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1028:. Completing an engine swap typically requires a high level of modification and fabrication to fit the engine and connect it to the host vehicle's body, transmission, and electrics. Many companies sell kits for common engine swaps that include adapter plates for the transmission, K member, engine mounts, front subframe, and more, depending on what ss required for the particular swap. Some engine swaps will use the vehicle's original transmission, while others opt for the transmission from the donor car, or a different transmission entirely.
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trunk"), candy paint, vertical stainless steel trim on the trunk panel (known as "belt buckles"), aftermarket grille, and the use of a
Cadillac front-end sheet metal conversion. The interiors of slabs are usually clad in beige or tan (in what is called a "peanut butter interior"). Usually associated with
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Modified cars can be significantly different from their stock counterparts. A common factor among owners/modifiers is to emulate the visual and/or performance characteristics of established styles and design principles. These similarities may be unintentional. Some of the many different styles and
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since 1964 in honor of show promoter Don Ridler. With one of the most unusual car show entry requirements, the Ridler Award winners are selected as the most outstanding among cars being shown for the first time. This prompts builders of many high-end roadsters to enter
Autorama first and then the
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area in the mid-1980s—usually, a full-size
American luxury car fitted with custom "elbows", a type of extended wire wheels which protrude out from the fenders, loudspeaker setups, and neon signage inside the trunk panel. Other "slab" modifications include hydraulic-actuated trunk panels (a "pop
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were an early type of custom car first popularized in the United States, considered to be one of the earliest defined car customization movements. The origins of the first hot rods are typically considered to be early race cars built to race on dirt tracks and dry lake beds, often stripped down
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era, Japan's automotive industry grew, eventually leading to the country becoming the world's largest vehicle producer. This led to a unique car customization culture within the nation. Some of the early custom cars in Japan, starting in the late 1970s through the 1980s, included Kaido Racers,
387:, particularly in California, because many returning soldiers had received technical training. Many cars were "hopped up" with engine modifications such as adding additional carburetors, high compression heads, and dual exhausts. The suspension was often altered, and
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1230:) trophy, presented annually at the Grand National Roadster Show since 1948 (also known within the customizer community as the Oakland Roadster Show until it was moved to Southern California in 2003). This competition has produced famous and radical customs.
283:, change its aesthetics, or combine both. Some automotive enthusiasts in the United States want to push "styling and performance a step beyond the showroom floor - to truly craft an automobile of one's own." A custom car in British usage, according to
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Engine swaps are a common modification involving taking the engine from one car and putting it into another, often one that did not initially come with that engine. A few of the most common engines swapped into other vehicles include the
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paint, with aluminum glitter within candy-apple paint, appeared in the 1960s. These took many coats to produce a brilliant effect – which tended to flake off in hot climates. This process and style of paint job were invented by
837:: This style is mainly associated with sports and passenger cars with lowered suspension setups. Custom wheels with low-profile tires play a prominent role in this style and often feature aggressive sizes, offsets, and camber.
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774:: Classic cars that combine original exterior styling with modern applied technologies (such as new suspension, wheels, transmission) or modern interior features (multimedia, etc.) for comfortable everyday use.
768:: A style of hot rod and custom cars, imitating the "unfinished" appearance of some hot rods in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. "Rat style" also defines a car kept on the road despite visible heavy wear.
682:: Hydraulic or airbag suspension setups, custom paint, pinstriping, custom interior, and, typically, small diameter wire wheels. Others may look like straight restorations, aside from a low stance.
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emerging and growing. 1950s kustom car builders would often swap trim and panels from other cars, cut through the sheet metal and remove bits to make the car lower, weld it back together, and add
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Custom paint jobs play an essential role in the culture around customized cars. Builders will often use special painting techniques to produce unique finishes, including the use of candy paint,
796:: Subtly modified 1950s-1970s British Fords that are lowered, with pastel paint and 13-inch Lotus Cortina steel wheels or RS, Minilite, or Revolution mag wheels. These cars often use a tuned
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luxury sedans, and the continued popularity of highway racing. Japan also embraced
American customization styles, importing and building their muscle cars, lowriders, minitrucks, and more.
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1188:, are best known as custom painters. Several customizers have become famous beyond the automobile community, including Barris, Jeffries, and Coddington, thanks to their proximity to
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Painting has become such a part of the custom car scene that in many custom car competitions, awards for custom paint are as highly sought after as awards for the cars themselves.
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Japanese cars modified with homemade parts to look like racecars of the time; imported and modified
American and European cars; cars modified for top-speed and highway racing; and
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Starting in the early 1940s, some US car customizers began to modify cars with a stronger emphasis on looks and self-expression. This led to styles of modification such as
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industry is considered part of custom car history, as companies and individuals built custom bodies to be fitted to early cars and inspired later customizers.
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658:: Japanese style of cars typically with lowered suspension, bright paint jobs, extreme body kits, and extended exhausts, sometimes inspired by Japanese
579:: Characterized by huge wheels with low-profile tires, often with upgraded speaker setups, and sometimes custom paint, interiors, and engine upgrades.
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system, starting in the late 1910s, which affixed tracks to an ordinary car in place of the rear wheels for improved off-road traction. After
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Other notable customs exemplified a trend. One of these is the 1951 Merc built by the Barris brothers for Bob
Hirohata in 1953, known as the
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modified with more powerful engines, brakes, and a more aggressive appearance. This movement took place in
Southern California in the 1960s.
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in place of a traditional paint job. In addition to paint, individual parts of a car may also be chromed, gold plated, or engraved.
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paint. Additionally, builders will often create paint jobs with intricate designs or patterns by pinstriping, painting by hand,
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The first drag strip in the United States opened in 1950 on an airfield in
Southern California, and a year later, in 1951 the
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was formed. In the following years, more drag strips were built across the country, leading to a rise in the popularity of
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Grand
National show to have the chance to win top honors at both shows. Few cars and owners can claim this achievement.
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1348:. Even without an appearance in the film ("Runnin' Wild"), it is one of the most iconic 1950s customs. The same year,
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674:: Style primarily consisting of American cars built from the 1930s to 1960s customized in the styles of that period.
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Some customs gained attention for winning awards at shows or for their outlandish styling. Some examples include
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and other law enforcement are also considered a predecessor to the hot rod. Hot rods gained popularity after
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and "gow jobs". The "gow job" morphed into the hot rod in the 1940s to 1950s. The modified cars used in the
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1122:, Phil Cool (who won the 1978 AMBR trophy with a bright orange Deuce, cover car for the July 1978 issue of
544:: A modified classic Volkswagen intended to evoke California through bright colours, trim, and accessories.
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the body by cutting notches in the floorpan where the body touches the frame to lower the whole body.
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are then put into this space. Wheelbase maybe extended to allow more space for cargo and passengers.
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SUV with the rear cargo area, body and/or row(s) of seats chopped off, leaving only the frame. A
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were to install the most powerful engine in the lightest possible frame and body combination.
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roadster pickup), made numerous appearances in film after taking two AMBR wins in a row.
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Transparent but wildly colored candy-apple paint, applied atop a metallic undercoat, and
406:, the surplus of army Jeeps led to a growth in the popularity of off-roading as a hobby.
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27:"Modified car" redirects here. For the American oval track automobile series, see
2343:"Snow-Wheeling a Straight-Axle SEMA 2021 Ford Bronco on 40s Feels Winter Swapped"
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782:: A New Zealand Pasifika subculture where cars or bicycles are modified with
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Solid axle swap (SAS): replacing independent front suspension (IFS) with
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829:: High performance car that appears to be unmodified low performance car.
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One of the famous custom cars in the classic
American custom style, the
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Passenger vehicle that has been substantially altered in its appearance
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398:. Some of the earliest dedicated offroad vehicles were made using the
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Some of the earliest examples of modified cars were cars modified for
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One of the most coveted awards for American customizers is the AMBR (
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211:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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RĂĽnge Flyer with a hand-built aluminum body over a steel tube frame
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CHOPPED Y62 PATROL CANOPY BUILD! Graham's one-of-a-kind DREAM 4WD!
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Other custom cars became notable for appearances in film (such as
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Another example of early automobile customization were the first
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1788:"Custom car definition and meaning: Collins English Dictionary"
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2019:
Understanding customization: A case study in car customization
1412:, considered to be one of the most iconic lowriders ever built
460:
decorated trucks. The 1990s saw the rise of cars modified for
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1102:(working out of at Vintage Color Studios; winner of the 2016
300:
fitted with luxury bodywork by specialty auto body builders.
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2268:"5 Of The Most Popular Engines For Classic Car Engine Swaps"
2194:
CHOPPED 200 series Landcruiser review, Modified Episode 104
1859:
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2505:
Bishop, Mike, "The 45th Grand National Roadster Show", in
662:"Super Silhouette" racecars. Commonly associated with the
703:, such as overlanding, rock crawling, or desert racing.
2130:"The Golden Years of Japan's Car Culture: Showa Racing"
1864:
Shelton, Chris (March 2017). "Then, Now, and Forever".
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in August, and saw 54 pages of construction details in
200:
688:: Cars designed to look like certain service vehicles.
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the body to make it thinner from top to bottom, and
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425:to make the resulting form smooth. They would also
105:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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2979:The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby
1283:. Some notable custom cars have been turned into
1058:Examples of notable American customizers include
2157:Chopped and stretched Y62 Patrol | 4X4 Australia
641:: cars decorated with images of characters from
898:, and more. Some customizers will also opt for
845:: A Japanese style of customizing luxury cars.
289:, is built to the buyer's own specifications.
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536:: Cars painted or decorated to be art pieces.
8:
2406:Shelton, Chris. "Then, Now, and Forever" in
2067:Jezek, George. "The All Deuce Round-Up", in
1304:three-window {1973}, the yellow deuce from "
2236:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2176:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
527:visual influences to car modification are:
68:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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2002:(in Norwegian and English). Archived from
511:modified in the Japanese Kaido Racer style
2292:"SAS-style custom Holden Colorado review"
918:, a customizer from Northern California.
245:Learn how and when to remove this message
227:Learn how and when to remove this message
165:Learn how and when to remove this message
3452:Cabriolet / Convertible / Drophead coupe
2440:Fetherston, David, "Detroit Dreams", in
1723:. MotorBooks International. p. 10.
1572:Painted mural on the trunk of a lowrider
869:style blending from one color to another
448:among both amateurs and professionals.
292:Custom cars are not to be confused with
3798:Homogeneous charge compression ignition
1709:
1541:Volkswagen Bora sedan converted into a
1394:
1366:for Jack Stewart, starting with a 1950
2229:
2169:
1408:named "Gypsy Rose" on display in the
7:
1287:cars or other scale models, such as
699:Cars, SUVs, and trucks modified for
103:adding citations to reliable sources
1814:"Coachbuild origins of Custom Cars"
1320:, and more) or television (such as
1106:(AMBR) trophy with a custom Deuce)
603:lowered and fitted with late model
25:
3462:Coupé de Ville / Sedanca de Ville
2453:Ganahl, Pat, "The Candy Man", in
2317:"Epic stretched SAS Ford Ranger!"
1812:Hoving, Ric (November 25, 2016).
1228:America's Most Beautiful Roadster
1158:(inventor of candy apple paint),
1104:America's Most Beautiful Roadster
320:, an early form of customized car
49:This article has multiple issues.
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1985:Shelton, Chris. pages 18 and 20.
1840:"A Brief History of Hot Rodding"
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332:in the traditional hot rod style
181:
79:
38:
2341:Niculescu, Aurel (2021-11-25).
1490:The Fast and the Furious (2001)
790:for use in competitive battles.
90:needs additional citations for
57:or discuss these issues on the
4099:Template:EC car classification
1967:"The evolution of custom cars"
1488:Modified Toyota Supra used in
1:
2017:Wanberg, John Joseph (2005).
1838:Conwill, David (2020-01-23).
1198:flamed '34 three-window coupé
2154:4X4 Australia (2022-02-23).
1208:". Another Barris creation,
1196:, while Chapouris built the
442:National Hot Rod Association
4135:Automotive styling features
2266:Hevesy, Alex (2023-07-02).
1633:Electric vehicle conversion
756:: Cars built to compete in
746:: Cars built to compete in
709:(and stretched): typically
429:the roof to make it lower,
207:the claims made and adding
4156:
3788:Gasoline / petrol
3552:Roadster / Spider / Spyder
1410:Petersen Automotive Museum
1035:
948:
942:
633:: tuned Japanese vehicles.
296:automobiles, historically
286:Collins English Dictionary
26:
4084:
3928:(engine / drive)
3007:
2483:– via Google Books.
2191:Ronny Dahl (2022-08-06).
279:that has been altered to
3567:Sedan delivery/Panel van
2771:Robert Williams (artist)
2560:(retrieved 28 July 2018)
2106:"What is a Kaido Racer?"
4125:Automotive technologies
3828:Liquified petroleum gas
3640:Driverless (autonomous)
2545:, 8/89, pp. 8 & 10.
2521:, 12/86, p. 29 sidebar.
2214:4WD 24-7 (2022-03-02).
1755:The American custom car
1192:; Barris designed TV's
281:improve its performance
3733:Compressed natural gas
3660:Personal rapid transit
2253:"Popular Engine Swaps"
1818:customcarchronicle.com
1613:Automotive restoration
1264:
940:
870:
859:The Reactor (show rod)
788:public address systems
686:Military/service style
523:
512:
501:
487:
472:Styles of modification
333:
321:
268:
3999:Dual motor-four-wheel
3597:Town (Coupé de Ville)
1878:Shelton, C., page 18.
1792:collinsdictionary.com
1557:Custom interior in a
1476:with a flame paintjob
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4010:Engine configuration
3017:Transport portal
2898:Greaser (subculture)
2807:Chopper (motorcycle)
2623:at Wikimedia Commons
2410:, March 2017, p. 23.
2226:– via YouTube.
2203:– via YouTube.
2166:– via YouTube.
1996:"Stanislav Kiriletz"
1751:Ganahl, Pat (2001).
936:V8 engine swap in a
812:: Originated in the
559:: Cars modified for
550:: Cars modified for
99:improve this article
18:Vehicle modification
4016:internal combustion
3818:Internal combustion
3625:All-terrain vehicle
3547:Retractable hardtop
2792:Bobber (motorcycle)
2709:Ken Fenical (Posie)
2467:Gross, Ken (2012).
1717:Kress, Joe (2002).
1529:for off-road racing
1237:, presented at the
1082:, Darryl Starbird,
902:, vinyl decals, or
509:Nissan Skyline C210
2470:Art of the Hot Rod
1921:. 28 November 2015
1895:. 28 November 2015
1608:Adapted automobile
1545:using a custom kit
1374:made the cover of
1358:Valley Custom Shop
1302:The California Kid
1265:
1206:The California Kid
1152:Clarkaiser Customs
1132:Hollywood Hot Rods
1072:Alexander Brothers
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192:possibly contains
4140:Visual arts media
4120:Modified vehicles
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3172:Compact executive
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2998:Two-Lane Blacktop
2965:American Graffiti
2742:Jim "Jake" Jacobs
2619:Media related to
1945:autoevolution.com
1941:"Hot Rod History"
1915:"Hot Rod History"
1889:"Hot Rod History"
1628:Custom motorcycle
1523:Volkswagen Beetle
1508:RAUH-Welt BEGRIFF
1439:ACR modified for
1385:Custom Car Annual
1312:from Batman, the
1306:American Graffiti
1200:in the eponymous
1108:Harry Westergaard
1100:Darryl Hollenbeck
1092:Rad Rides by Troy
962:Chevy small block
794:South London look
396:off-road vehicles
255:
254:
247:
237:
236:
229:
194:original research
175:
174:
167:
149:
72:
16:(Redirected from
4147:
4019:
3978:Front-four-wheel
3929:
3792:direct injection
3703:Alternative fuel
3517:Multi-stop truck
3071:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3027:
3015:
3014:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2628:
2618:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2595:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2573:
2570:Rod & Custom
2567:
2561:
2552:
2546:
2543:Rod & Custom
2540:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2503:
2497:
2496:, 12/98, p. 206.
2491:
2485:
2484:
2464:
2458:
2455:Rod & Custom
2451:
2445:
2442:Rod & Custom
2438:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2411:
2404:
2398:
2395:Rod & Custom
2392:
2386:
2380:
2369:
2366:Rod & Custom
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2235:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2175:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2078:
2072:
2065:
2059:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1846:. Archived from
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1758:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1714:
1581:
1569:
1554:
1538:
1519:
1500:
1485:
1472:Customized 1985
1469:
1451:
1433:
1421:
1406:Chevrolet Impala
1401:
1368:Holiday 88 sedan
1239:Detroit Autorama
1184:Others, such as
986:Ford flathead V8
974:Cummins B Series
519:An example of a
482:Chevrolet Impala
363:, and other pre-
316:modified into a
250:
243:
232:
225:
221:
218:
212:
209:inline citations
185:
184:
177:
170:
163:
159:
156:
150:
148:
107:
83:
75:
64:
42:
41:
34:
21:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4080:
4051:Single-cylinder
4013:
4012:
4004:
3992:Rear-four-wheel
3943:Front mid-front
3927:
3926:
3918:
3896:Engine position
3890:
3837:
3823:Liquid nitrogen
3689:
3617:
3611:
3399:
3341:
3300:
3247:
3233:Crossover (CUV)
3214:
3186:
3158:
3120:
3060:
3054:
3024:
3019:
3009:
3003:
2952:
2923:Punk subculture
2908:Midnight movies
2876:
2780:
2721:Blackie Gejeian
2697:Bill Cushenbery
2660:
2655:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2576:
2568:
2564:
2553:
2549:
2541:
2537:
2533:, 12/86, p. 29.
2529:
2525:
2517:
2513:
2507:American Rodder
2504:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2452:
2448:
2439:
2435:
2427:
2423:
2419:Shelton, p. 29.
2418:
2414:
2405:
2401:
2393:
2389:
2381:
2372:
2364:
2360:
2351:
2349:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2326:
2324:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2301:
2299:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2276:
2274:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2199:
2197:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2139:
2137:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2114:
2112:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2090:
2088:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2066:
2062:
2054:, 2/78, p. 15;
2050:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2016:
2015:
2011:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1603:
1597:
1593:
1582:
1573:
1570:
1561:
1555:
1546:
1539:
1530:
1520:
1511:
1504:Porsche 993 911
1501:
1492:
1486:
1477:
1470:
1461:
1452:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1422:
1413:
1402:
1393:
1314:Pursuit Special
1248:
1246:Notable customs
1233:Another is the
1224:
1096:Boyd Coddington
1068:Bill Cushenbery
1056:
1044:
1038:Suspension lift
1034:
953:
947:
927:
876:
852:
819:Houston hip hop
607:mag wheels and
591:: A Volkswagen
474:
373:Prohibition era
367:cars made into
306:
298:rolling chassis
275:is a passenger
258:
251:
240:
239:
238:
233:
222:
216:
213:
198:
186:
182:
171:
160:
154:
151:
108:
106:
96:
84:
43:
39:
32:
29:modified racing
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4153:
4151:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4112:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4022:
4020:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3985:Mid-four-wheel
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3930:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3847:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3800:
3795:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3755:
3749:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3699:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3572:Shooting brake
3569:
3564:
3562:Saloon / Sedan
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3413:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3351:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3257:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3224:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3068:
3066:Classification
3062:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3030:
3021:
3020:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2994:
2989:
2986:Ol' Skool Rodz
2982:
2975:
2968:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2752:Dick Megugorac
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2728:
2726:Norm Grabowski
2723:
2718:
2715:
2710:
2707:
2706:Rick Dobbertin
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2687:Pete Chapouris
2684:
2679:
2674:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2658:Kustom Kulture
2656:
2654:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2611:
2610:
2596:
2580:
2579:External links
2577:
2575:
2574:
2572:, 8/89, p. 68.
2562:
2547:
2535:
2523:
2511:
2509:, 6/94, p. 27.
2498:
2486:
2479:
2473:. Motorbooks.
2459:
2457:, 7/95, p. 81.
2446:
2444:, 7/95, p. 58.
2433:
2421:
2412:
2399:
2397:, 8/89, p. 55.
2387:
2385:, 1/85, p. 56.
2370:
2368:, 8/89, p. 60.
2358:
2333:
2308:
2283:
2258:
2243:
2206:
2183:
2146:
2121:
2097:
2082:"NHRA History"
2073:
2071:, 2/78, p. 58.
2060:
2044:
2042:, 2/78, p. 64.
2032:
2009:
2006:on 2008-12-31.
2000:MIG-registeret
1987:
1978:
1958:
1932:
1906:
1880:
1871:
1853:
1850:on 2024-02-08.
1830:
1804:
1779:
1765:
1743:
1729:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1698:Virtual tuning
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1583:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1564:
1562:
1556:
1549:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1531:
1525:turned into a
1521:
1514:
1512:
1502:
1495:
1493:
1487:
1480:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1462:
1453:
1446:
1444:
1435:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1416:
1414:
1403:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1354:Clayton Jensen
1308:" {1973}, the
1247:
1244:
1223:
1220:
1179:Pete Chapouris
1088:Troy Trepanier
1055:
1052:
1033:
1030:
1026:Volkswagen VR6
943:Main article:
926:
923:
884:color shifting
875:
872:
851:
848:
847:
846:
838:
830:
822:
805:
791:
775:
769:
761:
751:
741:
727:
726:
725:
689:
683:
675:
667:
653:
634:
620:
612:
586:
580:
564:
554:
545:
537:
473:
470:
400:KĂ©gresse track
381:revenue agents
305:
302:
256:
253:
252:
235:
234:
189:
187:
180:
173:
172:
87:
85:
78:
73:
47:
46:
44:
37:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4152:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4046:Reciprocating
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3964:Rear mid-rear
3961:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3940:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3925:
3921:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3577:Station wagon
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3467:Coupé utility
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3281:Sport compact
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3192:Minivan / MPV
3189:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3051:
3046:
3044:
3039:
3037:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3018:
3013:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
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88:This article
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3886:Twelve-wheel
3843:Drive wheels
3616:Specialized
3537:Pickup truck
3442:Cabrio coach
3286:Sports sedan
3261:Grand tourer
3125:
2996:
2984:
2977:
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2963:
2943:Surf culture
2913:Pin-up girls
2811:
2776:Indian Larry
2767:Larry Watson
2731:Kenny Howard
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2365:
2361:
2350:. Retrieved
2346:
2336:
2325:. Retrieved
2323:. 2020-07-31
2320:
2311:
2300:. Retrieved
2298:. 2020-03-03
2295:
2286:
2275:. Retrieved
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2221:. Retrieved
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2198:. Retrieved
2193:
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2161:. Retrieved
2156:
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2138:. Retrieved
2136:. 2021-03-11
2133:
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2113:. Retrieved
2109:
2100:
2089:. Retrieved
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2063:
2058:1/97, p. 29.
2055:
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2018:
2012:
2004:the original
1999:
1990:
1981:
1970:. Retrieved
1961:
1949:. Retrieved
1947:. 2009-07-23
1944:
1935:
1923:. Retrieved
1919:hopupmag.com
1918:
1909:
1897:. Retrieved
1893:hopupmag.com
1892:
1883:
1874:
1865:
1848:the original
1843:
1833:
1821:. Retrieved
1817:
1807:
1795:. Retrieved
1791:
1782:
1770:. Retrieved
1754:
1746:
1734:. Retrieved
1719:
1712:
1668:Pimp My Ride
1648:Import scene
1623:Crate engine
1596:
1510:widebody kit
1381:
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1338:Knight Rider
1337:
1324:Monkeemobile
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1257:Monkeemobile
1254:
1235:Ridler Award
1232:
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1216:Ford Model A
1210:
1183:
1123:
1120:Barry Lobeck
1112:Dave Stuckey
1057:
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954:
925:Engine swaps
920:
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832:
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802:Pinto engine
793:
784:loudspeakers
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734:Porsches 356
732:: Typically
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601:Karmann Ghia
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453:World War II
451:In the post-
450:
439:
408:
404:World War II
393:
389:engine swaps
385:World War II
365:World War II
350:
335:
328:A 1923 Ford
314:Ford Model T
291:
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272:
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191:
161:
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135:
128:
121:
114:"Custom car"
109:
97:Please help
92:verification
89:
65:
58:
52:
51:Please help
48:
4130:DIY culture
4036:Four-stroke
3936:Front-front
3876:Eight-wheel
3851:Front-wheel
3783:Natural gas
3768:Fossil fuel
3723:Biogasoline
3409:Body styles
3337:Vintage car
2928:Psychobilly
2903:Lowbrow art
2733:(Von Dutch)
2665:Key figures
2621:Custom cars
2593:Cars portal
2110:Kaido Racer
1797:24 February
1772:24 February
1736:24 February
1678:Rice burner
1559:Mazda Miata
1383:Motor Trend
1167:Joe Wilhelm
1054:Customizers
982:Ford Coyote
945:Engine swap
900:vinyl wraps
888:airbrushing
779:Siren kings
748:auto racing
701:off-roading
656:Kaido Racer
651:video games
609:touring car
589:German look
552:drag racing
499:drag racing
495:Ford Escort
446:drag racing
377:bootleggers
342:off-roading
4114:Categories
4061:Two-stroke
3957:Front-rear
3950:Rear-front
3866:Four-wheel
3856:Rear-wheel
3695:Propulsion
3685:Voiturette
3670:Flying car
3665:Police car
3630:Amphibious
3542:Quad coupé
3432:Berlinetta
3149:Street rod
3091:Subcompact
2948:Surrealism
2938:Rockabilly
2812:Custom car
2797:Café racer
2713:Chip Foose
2677:Joe Bailon
2429:Rod Action
2352:2024-08-05
2327:2024-08-05
2302:2024-08-05
2277:2023-11-22
2223:2024-08-05
2200:2024-08-05
2163:2024-08-05
2140:2024-02-13
2115:2024-02-13
2091:2024-02-13
2040:Rod Action
2021:(Thesis).
1972:2016-10-11
1720:Lead Sleds
1705:References
1618:Car tuning
1592:style wrap
1437:Dodge Neon
1372:Polynesian
1363:Polynesian
1350:Neil Emory
1329:"Munsters"
1310:Batmobiles
1285:Hot Wheels
1270:Silhouette
1262:"Munsters"
1175:Chip Foose
1156:Joe Bailon
1148:Bob Kaiser
1084:Roy Brizio
1048:solid axle
1042:Axle truss
1036:See also:
1032:Suspension
978:Ford Barra
951:Car tuning
949:See also:
916:Joe Bailon
911:metalflake
880:metalflake
867:paint fade
736:, 911 and
715:full alloy
693:Off-roader
583:Euro style
419:lead sleds
369:speedsters
294:coachbuilt
273:custom car
201:improve it
125:newspapers
54:improve it
3971:Rear-rear
3881:Ten-wheel
3871:Six-wheel
3861:Two-wheel
3773:Fuel cell
3713:Biodiesel
3680:Tow truck
3655:Pedal car
3635:Connected
3607:Vis-Ă -vis
3582:Targa top
3527:Panel van
3522:Notchback
3502:Limousine
3492:Landaulet
3482:Hatchback
3427:Barchetta
3395:S-segment
3390:M-segment
3385:J-segment
3380:F-segment
3375:E-segment
3370:D-segment
3365:C-segment
3360:B-segment
3355:A-segment
3266:Hot hatch
3243:Coupe SUV
3177:Executive
3139:Lead sled
3116:Full-size
3096:Supermini
2972:CK Deluxe
2888:DIY ethic
2832:Lead sled
2758:Dean Moon
2717:Sam Foose
2702:Dick Dean
2272:SlashGear
2027:305027217
1823:August 9,
1658:Lead sled
1638:Hot hatch
1387:in 1954.
1327:from the
1280:Mysterion
1260:from the
1194:Batmobile
1190:Hollywood
1186:Von Dutch
1164:Rick Dore
1144:Ron Clark
1128:Troy Ladd
1080:Gil Ayala
1018:Toyota UZ
1014:Toyota JZ
1010:Subaru EJ
1006:Nissan SR
1002:Nissan RB
998:Mazda 13B
904:plastidip
896:gold leaf
842:VIP style
798:Ford Kent
754:Rally car
557:Drift car
466:VIP style
411:lowriders
379:to evade
318:speedster
205:verifying
155:July 2008
60:talk page
4094:Category
4071:W engine
4056:Straight
3813:Hydrogen
3778:Fuel gas
3743:Electric
3618:vehicles
3557:Runabout
3507:Microvan
3497:Liftback
3487:Kammback
3472:Fastback
3447:Cab over
3437:Brougham
3182:Personal
3154:T-bucket
3144:Lowrider
3111:Mid-size
2992:Rat Fink
2893:Futurism
2867:Volksrod
2857:T-bucket
2852:Show car
2847:Rat bike
2837:Lowrider
2802:Cal Look
2785:Vehicles
2321:WhichCar
2296:WhichCar
2134:sabukaru
2023:ProQuest
1844:Hemmings
1663:Lowrider
1601:See also
1588:with an
1527:Baja Bug
1459:drifting
1300:{1958},
1298:Ala Kart
1211:Ala Kart
1202:telefilm
1022:Toyota S
966:Chevy LS
850:Features
772:Restomod
744:Race car
679:Lowrider
664:BĹŤsĹŤzoku
576:Hi-Riser
561:drifting
548:Drag car
541:Cal look
462:drifting
458:Dekotora
361:Model As
352:Hot rods
330:T-bucket
4066:V (Vee)
4041:H-block
3807:plug-in
3805: (
3790: (
3760: (
3758:Ethanol
3747:battery
3745: (
3718:Biofuel
3708:Autogas
3675:Taxicab
3650:Gyrocar
3645:Go-kart
3592:Touring
3587:Torpedo
3532:Phaeton
3512:Minibus
3477:Hardtop
3322:Economy
3317:Classic
3312:Antique
3296:Go-kart
3228:Compact
3205:Leisure
3200:Compact
3134:Hot rod
3106:Compact
3074:By size
2933:Raggare
2918:Pop art
2881:Culture
2842:Rat rod
2822:Hot rod
2817:Cutdown
2763:Ed Roth
2754:(Magoo)
2737:Bo Huff
2531:Hot Rod
2519:Hot Rod
2408:Hot Rod
1866:Hot Rod
1759:. MBI.
1673:Rat rod
1643:Hot rod
1586:Mazda 3
1506:with a
1391:Gallery
1377:Hot Rod
1318:Mad Max
1275:Ed Roth
1214:(a '29
1171:"Magoo"
1140:"Posie"
1124:Hot Rod
1076:Bo Huff
994:Honda K
990:Honda B
958:BMW M54
834:Stanced
826:Sleeper
814:Houston
765:Rat rod
758:rallies
707:Chopped
660:Group 5
616:Hot rod
605:Porsche
533:Art car
521:rat rod
485:Art car
435:channel
431:section
415:kustoms
344:. The
304:History
277:vehicle
199:Please
139:scholar
4089:Portal
4076:Wankel
4001:
3997:
3994:
3990:
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3983:
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3973:
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3962:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3945:
3941:
3938:
3924:Layout
3803:Hybrid
3738:Diesel
3728:Biogas
3422:Baquet
3271:Muscle
3253:Sports
3164:Luxury
3126:Custom
3101:Family
3059:design
2872:Woodie
2558:online
2477:
2025:
1951:13 May
1925:13 May
1899:13 May
1763:
1727:
1653:Kustom
1590:Itasha
1441:racing
1360:built
1331:, and
1222:Awards
1177:, and
1070:, the
1024:, and
882:, and
821:music.
730:Outlaw
722:canopy
671:Kustom
638:Itasha
624:Import
597:Type 3
593:Type 1
338:racing
141:
134:
127:
120:
112:
4026:Boxer
3904:Front
3833:Steam
3602:T-top
3457:Coupe
3305:Other
3291:Super
3081:Micro
2957:Media
2862:Tuner
1693:Tuner
1404:1964
1335:from
1316:from
874:Paint
865:with
649:, or
647:manga
643:anime
599:, or
480:1959
312:1916
146:JSTOR
132:books
4031:Flat
3914:Rear
3276:Pony
3238:Mini
3210:Mini
2692:Coop
2475:ISBN
2238:link
2178:link
2086:NHRA
1953:2018
1927:2018
1901:2018
1825:2024
1799:2019
1774:2019
1761:ISBN
1738:2019
1725:ISBN
1352:and
1341:).
1333:KITT
1322:The
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