:
749:
746:
745:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
722:
719:
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714:
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707:
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703:
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692:
689:
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682:
679:
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671:
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657:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
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613:
609:
607:
604:
602:
598:
594:
593:
591:
586:
582:
577:
573:
566:
561:
559:
554:
552:
547:
546:
543:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
506:
503:
498:
494:
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486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
463:
460:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
428:
425:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
393:
391:
387:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
346:
343:
338:
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329:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
289:
286:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
246:
243:
237:
233:
232:Lipid profile
230:
228:
225:
224:
220:
218:
216:
212:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
184:triglycerides
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
157:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
140:phospholipids
137:
136:triglycerides
129:
127:
124:
115:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
78:triglycerides
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
33:
19:
980:Lipoproteins
917:ATP-binding
610:delivery of
605:
595:delivery of
515:
511:
505:
472:
468:
462:
437:
433:
427:
402:
398:
356:
352:
345:
305:(139): 139.
302:
298:
288:
255:
251:
245:
208:
161:
133:
119:
106:chylomicrons
54:chylomicrons
48:made by the
41:
37:
36:
601:Chylomicron
585:Lipoprotein
576:lipoprotein
215:endocytosed
176:cholesterol
144:cholesterol
82:cholesterol
70:cholesterol
46:lipoprotein
108:transport
102:endogenous
98:nanometers
92:(LDL) and
170:(apoC1),
110:exogenous
974:Category
532:11111096
497:29392288
489:11264986
454:20839884
381:20566238
373:24500811
337:22355656
299:Sci. Rep
280:31486300
272:14748713
221:See also
174:(apoE),
130:Function
123:Svedberg
56:, VLDL,
964:Biology
761:enzymes
419:9437204
328:3216620
307:Bibcode
950:Portal
907:LRPAP1
826:SCARB1
632:sd LDL
629:lb LDL
572:Lipids
530:
495:
487:
452:
417:
379:
371:
335:
325:
278:
270:
182:, and
146:, and
84:, and
937:ABCG8
932:ABCG5
927:ABCA1
900:LDL:
894:LRP12
889:LRP11
884:LRP10
869:LRP5L
844:LRP1B
832:IDL:
824:HDL:
702:APOC
672:APOA
636:Lp(a)
493:S2CID
377:S2CID
276:S2CID
76:from
74:liver
50:liver
902:LDLR
879:LRP8
874:LRP6
864:LRP5
859:LRP4
854:LRP3
849:LRP2
839:LRP1
807:PLTP
802:MTTP
797:CETP
774:LIPC
769:LCAT
748:SAA1
738:APOH
733:APOE
728:APOD
698:APOB
614:and
606:VLDL
528:PMID
516:1529
485:PMID
450:PMID
415:PMID
369:PMID
333:PMID
268:PMID
42:VLDL
18:VLDL
834:LRP
779:LPL
743:SAA
641:HDL
625:LDL
620:IDL
597:TGs
520:doi
477:doi
442:doi
407:doi
361:doi
357:111
323:PMC
315:doi
260:doi
204:LPL
976::
618::
616:CE
599::
574::
526:.
514:.
491:.
483:.
473:12
471:.
448:.
436:.
413:.
403:17
401:.
389:^
375:.
367:.
355:.
331:.
321:.
313:.
301:.
297:.
274:.
266:.
256:32
254:.
178:,
166:,
154:.
142:,
138:,
80:,
64:,
60:,
952::
721:4
716:3
711:2
706:1
691:5
686:4
681:2
676:1
612:C
564:e
557:t
550:v
534:.
522::
499:.
479::
456:.
444::
438:9
421:.
409::
383:.
363::
339:.
317::
309::
303:1
282:.
262::
40:(
34:.
20:)
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