343:. Next a vacuum is applied, perhaps to attain a vacuum of 1 mm Hg (for illustrative purposes). The flask is sealed from the vacuum source, and the frozen solvent is allowed to thaw. Often, bubbles appears upon melting. The process is typically repeated a total of three cycles. The degree of degassing is expressed by the equation (1/760) for the case of initial pressure being 760 mm Hg, the vacuum being 1 mm Hg, and the total number of cycles being three.
36:
221:. This method has the advantage of being able to prevent redissolution of the gas, so it is used to produce very pure solvents. New applications are in inkjet systems where gas in the ink forms bubbles that degrade print quality, a degassing unit is placed prior to the print head to remove gas and prevent the buildup of bubbles keeping good jetting and print quality.
236:
Ultrasonic liquid processors are a commonly used method for removing dissolved gasses and/or entrained gas bubbles from various of liquids. The advantage of this method is that that ultrasonic degassing can be done in a continuous-flow mode, which makes it suitable for commercial-scale production.
205:
Ultrasonication and stirring during thermal regulation are also effective. This method needs no special apparatus and is easy to conduct. In some cases, however, the solvent and the solute decompose, react with each other, or evaporate at high temperature, and the rate of removal is less
204:
Generally speaking, an aqueous solvent dissolves less gas at higher temperature, and vice versa for organic solvents (provided the solute and solvent do not react). Consequently, heating an aqueous solution can expel dissolved gas, whereas cooling an organic solution has the same effect.
407:
Under vacuum, an equilibrium between the content of moisture and air (solved gases) in the liquid and gaseous phase is achieved. The equilibrium depends on the temperature and the residual pressure. The lower that pressure, the faster and more efficiently are water and gas removed.
217:
Gas-liquid separation membranes allow gas but not liquid to pass through. Flowing a solution inside a gas-liquid separation membrane and evacuating outside makes the dissolved gas go out through the
158:), or when bubble formation at solid-liquid interfaces becomes a problem. The formation of gas bubbles when a liquid is frozen can also be undesirable, necessitating degassing beforehand.
279:, the solution is stirred vigorously and bubbled for a long time. Because helium is not very soluble in most liquids, it is particularly useful to reduce the risk of bubbles in
327:. The latter method is particularly useful because a high concentration of ketyl radical generates a deep blue colour, indicating the solvent is fully degassed.
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can also be used for removing both oxygen and water from inert solvents such as hydrocarbons and ethers; the degassed solvent can be separated by
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Bubbling a solution with a high-purity (typically inert) gas can pull out undesired (typically reactive) dissolved gases such as
602:"Shallow-ocean methane leakage and degassing to the atmosphere: triggered by offshore oil-gas and methane hydrate explorations"
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barrels for months and sometimes years allows gases to be released from the wine and escape into the air through air-locks.
100:
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Duward F. Shriver and M. A. Drezdzon "The
Manipulation of Air-Sensitive Compounds" 1986, J. Wiley and Sons: New York.
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and stirring under reduced pressure can usually enhance the efficiency. This technique is often referred to as
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147:, especially water or aqueous solutions. There are numerous methods for removing gases from liquids.
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358:, carbon dioxide is an undesired by-product for most wines. If the wine is bottled quickly after
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D.J. Hucknall (1991). Vacuum
Technology and Applications. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd.
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Giancarlo
Ciotoli; Monia Procesi; Giuseppe Etiope; Umberto Fracassi; Guido Ventura (2020).
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can also contribute to methane release from the ocean floor. In both cases, the volume of
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processing, which removes air and water solved in the oil. This can be achieved by:
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Unintended degassing can happen for various reasons, such as accidental release of
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ions. Although this method can be applied only to oxygen and involves the risk of
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when the compounds they are working on are possibly air- or oxygen-sensitive (
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distributing the oil into a thin layer over special surfaces (spiral rings,
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In this laboratory-scale technique, the fluid to be degassed is placed in a
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of the solute, the dissolved oxygen is almost totally eliminated. The ketyl
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is frequently used as a reductant because it reacts with oxygen to form
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Gases are removed for various reasons. Chemists remove gases from
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is sometimes effective. For example, especially in the field of
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dissolved gases. Below are methods for more selective removal.
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their wines prior to bottling. Storing the wines in steel or
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For separation of gaseous hydrocarbons from crude oil, see
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https://www.sonomechanics.com/liquid-degassing-deaeration/
190:, are used to degas materials through pressure reduction.
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The most efficient method of industrial oil degassing is
362:, it is important to degas the wine before bottling.
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uses sugar to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide. In
275:are commonly used. To maximize this process called
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
365:Wineries can skip the degassing process if they
446:released can be a significant contributor to
433:underwater exploration by the energy industry
291:If oxygen should be removed, the addition of
186:. Specialized vacuum chambers, called vacuum
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477:(includes geological and volcanic emissions)
224:The above three methods are used to remove
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396:spraying of oil in large vacuum chambers;
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
546:"Freeze-Pump-Thaw Degassing of Liquids"
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27:Removal of dissolved gases from liquids
281:high-performance liquid chromatography
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532:"Degassing electrorheological fluid"
58:adding citations to reliable sources
600:Zhang Yong; Zhai Wei-Dong (2015).
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339:and flash-frozen, usually with
45:needs additional citations for
431:during human activity such as
139:, is the removal of dissolved
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435:. Natural processes such as
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553:University of Washington
486:Polymer devolatilization
403:etc) in vacuum chambers.
331:Freeze-pump-thaw cycling
437:tectonic plate movement
213:Membrane degasification
504:Degassing of Liquids:
704:Gas-liquid separation
699:Laboratory techniques
640:Nature Communications
287:Addition of reductant
241:Sparging by inert gas
184:vacuum degasification
412:Unintended degassing
247:Sparging (chemistry)
232:Ultrasonic degassing
54:improve this article
653:2020NatCo..11.2305C
460:Degas conductivity
194:Thermal regulation
162:Pressure reduction
156:air-free technique
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52:Please help
47:verification
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647:(1): 2305.
427:) from the
273:inert gases
172:Henry's law
69:"Degassing"
693:Categories
492:References
475:Outgassing
356:winemaking
293:reductants
271:and other
245:See also:
198:See also:
180:Sonication
168:solubility
80:newspapers
309:reduction
200:Deaerator
188:degassers
133:Degassing
679:32385247
454:See also
277:sparging
261:Nitrogen
219:membrane
152:solvents
670:7210894
649:Bibcode
418:methane
313:radical
305:sulfate
145:liquids
94:scholar
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612:: 34.
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390:vacuum
317:sodium
269:helium
253:oxygen
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101:JSTOR
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