452:
led an army against
Sindhuraja. According to the inscription, when Sindhuraja saw Chamundaraja's army from a distance, he fled with his elephant forces, and lost his well-established fame. It appears that the ruler of Lata was a vassal of Chamundaraja, and Sindhuraja's invasion of Lata prompted
417:
was ruled by the
Shilaharas. The claim of Sindhuraja's conquest of this region seems to be conventional exaggeration, as the Shilahara prince Aparajita is believed to have participated in one of his campaigns as an ally (see Nava-sahasanka-charita story above). Aparajita, in his 997 CE Bhadan
457:
states that
Chamundaraja killed Sindhuraja in a battle. The text was written by the Jain writer Jayasimha Suri, who was patronized by the Chaulukyas of Gujarat. However, the historicity of this claim is doubtful, since it does not appear in the earlier sources.
469:
ruler
Mahipala states that his ancestor Kirtiraja defeated the prince of Malava, whose soldiers fled the battlefield, leaving behind their spears. Earlier scholars identified the defeated king as Sindhuraja's son and successor
278:(1055 CE) was composed by Bhoja's court poet Dasabala. Based on this, scholars such as Pratipal Bhatia assign Bhoja's reign to 1010-1055 CE, and therefore Sindhuraja's reign to 997-1010 CE. However, Merutunga's
389:
The victory over Vagada may be a reference to his subjugation of
Chandapa, whose predecessor Kanka ruled the Vagada region as a Paramara subordinate, and who may have tried to assert independence.
282:
states that Bhoja ruled for 55 years. Assuming this information to be correct, scholars such as
Kailash Chandra Jain assume Bhoja's reign as 1000-1055 CE, and Sindhuraja's reign as 995-1000 CE.
386:
The claim of victory over the Hunas may be based on his participation in an anti-Huna campaign of his predecessor Munja, who is also credited with subjugating the Hunas in the
Paramara sources.
396:, and it is unlikely that Sindhuraja advanced that far in the south. It is possible that a ruler from this region fought against Sindhuraja as a subordinate or an ally of the Chalukyas or the
873:
256:), and Paramamahibhrta for him. His other names include Sindhula and Sindhala. In the inscriptions of his successor Bhoja, he has been called "Sindhu-raja-deva".
237:), while Munja was an adopted child. However, historians doubt the authenticity of this claim. Merutunga also states that Munja was succeeded by Sindhuraja's son
916:
293:, a work composed by the Paramara court poet Dhanapala eulogizes Sindhuraja as a great hero and "a lion for the line of rutting elephants of Indra". The
1117:
837:
728:
312:. This suggests that he recovered the territories on the Paramara kingdom's southern frontier, that his predecessor Munja had lost to the
206:
No inscriptions issued by
Sindhuraja have been discovered, although he is mentioned in several later Paramara inscriptions, including
591:
809:. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Volume VII: Inscriptions of the ParamÄras, ChandÄllas, KachchapaghÄtas, and two minor dynasties.
1067:
449:
271:
1025:
1019:
995:
909:
810:
248:
Sindhuraja adopted the titles "Kumara-Narayana" and "Nava-Sahasanka". Padmagupta also uses the titles
Avantishvara (lord of
264:
The exact period of
Sindhuraja's reign is not certain. His predecessor Munja died some time between 994 CE and 998 CE.
1079:
1055:
90:
Queen Savitri (According to Bhoja-Prabandha), Queen Shashiprabha(According to Nava-Sahasanka-Charita)
1112:
902:
355:
king Rattaraja. Pathak also believes that the Nagas of the story represent the Sinda dynasty of Karahata (modern
422:
by the Chalukyas, and may have formed an alliance with the Paramaras to defend himself against the Chalukyas.
1107:
466:
462:
426:
313:
300:
331:
narrates a partly-mythological story about Sindhuraja defeating the demon king Vajrankusha to win over the
295:
249:
216:, an eulogistic composition by his court poet Padmagupta. The work is a fusion of history and mythology.
212:
207:
425:
If the claim of victory against Kosala is true, it may be a reference to Sindhuraja's victory over the
229:
859:
761:
430:
362:
The text credits Sindhuraja with several other victories, including those over the countries of
888:
833:
827:
780:
724:
587:
581:
404:
95:
793:
718:
937:
925:
814:
187:
183:
139:
891:, an eulogistic composition on Sindhuraja's life by his court poet Padmagupta (in Sanskrit)
1073:
864:
379:
309:
1049:
1101:
1043:
1037:
977:
371:
220:
191:
66:
43:
1085:
738:
714:
340:
848:
804:
774:
742:
274:(1010 CE) are the earliest historical record of his successor Bhoja's reign. The
1061:
1007:
419:
363:
321:
308:
inscription of a later Paramara king state that Sindhuraja defeated the king of
118:
1013:
1001:
336:
317:
105:
17:
445:
397:
352:
348:
344:
320:. However, it is not clear if Sindhuraja fought against Tailapa's successor
304:
224:
818:
784:
438:
410:
375:
167:
765:
332:
134:
971:
894:
752:
Arvind K. Singh (2012). "Interpreting the History of the ParamÄras".
414:
393:
268:
234:
149:
795:
DhanapÄla and His Times: A Socio-cultural Study Based Upon His Works
989:
929:
471:
367:
356:
253:
238:
195:
101:
76:
860:"Scholar-Emperor and a Funerary Temple: Eleventh Century Bhojpur"
669:
667:
665:
663:
245:
and epigraphic evidence, Sindhuraja was the successor of Munja.
179:
898:
539:
537:
535:
533:
531:
529:
527:
335:
princess Shashiprabha; in this campaign he is supported by the
723:. Vol. 6: The Art of Storytelling. Motilal Banarsidass.
829:
Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D
490:
488:
486:
16:
Not to be confused with the Bhutanese king Sindhu Raja or
453:
Chamundraja to come to his rescue. The 14th century text
233:, Sindhuraja was the biological son of Simhadantabhatta (
223:
as the Paramara king. According to the 14th century poet
190:
in the late 10th century. He was the younger brother of
474:, but it is more likely that this king was Sindhuraja.
418:
copper-plate inscription, regrets the overthrow of the
697:
210:. Much of the information about his life comes from
964:
936:
163:
155:
145:
133:
117:
94:
86:
82:
72:
62:
49:
42:
30:
359:), which claimed descent from the mythical Nagas.
685:
673:
543:
392:Muralas is generally identified as present-day
948:Vairisimha I (9th century, possibly fictional)
910:
606:
567:
8:
654:
642:
630:
618:
506:
403:The ruler of Lata appears to have been the
343:theorizes that Shashikhanda represents the
951:Siyaka I (9th century, possibly fictional)
917:
903:
895:
555:
518:
494:
448:dynasty of Gujarat states that their king
182:: SindhurÄja) was an Indian king from the
27:
850:The Growth of the Paramara Power in Malwa
744:An Introduction to Indian Historiography
583:History of Classical Sanskrit Literature
874:National Centre for the Performing Arts
482:
806:Inscriptions of the ParamÄras (Part 2)
114:
7:
754:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
586:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 502.
351:, while Vajrankusa represents the
14:
219:Sindhuraja succeeded his brother
803:Harihar Vitthal Trivedi (1991).
339:leader Shashikhanda. Historian
37:Kumara-Narayana, Nava-Sahasanka
25:Kumara-Narayana, Nava-Sahasanka
980:alias Vakpati II (c. 972-990s)
811:Archaeological Survey of India
1:
773:Asoke Kumar Majumdar (1956).
53:
1118:10th-century Indian monarchs
954:Vakpati I (9th-10th century)
580:M. Srinivasachariar (1974).
433:ruler Yayati Mahashivagupta.
1134:
779:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
15:
957:Vairisimha (10th century)
698:Asoke Kumar Majumdar 1956
429:ruler Kalingaraja or the
124:
113:
35:
252:), Malava-raja (king of
241:. However, according to
832:. Motilal Banarsidass.
720:Indian KÄvya Literature
889:Nava-Sahasanka-Charita
858:Kirit Mankodi (1987).
819:10.5281/zenodo.1451755
329:Nava-sahasanka-charita
296:Nava-sahasanka-charita
243:Nava-Sahasanka-Charita
213:Nava-sahasanka-charita
945:Upendra (9th century)
792:G. P. Yadava (1982).
776:Chaulukyas of Gujarat
208:inscriptions of Bhoja
747:. Popular Prakashan.
686:Arvind K. Singh 2012
674:Arvind K. Singh 2012
544:Arvind K. Singh 2012
280:Prabandha-Chintamani
230:Prabandha-Chintamani
194:, and the father of
847:K. N. Seth (1978).
826:K. C. Jain (1972).
465:inscription of the
444:inscription of the
427:Ratnapura Kalachuri
20:(alias Sindhu Raja)
607:Kirit Mankodi 1987
568:H. V. Trivedi 1991
455:Kumarapala-Charita
353:Southern Shilahara
345:Northern Shilahara
276:Chintamani-Sarnika
1095:
1094:
839:978-81-208-0824-9
730:978-81-208-0615-3
700:, pp. 34ā35.
688:, pp. 18ā19.
657:, pp. 42ā43.
655:A. K. Warder 1972
643:A. K. Warder 1992
633:, pp. 10ā11.
631:A. K. Warder 1992
619:G. P. Yadava 1982
609:, pp. 71ā72.
507:A. K. Warder 1992
173:
172:
129:
128:
1125:
1113:Paramara dynasty
919:
912:
905:
896:
877:
854:
843:
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522:
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510:
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498:
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407:ruler Gongiraja.
314:Kalyani Chalukya
188:Kingdom of Malwa
186:, who ruled the
184:Paramara dynasty
125:Sindhu-raja-deva
115:
58:
55:
28:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1074:Arjunavarman II
960:
932:
923:
885:
880:
857:
846:
840:
825:
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791:
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737:
731:
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556:K. N. Seth 1978
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519:K. N. Seth 1978
517:
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495:K. C. Jain 1972
493:
484:
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467:Kachchhapaghata
299:as well as the
288:
286:Military career
262:
260:Period of reign
204:
109:
56:
26:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1131:
1129:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1108:Kings of Malwa
1100:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1083:
1082:(13th century)
1077:
1076:(13th century)
1071:
1070:(c. 1255-1274)
1065:
1064:(c. 1239-1255)
1059:
1058:(c. 1218-1239)
1053:
1052:(c. 1210-1215)
1050:Arjunavarman I
1047:
1046:(c. 1194-1209)
1041:
1040:(c. 1175-1194)
1035:
1034:(c. 1144-1174)
1029:
1028:(c. 1142-1143)
1023:
1022:(c. 1133-1142)
1017:
1016:(c. 1094-1130)
1011:
1005:
1004:(c. 1070-1093)
999:
998:(c. 1055-1070)
993:
992:(c. 1010-1055)
987:
986:(c. 990s-1010)
981:
975:
968:
966:
962:
961:
959:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
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883:External links
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497:, p. 341.
481:
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463:Sasbahu Temple
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291:Tilaka-Manjari
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1068:Jayavarman II
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
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1044:Subhatavarman
1042:
1039:
1038:Vindhyavarman
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1021:
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676:, p. 19.
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621:, p. 38.
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603:
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593:9788120802841
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570:, p. 29.
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558:, p. 87.
557:
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546:, p. 18.
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521:, p. 88.
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272:copper plates
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67:Vakpati Munja
65:
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52:
48:
45:
44:King of Malwa
41:
38:
34:
29:
23:
19:
1086:Mahalakadeva
1031:
1026:Jayavarman I
983:
974:(c. 948-972)
938:Early rulers
869:
863:
849:
828:
805:
794:
775:
760:(1): 13ā28.
757:
753:
743:
739:A. K. Warder
719:
715:A. K. Warder
707:Bibliography
693:
681:
650:
638:
626:
614:
602:
582:
575:
563:
551:
514:
509:, p. 1.
502:
461:The 1092 CE
460:
454:
450:Chamundaraja
441:
437:The 1151 CE
436:
420:Rashtrakutas
413:or northern
361:
341:V. S. Pathak
328:
326:
303:
294:
290:
289:
279:
275:
266:
263:
247:
242:
228:
218:
211:
205:
175:
174:
159:Queen Vadaja
104:
36:
22:
1088:(died 1305)
1062:Jaitugideva
1032:Interregnum
1020:Yashovarman
1010:(c. 1080s?)
1008:Lakshmadeva
996:Jayasimha I
853:. Progress.
322:Satyashraya
119:Regnal name
63:Predecessor
57: 990s
1102:Categories
1014:Naravarman
1002:Udayaditya
984:Sindhuraja
965:Sovereigns
798:. Concept.
478:References
431:Somavamshi
398:Shilaharas
370:, Murala,
337:vidyadhara
318:Tailapa II
202:Background
176:Sindhuraja
106:Udayaditya
31:Sindhuraja
18:Jayadratha
926:Paramaras
446:Chaulukya
442:prashasti
349:Aparajita
305:prashasti
225:Merutunga
73:Successor
1080:Bhoja II
1056:Devapala
876:: 61ā72.
766:41490371
741:(1972).
717:(1992).
439:Vadnagar
411:Aparanta
376:Aparanta
168:Hinduism
164:Religion
140:Paramara
785:4413150
310:Kuntala
301:Udaipur
135:Dynasty
972:Siyaka
836:
783:
764:
727:
590:
415:Konkan
394:Kerala
380:Kosala
378:, and
368:Vagada
269:Modasa
254:Malava
250:Avanti
235:Siyaka
156:Mother
150:Siyaka
146:Father
87:Spouse
990:Bhoja
978:Munja
930:Malwa
872:(2).
762:JSTOR
472:Bhoja
364:Hunas
357:Karad
347:king
316:king
239:Bhoja
221:Munja
196:Bhoja
192:Munja
102:Bhoja
96:Issue
77:Bhoja
50:Reign
865:Marg
834:ISBN
781:OCLC
725:ISBN
588:ISBN
372:Lata
333:Naga
327:The
267:The
180:IAST
928:of
815:doi
227:'s
1104::
870:39
868:.
862:.
813:.
758:22
756:.
662:^
526:^
485:^
382::
374:,
366:,
324:.
198:.
54:c.
918:e
911:t
904:v
842:.
821:.
817::
787:.
768:.
733:.
596:.
400:.
178:(
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