493:
The titles of journals are abbreviated. There are no periods in the abbreviation. A period comes after the abbreviation, delimiting it from the next field. The abbreviations are standardized. The standardization was formerly incomplete and internal to organizations such as NLM. It is now formalized
115:
is
Vancouver style in the broad sense because it is an author–number system that conforms to the URM, but not in the narrow sense because its formatting differs in some minor details from the NLM/PubMed style (such as what is italicized and whether the citation numbers are bracketed).
440:
lists all authors for all articles, because it is appropriate for capturing all authors and all of their publications in the MEDLINE database to be found by searches. However, in the reference lists of articles, most journals truncate the list after 3 or 6 names, followed by
489:
puts "" at the end of the article title. It no longer uses the term "Epub" and no longer includes the words "ahead of print". It omits the year from its normal location after the journal title abbreviation if there is no print data to give (online-only publication).
477:
NLM elides ending page numbers and uses a hyphen as the range indicating character (184-5). Some journals do likewise, whereas others expand the ending page numbers in full (184–185), use an en dash instead of a hyphen (184–5), or both (184–185).
423:
Tashiro J, Yamaguchi S, Ishii T, Suzuki A, Kondo H, Morita Y, Hara K, Koyama I. Inferior oncological prognosis of surgery without oral chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer in clinical settings. World J Surg Oncol. 2014 May 10;12(1):145.
563:
Glennon RA, Dukat M. Serotonin receptors and drugs affecting serotonergic neurotransmission. In: Williams DA, Lemke TL, editors. Foye's principles of medicinal chemistry. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins;
332:
the text punctuation, and that there are different cultures in different traditions. The first method is recommended by some universities and colleges, while the latter method is required by scientific publications such as the
99:, have a much broader scope than only the citation style: they provide ethical guidelines for writers and rules for co-authorship in scientific collaborations to avoid fraud. The Convention further entails compliance with the
485:. For the date of online publication, at the end of the citation NLM puts "" (for online-only publication) or "" for online ahead of print (with the month and day following the year in its normal position). In contrast,
106:
In the broad sense, the
Vancouver system refers to any author–number system regardless of the formatting details. A narrower definition of the Vancouver system refers to a specific author–number format specified by the
145:
378:
Capitalize surnames and enter spaces within surnames as they appear in the document cited on the assumption that the author approved the form used. For example: Van Der Horn or van der Horn; De Wolf or de Wolf or
449:
Guilbert TW, Morgan WJ, Zeiger RS, Mauger DT, Boehmer SJ, Szefler SJ, et al. Long-term inhaled corticosteroids in preschool children at high risk for asthma. N Engl J Med. 2006 May 11;354(19):1985–1997.
268:
Blood loss and the number of patients requiring post-operative blood transfusions were significantly greater, but operation and fluoroscopy times were significantly shorter, for the DHS versus the PFNA
803:
International
Committee of Medical Journal Editors (January 1997). "Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors".
69:
use author–number systems. They all follow the same essential logic (that is, numbered citations pointing to numbered list entries), although the trivial details of the output mask, such as
278:
Xu YZ, Geng DC, Mao HQ, Zhu XS, Yang HL (2010). "A comparison of the proximal femoral nail antirotation device and dynamic hip screw in the treatment of unstable pertrochanteric fracture".
465:
von
Itzstein M, Wu WY, Kok GB, Pegg MS, Dyason JC, Jin B, et al. Rational design of potent sialidase-based inhibitors of influenza virus replication. Nature. 1993 Jun 3;363(6428):418–423.
526:
adds an
English translation of the title enclosed in square brackets right after the title. The language is specified in full after the location (pagination), followed by a period.
889:"International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE): Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: writing and editing for biomedical publication"
180:
In the early 2000s, with the Web having become a major force in academic life, the idea gradually took hold that the logical home for the latest edition of the URMs would be the
341:
except for in the end of a block quotation. (IEEE are using
Vancouver style labels within brackets, for example to cite the first reference in the list, but otherwise refer to
81:, vary widely among them. They have existed for over a century; the names "Vancouver system" or "Vancouver style" have existed since 1978. The latest version of the latter is
553:
Beers MH, Porter RS, Jones TV, Kaplan JL, Berkwits M, editors. The Merck manual of diagnosis and therapy. 18th ed. Whitehouse
Station (NJ): Merck Research Laboratories; 2006.
221:
as the home for the formatting details of
Vancouver style. For example, in the December 2013 edition of the ICMJE Recommendations, the relevant paragraph is IV.A.3.g.ii. (
1192:
264:. The number usually appears at the end of the material it supports, and an entry in the reference list would give full bibliographical information for the source:
155:
debuted. During those years, they were published as articles or supplements in various ICMJE member journals. These included the 1991 BMJ publication, the 1995
91:
section of the ICMJE Recommendations for the
Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. These recommendations, the
659:
628:
198:
695:
428:
As an option, if a journal carries continuous pagination throughout a volume (as many medical journals do), the month and issue number may be omitted.
574:
World Health Organization (WHO). Mortality country fact sheet 2006 . Geneva: WHO; 2006. Available from: www.who.int/whosis/mort_emro_pak_pakistan.pdf
921:
184:
itself (as opposed to whichever journal article or supplement had most recently published an update). For example, as of 2004, the editors of
518:
Forneau E, Bovet D. Recherches sur l'action sympathicolytique d'un nouveau dérivé du dioxane. Arch Int Pharmacodyn. 1933;46:178–191. French.
591:
984:
1167:
955:
991:
1018:
481:
Virtually all medical journal articles are published online. Many are published online only, and many others are published online
1039:
402:
does not explicitly mandate merging initials (e.g. "R. K." would be merged into "RK"), the examples used throughout the book do.
1196:
1050:
1225:
940:
148:(URMs). Part of the URMs is the reference style, for which the ICMJE selected the long-established author–number principle.
144:, to agree to a unified set of requirements for the articles of such journals. This meeting led to the establishment of the
840:"Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors"
764:"Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors"
715:"Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors"
420:-antihistamines: inverse agonism, anti-inflammatory actions and cardiac effects. Clin Exp Allergy. 2002 Apr;32(4):489–498.
349:
and Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals) do not discuss placement of the citation mark.
523:
437:
163:
46:
style that uses numbers within the text that refer to numbered entries in the reference list. It is popular in the
124:
Author–number systems have existed for over a century and throughout that time have been one of the main types of
454:
133:
382:
Convert given (first) names and middle names to initials, for a maximum of two initials following each surname
679:"Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals"
504:
ISO 4: Information and documentation – Rules for the abbreviation of title words and titles of publications
888:
1220:
346:
108:
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The citation in brackets is placed after any commas and periods, and before any colons and semi-colons
925:
342:
334:
100:
1162:
Many medical institutions maintain their own style guides, with information on how to cite sources:
543:
Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Moore PK. Pharmacology. 5th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2003.
1143:
112:
66:
51:
432:
Thomas MC. Diuretics, ACE inhibitors and NSAIDs – the triple whammy. Med J Aust. 2000;172:184–185.
238:
References are numbered consecutively in order of appearance in the text – they are identified by
217:
for citation style, as a new home for the style's details. The ICMJE Recommendations now point to
655:
303:
129:
599:
534:
Surname Initial(s). Book title. Edition – if available: Publisher, place of publication; Year.
959:
903:
869:
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47:
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1080:
Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]
859:
851:
816:
812:
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734:
726:
287:
357:
Different formats exist for different types of sources, e.g. books, journal articles, etc.
190:
decided simply to invite their authors to visit www.icmje.org for the 2003 revision of the
625:"Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Sample References"
250:
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publication. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, journals were asked to cite the 1997
50:
and is one of two referencing systems normally used in medicine, the other being the
307:
1107:
967:
678:
209:) has hosted the ICMJE's "Sample References" pages. Around 2007, the NLM created
256:
214:
103:, and research projects must be recommended by an independent ethics committee.
78:
74:
70:
320:
Several descriptions of the Vancouver system say that the number can be placed
291:
17:
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References ... appear on the line, in square brackets, inside the punctuation.
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1126:"Appendix A: Abbreviations for Commonly Used English Words in Journal Titles"
963:
730:
855:
486:
141:
907:
299:
1130:
Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers
887:
International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) (March 2004).
873:
824:
789:
748:
470:
1103:
Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers
948:
Journal of Punjab Academy of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology (JPAFMAT)
651:
Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers
649:
394:
See exceptions for author in Appendix F: Notes for Citing MEDLINE/PubMed.
140:, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), met in
125:
43:
951:
243:
202:
55:
458:
442:
365:
Formatting for all names (e.g., authors, editors, etc.) is the same.
206:
146:
Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals
59:
1106:, Bethesda (MD): United States National Library of Medicine; p. 41 (
713:
International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (February 1991).
27:
Citation style that uses numbers within the text to cite references
503:
324:
the text punctuation to avoid disruption to the flow of the text,
1132:(2nd ed.). Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US).
838:
International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (March 1997).
338:
157:
1083:(2nd ed.). Bethesda, MD: National Library of Medicine (US)
939:
Gorea RK, Dalal JS, Thind AS, Aggarwal KK, Aggarwal AD (2004).
762:
International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (May 1995).
111:(Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts, URM). For example, the
696:"Legal statutes and guidelines: the Vancouver recommendations"
684:. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).
623:
International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) .
388:
Separate author names from each other by a comma and a space
375:
Enter surname (family or last name) first for each author
1193:"University of Leicester Library, Vancouver Style Guide"
181:
673:
671:
669:
618:
616:
453:
Optionally, a unique identifier (such as the article's
1100:
Patrias K (2007, rev. 2015), Wendling D (tech. ed.),
1077:Patrias K (2007). "Journals". In Wendling D (ed.).
954:, Punjab, India: Department of Forensic Medicine,
445:" (which most medical journals do not italicize):
345:.) The original Vancouver system documents (the
136:). In 1978, a committee of editors from various
372:List names in the order they appear in the text
273:And the entry in the reference list would be:
266:
990:. Vancouver Community College. Archived from
280:The Journal of International Medical Research
8:
1021:. Cornell University Library. Archived from
151:The URMs were developed 15 years before the
660:United States National Library of Medicine
629:United States National Library of Medicine
385:Give all authors, regardless of the number
199:United States National Library of Medicine
1144:"List of Title Word Abbreviations (LTWA)"
924:. University of Leicester. Archived from
863:
779:
738:
1034:
1032:
817:10.7326/0003-4819-126-1-199701010-00006
583:
941:"Reference systems deciphered for you"
558:Authored chapter in edited publication
416:Leurs R, Church MK, Taglialatela M. H
7:
648:Patrias K (2007). Wendling D (ed.).
514:As per journal articles in English:
391:End author information with a period
956:Government Medical College, Patiala
548:Editor(s) or compiler(s) as authors
142:Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
197:Since the early to mid-2000s, the
25:
596:British Medical Association (BMA)
52:author–date, or "Harvard", system
461:) may be added to the citation:
223:References > Style and Format
89:References > Style and Format
1056:from the original on 2011-04-08
1:
922:"Vancouver (Numbered) System"
54:. Vancouver style is used by
173:version when reprinting the
805:Annals of Internal Medicine
164:Annals of Internal Medicine
1242:
1168:"University of Queensland"
985:"Vancouver Citation Style"
292:10.1177/147323001003800408
1040:"IEEE Citation Reference"
411:Standard journal articles
368:General rules for names:
161:publication and the 1997
36:Vancouver reference style
731:10.1136/bmj.302.6772.338
1128:. In Wendling D (ed.).
856:10.1001/jama.277.11.927
510:Articles not in English
271:
1226:Academic style guides
347:ICMJE recommendations
109:ICMJE Recommendations
1019:"MLA Citation Style"
343:Chicago Style Manual
192:Uniform Requirements
175:Uniform Requirements
101:Helsinki Declaration
97:Vancouver guidelines
93:Vancouver Convention
40:author–number system
1025:on 2 February 2016.
569:Electronic material
496:supraorganizational
353:Format of citations
234:Labelling citations
130:scientific journals
113:AMA reference style
67:scientific journals
1124:Patrias K (2007).
1110:), chap. 1, p. 8 (
656:Bethesda, Maryland
592:"Reference styles"
538:Personal author(s)
261:, or a combination
928:on 27 March 2015.
725:(6772): 338–341.
602:on 5 October 2016
498:level (see also:
316:Placing citations
132:(the other being
48:physical sciences
16:(Redirected from
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700:Ettikkom.no
257:superscript
244:parentheses
215:style guide
134:author–date
71:punctuation
1215:Categories
1203:2012-12-30
1184:2006-09-30
1087:2019-03-31
1060:2011-05-12
1001:2015-01-05
902:(3): 264.
634:2013-03-01
606:2016-10-04
579:References
500:ANSI Z39.5
328:be placed
87:, per the
1112:PubReader
964:0972-5687
487:AMA style
398:Although
128:style in
1148:ISSN.org
1051:Archived
908:15020262
308:20812098
300:20925999
126:citation
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952:Patiala
874:9062335
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825:8992922
790:7728695
781:1337910
749:2001512
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494:at the
471:8502295
379:DeWolf.
322:outside
203:MEDLINE
120:History
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