356:
47:
744:
and starts with an objective point of view to reach the required goal. The school's adherents were always an active group on the political stage during the
Warring States period. Moreover, they played a decisive role and were described as extremely powerful and capable, constantly struggling to
671:, supporters of "Vertical Alliance" encourage the weak multitude to attack the one strong side whilst the Horizontal Alliance promote the one strong side attacking the weak multitude. They are all fickle and capricious, change sides frequently and are unable to decide who their master is. Both
778:
describes the mental and moral cultivation methods used by the School of
Diplomacy; the "Benjing" covers the ideas behind the basic guiding principles whilst the "Yinfu" consists of very mysterious concealed writings.
788:
is a book of theory that is complete in every detail and very subtly written, making its ideas hard to express. More importantly the work requires study and use in order to understand the nuances of its meaning. The
795:
is a well-written rhetorical compendium the words and actions of the strategists of the School of
Diplomacy who were all resourceful, intelligent, aware of the actual situation and gifted in the use of language.
686:
was termed the "Horizontal
Alliance". "Horizontal" has no geographic sense of stretching from west to east. No such axis ever formed. This is a mistaken Eurocentric interpretation deriving from the
2330:
682:
The origins of the terms "Vertical" and "Horizontal" are political and are based on anti-Qin (i.e. "perpendicular" or "vertical") alliance formed by six states of the rest of China, whilst the
764:, not about the School of Diplomacy's followers, but primarily the words and actions of its advisors as well as actual combat case studies, the thirty-first chapter of
825:
337:
737:), or Horizontal Alliance, the "one strong side to smash the weak multitude", thus illustrating the different diplomatic policies of the two sides.
377:
309:
447:
428:
2287:
1119:
818:
676:
101:
400:
2335:
1444:
1440:
1270:
941:
481:
381:
330:
407:
2320:
885:
668:
465:
38:
967:
811:
304:
414:
366:
955:
895:
1266:
385:
370:
1600:
323:
748:
The few principal written records of the School of
Diplomacy that exist today are the thirteenth chapter of the
396:
2118:
1924:
1748:
1400:
950:
523:
249:
2315:
2253:
1879:
1625:
1461:
294:
243:
2310:
2079:
1610:
1238:
1099:
910:
741:
701:), or Vertical Alliance, the "weak multitude against the one strong side", made up of the six states of
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509:
169:
271:
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2238:
1585:
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687:
66:
2106:
1316:
1291:
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551:
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679:
of the
Horizontal Alliance clique issue many plans and schemes that are politically subjective.
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71:
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513:
76:
2180:
2132:
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1964:
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782:
The reader can comprehend these but is unable to discover their essential meaning. The
740:
The School of
Diplomacy was one of the nine styles of the ten Schools of Thought of the
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718:
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154:
1819:
17:
2248:
2233:
2009:
1969:
1954:
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1939:
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791:
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1989:
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1934:
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772:. The seventh chapter of the "Benjing Yifu" appendix to the
2093:
2331:
Schools and traditions in ancient
Chinese philosophy
2216:
2022:
1782:
1644:
1535:
1439:
1370:
1257:
1148:
975:
966:
841:
550:, the School of Diplomacy's main adherents were
819:
331:
8:
27:Classical Chinese legalist school of thought
502:School of Vertical and Horizontal Alliances
384:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
972:
826:
812:
804:
338:
324:
29:
448:Learn how and when to remove this message
37:
7:
729:. "Heng" indicates the "Lian Heng" (
675:of the Vertical Alliance clique and
382:adding citations to reliable sources
310:Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius
25:
693:"Zong" indicates the "He Zong" (
516:(476-220 BCE). According to the
354:
45:
504:was a political and diplomatic
758:, the thirty-third chapter of
540:
496:
485:
469:
1:
792:Annals of the Warring States
761:Annals of the Warring States
650:Annals of the Warring States
522:, the school was one of the
305:Discourses on Salt and Iron
2352:
956:Hundred Schools of Thought
745:manipulate the situation.
768:and the tenth chapter of
734:
698:
667:, a contemporary work on
531:
951:Nine Schools of Thought
688:Mercator map projection
524:Nine Schools of Thought
2336:Chinese foreign policy
2254:State consequentialism
295:Rectification of names
244:The Book of Lord Shang
1271:Northern and Southern
742:Warring States period
510:Warring States period
397:"School of Diplomacy"
2321:Political philosophy
378:improve this article
901:School of Diplomacy
669:Legalist Philosophy
647:as detailed in the
482:traditional Chinese
462:School of Diplomacy
250:Shenzi (both books)
67:Marquess Wen of Wei
33:Part of a series on
835:Chinese philosophy
466:simplified Chinese
272:Annals of Lü Buwei
193:Emperor Wen of Sui
140:Emperor Wen of Han
2298:
2297:
2146:Mandate of Heaven
2018:
2017:
661:According to the
569:(Su's disciple),
544:). Originated by
458:
457:
450:
432:
348:
347:
289:Relevant articles
145:Emperor Wu of Han
18:Vertical alliance
16:(Redirected from
2343:
2175:Self-cultivation
2080:Neo-Confucianism
1815:Chung-ying Cheng
973:
874:New Confucianism
869:Neo-Confucianism
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77:Duke Xiao of Qin
49:
39:Chinese legalism
30:
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2212:
2113:Three teachings
2014:
1965:Tsang Lap Chuen
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1435:
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1275:
1269:
1253:
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1144:
962:
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906:School of Names
849:Agriculturalism
837:
832:
802:
725:united against
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640:
621:
610:
599:
584:
573:
554:
514:Chinese history
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2293:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2283:Metaphilosophy
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1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
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1902:
1897:
1895:Lee Shui-chuen
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1887:
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1877:
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1807:
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1777:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1764:Zhang Xuecheng
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1533:
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1514:
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1502:Wang Chongyang
1499:
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1441:Five Dynasties
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1262:Three Kingdoms
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232:
230:Relevant texts
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4:
3:
2:
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2319:
2317:
2316:Ancient China
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2025:
2021:
2011:
2008:
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2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1995:Zhang Dongsun
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1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
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1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
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1933:
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1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1915:Liang Shuming
1913:
1911:
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1622:
1621:Wang Yangming
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1404:
1402:
1399:
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1187:
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1179:Dongfang Shuo
1177:
1175:
1174:Dong Zhongshu
1172:
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1128:
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2005:Zhou Guoping
2000:Zhang Shenfu
1985:Yin Haiguang
1980:Yang Changji
1925:Liu Xiaofeng
1910:Liang Qichao
1795:Carsun Chang
1783:20th century
1769:Zhuang Cunyu
1699:Hong Liangji
1659:Chen Menglei
1654:Chen Hongmou
1636:Zhan Ruoshui
1596:Liu Zongzhou
1566:Hong Zicheng
1561:Huang Zongxi
1467:Fan Zhongyan
1445:Ten Kingdoms
1431:Linji Yixuan
1426:Liu Zongyuan
1015:Gongsun Long
977:Eastern Zhou
968:Philosophers
946:
942:Mixed School
927:
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864:Han learning
859:Confucianism
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155:Gongsun Hong
2326:Geopolitics
2249:Role ethics
2234:Metaphysics
2010:Zhou Zuoren
1970:Xiong Shili
1955:Tang Chun-i
1950:Sun Yat-sen
1945:Qiu Renzong
1940:Mou Zongsan
1890:Kang Youwei
1835:Feng Youlan
1800:P. C. Chang
1790:Cai Yuanpei
1774:Zeng Guofan
1759:Yu Zhengxie
1689:Gong Zizhen
1684:Feng Guifen
1674:Fang Lanfen
1606:Qian Dehong
1406:Zhang Zhihe
1342:Xiahou Xuan
1282:Bao Jingyan
1125:Zhuang Zhou
750:Book of Gui
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508:during the
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129:Han figures
2305:Categories
2288:Legitimacy
1990:Yu Dunkang
1960:Tang Yijie
1935:Mao Zedong
1920:Lin Yutang
1885:Jin Yuelin
1880:Jiang Qing
1855:He Guanghu
1825:Chu Anping
1810:Chen Duxiu
1739:Wang Fuzhi
1729:Tan Sitong
1724:Pan Pingge
1719:Liu Yiming
1601:Luo Rufang
1522:Zhou Dunyi
1507:Wang Chuyi
1497:Wang Anshi
1477:Lu Jiuyuan
1357:Yan Zhitui
1347:Xie Daoyun
1249:Yang Xiong
1234:Wang Chong
1209:Kong Anguo
1070:Shen Buhai
1065:Shang Yang
1020:Guan Zhong
990:Chunyu Kun
911:Naturalism
800:References
657:Background
500:), or the
408:newspapers
267:Wei Liaozi
218:Xu Guangqi
203:Wang Anshi
160:Zhang Tang
87:Shen Buhai
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62:Guan Zhong
2267:Shan shui
2200:Zhengming
1975:Xu Fuguan
1900:Li Shicen
1875:Ray Huang
1860:Hu Qiaomu
1830:Fang Keli
1820:Ch'ien Mu
1805:Chen Daqi
1734:Tang Zhen
1679:Fang Quan
1591:Liu Bowen
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1571:Jiao Hong
1556:Chen Jiru
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1302:Guo Xiang
1224:Liu Xiang
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664:Han Feizi
438:July 2010
365:does not
277:Huang-Lao
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2261:Ink wash
2239:Politics
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2023:Concepts
1905:Li Zehou
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677:Zhang Yi
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