377:) and for their political and social rights. He went to Vienna in 1812, seeking to improve his priests' conditions and to have his residence fixed at Sibiu. He sent a number of petitions there starting in 1816; these requested land for the priests, their exemption from taxes and government financial assistance. He even hired an agent in Vienna to report on the situation there, but his early initiatives met with limited success. After 1830, the situation became more favorable: conflict between the government and the largely Protestant opposition nobility grew more acute, and both groups attempted to draw the Romanians onto their side. It was in this context that Moga wrote to Greek-Catholic bishop
353:, who spent about three years on the faculty before an ongoing conflict with Moga forced him to leave Sibiu in late 1815. The previous year, the bishop had recalled his nephew Moise Fulea from Vienna in order to train priests. In 1816 another nephew, Ioan Moga, also a Vienna returnee, replaced Lazăr. The pair would be the only seminary faculty members at Sibiu for some three decades. Despite misunderstandings with Lazăr, Moga continued to improve education for future priests after 1815. In 1832, he created a scholarship fund worth 10,000
338:. The clergy were considered "tolerated" and not permitted to request improvements in their condition, and did not own land like priests from other faiths. The document specified that if Orthodox parishioners embraced Greek Catholicism, the church land would become the property of the latter denomination, while if an entire village took up Orthodoxy, the Greek-Catholic priest would retain control. The general sense of these restrictions was to consolidate the Greek-Catholic Church at the expense of the Orthodox one.
190:
408:. The initiative, in which the bishops reminded the privileged nations of the significant inequalities faced by their community, took place against a backdrop of conflict between Hungarians and Saxons regarding the principality's official language. Although Hungarian and Székely deputies showed some interest in embarrassing the Saxons, the petitions were unsuccessful, either relegated to the archives or sent to be forgotten in a study committee.
342:
preach, to build schools and to catechize the people. He visited numerous parishes, urging their priests to set up registers for baptisms, marriages and deaths. When disputes among the faithful arose, Moga would intervene promptly, and he would berate and punish priests who did not carry out their duties. He initiated six-month courses in theology and pedagogy in 1811 and granted scholarships for the
31:
302:, who preferred a compliant Orthodox leader rather than his more fanatical rival Nicolae Hutovici, a cleric ready to oppose their efforts at attracting converts in southern Transylvania. Thus, although he placed second of three candidates, the Transylvanian authorities recommended Moga over the winner Hutovici, and the
334:
thanks to the
Emperor's grace, he was obliged to be his faithful subject and follow all the country's laws. Every month, he had to submit minutes of his consistorial meetings to the government. He and his priests were not allowed to object to the spread of Greek Catholicism or to accept the presence of monks from the
412:
this matter, but they remained unanswered. Finally, he sued the town hall in 1840, spending considerable sums on the case, but died during the course of the trial. Initially, his nephew Ioan continued to fight in court, but, old and sick, soon lost interest. Upon his death in 1845, Moga was buried in the yard of the
411:
One of Moga's later actions involved the
Orthodox of his native town Sebeș. As far back as 1817, he had asked his brother Zaharia to secure funds from the local treasury for a new church, on the basis that most taxpayers were Romanian. Moga sent petitions to the government and even the Emperor about
357:
and capable of supporting six
Orthodox students; he added another 30,000 florins in 1835. He freely gave money to those in need. He published a number of religious books at private printing presses in Sibiu, while sponsoring the printing of textbooks and other materials in the Romanian language, and
333:
During his 34 years as at the helm of the diocese, Moga confronted difficulties placed in his path by both the imperial and the
Transylvanian authorities, by the local Saxons and the Greek-Catholic clergy. Even the decree naming him bishop imposed nineteen restrictions. Reminded that he held office
341:
Despite these provisions, Moga managed a number of achievements, both in the ecclesiastical and the cultural-political sphere. He sent tens of pastoral letters to clergy and parishioners. A supporter of primary education, he urged the priests to help build churches and schools. He obliged them to
280:
in 1701, and no bishop of any nationality since a succession of
Serbian bishops who reigned beginning in 1761 had ended in 1796. After a series of petitions, in May 1809 the imperial court approved the election of a Romanian bishop by a synod, held at
416:. In his will, the bishop bequeathed to the church assessors his residence and a second house in Sibiu, as well as an orchard; he also left behind an endowment for paying the church's lawyers and other needs. While his eventual successor
746:
285:
in
October 1810. Described by one contemporary as "an unremarkable man, unknown, speaks foreign languages, but is otherwise a lethargic, negligent and weak character", Moga had the backing of the powerful
346:
to the most promising students. He purchased a house that became his official residence, as well as hosting the consistory and seminary, and built a separate wing for the teachers he hired and paid.
400:, and again in 1842 to obtain enforcement of a 1791 law recognizing freedom of worship for the Orthodox. Later the same year, he again joined with Lemeni to seek sanctions against the Hungarian and
362:'s works. He also supported cultural events and the distribution of Romanian gazettes and magazines. The money he gave out came entirely from the synodal fund, the church's only source of revenue.
420:
has been the subject of ample historiographic study, Moga's life has generally been treated in cursory fashion, with the last biography appearing in 1938. One noted study, published in 1915 by
224:, he was a parish priest for some years before being made bishop of Transylvania. The first Romanian to hold this office in over a century, he served for over three decades. Living in
250:
265:
and was ordained a priest without having married. At Sebeș until 1810, he first served alongside his uncle Avram, and then with his brother
Zaharia after Avram's death.
751:
277:
228:
during this period, he worked both to improve the spiritual and educational foundations of the diocese and to secure additional rights for the province's
Romanians.
756:
387:. Although without immediate effect, the episode demonstrated that clerics from the two churches could cooperate in seeking to advance the rights of Romanians.
325:. In August, Moga announced to his clergy that he had been installed, thus beginning his activity. He resided at Sibiu and remained as bishop until his death.
261:. He went to the latter institution for five years, including a study of philosophy during the final two. His father Ioan died in 1798, after which he went to
246:
381:
in
November 1833, suggesting the two draft a petition. The two sent the resulting document to Vienna in April 1834, taking up the grievances of the earlier
761:
693:
680:
394:
in 1837, seeking to obtain certain economic benefits and relief from taxes and tithes for his clergy and faithful on the Saxon-dominated
716:
482:
317:
in April 1811. His enthronement took place at Cluj in June, in the presence of Bánffy. Moga soon asked to be transferred to
741:
635:
383:
370:
Over the course of his episcopate, Moga pushed for the
Romanians' recognition as the fourth nation in Transylvania (
413:
171:
494:
269:
51:
287:
217:
41:
354:
335:
181:
310:
291:
189:
736:
731:
343:
688:, vol. 3. Bucharest: Editura Institutului biblic și de misiune al Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, 1991,
666:
396:
373:
322:
77:
391:
303:
136:
712:
689:
676:
350:
205:
140:
417:
314:
90:
660:
486:
273:
210:
159:
636:"Biserică și societate în timpul episcopului Vasile Moga (1810–1845). Evaluarea surselor"
404:
members of the Diet for allegedly discriminating against the Romanian inhabitants of the
709:
Istoria formării intelectualității românești din Transilvania și Banat în epoca modernă
645:
725:
421:
299:
262:
132:
479:
700:
Mihai Racovițan, Eugen Străuțiu, "Sibiul – conștiință și acțiune românească", in
401:
378:
359:
254:
155:
213:
295:
242:
221:
30:
321:; once this request was granted, he moved into a house rented from a
253:
gymnasium from 1786, followed by the Roman Catholic high schools in
318:
282:
225:
188:
258:
747:
Romanian people in the Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)
702:
Anuarul Institutului de Cercetări Socio-Umane Sibiu
177:
167:
149:
125:
120:
112:
104:
99:
86:
73:
65:
57:
47:
37:
21:
711:. Cluj-Napoca: Presa Universitară Clujeană, 2000,
294:. He was also supported by Greek-Catholic bishops
424:, analyzed the dispute between Moga and Lazăr.
306:quickly approved the nomination in December.
8:
640:Buletinul Cercurilor Științifice Studențești
650:Studies on Romanian National Consciousness
29:
18:
588:
586:
16:Imperial Austrian ethnic Romanian bishop
752:Bishops of the Romanian Orthodox Church
505:
503:
432:
519:
517:
515:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
462:
460:
458:
757:19th-century Eastern Orthodox bishops
567:
565:
448:
446:
444:
442:
440:
438:
436:
241:Born in to an old priestly family in
204:
7:
704:, vol. V-VI/1998-1999, pp. 7–24
675:. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Dacia, 2002,
655:Ștefan Pascu, Iosif Pervain (eds.),
268:There had been no Romanian Orthodox
209:; 1774 – October 17, 1845) was an
14:
686:Istoria Bisericii Ortodoxe Române
657:George Bariț și contemporanii săi
313:, he was consecrated a bishop at
144:(now Sebeș, Alba County, Romania)
652:. Pelham, New York: Nagard, 1964
366:Political involvement and legacy
358:facilitated the circulation of
64:
56:
642:, nr. 15/2009, pp. 97–106
278:Romanian Greek-Catholic Church
1:
673:Cărturari sibieni de altădată
491:Dicționarul Teologilor Români
489:, entry in Mircea Păcurariu,
762:19th-century Romanian clergy
495:Editura Univers Enciclopedic
247:Principality of Transylvania
384:Supplex Libellus Valachorum
778:
580:Racovițan, Străuțiu, p. 11
390:Moga alone petitioned the
237:Origins and rise to bishop
452:Păcurariu 2002, pp. 47–48
28:
288:Governor of Transylvania
249:, he attended the local
218:Romanian Orthodox Church
42:Romanian Orthodox Church
336:Danubian Principalities
202:Romanian pronunciation:
182:Eastern Orthodox Church
532:Păcurariu 1991, p. 265
509:Pascu, Pervain, p. 153
270:bishop of Transylvania
206:[vaˈsileˈmoɡa]
194:
659:, vol. 6. Bucharest:
592:Păcurariu 1991, p. 73
550:Păcurariu 1991, p. 71
192:
344:University of Vienna
329:Activities as bishop
163:(now Sibiu, Romania)
414:Annunciation Church
374:Unio Trium Nationum
323:Transylvanian Saxon
309:Tonsured a monk at
172:Annunciation Church
707:Cornel Sigmirean,
485:2016-03-05 at the
392:Transylvanian Diet
311:Krušedol monastery
195:
742:People from Sebeș
694:978-973-91-3004-2
681:978-973-35-1463-3
349:One of these was
211:Imperial Austrian
187:
186:
141:Habsburg monarchy
95:
82:
769:
667:Mircea Păcurariu
633:
620:
617:
611:
608:
602:
599:
593:
590:
581:
578:
572:
569:
560:
557:
551:
548:
542:
541:Sigmirean, p. 33
539:
533:
530:
524:
521:
510:
507:
498:
478:
474:
453:
450:
276:entered the new
208:
203:
153:October 17, 1845
121:Personal details
93:
80:
78:Gerasim Adamović
33:
19:
777:
776:
772:
771:
770:
768:
767:
766:
722:
721:
661:Editura Minerva
631:
628:
623:
618:
614:
609:
605:
601:Boc, pp. 105–06
600:
596:
591:
584:
579:
575:
571:Hitchins, p. 48
570:
563:
558:
554:
549:
545:
540:
536:
531:
527:
523:Boc, pp. 104–05
522:
513:
508:
501:
487:Wayback Machine
476:
475:
456:
451:
434:
430:
368:
331:
274:Atanasie Anghel
239:
234:
214:ethnic Romanian
201:
162:
160:Austrian Empire
154:
145:
143:
130:
69:17 October 1845
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
775:
773:
765:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
724:
723:
720:
719:
705:
698:
697:
696:
683:
664:
653:
646:Keith Hitchins
643:
627:
624:
622:
621:
612:
603:
594:
582:
573:
561:
552:
543:
534:
525:
511:
499:
454:
431:
429:
426:
367:
364:
351:Gheorghe Lazăr
330:
327:
238:
235:
233:
230:
220:. A native of
216:bishop of the
193:Grave in Sibiu
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
151:
147:
146:
131:
127:
123:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
97:
96:
88:
84:
83:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
774:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
727:
718:
717:973-8095-38-7
714:
710:
706:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
684:
682:
678:
674:
671:
670:
668:
665:
662:
658:
654:
651:
647:
644:
641:
637:
632:(in Romanian)
630:
629:
625:
616:
613:
607:
604:
598:
595:
589:
587:
583:
577:
574:
568:
566:
562:
556:
553:
547:
544:
538:
535:
529:
526:
520:
518:
516:
512:
506:
504:
500:
496:
493:. Bucharest:
492:
488:
484:
481:
480:"Vasile Moga"
477:(in Romanian)
473:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
459:
455:
449:
447:
445:
443:
441:
439:
437:
433:
427:
425:
423:
419:
418:Andrei Șaguna
415:
409:
407:
406:Fundus regius
403:
399:
398:
397:Fundus regius
393:
388:
386:
385:
380:
376:
375:
365:
363:
361:
356:
352:
347:
345:
339:
337:
328:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
305:
301:
300:Samuil Vulcan
297:
293:
292:György Bánffy
289:
284:
279:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
236:
231:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
212:
207:
199:
191:
183:
180:
176:
173:
170:
166:
161:
157:
152:
148:
142:
138:
134:
128:
124:
119:
116:23 April 1811
115:
111:
107:
103:
98:
92:
91:Andrei Șaguna
89:
85:
79:
76:
72:
68:
60:
53:
50:
46:
43:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
708:
701:
685:
672:
656:
649:
639:
634:Ovidiu Boc,
615:
606:
597:
576:
555:
546:
537:
528:
490:
410:
405:
395:
389:
382:
371:
369:
348:
340:
332:
308:
267:
240:
197:
196:
178:Denomination
113:Consecration
61:29 June 1811
52:Transylvania
737:1845 deaths
732:1774 births
559:Boc, p. 105
379:Ioan Lemeni
360:Petru Maior
198:Vasile Moga
94:(from 1848)
74:Predecessor
23:Vasile Moga
726:Categories
626:References
619:Boc, p. 98
610:Boc, p. 97
422:Ioan Lupaș
255:Alba Iulia
156:Nagyszeben
137:Sebeș Seat
133:Szászsebes
105:Ordination
66:Term ended
315:Karlowitz
245:, in the
232:Biography
87:Successor
81:(d. 1796)
58:Installed
483:Archived
296:Ioan Bob
251:Lutheran
402:Székely
355:florins
304:Emperor
48:Diocese
715:
692:
679:
663:, 1983
497:, 1996
272:since
168:Buried
100:Orders
38:Church
638:, in
428:Notes
319:Sibiu
283:Turda
243:Sebeș
226:Sibiu
222:Sebeș
713:ISBN
690:ISBN
677:ISBN
372:see
298:and
263:Arad
259:Cluj
257:and
150:Died
129:1774
126:Born
108:1798
728::
669:,
648:,
585:^
564:^
514:^
502:^
457:^
435:^
290:,
158:,
139:,
135:,
200:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
