324:
47:
27:
54:
380:. After the coup d'état of December 1926, Lithuania started a campaign against Polish primary schools. Many schools were closed after 12 Polish teachers were arrested right after the coup while others lost their jobs under the pretext of insufficient knowledge of the Lithuanian language or lack of qualifications.
375:
A letter allegedly written by 28 Polish teachers imprisoned in
Varniai was published by Polish press on 4 October 1927. The letter claimed that the teachers were imprisoned because they refused to teach history according to the government-approved syllabus. This was a very sensitive issue due to the
299:
By mid-February 1927, the number of inmates reached 136. The camp could accommodate about 300 people, but only rarely the population exceeded 150. At the end of 1927, the population peaked at 187. The people, including women and a few children, would be sent to the camp by an administrative order of
280:. The official rationale given by the military was that their actions had prevented an imminent Bolshevik coup, allegedly scheduled for 20 December. About 350 communists were arrested and four leaders (
343:
reserve captain Pranas
Klimaitis, and M. Marcinkevičius. Tomkus and Klimaitis were accused of organizing a coup on 14–15 January but were released within a few days. Notable inmates included writer
391:) as the capital of Lithuania. The letter could also a forgery by Lithuanian political émigrés, internal opposition, or German government, which just now was starting the campaign to regain the
363:. The cells were large and could house some 30 people. The communists used this to establish self-education groups to improve their knowledge and understanding of
798:
788:
82:
311:
In 1931, on average, there were 48 internees at the camp. The camp was officially closed on 30 October 1931 due to financial difficulties brought by the
288:
and
Rapolas Čarnas) were executed on 29 December. The new government decided to establish a concentration camp and selected the building of the former
46:
803:
783:
395:(Memel territory). The Polish government used the letter as a pretext to close dozens of Lithuanian schools (including 44 schools maintained by the
383:
The letter was likely a forgery by the Polish government in response to
Lithuanian plans of adopting a new constitution that would explicitly name
793:
808:
752:
396:
240:. In total, more than 1,000 people passed through the camp before it was closed in 1931 due to financial difficulties brought by the
762:
689:
566:
479:
265:
233:
304:
when the authorities lacked evidence for a criminal conviction. The internment was usually for 1–3 months or until the end of the
553:
431:
249:
277:
237:
75:
32:
677:
Antanas
Smetona and His Lithuania: From the National Liberation Movement to an Authoritarian Regime (1893-1940)
638:
323:
289:
352:
205:
400:
364:
315:. The building was returned to the military. In total, more than 1,000 people passed through the camp.
360:
340:
586:
392:
758:
733:
685:
681:
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653:
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562:
531:
475:
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404:
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245:
221:
377:
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209:
26:
777:
718:
348:
285:
269:
201:
162:
305:
639:"Położenie szkolnictwa polskiego w niepodległym państwie litewskim (1918-1940)"
301:
253:
737:
657:
535:
449:
399:) and arrest 25 Lithuanian teachers and activists. Lithuanian Prime Minister
97:
84:
229:
185:
467:
268:
to overthrow the democratically elected
Lithuanian government of President
623:
335:
The first three internees arrived on 19 January 1927. They were editor of
384:
225:
175:
432:"A.Smetonos režimas nepaklusniuosius grūdo į koncentracijos stovyklas"
436:
322:
615:
The Great Powers, Lithuania and the Vilna
Question, 1920-1928
236:
to house political prisoners, mostly members of the outlawed
754:
Antanas ir
Emilija Vileišiai: Gyvenimo ir veiklos bruožai
407:
which debated the question during its
December session.
474:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Elektroninės leidybos namai.
31:
Main building of the concentration camp (present-day
646:
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
191:
181:
171:
161:
153:
145:
137:
129:
121:
113:
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292:which was turned into military barracks after the
53:
719:"Lietuvių švietimas Vilniaus krašte 1920–1939 m."
680:. On the Boundary of Two Worlds. Translated by
8:
757:(in Lithuanian). Alma littera. p. 378.
339:major Juozas Tomkus, former chairman of the
248:operated two other internment camps, one in
19:
376:bitter Polish–Lithuanian dispute over the
66:Location of the Varniai concentration camp
25:
18:
704:
327:Internees at the camp in 1927 (including
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667:
580:
578:
547:
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510:
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461:
459:
430:Argustas, Justinas (14 February 2011).
425:
423:
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419:
415:
561:(in Lithuanian). Mintis. p. 259.
264:In December 1926, Lithuanian military
16:Political internment camp in Lithuania
472:Gimtoji istorija. Nuo 7 iki 12 klasės
244:. Later, the authoritarian regime of
7:
637:Buchowski, Krzysztof (15 May 2019).
789:1931 disestablishments in Lithuania
232:. It was created a month after the
397:Lithuanian Education Society Rytas
14:
799:History of Lithuania (1918–1940)
784:1927 establishments in Lithuania
585:Lukšas, Aras (20 January 2012).
517:"Varnių koncentracijos stovykla"
52:
45:
466:Kulikauskas, Gediminas (2002).
403:sent a formal complaint to the
468:"1926 m. valstybės perversmas"
1:
804:Telšiai District Municipality
794:Internment camps in Lithuania
684:. Brill Rodopi. p. 205.
359:, former Minister of Finance
717:Ereminas, Gintautas (2015).
618:. E. J. Brill. p. 194.
278:Lithuanian Nationalist Union
238:Communist Party of Lithuania
234:coup d'état of December 1926
141:168 (as of October 1928)
809:Anti-communism in Lithuania
674:Eidintas, Alfonsas (2015).
612:Senn, Alfred Erich (1966).
825:
587:"Perversmas, kurio nebuvo"
555:Lietuvos revoliucionieriai
284:, Juozas Greifenbergeris,
218:Varniai concentration camp
60:Varniai concentration camp
20:Varniai concentration camp
552:Šarmaitis, Romas (1988).
371:Polish–Lithuanian dispute
196:
40:
33:Samogitian Diocese Museum
24:
515:Valatka, Vitas (2011).
290:Varniai Priest Seminary
252:in 1936 and another in
167:Captain Kostas Rudaitis
751:Aničas, Jonas (1999).
332:
401:Augustinas Voldemaras
355:, socialist attorney
326:
98:55.74389°N 22.37250°E
353:Mečislovas Gedvilas
341:Lithuanian Riflemen
206:Mečislovas Gedvilas
94: /
21:
333:
308:(i.e. unlimited).
103:55.74389; 22.37250
728:(in Lithuanian).
707:, pp. 36–37.
682:Alfred Erich Senn
526:(in Lithuanian).
405:League of Nations
215:
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192:Notable prisoners
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365:Marxism–Leninism
313:Great Depression
294:Uprising of 1863
266:organized a coup
242:Great Depression
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361:Petras Karvelis
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274:Antanas Smetona
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246:Antanas Smetona
222:internment camp
157:30 October 1931
149:19 January 1927
125:Internment camp
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705:Buchowski 2019
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378:Vilnius Region
372:
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357:Andrius Bulota
320:
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282:Karolis Požela
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210:Andrius Bulota
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764:9789986027942
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524:Žemaičių žemė
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349:Vladas Niunka
347:, communists
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595:. Retrieved
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485:. Retrieved
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388:
382:
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337:Tautos valia
336:
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272:and install
263:
217:
216:
306:martial law
300:a military
101: /
76:Coordinates
778:Categories
411:References
345:Butkų Juzė
329:Butkų Juzė
302:commandant
250:Dimitravas
198:Butkų Juzė
138:Population
89:22°22′21″E
86:55°44′38″N
738:2029-0101
658:1230-5057
652:: 35–36.
536:1392-2610
530:: 24–27.
450:1392-5156
444:: 42–43.
387:(Polish:
319:Internees
256:in 1939.
230:Lithuania
186:Lithuania
276:and his
130:Capacity
597:18 June
487:18 June
385:Vilnius
260:History
254:Pabradė
226:Varniai
220:was an
182:Country
176:Varniai
761:
736:
732:: 21.
688:
656:
624:398265
622:
565:
534:
478:
448:
437:Veidas
163:Warden
154:Closed
146:Opened
117:Closed
114:Status
722:(PDF)
642:(PDF)
559:(PDF)
520:(PDF)
389:Wilno
759:ISBN
734:ISSN
686:ISBN
654:ISSN
620:OCLC
599:2017
563:ISBN
532:ISSN
489:2017
476:ISBN
446:ISSN
172:City
224:in
133:300
780::
724:.
666:^
650:33
648:.
644:.
589:.
577:^
544:^
522:.
497:^
470:.
458:^
440:.
434:.
418:^
367:.
351:,
296:.
228:,
208:,
204:,
200:,
767:.
740:.
730:I
694:.
660:.
626:.
601:.
571:.
538:.
528:7
491:.
452:.
442:7
331:)
35:)
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