111:
132:
1943:
696:
423:
2246:
620:. By this time it had been encased in a collar of "fibrenyle" packaging (a type of plastic) to give strength to and preserve the very fragile fossil. Features revealed during Waterston's second examination of the fossil in 1968 made it clear that the eurypterid was not congeneric with known species of
955:
footprints discovered in
Scotland have demonstrated that hibbertopterids would have been able to walk on land for at least short periods of time. The tracks discovered indicate that they would have utilized a lumbering, jerking and dragging movement and that the keeled belly and the telson left a
519:
being present near the posterior borders of the plates. In the middle of the tergites, the ornamentation is more pronounced than at their borders, taking the form of semi-lunar (almost moon-shaped) scales. Further back on the eurypterids' body, these scales change into larger scales grouped into
935:
were sweep-feeders, having modified spines on their forward-facing prosomal appendages that allowed them to rake through the substrate of their living environments. Though sweep-feeding was used as a strategy by many genera within the
956:
central groove behind. Some studies suggest that eurypterids possessed a dual respiratory system (capable of breathing in both air and underwater), which would have allowed for this kind of occasional terrestrial movement.
783:
By comparing the ornamentation of various hibbertopterids in 2019, American geologist Emily Hughes could conclude that several genera were actually congeneric, subsuming some previously recognized hibbertopterids (such as
496:(exoskeleton covering the head) was large and broad (similar to the rest of the body) with appendages developed to sweep-feeding, a technique involving blade-like adaptations to search for food in the
643:(the posteriormost division of the body, often taking the shape of a tail spike) could not be made as those portions of the body were unknown. Waterston created a new genus to contain the species,
761:, the more posterior tergites of the abdomen possessing tongue-shaped scales near their edges and there being lobes positioned posterolaterally (posteriorly on both sides) on the prosoma.
1157:"Redescription of Drepanopterus pentlandicus Laurie, 1892, the earliest known mycteropoid (Chelicerata: Eurypterida) from the early Silurian (Llandovery) of the Pentland Hills, Scotland"
647:, with the name deriving from the location where the fossil had been found, Mount Vernon. Waterston referred the new genus to the family "Woodwardopteridae" (now referred to as the
757:
sword) telson with paired keels on the ventral side, ornamentation consisting of scales or other similar structures on the exoskeleton, the fourth pair of appendages possessing
772:
makes it clear that both genera represent hibbertopterid eurypterids, but the incomplete nature of all fossil specimens referred to them make any further study of the precise
687:
in 1968. Modern researchers classify the genus within the
Hibbertopteridae instead, sometimes noting that its position is somewhat uncertain due to its fragmentary nature.
1413:"A new haplolepid fauna (Osteichthyes: Actinopterygii) from the Lower Coal Measures of Scotland: Westphalian A; Langsettian, Carbonicola communis chronozone (Bashkirian)"
1483:
1350:
Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2015. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. In World Spider
Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at
1318:
940:, it was most developed within the hibbertopterids, which possessed blades on the second, third and fourth pair of appendages. Some species of the closely related
453:
remains attributed to the eurypterid suggests that it was a large and broad-bodied animal that probably measured around 50 centimetres (19.7 inches) in length.
596:. Peach's description has been criticized by later researchers as inadequate and in some ways misleading. Peach considered the fossil's horizon to prove that
2352:
1475:
2296:
1368:
Elliott, Francis M. (2018). "An early actinopterygian ichthyofauna from the
Scottish Lower Coal Measures Formation: Westphalian A (Bashkirian)".
568:
with the specimen number 1957.1.4992, consists of a series of fragmentary tergites. It wasn't described scientifically until 1905, when
British
2022:
2012:
1534:
610:
The specimen was given a more complete description by
British geologist Charles D. Waterston in 1957, who instead referred it to the genus
1275:
Waterston, Charles D.; Størmer, Leif (1968). "IV. Cyrtoctenus gen. nov., a large late
Palaeozoic Arthropod with pectinate Appendages*".
1118:
2337:
1974:
1989:
476:) tend to become more and more trilobate (shaped so that they almost have three distinct lobes), in the middle of the tergites the
1251:
2233:
2017:
1959:
970:
2347:
2007:
1997:
1951:
1252:"Page:A Revision of the Families and Genera of the Stylonuracea (Eurypterida).djvu/31 - Wikisource, the free online library"
1214:"I. Note on a Specimen of "Glyptoscorpius" from the Coal Measures of Airdrie, the property of Robert Dunlop, of Baillieston"
520:
large longitudinal ridges. On the borders of the later tergites, these large scales protrude and form structures similar to
1969:
1964:
1326:
747:
The hibbertopterids are united as a group by being large mycteropoids with broad prosomas, a hastate (e.g. shaped like a
2002:
1979:
131:
565:
553:
321:
1635:
1527:
965:
484:) form a series of tracts that almost morph into three ridges. Due to the tergites being the only known parts of
1500:
780:
itself, though the highly incomplete nature of their remains again makes that hypothesis impossible to confirm.
1044:"Cope's rule and Romer's theory: patterns of diversity and gigantism in eurypterids and Palaeozoic vertebrates"
1942:
501:
456:
Although limited in number by the fragmentary nature of the fossil remains, some distinguishing features of
399:
2264:
720:
469:
345:
1450:
2309:
549:
317:
253:
110:
1199:
Discerning the Diets of Sweep-Feeding
Eurypterids Through Analyses of Mesh-Modified Appendage Armature
876:
635:
had very clearly been a broad-bodied and large eurypterid, although any detailed statements about the
2342:
2249:
1520:
1091:
890:
836:
528:
into axial (spine) and pleural (ribs) parts, which differentiates it from all other hibbertopterids.
305:
996:
Waterston, Charles D. (1968). "I.—Further
Observations on the Scottish Carboniferous Eurypterids*".
905:
861:
394:
developed for sweep-feeding, a technique involving blade-like adaptations to search for food in the
1319:"Fossilworks - Hermenegilde Shaft, XII Jaklowetzer seam, Ostrava (Carboniferous of Czech Republic)"
883:
843:
808:
497:
477:
461:
395:
357:
316:. The name of the genus derives from the location where the only known fossil has been discovered,
30:
912:
849:
776:
relationships within the
Hibbertopteridae difficult. Both genera could even represent synonyms of
1432:
1393:
1300:
1233:
1176:
1137:
1021:
854:
126:
2314:
811:
age in modern-day Lanarkshire, Scotland. Though they probably would not have been prey items to
1838:
1771:
1763:
1385:
1292:
1083:
1065:
1013:
607:
refers to the ornamentation that covers the entirety of the preserved portions of the animal.
2178:
1892:
1884:
1874:
1866:
1846:
1817:
1733:
1682:
1492:
1424:
1377:
1284:
1225:
1168:
1127:
1073:
1057:
1005:
706:
438:
435:
375:
372:
212:
1355:
2207:
2053:
1910:
1851:
1807:
1710:
1697:
1048:
758:
732:
516:
386:
361:
1114:"The systematics and phylogeny of the Stylonurina (Arthropoda: Chelicerata: Eurypterida)"
951:
Though they would have been slow owing to their massive size and robust form, studies on
719:
is classified as part of the family Hibbertopteridae, a family of eurypterids within the
684:
695:
2123:
2081:
2039:
1902:
1829:
1789:
1781:
1705:
1078:
816:
701:
676:
659:
631:(eurypterids that possessed swimming paddles) at all. Instead, Waterston inferred that
588:
380:
449:
is assumed to have been overall similar to the other members of the family. The scant
2331:
2130:
2102:
2095:
2067:
2046:
1799:
1738:
1728:
1720:
1674:
1664:
1656:
1612:
1576:
1436:
1412:
1397:
1304:
1237:
1156:
1025:
821:
741:
723:
648:
545:
489:
488:, next to nothing can be said about other parts of its body such as the head and the
391:
309:
199:
68:
1180:
1141:
1043:
2088:
1920:
1856:
1812:
1687:
773:
754:
601:
422:
667:, but he noted that this classification was not certain. Similarities between the
2287:
1496:
2185:
2162:
2060:
1754:
1647:
1585:
1567:
937:
925:
625:
557:
521:
481:
325:
173:
43:
1202:. West Virginia University Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports.
1198:
948:(shafts) that were able to entrap small prey and other organic food particles.
414:
would have been small, reaching lengths of about 50 centimetres (19.7 inches).
2151:
2137:
2116:
2109:
2074:
1915:
1603:
1594:
1543:
1428:
1417:
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
1381:
1370:
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
1288:
1277:
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
1172:
1161:
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
1132:
1113:
1009:
998:
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
709:
612:
442:
289:
186:
88:
53:
1389:
1296:
1229:
1069:
1017:
492:(limbs). They are likely to have resembled those of its relatives, where the
390:. The hibbertopterids were large eurypterids with broad heads and bodies and
2228:
2212:
2202:
1561:
572:
569:
293:
163:
143:
93:
37:
1087:
1061:
2281:
2171:
2144:
922:
628:
561:
537:
493:
465:
341:
313:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
2301:
749:
636:
576:
508:
473:
349:
329:
98:
73:
600:
was a land animal since it was preserved alongside plant fossils. The
1555:
945:
640:
450:
297:
153:
2258:
1213:
364:
that covers the entirety of the preserved parts of the eurypterid.
694:
580:
421:
285:
1476:"Distribution and dispersal history of Eurypterida (Chelicerata)"
1112:
James C. Lamsdell, Simon J. Braddy & O. Erik Tetlie (2010).
371:, it is likely to have been similar to its relatives within the
367:
Although little can confidently be said about the appearance of
2262:
1516:
1512:
819:
are known from Lanarkshire as well, including species such as
663:
by Cuban paleontolgost Erik N. Kjellesvig-Waering in 1966 as
1356:
http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/resources/fossils/Fossils16.0.pdf
848:. Out of this actinopterygian diversity, there are many
515:
were granulated finely (had a rough surface) with small
683:) were noted by Waterston and Norwegian paleontologist
1351:
2271:
2221:
2195:
2161:
2031:
1988:
1950:
1901:
1883:
1865:
1837:
1826:
1798:
1780:
1762:
1751:
1719:
1696:
1673:
1655:
1644:
1628:
1621:
564:in 1884. The fossil, at the present stored at the
1484:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1218:Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow
524:. The longitudinal ridges divide the tergites of
575:described the specimen and assigned it to a new
792:. She noted that the distinct ornamentation of
460:have been established. In particular, the more
1528:
1042:Lamsdell, James C.; Braddy, Simon J. (2009).
8:
852:, a small and basal group, known, including
586:(a name today recognized as synonymous with
2259:
1834:
1759:
1652:
1625:
1535:
1521:
1513:
651:), but no particular reasoning was given.
109:
20:
1131:
1077:
981:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1451:"Giant Water Scorpion Walked on Land"
1346:
1344:
921:and these fish would have lived in a
7:
1192:
1190:
1037:
1035:
991:
989:
987:
985:
1119:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
671:specimen and specimens referred to
2353:Carboniferous arthropods of Europe
815:, a diverse contemporary fauna of
796:supported it as a distinct genus.
736:. The genus contains one species;
548:Robert Dunlop in coal measures at
340:, based on fragmentary fossilized
14:
480:(something typical of eurypterid
2245:
2244:
1941:
130:
2234:Timeline of eurypterid research
971:Timeline of eurypterid research
699:Reconstruction of the related
434:Classified as a member of the
1:
292:, a group of extinct aquatic
1497:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.05.011
266:Vernonopterus minutisculptus
1212:Peach, B. N. (1907-01-01).
639:(head), appendages and the
540:and only known specimen of
464:(further towards the back)
16:Extinct genus of arthropods
2369:
944:had specialized comb-like
744:of Lanarkshire, Scotland.
705:, a more completely known
2338:Carboniferous eurypterids
2242:
1939:
1636:List of eurypterid genera
1550:
1429:10.1017/S1755691015000067
1411:Elliott, Francis (2015).
1382:10.1017/S1755691018000051
1289:10.1017/S0080456800014563
1173:10.1017/S1755691012000072
1133:10.1080/14772011003603564
1010:10.1017/S0080456800014472
966:List of eurypterid genera
472:on the upper side of the
348:on the upper side of the
259:
252:
127:Scientific classification
125:
117:
108:
23:
1230:10.1144/transglas.13.1.1
1155:Lamsdell, James (2012).
931:Hibbertopterids such as
544:was discovered by local
304:have been discovered in
726:, alongside the genera
675:(today recognized as a
1196:Hughes, Emily (2019).
1062:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0700
713:
431:
426:The estimated size of
245:V. minutisculptus
2348:Eurypterids of Europe
2310:Paleobiology Database
1092:Supplemental material
698:
566:Royal Scottish Museum
425:
328:, Scotland. A single
817:actinopterygian fish
532:History of research
430:compared to a human
402:. Compared to both
352:. The species name
1764:Onychopterelloidea
1474:Tetlie OE (2007).
1352:http://wsc.nmbe.ch
714:
624:, nor part of the
432:
2325:
2324:
2265:Taxon identifiers
2256:
2255:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1885:Adelophthalmoidea
1867:Waeringopteroidea
1839:Carcinosomatoidea
1772:Onychopterellidae
1747:
1746:
1256:en.wikisource.org
850:haplolepid fishes
807:lived during the
738:V. minutisculptus
665:H. minutisculptus
633:E. minutisculptus
618:E. minutisculptus
594:G. minutisculptus
428:V. minutisculptus
338:V. minutisculptus
277:
276:
233:
120:V. minutisculptus
118:Type specimen of
2360:
2318:
2317:
2305:
2304:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2260:
2248:
2247:
2222:Related articles
2179:Merostomichnites
1945:
1893:Adelophthalmidae
1875:Waeringopteridae
1847:Carcinosomatidae
1835:
1818:Strobilopteridae
1760:
1734:Hibbertopteridae
1683:Parastylonuridae
1653:
1626:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1499:. Archived from
1491:(3–4): 557–574.
1480:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1365:
1359:
1348:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1329:on 15 March 2023
1325:. Archived from
1315:
1309:
1308:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1209:
1203:
1194:
1185:
1184:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1135:
1109:
1096:
1095:
1081:
1039:
1030:
1029:
993:
877:Braccohaplolepis
764:The features of
657:was assigned to
268:
264:
231:
224:
213:Hibbertopteridae
211:
198:
185:
135:
134:
113:
103:
40:
29:Temporal range:
21:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2313:
2308:
2300:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2267:
2257:
2252:
2238:
2217:
2208:Chasmataspidida
2191:
2157:
2054:Campylocephalus
2027:
1984:
1946:
1925:
1911:Hughmilleriidae
1897:
1879:
1861:
1852:Megalograptidae
1828:
1822:
1808:Dolichopteridae
1794:
1782:Moselopteroidea
1776:
1753:
1743:
1729:Drepanopteridae
1715:
1711:Hardieopteridae
1698:Kokomopteroidea
1692:
1669:
1646:
1640:
1617:
1546:
1541:
1511:
1503:
1478:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1459:
1457:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1354:, version 16.0
1349:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1323:fossilworks.org
1317:
1316:
1312:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1260:
1258:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1195:
1188:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1111:
1110:
1099:
1049:Biology Letters
1041:
1040:
1033:
995:
994:
983:
979:
962:
891:Protohaplolepis
837:Pseudogonatodus
802:
766:Campylocephalus
733:Campylocephalus
693:
534:
420:
408:Campylocephalus
387:Campylocephalus
336:is recognized,
273:
270:
262:
261:
248:
232:Waterston, 1968
230:
222:
209:
196:
183:
129:
104:
102:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
35:
34:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2366:
2364:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2330:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2306:
2293:
2277:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2254:
2253:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2196:Related groups
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2167:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2124:Onychopterella
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2082:Hibbertopterus
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2040:Adelophthalmus
2035:
2033:
2032:Notable genera
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1903:Pterygotioidea
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1832:
1830:Diploperculata
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1804:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1790:Moselopteridae
1786:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1757:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1706:Kokomopteridae
1702:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1661:
1659:
1657:Rhenopteroidea
1650:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1579:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1517:
1510:
1509:
1506:on 2011-07-18.
1466:
1442:
1423:(3): 207–225.
1403:
1376:(4): 351–394.
1360:
1340:
1310:
1267:
1243:
1204:
1186:
1147:
1097:
1056:(2): 265–269.
1031:
980:
978:
975:
974:
973:
968:
961:
958:
953:Hibbertopterus
942:Hibbertopterus
906:Pyritocephalus
862:Parahaplolepis
828:R. glabrolepis
824:ornatocephalum
801:
798:
790:Hibbertopterus
778:Hibbertopterus
728:Hibbertopterus
707:hibbertopterid
702:Hibbertopterus
692:
691:Classification
689:
681:Hibbertopterus
677:junior synonym
660:Hibbertopterus
605:minutisculptus
598:Glyptoscorpius
589:Adelophthalmus
584:Glyptoscorpius
533:
530:
500:of its living
436:hibbertopterid
419:
416:
404:Hibbertopterus
398:of its living
381:Hibbertopterus
373:hibbertopterid
356:refers to the
354:minutisculptus
275:
274:
271:
257:
256:
250:
249:
241:
239:
235:
234:
220:
216:
215:
207:
203:
202:
194:
190:
189:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
123:
122:
115:
114:
106:
105:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
41:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2365:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2273:Vernonopterus
2270:
2266:
2261:
2251:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2131:Pentecopterus
2128:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2103:Megalograptus
2100:
2098:
2097:
2096:Jaekelopterus
2093:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2068:Drepanopterus
2065:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2047:Brachyopterus
2044:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2023:South America
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2013:North America
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1975:Carboniferous
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1952:Geochronology
1949:
1944:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1800:Eurypteroidea
1797:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1750:
1740:
1739:Mycteroptidae
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1721:Mycteropoidea
1718:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1675:Stylonuroidea
1672:
1666:
1665:Rhenopteridae
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1613:Sclerophorata
1610:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1577:Euchelicerata
1574:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1477:
1470:
1467:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1283:(4): 63–104.
1282:
1278:
1271:
1268:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1151:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
992:
990:
988:
986:
982:
976:
972:
969:
967:
964:
963:
959:
957:
954:
949:
947:
943:
939:
934:
933:Vernonopterus
929:
928:environment.
927:
924:
920:
919:Vernonopterus
916:
914:
909:
907:
902:
898:
894:
892:
887:
885:
884:Andrewsolepis
880:
878:
873:
872:P. alexandrae
869:
865:
863:
858:
856:
851:
847:
845:
844:Lanarkichthys
840:
838:
833:
829:
825:
823:
822:Rhadinichthys
818:
814:
813:Vernonopterus
810:
806:
805:Vernonopterus
799:
797:
795:
794:Vernonopterus
791:
787:
781:
779:
775:
771:
770:Vernonopterus
767:
762:
760:
756:
752:
751:
745:
743:
742:Carboniferous
739:
735:
734:
729:
725:
724:Mycteropoidea
722:
718:
717:Vernonopterus
711:
708:
704:
703:
697:
690:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
669:Vernonopterus
666:
662:
661:
656:
655:Vernonopterus
652:
650:
649:Mycteroptidae
646:
645:Vernonopterus
642:
638:
634:
630:
627:
623:
619:
615:
614:
608:
606:
603:
602:specific name
599:
595:
591:
590:
585:
582:
578:
574:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
546:fossil hunter
543:
542:Vernonopterus
539:
531:
529:
527:
526:Vernonopterus
523:
518:
514:
513:Vernonopterus
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
486:Vernonopterus
483:
479:
478:ornamentation
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
458:Vernonopterus
454:
452:
448:
447:Vernonopterus
444:
440:
437:
429:
424:
417:
415:
413:
412:Vernonopterus
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
388:
383:
382:
377:
374:
370:
369:Vernonopterus
365:
363:
359:
358:ornamentation
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
334:Vernonopterus
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
310:Carboniferous
307:
303:
302:Vernonopterus
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:
281:Vernonopterus
272:(Peach, 1905)
269:
267:
258:
255:
254:Binomial name
251:
247:
246:
240:
237:
236:
229:
228:
227:Vernonopterus
221:
218:
217:
214:
208:
205:
204:
201:
200:Mycteropoidea
195:
193:Superfamily:
192:
191:
188:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
133:
128:
124:
121:
116:
112:
107:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
36:313–304
32:
26:
25:Vernonopterus
22:
19:
2272:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2089:Hughmilleria
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
1921:Pterygotidae
1857:Mixopteridae
1813:Eurypteridae
1688:Stylonuridae
1608:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1572:
1501:the original
1488:
1482:
1469:
1458:. Retrieved
1455:Live Science
1454:
1445:
1420:
1416:
1406:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1331:. Retrieved
1327:the original
1322:
1313:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1259:. Retrieved
1255:
1246:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1197:
1164:
1160:
1150:
1126:(1): 49–61.
1123:
1117:
1053:
1047:
1001:
997:
952:
950:
941:
932:
930:
918:
913:Millerolepis
911:
904:
901:P. traquairi
900:
896:
889:
882:
875:
871:
867:
860:
853:
842:
835:
831:
827:
820:
812:
804:
803:
800:Paleoecology
793:
789:
785:
782:
777:
774:phylogenetic
769:
765:
763:
748:
746:
737:
731:
727:
716:
715:
700:
685:Leif Størmer
680:
672:
668:
664:
658:
654:
653:
644:
632:
621:
617:
611:
609:
604:
597:
593:
587:
583:
550:Mount Vernon
541:
535:
525:
522:crenulations
512:
506:
485:
482:exoskeletons
457:
455:
446:
433:
427:
411:
407:
403:
385:
379:
368:
366:
353:
337:
333:
318:Mount Vernon
301:
280:
279:
278:
265:
260:
244:
243:
226:
225:
119:
24:
18:
2343:Stylonurina
2186:Palmichnium
2163:Ichnogenera
2061:Carcinosoma
1755:Eurypterina
1648:Stylonurina
1586:Prosomapoda
1568:Chelicerata
1566:Subphylum:
1544:Eurypterids
1333:17 December
1004:(1): 1–20.
938:Stylonurina
926:fresh water
897:P. limnades
879:fenestratum
855:Blairolepis
832:R. plumosum
809:Westphalian
786:Cyrtoctenus
721:superfamily
673:Dunsopterus
626:eurypterine
558:Lanarkshire
502:environment
443:eurypterids
418:Description
400:environment
326:Lanarkshire
187:Eurypterida
174:Chelicerata
170:Subphylum:
31:Westphalian
2332:Categories
2152:Stylonurus
2138:Pterygotus
2117:Mixopterus
2110:Megarachne
2075:Eurypterus
1960:Ordovician
1916:Slimonidae
1827:Infraorder
1604:Dekatriata
1595:Planaterga
1562:Arthropoda
1460:2017-12-28
1261:2019-06-30
1167:: 77–103.
977:References
915:eleionomae
839:aurulentum
710:eurypterid
622:Eurypterus
613:Eurypterus
511:plates of
490:appendages
392:appendages
312:period in
294:arthropods
290:eurypterid
164:Arthropoda
2288:Q48847559
2229:Metastoma
2213:Xiphosura
2203:Arachnida
1990:Geography
1554:Kingdom:
1437:132378248
1398:134335605
1390:1755-6910
1305:131694288
1297:2053-5945
1238:130838293
1070:1744-9561
1026:130931651
1018:2053-5945
893:isabellae
868:P. elenae
846:gardineri
740:from the
573:Ben Peach
570:geologist
498:substrate
462:posterior
396:substrate
238:Species:
150:Kingdom:
144:Eukaryota
2282:Wikidata
2250:Category
2172:Arcuites
2145:Slimonia
1970:Devonian
1965:Silurian
1752:Suborder
1645:Suborder
1622:Taxonomy
1560:Phylum:
1556:Animalia
1181:84151264
1142:85398946
1088:19828493
960:See also
923:brackish
886:lochlani
857:wallacei
629:suborder
562:Scotland
538:holotype
494:carapace
470:segments
466:tergites
346:segments
342:tergites
314:Scotland
306:deposits
206:Family:
160:Phylum:
154:Animalia
140:Domain:
2302:4650098
2018:Oceania
1980:Permian
1224:: 1–3.
1079:2865068
908:youngii
864:poppaea
788:) into
750:gladius
637:prosoma
579:of the
577:species
554:Airdrie
509:ventral
474:abdomen
350:abdomen
330:species
322:Airdrie
308:of the
298:Fossils
263:†
242:†
219:Genus:
180:Order:
2315:455060
2008:Europe
1998:Africa
1629:Genera
1435:
1396:
1388:
1358:(PDF).
1303:
1295:
1236:
1179:
1140:
1086:
1076:
1068:
1024:
1016:
946:rachis
759:spines
641:telson
517:scales
451:fossil
439:family
376:family
362:scales
1609:Clade
1600:Clade
1591:Clade
1582:Clade
1573:Clade
1504:(PDF)
1479:(PDF)
1433:S2CID
1394:S2CID
1301:S2CID
1234:S2CID
1177:S2CID
1138:S2CID
1022:S2CID
755:Roman
592:) as
581:genus
552:near
320:near
286:genus
284:is a
2297:GBIF
2003:Asia
1386:ISSN
1335:2021
1293:ISSN
1084:PMID
1066:ISSN
1014:ISSN
910:and
841:and
768:and
753:, a
730:and
536:The
507:The
406:and
384:and
44:PreꞒ
1493:doi
1489:252
1425:doi
1421:105
1378:doi
1374:107
1285:doi
1226:doi
1169:doi
1165:103
1128:doi
1074:PMC
1058:doi
1006:doi
679:of
616:as
556:in
441:of
360:of
332:of
324:in
300:of
288:of
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1415:.
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468:(
223:†
210:†
197:†
184:†
99:N
89:K
84:J
79:T
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69:C
64:D
59:S
54:O
49:Ꞓ
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