31:
243:(made automatic) subject to a heavy reliance on artificial aids in their environment, such as magnetic strips. Autonomous control implies satisfactory performance under significant uncertainties in the environment, and the ability to compensate for system failures without external intervention.
601:
1402:
Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020).
862:
improved by narrow, high pressure tires with narrow, large radius, steel/titanium alloy wheels on steel/concrete. Best available examples are
Railroad steel wheels on steel rails.
1615:
982:
1658:
1324:
1599:
609:
Noise from traffic, is considered by the World Health
Organization to be one of the worst environmental stressors for humans, second only to
1688:
1276:
953:
666:
48:
20:
114:
655:
rates and aggression and other anti-social behaviors. The most significant sources are vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to
1676:
Accident Report NTSB/RAR-16/02, PB2016-103218: Derailment of Amtrak
Passenger Train 188, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, May 12, 2015
95:
274:
67:
1270:
52:
1035:
it is improved by using more inert air for propulsion (i.e. lower exhaust velocity), in rockets, higher exhaust velocity
977:
it is improved by using more inert air for propulsion (i.e. lower exhaust velocity), in rockets, higher exhaust velocity
74:
431:
326:
1486:"Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"
799:
who need to intercept or evade other fighters. In civilian aircraft this denotes how quickly they can reach optimal
1104:
Refers to the overall maximum torque an engine can produce, or the maximum torque an engine can produce at a given
343:
lower is better for moving into/through a fluid(air/water), higher is better for stopping/redirecting with a fluid
81:
1404:"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"
41:
1290:
770:
For rockets and aircraft, percent of the energy contained in a vehicle's propellant converted into useful energy
593:
1222:
717:
or whp) that matters when it comes to acceleration performance. Wheel horsepower equals brake horsepower minus
63:
1622:
701:
Refers to maximum power (high torque and speed). The rate at which torque is applied. Also the rate at which
1675:
1339:
1210:
946:
630:
508:
503:
867:
750:
726:
1249:
Ultimately limited by the hardness of the road surface and legal limits intended to limit damage to it
1066:
Electronically limited in some cars for safety (mostly due to concerns of tire failure at high speed)
1068:
A speed greater than the legal maximum/recommended speed limit can be considered as useless/unsafe.
1357:
1344:
1243:
1195:
1185:
1085:
1079:
1053:
618:
597:
1554:
832:
622:
537:
88:
1727:
1639:
1595:
1572:
1515:
1466:
1425:
916:
890:
800:
638:
401:
397:
1420:
1403:
1732:
1562:
1546:
1505:
1497:
1456:
1415:
1382:
1349:
1261:
1242:
lower is better for road and vehicle performance and taxation; larger is usually better for
1184:
lower is better for road and vehicle performance and taxation; larger is usually better for
1178:
1007:
796:
614:
530:
442:
436:
393:
375:
248:
1592:
The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health
662:
There are approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise in the
European Union.
498:
319:
higher rating is better for vehicle longevity; lower elapsed is better for vehicle resale
665:
A loss in situational awareness has led to many transportation disasters, including the
1567:
1534:
1510:
1485:
1281:
1125:
1048:
1043:
702:
239:
means self-governing. Many historical projects related to vehicle automation have been
1712:
1721:
1117:
850:
844:
838:
775:
652:
642:
610:
513:
368:
362:
356:
160:
1621:. Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp. 188–189. Archived from
1273: – Discussing what form of transport is the most fuel efficient and economical.
127:
There are a broad range of metrics that denote the relative capabilities of various
1096:
1091:
881:
675:
651:
Stress from time spent around elevated noise levels has been linked with increased
646:
626:
389:
175:
915:
lower is better for parking on narrow parking slots, higher is better for lateral
709:/ 5252. Automobile manufacturers publish power measured at the crankshaft (bhp or
1002:
for shaft engines less fuel use for a given output power means higher efficiency
1443:
Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018).
1299:
1293: – Legal requirements governing air pollutants released into the atmosphere
1236:
1135:
1130:
886:
lower permits quicker turn-in for cars, higher is more stable in straight line.
808:
30:
1461:
1444:
1032:
974:
925:
718:
714:
710:
685:
680:
656:
517:
382:
634:
574:
559:
288:
1576:
1550:
1519:
1470:
1429:
526:
lower is better in soft ground, reduces bogging; higher with loose surface
1165:
1113:
589:
350:
302:
213:
1558:
1501:
1022:
555:
463:
227:
200:
128:
1353:
1155:
1140:
1074:
262:
131:. Most of them apply to all vehicles while others are type-specific.
1109:
1058:
570:
454:
greater is better (mpg and km/L), lower is better (L/100 km)
16:
Metrics that denote the relative capabilities of various vehicles
1169:
898:
690:
1678:, National Transportation Safety Board (adopted May 17, 2016).
1105:
706:
24:
713:). However, it is the power a car can produce at the wheels (
1215:
close to 50:50 (%Front:%Rear) is commonly considered better
457:
must be specified on new vehicles for sale in the US and UK
1659:"Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"
1484:
Kerns E, Masterson EA, Themann CL, Calvert GM (June 2018).
1323:
Antsaklis, Panos J.; Passino, Kevin M.; Wang, S.J. (1991).
1318:
1316:
1295:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1286:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1266:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1112:
to the end of 1 foot long wrench, or twisting a 2-inch
1108:. 300 lbf·ft would be like applying 300 pounds of
426:
if area is too small, vehicle becomes difficult to use
721:
losses, which can be anywhere from about 10% to 25%.
493:
measures cornering, braking or forward acceleration
1445:"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"
55:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
825:Too many variables to state a general preference.
1181:, traction, fuel consumption, road and tyre wear
388:improved by lubricated drivetrain, dry and clean
1533:Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000).
1325:"An Introduction to Autonomous Control Systems"
1284: – Determination of the number of vehicles
1449:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
649:have been also attributed to noise exposure.
8:
1302: – How accessible a space is to walking
856:economics, top speed, range, cargo capacity
420:economics, top speed, range, cargo capacity
562:; lower is better for stopping/redirecting
1566:
1509:
1460:
1419:
1343:
115:Learn how and when to remove this message
1421:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400
983:Specific fuel consumption (shaft engine)
378:, traction, fuel consumption, tyre wear
208:formerly common in British publications
133:
1490:American Journal of Industrial Medicine
1312:
970:lower is better (for any given speed)
7:
1059:Maximum rate of straight line travel
385:), higher is better on static parts
53:adding citations to reliable sources
1383:"Whole-body and hand-arm vibration"
1264: – Bicycling as transportation
893:about a vertical axis of a vehicle
1535:"Noise exposure and public health"
1277:Environmental effects of transport
954:Specific fuel consumption (thrust)
835:or Rolling resistance coefficient
667:2015 Philadelphia train derailment
21:Motorcycle testing and measurement
14:
1539:Environmental Health Perspectives
381:lower is better on kinetic parts(
1689:"Drivetrain losses (efficiency)"
1665:– via www.theguardian.com.
789:combat effectiveness, economics
29:
565:improved by narrow, long wings
487:acceleration, braking (safety)
275:Brake specific fuel consumption
40:needs additional citations for
1408:Annual Review of Public Health
1271:Energy efficiency in transport
1:
1332:IEEE Control Systems Magazine
340:economics, top speed, range
1644:European Environment Agency
1028:higher is typically better
945:for vehicles equipped with
408:Frontal cross-section area
230:, safety, economics, range
1749:
1594:. Boston: Academic Press.
1462:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015
705:is done. Power = Torque ×
18:
1291:Vehicle emission standard
490:higher is usually better
1657:Godwin R (3 July 2018).
1223:Gross axle weight rating
1209:handling, acceleration,
659:, and industrial noise.
353:or Friction coefficient
964:kg/(kgf·h) or g/(kN·s)
947:automatic transmissions
448:l/100 km and km/L
187:0 to 100 to 0 mph
1713:Car Performance Meters
1640:"Noise in Europe 2014"
1551:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123
631:ischemic heart disease
529:has greater impact on
1628:on November 14, 2011.
1158:, mass or Dry weight
751:Propulsive efficiency
727:Power-to-weight ratio
554:higher is better for
1244:large goods vehicles
1186:large goods vehicles
875:psi (lb·sq ft)
872:psi (lb·sq ft)
49:improve this article
1545:(Suppl 1): 123–31.
1196:Weight distribution
1018:seconds or kN·s/kg
619:environmental noise
163:(0 to 60 mph)
152:General preference
64:"Vehicular metrics"
1590:Kryter KD (1994).
1502:10.1002/ajim.22833
833:Rolling resistance
653:workplace accident
623:hearing impairment
538:Lift to drag ratio
267:shorter is better
1601:978-0-12-427455-6
1253:
1252:
1101:higher is better
1063:higher is better
996:economics, range
967:economics, range
917:Traffic collision
912:handling, safety
891:moment of inertia
801:cruising altitude
792:higher is better
767:higher is better
764:economics, range
743:higher is better
698:higher is better
641:. Changes in the
639:sleep disturbance
551:economics, range
531:off-road vehicles
451:economics, range
402:skid (automobile)
398:road slipperiness
233:higher is better
199:acceleration and
125:
124:
117:
99:
1740:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1691:. X-Engineer.org
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1389:
1379:
1373:
1372:
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1368:
1362:
1356:. Archived from
1354:10.1109/37.88585
1347:
1329:
1320:
1296:
1287:
1267:
1262:Cycling mobility
1179:braking distance
1148:lower is better
1116:shaft with 3600
1031:in airbreathing
1008:specific impulse
999:lower is better
973:in airbreathing
942:lower is better
859:lower is better
797:fighter aircraft
715:wheel horsepower
711:brake horsepower
606:lower is better
423:lower is better
394:adhesion railway
376:braking distance
327:Drag coefficient
294:lower is better
249:Braking distance
205:lower is better
180:lower is better
134:
120:
113:
109:
106:
100:
98:
57:
33:
25:
1748:
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1322:
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1314:
1309:
1294:
1285:
1265:
1258:
1246:carrying loads
1188:carrying loads
1118:pounds of force
499:Ground pressure
143:Imperial unit
121:
110:
104:
101:
58:
56:
46:
34:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1746:
1744:
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1708:
1707:External links
1705:
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1631:
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1600:
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1525:
1496:(6): 477–491.
1476:
1455:(6): 688–697.
1435:
1394:
1374:
1363:on 16 May 2017
1345:10.1.1.840.976
1311:
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1282:Traffic survey
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1177:acceleration,
1175:
1172:
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1159:
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1149:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1126:Turning radius
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140:American unit
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939:acceleration
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869:
868:Second moment
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695:acceleration
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647:birth defects
644:
643:immune system
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612:
611:air pollution
608:
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38:This article
36:
32:
27:
26:
22:
1693:. Retrieved
1683:
1671:
1663:The Guardian
1662:
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1634:
1623:the original
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1386:. Retrieved
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1365:. Retrieved
1358:the original
1335:
1331:
1239:, economics
1097:acceleration
1067:
664:
661:
650:
627:hypertension
625:, tinnitus,
481:
475:
469:
432:Fuel economy
390:road surface
240:
236:
176:acceleration
146:Metric unit
137:Measurement
126:
111:
102:
92:
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78:
71:
59:
47:Please help
42:verification
39:
1616:"10. Noise"
1414:: 309–328.
1338:(4): 5–13.
1300:Walkability
1033:jet engines
1021:economics,
975:jet engines
961:lb/(lbf·h)
958:lb/(lbf·h)
853:or (ratio)
847:or (ratio)
841:or (ratio)
809:Roll center
795:Applies to
786:meters/min
613:. Elevated
516:(sometimes
445:(imperial)
414:sq ft
411:sq ft
396:, reducing
371:or (ratio)
365:or (ratio)
359:or (ratio)
313:kilometers
224:kilometers
1722:Categories
1695:2019-01-01
1388:2022-08-09
1367:21 January
1307:References
1237:durability
1040:Top speed
993:kg/(kW·h)
990:lb/(hp·h)
987:lb/(hp·h)
926:Shift time
719:drivetrain
657:loud music
621:can cause
600:(safety),
383:drivetrain
282:lb/(hp·h)
279:lb/(hp·h)
237:Autonomous
105:March 2007
75:newspapers
19:See also:
1340:CiteSeerX
1166:long tons
1145:handling
1088:or lb·ft
1082:or lb·ft
822:handling
783:feet/min
780:feet/min
635:annoyance
615:workplace
602:Insurance
598:awareness
588:comfort,
575:Vibration
560:hydrofoil
523:traction
301:traveled
289:economics
285:g/(kW·h)
241:automated
1728:Vehicles
1577:10698728
1520:29537072
1471:29420965
1430:31922930
1256:See also
1233:kg/axle
1230:lb/axle
1227:lb/axle
1211:traction
1114:diameter
1015:seconds
1012:seconds
882:handling
548:(ratio)
545:(ratio)
542:(ratio)
478:or ft/s
472:or ft/s
462:Maximum
351:Friction
337:(ratio)
334:(ratio)
331:(ratio)
316:economy
303:Distance
291:, range
214:Autonomy
196:seconds
193:seconds
190:seconds
172:seconds
169:seconds
166:seconds
149:Affects
129:vehicles
1733:Metrics
1568:1637786
1559:3454637
1511:6897488
1025:/range
1023:delta-v
909:meters
816:inches
813:inches
556:airfoil
514:pascals
484:or m/s
464:g-force
259:meters
228:comfort
201:braking
89:scholar
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1156:Weight
1141:meters
1086:lbf·ft
1080:lbf·ft
1075:Torque
734:hp/lb
731:hp/lb
637:, and
594:health
590:stress
310:miles
307:miles
263:safety
221:miles
218:miles
155:Notes
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1626:(PDF)
1619:(PDF)
1555:JSTOR
1361:(PDF)
1328:(PDF)
1110:force
930:mSec
906:feet
903:feet
878:kg·m
737:W/kg
676:Power
571:Noise
439:(US)
256:feet
253:feet
96:JSTOR
82:books
1596:ISBN
1573:PMID
1516:PMID
1467:PMID
1426:PMID
1369:2019
1164:lb,
1136:feet
1131:feet
1054:km/h
899:Size
889:The
703:work
645:and
466:(s)
68:news
1563:PMC
1547:doi
1543:108
1506:PMC
1498:doi
1457:doi
1416:doi
1350:doi
1174:kg
1170:cwt
1161:lb
1106:RPM
1092:N·m
1049:mph
1044:mph
936:ms
933:ms
845:lbf
839:lbf
819:mm
707:RPM
617:or
585:dB
582:dB
579:dB
518:bar
509:psi
504:psi
443:mpg
437:mpg
363:lbf
357:lbf
51:by
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1334:.
1330:.
1315:^
1206:%
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1168:,
1120:!
803:.
761:%
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691:kW
686:hp
681:hp
669:.
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417:m
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482:g
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