1806:
1124:
2053:
631:
2067:
40:
1787:
One day we prayed the noontime prayers with the prophet. A person in need asked people to help but no one gave him anything, "Oh God! Be witness that in the mosque of the prophet no one gave me anything." Ali ibn Abi Talib was in the position of genuflection in the prayers. He pointed with his finger
1835:
for Sunnis thus necessitates that
Muslims only rely on God, Muhammad, and other Muslims for protection. Even those Sunni authors who acknowledge a link between this verse and Ali reject any Shia implications. For instance, al-Zamakhshari suggests that the verse encourages Muslims to emulate Ali, who
1922:
therefore presents Ali as the rightful authority over all believers, after God and
Muhammad, and naturally sanctions his right to succeed Muhammad as the spiritual and political leader of the Muslim community. The hadith literature, consensus among scholars, and the occasion of its revelation are
1929:
might be the most frequently cited verse by the Shia in support of Ali's rights. The absolute loyalty ordained in the verse also supports the Shia claim that the prophet and imams are infallible, lest their followers would be misled. In the Shia literature, the word
2040:
are symbolized by Ali, referring to the description of Ali as "faith, in its entirety," attributed to
Muhammad. That is, Shah-Kazemi suggests that the authority in this verse is limited to God, Muhammad, Ali, and all those believers who reach the rank of sainthood.
1224:. In Shia Islam, this verse thus sanctions the spiritual authority of Ali over all Muslims, after God and Muhammad, and supports his (usurped) right to succeed the prophet. Other Sunni sources link this verse to Ali but reject any Shia implications.
1756:, which casts doubts on their authenticity. The attribution of the latter anti-Shia report to the Shia imam al-Baqir may also suggest some early Sunni efforts to present al-Baqir as a Sunni scholar. A minority of Sunni traditions link the verse of
1828:
describes believers in general, while al-Razi and al-Zamakhshari limit the verse to sincere believers who are untainted by hypocrisy. In their view, the verse also stresses the importance of humility in religious deeds. The verse of
1796:, my help and vizier (cf. Quran, 20:35). Oh God! I am also Thy prophet; expand my breast and make easy my tasks and make Ali my vizier and helper.’" The words of the prophet had not as yet finished when the verse was revealed.
1338:, and have nearly identical meanings, namely, 'to be near or close to something', 'to be a friend or relative of someone', 'to manage or govern, to have authority or command'. Between the two words,
1747:) but also includes in his work a contradictory report in which al-Baqir explicitly denies any specific link between the verse and Ali. Yet the two traditions share a common origin in their
2008:
in the verse suggests otherwise. At the same time, there may also be other instances in the Quran where the plural form is used but a single person is meant, including verse 3:168 about
1252:
describes affinity and proximity between two parties, and the word itself thus means one who is near and close, as in guardian, friend, helper, master, or heir. In a political context,
1855:
The Sunni interpretation of the verse is rejected by Shias who argue that the notion of loyalty among
Muslims already appears elsewhere in verse 9:71 without the restrictive particle
1765:
Nevertheless, the frequent association of this verse with Ali in early Sunni sources supports its authenticity. In particular, the Sunni authors al-Suyuti and Muhib al-Din al-Tabari (
1004:
1621:
by Shia and some Sunni commentators, specifically a reference to when Ali reputedly gave his ring to a beggar while he was bowing in worship. This was the verdict of
1359:
broadly indicates the mutual bond of loyalty between God and those who believe in Him, the bond of loyalty among
Muslims, and lastly the bond among adherents of all
1497:. However, the Sunni translation of the verse is, "Your (real) friends are (no less than) God, His Messenger, and the believers—those who establish prayers and pay
1940:(and the prophets in their capacity as imams), which is an all-encompassing bond of spiritual loyalty between the infallible imam and his followers. The term
998:
2862:
414:
1788:
to the person, who took his ring and left. The prophet, who was observing the scene raised his head toward heaven and said: "Oh God! My brother
1792:
said to Thee, 'Expand my breast and make easy my tasks and make my tongue eloquent so that they will comprehend my words, and make my brother,
301:
978:
944:
714:
1377:
translation of the same verse is, "The prophet is more caring towards the believers than they are themselves." Alternatively, the word
2943:
Shah-Kazemi, Reza (2010), "Light upon Light? The Qur'an and the Gospel of John", in
Cornille, Catherine; Conway, Christopher (eds.),
2954:
2900:
2873:
2847:
2798:
2777:
2754:
2725:
2702:
2635:
2616:
1304:
in the Quran takes various meanings, including 'protecting friend', 'guardian', 'lord', 'master', and (spiritual or material) heir.
939:
934:
851:
479:
1388:
1210:
1132:
817:
79:
2689:
1216:. In some Sunni sources, the third authority is all Muslims, whereas Shia sources identify the third authority in this verse as
1110:
990:
834:
661:
2925:
2824:
2677:
2658:
1056:
606:
700:
1298:. Therein, al-Wali appears as a name of God, meaning Protector (of those who believe in Him). Applied to others, the word
766:
350:
1258:
is an individual who exercises political authority on behalf of a superior power (even God). The plural form of the word
1842:
in this verse as a protecting friend, while Ibn Kathir questions the authenticity of the related hadiths about Ali.
382:
741:
429:
256:
2889:
1588:
of
Muhammad who complained about their social ostracization by certain Jewish tribes. Finally, the Sunni historian
469:
1585:
564:
276:
1805:
1937:
1728:
496:
296:
2714:
2977:
91:
2972:
1603:
and some others converted to Islam and the Jewish tribes subsequently revoked their contract of clientage (
1430:
occur twice in the Quran, in verses 8:72 and 18:44, but experts disagree about their correct vocalization.
1066:
1051:
545:
311:
2019:), a tribal chief contemporary to Muhammad. Some other such instances were listed by the Shia theologian
2004:, does not contradict its Shia interpretation, that is the verse exclusively refers to Ali. Yet the word
2742:
2095:
2085:
726:
540:
365:
149:
104:
2737:
2647:
1515:, which can mean 'while', as in the Shia translation, or may mean 'and', as in the Sunni translation.
2987:
1773:
1699:
973:
968:
687:
2982:
2009:
1600:
1589:
1565:
1103:
856:
654:
550:
184:
84:
2834:
Nasr, Seyyed
Hossein; Dagli, C.K.; Dakake, Maria Massi; Lumbard, J.E.B.; Rustom, M., eds. (2015).
2909:
2604:
2080:
1644:
1643:), two influential early exegetes. Such reports are included in the works of the Shia theologian
1509:) they bow down humbly (in worship)." Responsible for their difference is the Arabic conjunction
926:
839:
822:
736:
574:
531:
501:
484:
459:
404:
360:
72:
2813:
2766:
1923:
further cited in Shia sources to support this interpretation of the verse. Indeed, the verse of
1901:
in this verse, they argue, is similar to that in verse 33:6, "The prophet has a greater claim (
1493:
This matches the Shia translation, and also appears similar to that provided by the
Islamicist
2950:
2949:, Interreligious Dialogue Series, vol. 2, Wipf & Stock Publishers, pp. 116–148,
2921:
2896:
2869:
2843:
2820:
2794:
2773:
2750:
2721:
2698:
2673:
2654:
2631:
2612:
2105:
2072:
1731:
1335:
1031:
615:
579:
526:
439:
399:
261:
2992:
2857:
2836:
2090:
2031:
1633:
844:
827:
731:
424:
419:
370:
355:
340:
249:
128:
1916:
in this verse thus signifies spiritual authority. Because of its link to Ali, the verse of
1947:
1494:
1457:
1167:
1123:
559:
375:
335:
324:
306:
209:
154:
67:
2914:
2768:
Religious
Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini
1793:
1789:
1677:
1572:
clans and pledged his allegiance solely to Muhammad. Alternatively, the Sunni exegeses
1539:
1477:) God, and His Messenger, and those who believe, who perform the prayer and give alms (
1221:
1096:
1079:
983:
705:
647:
519:
506:
464:
409:
23:
2966:
1144:
888:
875:
796:
776:
584:
489:
449:
2808:
2786:
2100:
2058:
1655:
1084:
861:
771:
635:
591:
328:
60:
49:
1397:
2944:
2712:
Madigan, Daniel A. (2006). "Themes and topics". In McAuliffe, Jane Dammen (ed.).
2020:
1889:
in the verse to God, Muhammad, and those believers who gave alms while praying.
1383:
signifies authority and power in the Quran, as personified by the leader of the
1374:
1193:
1128:
883:
387:
345:
269:
2048:
1543:
1364:
1360:
1203:
912:
392:
1717:
1688:
1666:
1622:
1554:
291:
695:
2920:. Translated by Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. State University of New York Press.
1895:
in this verse thus has a different significance than mere friendship. The
1772:) include in their works essentially the same account on the authority of
1367:
translation of verse 33:6 of the Quran, "The prophet has a greater claim (
1809:
1391:
1363:. The strength of these loyalties may vary, however, as suggested by the
1213:
1061:
1026:
601:
569:
283:
217:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2066:
1384:
1189:
1136:
900:
790:
785:
434:
111:
1836:
did not delay charity until the end of his prayer, al-Razi interprets
1951:
1535:
1237:
960:
895:
454:
444:
233:
201:
193:
178:
172:
56:
1804:
1748:
1295:
1206:
interpret it as 'spiritual authority' because of its exclusivity.
1179:
1175:
1122:
907:
761:
677:
596:
474:
165:
123:
116:
39:
31:
1957:
1569:
1182:. This verse specifies three authorities as the only sources of
1140:
225:
133:
1727:). For instance, al-Tabari ascribes a similar tradition to the
2895:, Blackwell Companions to Religion, Wiley, pp. 997–1027,
1618:
1217:
1209:
The first two authorities listed in the verse are God and the
1617:
By contrast, the verse is considered a specific reference to
1294:
are from the same Arabic root; all these words appear in the
1202:
in this context signifies 'friendship' or 'support', whereas
2670:
Early Shi'i Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir
2487:
2485:
1344:
often refers to the first two of the three meanings, while
2609:
The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam
1936:
is primarily reserved for this spiritual authority of the
1373:) on the faithful that they have on themselves." Yet the
1350:
commonly refers to the last meaning, that is, authority.
2332:
2330:
2328:
2315:
2313:
2472:
2470:
2400:
2398:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2515:
2437:
2365:
2233:
2231:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
1143:. The stone was carved by Abd-Allah ibn Ahmad in the
2035:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1955:
1941:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1911:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1856:
1847:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1813:
1757:
1749:
1604:
1579:
1573:
1529:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1450:
1444:
1435:
1425:
1419:
1395:
1378:
1368:
1354:
1345:
1339:
1329:
1323:
1314:
1308:
1299:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1228:
1197:
1183:
1160:
1148:
2864:
Imam 'Ali: From Concise History to Timeless Mystery
2772:, Routledge Studies in Political Islam, Routledge,
1946:is applied both to Shia imams in Shia Islam and to
2913:
2888:
2861:
2835:
2812:
2765:
2736:
2713:
2688:
2646:
2034:proposes that 'those who believe' in the verse of
2838:The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary
2645:Karamustafa, Ahmet T. (2007). "What Is Sufism?".
1907:) on the faithful that they have on themselves."
1220:, cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, citing the
1785:
1463:
2720:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 79–96.
1822:For al-Tabari, the last part of the verse of
1104:
655:
8:
1599:) believes that the verse was revealed when
1455:), verse 5:55 of the Quran is translated by
2587:
2575:
2416:
1963:
1862:
1564:) report that the verse was revealed after
1403:
2883:Steigerwald, Diana (2017), "Twelver Shīʿī
2653:. Vol. 1. Praeger. pp. 249–269.
1812:mirrored calligraphy, reading "Ali is the
1111:
1097:
673:
662:
648:
18:
2491:
2449:
2377:
2503:
2116:
1584:consider this verse a response to some
676:
30:
2749:. Vol. 2. Brill. pp. 273–5.
2611:. State University of New York Press.
2563:
2551:
2527:
2476:
2461:
2404:
2389:
2336:
2319:
2304:
2292:
2268:
2249:
2237:
2222:
2205:
2193:
2169:
2157:
2136:
2891:The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'ān
2716:The Cambridge companion to the Qur'ān
2539:
2181:
2030:). Alternatively, the Islamic author
16:Quranic verse with contested meanings
7:
2280:
1443:Known in Shia Islam as the verse of
1171:
1394:, a reference to the Quranic term
14:
2910:Tabatabai, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn
2065:
2051:
1178:, the central religious text of
1127:Memorial stone of the Shia imam
629:
38:
2697:. Routledge. pp. 682–686.
2791:An Introduction to Shi'i Islam
2630:. Cambridge University Press.
1334:, are indistinguishable in an
1:
1998:, instead of its plural form
1877:). By contrast, the particle
1740:
1322:The two corresponding nouns,
2815:Ideas and Realities in Islam
2628:Shī'ī Islam: An Introduction
2025:
2014:
1783:), a companion of Muhammad.
1778:
1767:
1736:
1722:
1711:
1704:
1693:
1682:
1671:
1660:
1649:
1638:
1627:
1594:
1559:
1548:
1418:). In particular, the words
2946:Interreligious Hermeneutics
2747:Encyclopaedia of the Qur'ān
2695:The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia
2693:. In Leaman, Oliver (ed.).
2036:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1986:The appearance of the word
1956:
1942:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1912:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1857:
1848:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1814:
1758:
1750:
1605:
1580:
1574:
1530:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1451:
1445:
1436:
1426:
1420:
1396:
1379:
1369:
1355:
1346:
1340:
1330:
1324:
1315:
1309:
1300:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1229:
1198:
1184:
1161:
1153:is engraved on its margins.
1149:
213:("Stories of the Prophets")
3009:
2687:Lalani, Arzina R. (2006).
2668:Lalani, Arzina R. (2000).
1540:occasion of its revelation
1222:occasion of its revelation
2793:. Yale University Press.
1982:Singular and plural forms
1654:), and the Sunni authors
2738:"Friends and Friendship"
1954:. Especially in Sufism,
1568:broke his ties with the
302:Medieval Islamic science
2735:Marlow, Louise (2002).
1978:) denotes God's elect.
1353:In the Quran, the word
1174:) is verse 5:55 of the
2764:Mavani, Hamid (2013),
2743:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen
2626:Haider, Najam (2014).
1819:
1798:
1519:Occasion of revelation
1491:
1361:monotheistic religions
1154:
312:Succession to Muhammad
2096:Verse of purification
2086:Verse of ikmal al-din
1808:
1581:Asbab nuzul al-qur'an
1542:, the Sunni exegetes
1126:
742:Birmingham manuscript
727:Samarkand Kufic Quran
2809:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein
2690:"Wali/Walaya/Wilaya"
1709:), Ahmad al-Tabari (
1387:community after the
1131:, on display in the
351:Association football
2605:Dakake, Maria Massi
2295:, pp. 683–684.
2010:Abd Allah ibn Ubayy
1601:Abd-Allah ibn Salam
112:Profession of Faith
85:Day of Resurrection
2868:. Matheson Trust.
2842:. Harper Collins.
2081:Verse of obedience
1820:
1575:Tafsir al-jalalayn
1566:Ubada ibn al-Samit
1155:
1147:era. The verse of
991:Biblical parallels
737:Topkapi manuscript
2858:Shah-Kazemi, Reza
2464:, pp. 59–60.
2106:Hadith of warning
2073:Shia Islam portal
1732:Muhammad al-Baqir
1619:Ali ibn Abi Talib
1218:Ali ibn Abi Talib
1121:
1120:
1005:Mentioned by name
672:
671:
3000:
2959:
2931:
2919:
2905:
2894:
2879:
2867:
2853:
2841:
2830:
2819:. Beacon Press.
2818:
2804:
2782:
2771:
2760:
2740:
2731:
2719:
2708:
2692:
2683:
2664:
2652:
2641:
2622:
2591:
2588:Shah-Kazemi 2019
2585:
2579:
2576:Karamustafa 2007
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2518:, p. 706-7.
2516:Nasr et al. 2015
2513:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2480:
2474:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2438:Nasr et al. 2015
2435:
2420:
2417:Steigerwald 2017
2414:
2408:
2402:
2393:
2392:, p. 61n76.
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2366:Nasr et al. 2015
2363:
2340:
2334:
2323:
2317:
2308:
2307:, p. 61n78.
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2226:
2220:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2140:
2134:
2091:Verse of mawadda
2075:
2070:
2069:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2039:
2032:Reza Shah-Kazemi
2029:
2027:
2018:
2016:
2003:
1997:
1992:in the verse of
1991:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1945:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1915:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1851:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1817:
1782:
1780:
1771:
1769:
1761:
1753:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1726:
1724:
1715:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1697:
1695:
1686:
1684:
1675:
1673:
1664:
1662:
1653:
1651:
1642:
1640:
1634:Mujahid ibn Jabr
1631:
1629:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1583:
1577:
1563:
1561:
1552:
1550:
1534:was revealed in
1533:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1465:Your protector (
1454:
1448:
1439:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1413:those in command
1411:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1382:
1372:
1358:
1349:
1343:
1336:unvocalized text
1333:
1327:
1318:
1312:
1303:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1232:
1201:
1187:
1173:
1172:آيَة ٱلْوَلَايَة
1164:
1152:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1057:Quran and Sunnah
732:Sanaa manuscript
701:First revelation
674:
664:
657:
650:
636:Islam portal
634:
633:
632:
42:
19:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2942:
2939:
2937:Further reading
2934:
2928:
2908:
2903:
2882:
2876:
2856:
2850:
2833:
2827:
2807:
2801:
2785:
2780:
2763:
2757:
2734:
2728:
2711:
2705:
2686:
2680:
2672:. I.B. Tauris.
2667:
2661:
2649:Voices of Islam
2644:
2638:
2625:
2619:
2603:
2599:
2594:
2586:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2550:
2546:
2538:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2514:
2510:
2502:
2498:
2490:
2483:
2475:
2468:
2460:
2456:
2448:
2444:
2436:
2423:
2419:, p. 1018.
2415:
2411:
2403:
2396:
2388:
2384:
2376:
2372:
2364:
2343:
2335:
2326:
2318:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2267:
2256:
2248:
2244:
2236:
2229:
2221:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2196:, p. 34n7.
2192:
2188:
2180:
2176:
2168:
2164:
2156:
2143:
2135:
2118:
2114:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2024:
2013:
1984:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1853:
1803:
1777:
1766:
1743:
1735:
1721:
1710:
1703:
1692:
1681:
1670:
1665:), Ibn Kathir,
1659:
1648:
1637:
1626:
1615:
1593:
1558:
1547:
1526:
1521:
1495:Hermann Landolt
1458:The Study Quran
1441:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1389:Islamic prophet
1320:
1234:
1211:Islamic prophet
1117:
1072:
1071:
1047:
1046:
1037:
1036:
1022:
1021:
1020:Characteristics
1012:
1011:
1001:
999:Related persons
964:
963:
952:
951:
930:
929:
918:
917:
879:
878:
867:
866:
813:
812:
803:
802:
757:
756:
747:
746:
691:
690:
668:
630:
628:
621:
620:
565:Other religions
560:Arabic language
522:
512:
511:
440:Moral teachings
331:
317:
316:
307:Spread of Islam
252:
242:
241:
229:(jurisprudence)
211:Qisas al-Anbiya
160:
159:
139:
138:
107:
97:
96:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3006:
3004:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2978:Quranic verses
2975:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2926:
2906:
2901:
2880:
2874:
2854:
2848:
2831:
2825:
2805:
2799:
2783:
2778:
2761:
2755:
2732:
2726:
2709:
2703:
2684:
2678:
2665:
2659:
2642:
2636:
2623:
2617:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2580:
2578:, p. 250.
2568:
2566:, p. 274.
2556:
2544:
2542:, p. 157.
2532:
2520:
2508:
2496:
2494:, p. 154.
2492:Tabatabai 1975
2481:
2466:
2454:
2452:, p. 165.
2450:Tabatabai 1975
2442:
2440:, p. 707.
2421:
2409:
2394:
2382:
2380:, p. 153.
2378:Tabatabai 1975
2370:
2368:, p. 706.
2341:
2339:, p. 683.
2324:
2322:, p. 684.
2309:
2297:
2285:
2283:, p. 161.
2273:
2254:
2242:
2227:
2210:
2198:
2186:
2174:
2162:
2160:, p. 682.
2141:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2062:
2046:
2043:
1983:
1980:
1910:For the Shia,
1852:
1844:
1802:
1799:
1678:al-Zamakhshari
1614:
1611:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1489:) bowing down.
1440:
1432:
1319:
1306:
1270:and the words
1233:
1226:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1007:
997:
994:
993:
987:
986:
981:
976:
971:
965:
959:
958:
957:
954:
953:
950:
949:
948:
947:
942:
931:
925:
924:
923:
920:
919:
916:
915:
910:
904:
903:
898:
892:
891:
886:
880:
874:
873:
872:
869:
868:
865:
864:
859:
854:
848:
847:
842:
837:
831:
830:
825:
820:
814:
810:
809:
808:
805:
804:
801:
800:
793:
788:
782:
781:
780:
779:
774:
769:
758:
754:
753:
752:
749:
748:
745:
744:
739:
734:
729:
723:
722:
718:
717:
711:
710:
709:
708:
706:Asbab al-Nuzul
703:
692:
686:
685:
684:
681:
680:
670:
669:
667:
666:
659:
652:
644:
641:
640:
639:
638:
623:
622:
619:
618:
612:
611:
610:
609:
604:
594:
589:
588:
587:
582:
572:
567:
562:
556:
555:
554:
553:
548:
543:
535:
534:
529:
523:
520:Related topics
518:
517:
514:
513:
510:
509:
504:
502:Social welfare
499:
494:
493:
492:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
396:
395:
390:
380:
379:
378:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
332:
323:
322:
319:
318:
315:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
288:
287:
280:
273:
265:
264:
259:
253:
248:
247:
244:
243:
240:
239:
231:
222:
221:
215:
207:
199:
190:
189:
169:
161:
158:
157:
152:
146:
145:
144:
141:
140:
137:
136:
131:
126:
120:
119:
114:
108:
103:
102:
99:
98:
95:
94:
92:Predestination
88:
87:
82:
76:
75:
73:Revealed Books
70:
64:
63:
53:
48:
47:
44:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3005:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2958:
2956:9781630874254
2952:
2948:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2929:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2916:Shi'ite Islam
2911:
2907:
2904:
2902:9781118964835
2898:
2893:
2892:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2875:9781908092182
2871:
2866:
2865:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2849:9780062227621
2845:
2840:
2839:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2817:
2816:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2800:9780300035315
2796:
2792:
2788:
2787:Momen, Moojan
2784:
2781:
2779:9780415624404
2775:
2770:
2769:
2762:
2758:
2756:9789004114654
2752:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2733:
2729:
2727:9780521831604
2723:
2718:
2717:
2710:
2706:
2704:9780415326391
2700:
2696:
2691:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2651:
2650:
2643:
2639:
2637:9781107031432
2633:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2618:9780791470336
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2589:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2557:
2554:, p. 34.
2553:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2533:
2530:, p. 68.
2529:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2509:
2506:, p. 84.
2505:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2479:, p. 60.
2478:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2410:
2407:, p. 59.
2406:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2274:
2271:, p. 16.
2270:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2252:, p. 21.
2251:
2246:
2243:
2240:, p. 23.
2239:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2225:, p. 18.
2224:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2208:, p. 17.
2207:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2187:
2184:, p. 17.
2183:
2178:
2175:
2172:, p. 58.
2171:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2139:, p. 46.
2138:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2063:
2060:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2022:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1981:
1979:
1973:friend of God
1960:
1959:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1883:confines the
1881:
1859:
1850:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1775:
1763:
1762:to Abu Bakr.
1760:
1755:
1752:
1733:
1730:
1719:
1701:
1690:
1679:
1668:
1657:
1646:
1635:
1624:
1620:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1602:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1556:
1545:
1541:
1538:. As for the
1537:
1532:
1528:The verse of
1524:Jewish tribes
1523:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1400:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1317:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1133:Razavi museum
1130:
1125:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1015:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1000:
996:
995:
992:
989:
988:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
962:
956:
955:
946:
943:
941:
938:
937:
936:
933:
932:
928:
922:
921:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
890:
887:
885:
882:
881:
877:
871:
870:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
832:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
807:
806:
799:
798:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
783:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
764:
763:
760:
759:
751:
750:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
720:
719:
716:
713:
712:
707:
704:
702:
699:
698:
697:
694:
693:
689:
683:
682:
679:
675:
665:
660:
658:
653:
651:
646:
645:
643:
642:
637:
627:
626:
625:
624:
617:
614:
613:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
598:
595:
593:
590:
586:
583:
581:
578:
577:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
538:
537:
536:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
521:
516:
515:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
491:
488:
487:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
475:Proselytizing
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
394:
391:
389:
386:
385:
384:
383:Denominations
381:
377:
374:
373:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
333:
330:
326:
321:
320:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
289:
286:
285:
281:
279:
278:
274:
272:
271:
267:
266:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
251:
246:
245:
238:
236:
232:
230:
228:
224:
223:
219:
216:
214:
212:
208:
206:
204:
200:
198:
196:
192:
191:
187:
186:
181:
180:
175:
174:
170:
168:
167:
163:
162:
156:
153:
151:
148:
147:
143:
142:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
106:
101:
100:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
81:
78:
77:
74:
71:
69:
66:
65:
62:
58:
55:
54:
51:
46:
45:
41:
37:
36:
33:
29:
25:
21:
20:
2945:
2915:
2890:
2884:
2863:
2837:
2814:
2790:
2767:
2746:
2715:
2694:
2669:
2648:
2627:
2608:
2590:, p. 4.
2583:
2571:
2559:
2547:
2535:
2523:
2511:
2504:Madigan 2006
2499:
2457:
2445:
2412:
2385:
2373:
2300:
2288:
2276:
2245:
2201:
2189:
2177:
2165:
2101:Ghadir Khumm
2059:Islam portal
2005:
1985:
1948:Sufi sheikhs
1909:
1854:
1821:
1786:
1764:
1616:
1590:Ibn al-Kalbi
1527:
1492:
1464:
1456:
1442:
1352:
1321:
1246:of the word
1235:
1208:
1204:Shia Muslims
1158:
1156:
1085:Islam portal
974:Hermeneutics
927:Translations
795:
592:Islamophobia
371:Demographics
366:Circumcision
282:
275:
268:
234:
226:
210:
202:
194:
183:
177:
171:
164:
2988:Sunni Islam
2564:Marlow 2002
2552:Haider 2014
2528:Mavani 2013
2477:Lalani 2000
2462:Lalani 2000
2405:Lalani 2000
2390:Mavani 2013
2337:Lalani 2006
2320:Lalani 2006
2305:Mavani 2013
2293:Lalani 2006
2269:Dakake 2007
2250:Dakake 2007
2238:Dakake 2007
2223:Dakake 2007
2206:Dakake 2007
2194:Haider 2014
2170:Lalani 2000
2158:Lalani 2006
2137:Mavani 2013
2028: 1067
1770: 1294
1725: 1505
1714: 1295
1707: 1210
1696: 1076
1685: 1144
1663: 1286
1652: 1022
1562: 1336
1551: 1373
1471:) is only (
1194:Sunni Islam
1129:Ali al-Rida
979:Esotericism
857:Eschatology
721:Manuscripts
715:Historicity
607:Laws of war
270:Ahl al-Bayt
155:Foundations
2983:Shia Islam
2973:Al-Ma'idah
2967:Categories
2927:0873953908
2826:0807011312
2679:1850435928
2660:0275987337
2597:References
2540:Momen 1985
2182:Momen 1985
2017: 631
1958:wali Allah
1938:Shia imams
1846:Extent of
1781: 652
1744: 732
1674: 923
1656:al-Baydawi
1641: 722
1630: 687
1597: 819
1586:companions
1555:al-Kashani
1544:Ibn Kathir
1398:uli al-amr
1067:Shi’a view
984:Abrogation
797:Muqatta'at
460:Philosophy
197:(exegesis)
134:Pilgrimage
124:Almsgiving
2281:Nasr 1966
2112:Footnotes
1774:Abu Dharr
1729:Shia imam
1718:al-Suyuti
1689:al-Wahidi
1667:al-Tabari
1623:Ibn Abbas
1483:) while (
1434:Verse of
1159:verse of
1052:Criticism
1032:Inerrancy
945:Ahmadiyya
755:Divisions
580:terrorism
532:Criticism
485:Sexuality
455:Mysticism
425:Festivals
405:Education
400:Economics
336:Academics
292:Caliphate
105:Practices
2912:(1975).
2860:(2019).
2811:(1966).
2789:(1985).
2607:(2007).
2045:See also
1810:Bektashi
1801:Exegesis
1645:al-Mufid
1392:Muhammad
1214:Muhammad
1080:Category
1062:Quranism
961:Exegesis
845:Parables
840:Miracles
818:Prophets
616:Glossary
602:Jihadism
575:Violence
570:Islamism
541:Muhammad
527:Apostasy
470:Politics
420:Feminism
415:Exorcism
376:Diaspora
361:Children
356:Calendar
284:Rashidun
262:Muhammad
257:Timeline
218:Mathnawi
80:Prophets
24:a series
22:Part of
2993:Imamate
2745:(ed.).
2021:al-Tusi
1967:
1866:
1818:of God"
1739:
1716:), and
1700:al-Razi
1606:muwalat
1407:
1267:awliya'
1190:Muslims
1137:Mashhad
1045:Related
940:English
913:Qira'at
901:Tarteel
876:Reading
852:Science
835:Legends
828:Animals
811:Content
777:Medinan
688:History
497:Slavery
480:Science
435:Madrasa
430:Finance
341:Animals
329:society
325:Culture
297:Imamate
277:Sahabah
250:History
220:(Poems)
205:(creed)
129:Fasting
57:Oneness
50:Beliefs
2953:
2924:
2899:
2885:Taʾwīl
2872:
2846:
2823:
2797:
2776:
2753:
2724:
2701:
2676:
2657:
2634:
2615:
2037:walaya
2001:awlia'
1995:walaya
1952:Sufism
1933:walaya
1926:walaya
1919:walaya
1913:walaya
1898:walaya
1892:Walaya
1886:walaya
1880:innama
1858:innama
1849:walaya
1832:walaya
1825:walaya
1759:walaya
1632:) and
1570:Jewish
1553:) and
1536:Medina
1531:walaya
1474:innama
1452:wilaya
1446:walaya
1437:walaya
1427:wilaya
1421:walaya
1385:Muslim
1380:wilaya
1356:walaya
1347:wilaya
1341:walaya
1331:wilaya
1325:walaya
1316:wilaya
1310:Walaya
1279:wilaya
1273:walaya
1238:Arabic
1199:walaya
1185:walaya
1168:Arabic
1162:walaya
1150:walaya
1145:Seljuk
896:Tajwid
772:Meccan
551:Hadith
465:Poetry
445:Mosque
410:Ethics
235:Sharia
203:Aqidah
195:Tafsir
179:Hadith
173:Sunnah
117:Prayer
68:Angels
2741:. In
2006:those
1794:Harun
1790:Moses
1751:isnad
1503:and (
1500:zakat
1480:zakat
1375:Sunni
1296:Quran
1291:mawla
1243:w-l-y
1240:root
1192:. In
1180:Islam
1176:Quran
1027:I'jaz
908:Ahruf
884:Qāriʾ
823:Women
762:Surah
678:Quran
597:Jihad
546:Quran
507:Women
450:Music
388:Sunni
237:(law)
185:Sirah
166:Quran
150:Texts
32:Islam
2951:ISBN
2922:ISBN
2897:ISBN
2870:ISBN
2844:ISBN
2821:ISBN
2795:ISBN
2774:ISBN
2751:ISBN
2722:ISBN
2699:ISBN
2674:ISBN
2655:ISBN
2632:ISBN
2613:ISBN
1989:wali
1964:lit.
1943:wali
1904:awla
1872:only
1863:lit.
1839:wali
1815:wali
1578:and
1468:wali
1449:(or
1424:and
1404:lit.
1370:awla
1365:Shia
1328:and
1313:and
1301:wali
1285:awla
1261:wali
1255:wali
1249:wali
1236:The
1230:Wali
1188:for
1157:The
1141:Iran
969:List
935:List
889:Hifz
791:Juz'
786:Āyah
767:List
696:Waḥy
490:LGBT
393:Shia
327:and
227:Fiqh
2887:",
1950:in
1698:),
1687:),
1676:),
1613:Ali
1609:).
1512:waw
1506:waw
1486:waw
1461:as
1264:is
862:God
585:war
346:Art
61:God
59:of
2969::
2484:^
2469:^
2424:^
2397:^
2344:^
2327:^
2312:^
2257:^
2230:^
2213:^
2144:^
2119:^
2026:d.
2015:d.
1779:d.
1768:d.
1741:c.
1737:d.
1723:d.
1712:d.
1705:d.
1694:d.
1683:d.
1672:d.
1661:d.
1650:d.
1639:d.
1628:d.
1595:d.
1560:d.
1549:d.
1288:,
1282:,
1276:,
1196:,
1170::
1139:,
1135:,
182:,
26:on
2930:.
2878:.
2852:.
2829:.
2803:.
2759:.
2730:.
2707:.
2682:.
2663:.
2640:.
2621:.
2023:(
2012:(
1976:'
1970:'
1962:(
1875:'
1869:'
1861:(
1776:(
1754:s
1734:(
1720:(
1702:(
1691:(
1680:(
1669:(
1658:(
1647:(
1636:(
1625:(
1592:(
1557:(
1546:(
1416:'
1410:'
1402:(
1166:(
1112:e
1105:t
1098:v
663:e
656:t
649:v
188:)
176:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
