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143:"He was approached by the owners of the Bradshaw 1848 patent, who claimed control of the double-pointed shuttle. Although this claim was without justification, as can be seen by examining the Bradshaw patent specifications, Wilson did not have sufficient funds to fight the claim. In order to avoid a suit, he relinquished to A. P. Kline and Edward Lee, a one-half interest in his U.S. patent 7,776 "
92:
is sometimes called the hook. The bobbin inserts from the rear, and the tip is pointed for the purpose of intercepting the small loop temporarily created (by a brief upward needle motion) in the upper thread—see pictures below of its operation. The bobbin too is long and slender to fit inside the shuttle; in this regard it is very different than the fat rotary bobbins of later sewing machines.
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In 1868, Stephen French, working at the Gold Medal Sewing
Machine Company in Orange, Massachusetts, patented an improved method of driving the vibrating arm. He used this mechanism in his designs of both the "Home Shuttle" sewing machine (from Johnson, Clark & Co., a related enterprise) and the
91:
Early vibrating shuttle designs inherited the boat-shaped shuttle used in transverse shuttle machines, where the bobbin is inserted from the open side of the "boat". In the 1880s, bullet shuttles became dominant. The bullet shuttle is long and slender, shaped like a bullet, with a pointed tip that
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The vibrating shuttle was a significant innovation towards the goal of a simple, fast, and reliable lockstitch sewing machine, and the design remained popular for decades. Indeed, even twenty-five years later, on 10 October 1910, Singer was awarded US patent 1005177 for a new shuttle-ejector
273:
The following photo gallery shows the vibrating shuttle cycling through a single stitch. In the pictures, the silver sliding covers have been opened to show the operation of the shuttle; normally they would be closed to prevent interference between the workpiece and the shuttle.
230:
The initial design of the Porter/Baker shuttle would change little throughout the 86 years that it would remain in production at White and then at Singer. This can be seen in the following shuttle-threading diagrams taken from the White and Singer instruction manuals:
63:
a sewing machine intertwines two threads: an upper thread (descending with the needle into the workpiece from above) and a lower thread (ascending into the workpiece from the bobbin below). To intertwine them, the machine must pass its shuttle (containing the
87:
shuttle machine, by contrast, 'vibrates' its shuttle in a circular arc. This movement represents less total mechanical motion, which means less friction, less wear, higher maximum speed, and higher reliability than in a transverse shuttle system.
385:
Rotary and hook-based designs are superior because they do not cause their sewing machine to shake and 'walk' the way that vibrating and transverse shuttles do. Vibrating shuttle machines nevertheless remained in production until the 1960s.
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Shuttle is forward again, having completely passed through the loop in the upper thread. Loop in upper thread is now being pulled straight (trapping the lower thread in a lockstitch) by the take-up arm. Needle is still up.
132:. Wilson's original patent is US patent 7776, granted 12 November 1850, with reissues RE345 on 22 January 1856 and RE414 on 9 December 1856. The second page of his patent, showing the shuttle in its arc, is shown at left.
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Shuttle is midway, and its point ('hook') has passed through the loop in the upper thread. Upper thread is now looped around the shuttle's waist. Needle is up.
217:
The vibrating shuttle's next development came in 1885, at the hands of
Scottish immigrant Robert Whitehill. He designed a new machine around it which
326:
Shuttle is rearward and beginning to move forward again. Needle moves slightly upward to form a small loop in the upper thread at the needle's eye.
147:
His machine "had a considerable sale, but was not satisfactory to its inventor, who set himself to work to produce something more practical"—a new
171:(The next model designed by Gold Medal, in 1878, was called the "New Home", and it proved so popular that the company was reincorporated as the
195:
developed a machine around the vibrating shuttle which became the company's flagship product—so much so that it was originally named the "
373:
mechanism for it. (The improvement is one of those incorporated into the 'modernized' models 127 and 128 that replaced the 27 and 28.)
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Early sewing machines of the 19th century oscillate their shuttles back and forth on linear horizontal tracks—an arrangement called a "
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First White Sewing
Machine built in 1876, last documented Singer 128 production batch ET613325-ET638324 built in 1962; refer to the
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sewing machines during the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. It supplanted earlier
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Later sewing machines abandoned such designs in favor of the faster rotary and/or hook-based designs.
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Shuttle is forward and beginning to move rearward. Needle is up and beginning to move downward.
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Last documented Singer 128 production batch ET613325-ET638324 built in 1962; refer to the
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and the lower thread) through a loop temporarily created from the upper thread.
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http://commons.wikimedia.org/File:Singer.1920sAdvertisingFolder.back.jpg
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Underside of Gold Medal "Home", showing
Stephen French's vibrator design
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sewing machine, the vibrating shuttle was not invented at Singer.
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He was soon beset with patent litigation from the owners of the
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199:", only later taking the name "White Vibrating Shuttle" when a
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Shuttle is midway and still moving rearward. Needle is down.
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418:(1968), chapter two, page 26, retrieved 2010-08-05 from
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See text of this 1920s advertising card from Singer:
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Page 2 from Wilson's patent 7776, showing the shuttle
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design that would eventually prevail over all other
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124:in 1850, just one year before he would invent the
420:https://www.gutenberg.org/files/32677/32677.txt
32:shuttle designs, but was itself supplanted by
498:
438:Johnson's Universal Cyclopedia: A New Edition
8:
1111:
505:
491:
483:
75:Singer bullet shuttle with bobbin exposed
395:
203:model was added to the product line.
7:
160:Gold Medal "Home" sewing machine.
416:The Invention of the Sewing Machine
187:Page from White company literature
14:
1282:
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130:lockstitch bobbin driver designs
48:Vibrating shuttle in its carrier
435:Adams, Charles Kendall (1895).
173:New Home Sewing Machine Company
1:
193:White Sewing Machine Company
120:It was actually invented by
102:Singer's 27/127 model series
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378:
223:
205:
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221:bought and popularized.
100:Although popularized by
474:Singer Model 27 and 127
457:Singer Model 27 and 127
241:Singer Model 27 and 127
226:Singer Model 27 and 127
1198:Frister & Rossmann
890:Hook-and-loop fastener
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339:
322:
305:
288:
261:
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117:
76:
56:
49:
1168:Barthélemy Thimonnier
414:Grace Rogers Cooper,
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338:
321:
304:
287:
260:
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237:White Sewing Machine
186:
166:
115:
74:
59:In order to create a
55:
47:
1278:at Wikimedia Commons
208:White Sewing Machine
197:White Sewing Machine
24:design used in home
1315:American inventions
1289:Clothing portal
553:Fabric tube turning
422:or 2010-08-31 from
470:production records
453:production records
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340:
323:
306:
289:
262:
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189:
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81:transverse shuttle
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57:
50:
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1294:Glossary of terms
1274:Media related to
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1260:
1243:Tape edge machine
662:Embroidery stitch
476:page for details.
459:page for details.
365:
364:
266:
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36:shuttle designs.
18:vibrating shuttle
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1248:Viking/Husqvarna
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477:
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179:Porter and Baker
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1325:Sewing machines
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977:Pattern notcher
972:Needle threader
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583:Heirloom sewing
558:Floating canvas
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122:Allen B. Wilson
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992:Pinking shears
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750:Seam allowance
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573:Gore (fabrics)
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441:. p. 449.
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379:Main article:
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155:Stephen French
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1108:Manufacturers
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1037:Tracing paper
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1017:Stitching awl
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814:Passementerie
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137:John Bradshaw
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22:bobbin driver
19:
1027:Tape measure
1022:Tailor's ham
1007:Sewing gauge
885:Hook-and-eye
657:Cross-stitch
647:Chain stitch
642:Catch stitch
632:Blind stitch
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368:Obsolescence
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191:In 1876,the
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84:
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1084:Haberdasher
1002:Seam ripper
834:Self-fabric
809:Interfacing
789:Collar stay
745:Felled seam
687:Pick stitch
652:Coverstitch
201:rotary hook
149:rotary hook
126:rotary hook
1309:Categories
1183:Elias Howe
1144:Simplicity
1079:Dressmaker
987:Pincushion
967:Needlecase
962:Dress form
921:Grain/bias
875:Buttonhole
844:Twill tape
755:Style line
682:Pad stitch
672:Lockstitch
637:Buttonhole
617:Backstitch
521:Techniques
390:References
175:in 1882.)
61:lockstitch
30:transverse
26:lockstitch
1134:Clothkits
1124:Butterick
1094:Silkwoman
1059:Suppliers
914:Materials
784:Bias tape
717:Topstitch
692:Rantering
667:Hemstitch
269:Operation
213:Whitehill
85:vibrating
1223:New Home
1154:Machines
1139:McCall's
1116:Patterns
997:Scissors
858:Closures
839:Soutache
829:Rickrack
740:Neckline
707:Stoating
677:Overlock
622:Bar tack
603:Stitches
593:Shirring
151:design.
139:patent:
40:Overview
34:rotating
1178:Brother
1173:Bernina
1032:Thimble
926:Selvage
849:Wrights
799:Galloon
794:Elastic
768:Notions
702:Sashiko
697:Running
627:Blanket
538:Darning
528:Basting
96:History
1320:Sewing
1276:Sewing
1238:Singer
1233:Sewmor
1218:Merrow
1203:Janome
1193:Feiyue
1099:Tailor
1089:Mercer
1074:Draper
1055:Trades
957:Bobbin
936:Thread
905:Zipper
870:Button
865:Buckle
824:Ruffle
819:Piping
722:Zigzag
578:Gusset
563:Gather
514:Sewing
219:Singer
108:Wilson
83:". A
66:bobbin
1253:White
1228:Pfaff
1208:Jones
1129:Burda
950:Tools
895:Shank
732:Seams
588:Pleat
568:Godet
20:is a
1213:Juki
1188:Elna
1159:list
941:Yarn
900:Snap
880:Frog
773:Trim
712:Tack
608:list
543:Ease
982:Pin
533:Cut
1311::
348:5
331:4
314:3
297:2
280:1
16:A
1161:)
1157:(
610:)
606:(
506:e
499:t
492:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
