1672:
870:
1689:
400:
1706:
463:
67:
1657:
1795:
1643:
454:, and natural establishment from derivatives of hybrids between cultivars and wild forms. In contrast to wild forms, the weed forms of adzuki bean are used as a substitute for the cultivated form and consumed as sweet beans, especially if cultivated adzuki beans are attacked by pests. However, in cultivated gardens the weed form is recognized as contamination and lowers the seed quality of adzuki cultivars.
1757:
1740:
1671:
1723:
1781:
49:
782:. In 1998, the annual crop yield was around 100,000 tonnes (98,000 long tons; 110,000 short tons). In 2006, Japan consumed about 140,000 tonnes (140,000 long tons; 150,000 short tons)/year. Japan is the largest importer of adzuki beans. The imports come from China, Korea, Colombia, Taiwan, US, Thailand, and Canada.
970:
The seeds are smooth and subcylindric with a length of 5.0–9.1 millimetres (0.20–0.36 in), width of 4.0–6.3 millimetres (0.16–0.25 in), thickness of 4.1–6.0 millimetres (0.16–0.24 in). The thousand kernel weight is between 50 and 200 g. There are many different seed colours from maroon
770:
The adzuki bean is mainly cultivated in China (670,000 hectares (1,700,000 acres)), Japan (60,000 hectares (150,000 acres)), South Korea (25,000 hectares (62,000 acres)), and Taiwan (15,000 hectares (37,000 acres)) (data published 2006). The bean is also grown commercially in the US, South
America,
386:
of adzuki beans resulted in a trade-off between yield and seed size. Cultivated adzuki beans have fewer but longer pods, fewer but larger seeds, a shorter stature, and also a smaller overall seed yield than wild forms. The exact place of domestication is not known; multiple domestication origins in
816:
The sowing of the peas is in 2–3 centimetres (0.79–1.18 in) depth in rows 30–90 centimetres (12–35 in) apart and 10–45 centimetres (3.9–17.7 in) within the row. Rarely seeds are sown by broadcast. The amount of seeds ranges between 8–70 kilograms per hectare (7.1–62.5 lb/acre).
390:
Seed remains of Adzuki beans discovered at the
Central Highlands of Japan were dated to c. 6,000–4,000 BP, and represent the to date oldest evidence for its cultivation, supporting an origin in Japan. Evidence suggests that "wild azuki bean have been domesticated and cultivated in Japan for over
1688:
1486:, the adzuki bean is commonly sweetened before eating. In particular, it is often boiled with sugar, producing red bean paste, a very common ingredient in all of these cuisines. It is common to add flavoring to the bean paste, such as chestnut. Red bean paste is used in many
795:. Hot temperatures stimulate vegetative growth and are therefore less favorable for pea production. The adzuki bean is usually not irrigated. Annual rainfall ranges from 500 to 1,750 millimetres (20 to 69 in) in areas where the bean is grown. The plant can withstand
371:
occurred around 50,000 years ago. Archaeologists estimate it was domesticated around 3000 BC. However, adzuki beans, as well as soybeans, dating from 3000 BC to 2000 BC are indicated to still be largely within the wild size range. Enlarged seeds occurred during the later
1847:
Yang, K; Tian, Z; Chen, C; Luo, L; Zhao, B; Wang, Z; Yu, L; Li, Y; Sun, Y; Li, W; Chen, Y; Li, Y; Zhang, Y; Ai, D; Zhao, J; Shang, C; Ma, Y; Wu, B; Wang, M; Gao, L; Sun, D; Zhang, P; Guo, F; Wang, W; Li, Y; Wang, J; Varshney, R. K; Wang, J; Ling, H. Q; Wan, P (2015).
799:
but severe reduction in yield is expected. The cultivation of the adzuki bean is possible on preferably well drained soils with pH 5–7.5. Fertilizer application differs widely depending on expected yield but is generally similar to soybean. Due to nodulation with
2553:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
869:
399:
957:
Adzuki pods are smooth, cylindrical and thin-walled. The colour of the pods is green turning white to grey as they mature. The size is between 5–13 by 0.5 centimetres (1.97 in–5.12 in × 0.20 in) with 2 to 14 seeds per pod.
790:
Optimal temperature range for adzuki bean growth is between 15 and 30 °C (59 and 86 °F). The crop is not frost-hardy and needs soil temperatures above 6–10 °C (43–50 °F) (30–34 °C (86–93 °F) optimal) for
983:
and takes 7–20 days. Compared to other pulses the growth of the plant is slow. Normally the adzuki plant reaches maturity between 80 and 120 days depending on the cultivar and the environmental conditions.
573:
1473:
893:
bushy erect or twining herb usually between 30 and 90 centimetres (12 and 35 in) high. There exist climbing or prostrate forms of the plant. The stem is normally green and sparsely
2532:
3384:
3115:
1858:
416:. Important breeding traits are yield, pureness of the bean colour, and the maturing time. Separate cultivars with smaller seeds and higher biomass are bred for
3167:
821:
is crucial mainly between germination and flowering. Cultivation systems differ largely among different countries. In China adzuki bean is often grown in
3345:
3063:
2670:
3397:
3358:
3128:
3076:
885:
The description of the adzuki bean can vary between authors because there are both wild and cultivated forms of the plant. The adzuki bean is an
3229:
450:
forms of adzuki bean frequently occur in Japan. The wide spread of weed forms is due to adaptation to human-disturbed habitats, escapes of old
2565:
1553:. Some East Asian cultures enjoy red bean paste as a filling or topping for various kinds of waffles, pastries, baked buns, or biscuits.
2560:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
2639:
2524:
3371:
3102:
1800:
3402:
3133:
1705:
2579:
2115:"Contrasting Patterns in Crop Domestication and Domestication Rates: Recent Archaeobotanical Insights from the Old World"
2663:
2520:
2462:
3319:
2972:
2744:
878:
492:
909:
type of root system that can reach a depth of 40–50 centimetres (16–20 in) from the point of seed germination.
3410:
3242:
2898:
2339:
2241:
929:. Leaflets are ovate and about 5–10 centimetres (2.0–3.9 in) long and 5–8 centimetres (2.0–3.1 in) wide.
3469:
3172:
1656:
1549:. A more liquid version, using adzuki beans boiled with sugar and a pinch of salt, produces a sweet dish called
959:
504:
3415:
3247:
2613:
66:
3484:
3474:
3464:
3050:
2656:
2617:
2166:"Domestication of azuki bean and soybean in Japan: From the insight of archeological and molecular evidence"
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3042:
2500:
2406:
3037:
2915:
2165:
1642:
1469:
31:
2602:
1318:
653:
In
English the beans are often described as "red beans" in the context of Chinese cuisine, such as with
193:
3363:
3081:
1460:
1756:
610:) still is used in botanical or agricultural parlance. In everyday Chinese, the more common terms are
3182:
3011:
2953:
2628:
History of Azuki Beans
Worldwide (300 BCE to 2021): Extensively Annotated Bibliography and Sourcebook
1867:
1370:
1331:
980:
829:. Harvest of the peas should not be done as long as moisture content of the seed is higher than 16%.
1739:
2846:
2771:
1612:(table). In a 100-gram reference amount, cooked beans provide 536 kilojoules (128 kilocalories) of
1383:
3159:
2315:
462:
3436:
3268:
3234:
3003:
2092:
1968:
1939:
1823:
1483:
1292:
1272:
1095:
61:
3389:
3146:
3120:
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2985:
2822:
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2571:
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2371:
2195:
2146:
2048:
1995:
1895:
1722:
1396:
1183:
993:
805:
435:, with more than 3,700 accessions, and Japan, at the Tokachi Agricultural Experiment Station,
431:
collections of adzuki bean are in China, at the
Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (CAAS),
308:
232:
3208:
2185:
2177:
2136:
2128:
2119:
2084:
2038:
2030:
1985:
1977:
1931:
1885:
1875:
1628:
1305:
1200:
989:
926:
722:
706:
705:(literally: red bean). In some parts of India, the beans are referred to as "red chori". In
593:
214:
3190:
2893:
2802:
2797:
2791:
1922:
1491:
1487:
104:
1472:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
2190:
1871:
3479:
3216:
2841:
2784:
2765:
2679:
2141:
2114:
2043:
2014:
1990:
1963:
1890:
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1818:
1808:
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1005:
938:
890:
874:
838:
654:
476:
413:
404:
91:
2607:
2501:"Potential New Specialty Crops from Asia: Azuki Bean, Edamame Soybean, and Astragalus"
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2835:
2096:
1679:
1601:
1597:
1550:
1051:
942:
826:
383:
210:
1943:
962:
during seed ripening and harvesting might be a difficulty under certain conditions.
3441:
3337:
3273:
2990:
2856:
2851:
2696:
2075:
1507:
1037:
886:
858:
818:
421:
279:
3324:
3311:
2977:
2879:
3300:
2964:
2626:
3154:
3089:
2947:
2866:
2777:
1981:
1813:
1786:
1696:
1617:
1613:
1526:
1021:
854:
849:. Furthermore, pests such as the adzuki pod worm, Japanese butterbur borer, and
792:
491:
is a transliteration of the native
Japanese アヅキ, as it was spelled according to
427:
More than 300 cultivars/landraces/breeding lines are registered in Japan. Large
237:
2555:
1854:) provides insight into high starch and low fat accumulation and domestication"
424:. Locally adapted cultivars are available in China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan.
17:
2817:
2807:
1962:
Kaga, Akito; Isemura, Takehisa; Tomooka, Norihiko; Vaughan, Duncan A. (2008).
1776:
1357:
1217:
1166:
918:
822:
373:
352:
327:
2938:
2088:
2069:
Lee, Gyoung-Ah (2012). "Archaeological perspectives on the origins of azuki (
412:
In Japan, the adzuki bean was one of the first crops subjected to scientific
3024:
2861:
2812:
2759:
1880:
1764:
1730:
1713:
1663:
1621:
1585:
1557:
1344:
1250:
985:
586:
451:
428:
286:
160:
3428:
3260:
2575:
2199:
2150:
2052:
1999:
1899:
3195:
307:
most familiar in East Asia have a uniform red color, but there are white,
3423:
3294:
3255:
2932:
2872:
2722:
2712:
2132:
1747:
1581:
1530:
1522:
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779:
515:
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304:
241:
150:
117:
2343:
2181:
48:
3350:
3068:
2998:
2754:
2717:
2164:
Takahashi, Yu; Nasu, Hiroo; Nakayama, Seiji; Tomooka, Norihiko (2023).
1935:
1828:
1605:
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1542:
1538:
1129:
922:
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796:
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552:
472:
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140:
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2034:
1780:
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2728:
2707:
2702:
1624:
1534:
1495:
1233:
946:
894:
846:
775:
740:
601:
507:. All are meant to represent the same Modern Japanese pronunciation,
417:
312:
130:
2909:
1964:"The Genetics of Domestication of the Azuki Bean (Vigna angularis)"
825:
with maize, sorghum and millet while in Japan the bean is grown in
3376:
3107:
3029:
2749:
1920:
Yamaguchi, Hirofumi (1992). "Wild and Weed Azuki Beans in Japan".
1518:
1514:
1503:
868:
808:
of up to 100 kilograms per hectare (89 lb/acre) is possible.
718:
562:
461:
398:
170:
78:
2648:
2734:
1409:
480:
447:
300:
282:
3016:
2913:
2652:
1580:) is cooked for auspicious occasions. Adzuki beans are used in
1609:
1561:
1071:
650:", because almost all Chinese cultivars are uniformly red.
2499:
Lumpkin, T.A.; Konovsky, J.C.; Larson, K.J.; McClary, D.C.
2525:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
499:, reflecting the modern spelling アズキ, or less commonly as
752:
745:
533:, which means "small bean", its counterpart "large bean"
343:
The wild ancestor of cultivated adzuki bean is probably
774:
In Japan, the adzuki bean is the second most important
685:, "bean"), rather than being considered a type of it.
837:
Fungal and bacterial diseases of the adzuki bean are
3284:
2922:
1445:
1433:
1408:
1395:
1382:
1369:
1356:
1343:
1330:
1317:
1304:
1291:
1270:
1249:
1232:
1216:
1199:
1182:
1165:
1148:
1127:
1092:
1068:
1050:
1034:
1020:
1015:
2557:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
949:consisting of six to ten (two to twenty) flowers.
925:and arranged alternately along the stem on a long
1616:, a moderate to high content (10% or more of the
1282:
1139:
1567:Traditionally in Japan, rice with adzuki beans (
699:
1859:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
542:
519:
2372:"Floridata Plant Encyclopedia Vigna Angularis"
584:
556:
536:
526:
2664:
734:
727:
711:
630:
612:
251:
8:
2603:Illustrated Plant Genetic Resources Database
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
1010:
687:
680:
673:
666:
659:
30:"Azuki" redirects here. For other uses, see
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
693:("beans") without qualifiers usually means
2910:
2671:
2657:
2649:
2625:Shurtleff, William; Aoyagi, Akiko (2021).
2614:" Multilingual taxonomic information"
2521:United States Food and Drug Administration
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
1109:
1009:
289:for its small (approximately 5 mm or
47:
38:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2189:
2140:
2042:
1989:
1889:
1879:
771:India, New Zealand, Congo, and Angola.
351:, which is distributed across East Asia.
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2108:
2106:
1839:
1638:
1596:Cooked adzuki beans are 66% water, 25%
1957:
1955:
1953:
817:Growth of the crop is slow, therefore
2064:
2062:
988:lasts 30–40 days. Commonly the plant
657:. In Korean, adzuki beans are called
495:. The name is also transliterated as
7:
3183:1349e255-aa82-4adc-a540-7aab5e3d0724
753:
592:. In China, the corresponding name (
1850:"Genome sequencing of adzuki bean (
2342:. Seedsofindia.com. Archived from
979:The emergence of the seedlings is
971:to blue-black mottled with straw.
917:The leaves of the adzuki bean are
25:
2634:. Lafayette, CA: Soyinfo Center.
2415:(Willdenow) Ohwi & H. Ohashi"
2246:[Willd.] Ohwi et Ohashi)"
1588:with the whole bean or as paste.
3416:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:492901-1
3248:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:525291-1
2015:"Draft sequence of adzuki bean,
1793:
1779:
1755:
1738:
1721:
1704:
1687:
1670:
1655:
1641:
1556:Adzuki beans are commonly eaten
505:alternate system of romanization
65:
2582:from the original on 2024-05-09
2535:from the original on 2024-03-27
2316:"Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi"
1801:Agriculture and Agronomy portal
439:, with about 2,500 accessions.
387:East Asia have been suggested.
717:and is a common ingredient of
642:
624:
606:
1:
2608:Alternative Field Crop Manual
1011:Adzuki beans, cooked, no salt
697:. In Vietnamese it is called
285:widely cultivated throughout
56:Also called "red mung beans"
1468:Percentages estimated using
746:
514:Japanese also has a Chinese
380:, periods with plough use.
339:Speciation and domestication
2745:Crossing-the-bridge noodles
1982:10.1534/genetics.107.078451
1026:536 kJ (128 kcal)
1016:Nutritional value per 100 g
728:
712:
688:
674:
660:
631:
613:
585:
543:
520:
493:historical kana orthography
3501:
2899:History of Chinese cuisine
1513:It serves as a filling in
1003:
739:), literally meaning 'red
29:
2889:
2686:
2405:Wu, Delin; Thulin, Mats.
2113:Fuller, Dorian Q (2007).
1608:, and contain negligible
1467:
1457:
1453:
1429:
1421:
1266:
1262:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1108:
1088:
1084:
1064:
1060:
1030:
757:) meaning "red cowpeas".
735:
681:
667:
637:
619:
597:
557:
537:
527:
252:
236:
199:
192:
62:Scientific classification
60:
55:
46:
41:
27:East and south Asian crop
2089:10.1177/0959683612460788
1631:(11% to 27% DV, table).
671:) and it contrasts with
555:. It is common to write
2618:University of Melbourne
2013:Kang, Yang Jae (2015).
1881:10.1073/pnas.1420949112
1592:Nutritional information
1470:US recommendations
941:and bright yellow. The
786:Ecological requirements
743:'. In Iraq its name is
1627:(30% DV), and several
1474:the National Academies
905:The adzuki bean has a
882:
700:
484:
409:
311:, gray, and variously
32:Azuki (disambiguation)
1114:Vitamins and minerals
945:is an axillary false
872:
853:attack the crop. The
465:
402:
1560:or boiled in a hot,
565:but pronounce it as
334:Origin and diversity
226:, also known as the
2182:10.1270/jsbbs.22074
1872:2015PNAS..11213213Y
1866:(43): 13213–13218.
1461:USDA Database entry
1201:Pantothenic acid (B
1012:
937:Adzuki flowers are
473:Japanese confection
318:Scientists presume
3286:Dolichos angularis
2250:geb.uni-giessen.de
2133:10.1093/aob/mcm048
2023:Scientific Reports
1936:10.1007/bf02866509
1824:Sea Island red pea
1484:East Asian cuisine
1435:Other constituents
883:
833:Pests and diseases
503:, according to an
485:
420:production and as
410:
3452:
3451:
3204:Open Tree of Life
2916:Taxon identifiers
2907:
2906:
2823:Steam pot chicken
2567:978-0-309-48834-1
2463:"Vigna angularis"
2374:. Steve Christman
2035:10.1038/srep08069
1480:
1479:
1425:
1424:
994:cross-pollination
806:nitrogen fixation
725:, it is known as
646:), both meaning "
477:adzuki bean paste
221:
220:
185:V. angularis
16:(Redirected from
3492:
3470:Japanese cuisine
3445:
3444:
3432:
3431:
3419:
3418:
3406:
3405:
3393:
3392:
3380:
3379:
3367:
3366:
3354:
3353:
3341:
3340:
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3327:
3315:
3314:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3277:
3276:
3264:
3263:
3251:
3250:
3238:
3237:
3225:
3224:
3212:
3211:
3199:
3198:
3186:
3185:
3176:
3175:
3163:
3162:
3150:
3149:
3137:
3136:
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3123:
3111:
3110:
3098:
3097:
3085:
3084:
3072:
3071:
3059:
3058:
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3045:
3033:
3032:
3020:
3019:
3007:
3006:
2994:
2993:
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2956:
2943:
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2941:
2911:
2673:
2666:
2659:
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2507:
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2421:
2402:
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2379:
2368:
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2354:
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2336:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2311:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2237:
2204:
2203:
2193:
2170:Breeding Science
2161:
2155:
2154:
2144:
2120:Annals of Botany
2110:
2101:
2100:
2066:
2057:
2056:
2046:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1993:
1976:(2): 1013–1036.
1959:
1948:
1947:
1917:
1904:
1903:
1893:
1883:
1844:
1803:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1759:
1742:
1725:
1708:
1691:
1674:
1659:
1645:
1629:dietary minerals
1286:
1237:
1221:
1204:
1187:
1170:
1153:
1143:
1110:
1013:
857:is an important
845:, and bacterial
756:
755:
749:
738:
737:
731:
715:
703:
691:
684:
683:
677:
670:
669:
663:
644:
639:
634:
626:
621:
616:
608:
599:
590:
582:, an example of
580:
579:
578:
576:
560:
559:
550:
548:
540:
539:
532:
530:
529:
523:
298:
297:
293:
261:
255:
254:
245:
205:
70:
69:
51:
39:
21:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3440:
3435:
3427:
3422:
3414:
3409:
3401:
3396:
3388:
3383:
3375:
3370:
3362:
3357:
3349:
3344:
3336:
3331:
3323:
3318:
3310:
3308:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3280:
3272:
3267:
3259:
3254:
3246:
3241:
3233:
3228:
3220:
3215:
3207:
3202:
3194:
3191:Observation.org
3189:
3181:
3179:
3171:
3166:
3158:
3153:
3145:
3140:
3132:
3127:
3119:
3114:
3106:
3101:
3093:
3088:
3080:
3075:
3067:
3062:
3054:
3049:
3041:
3036:
3028:
3023:
3015:
3010:
3002:
2997:
2989:
2984:
2976:
2971:
2963:
2961:
2954:Vigna angularis
2952:
2951:
2946:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2924:Vigna angularis
2918:
2908:
2903:
2894:Chinese cuisine
2885:
2772:Granny's potato
2682:
2677:
2642:
2631:
2624:
2612:
2599:
2594:
2585:
2583:
2568:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2538:
2536:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2505:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2476:
2467:
2465:
2460:
2459:
2428:
2419:
2417:
2413:Vigna angularis
2404:
2403:
2386:
2377:
2375:
2370:
2369:
2358:
2349:
2347:
2346:on 20 July 2011
2338:
2337:
2333:
2324:
2322:
2320:www.prota4u.org
2313:
2312:
2263:
2254:
2252:
2244:Vigna angularis
2239:
2238:
2207:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2071:Vigna angularis
2068:
2067:
2060:
2017:Vigna angularis
2012:
2011:
2007:
1961:
1960:
1951:
1923:Economic Botany
1919:
1918:
1907:
1852:Vigna angularis
1846:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1775:
1768:
1760:
1751:
1743:
1734:
1726:
1717:
1709:
1700:
1692:
1683:
1675:
1666:
1660:
1651:
1646:
1637:
1600:, including 7%
1594:
1517:sweets such as
1463:
1458:
1416:
1403:
1390:
1377:
1364:
1351:
1338:
1325:
1312:
1299:
1287:
1257:
1244:
1235:
1227:
1219:
1211:
1202:
1194:
1185:
1177:
1168:
1160:
1151:
1144:
1115:
1104:
1099:
1080:
1075:
1046:
1041:
1008:
1002:
990:self-pollinates
977:
968:
955:
935:
915:
903:
879:historical kana
867:
835:
814:
788:
768:
763:
574:
572:
571:
570:
534:
524:
460:
445:
397:
391:10,000 years".
365:Vigna angularis
357:Vigna angularis
345:Vigna angularis
341:
336:
320:Vigna angularis
299: in long)
295:
291:
290:
230:
224:Vigna angularis
217:
207:
203:Vigna angularis
201:
188:
64:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Vigna angularis
15:
12:
11:
5:
3498:
3496:
3488:
3487:
3485:Yunnan cuisine
3482:
3477:
3475:Korean cuisine
3472:
3467:
3465:Edible legumes
3457:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3442:wfo-0000192391
3433:
3420:
3407:
3394:
3381:
3368:
3355:
3342:
3329:
3316:
3306:
3290:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3274:wfo-0000187878
3265:
3252:
3239:
3226:
3213:
3200:
3187:
3177:
3164:
3151:
3138:
3125:
3112:
3099:
3086:
3073:
3060:
3047:
3034:
3021:
3008:
2995:
2982:
2969:
2959:
2944:
2928:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2842:Sichuan pepper
2839:
2832:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2813:Pineapple rice
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2769:
2766:Jidou liangfen
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2680:Yunnan cuisine
2678:
2676:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2640:
2622:
2610:
2605:
2598:
2597:External links
2595:
2593:
2592:
2566:
2545:
2512:
2474:
2426:
2384:
2356:
2340:"Indian beans"
2331:
2261:
2242:"Adzukibohne (
2205:
2176:(2): 117–131.
2156:
2127:(5): 903–924.
2102:
2083:(3): 453–459.
2058:
2029:(8069): 8069.
2005:
1949:
1930:(4): 384–394.
1905:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1819:Red bean paste
1816:
1811:
1809:Black-eyed pea
1805:
1804:
1790:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1761:
1754:
1752:
1744:
1737:
1735:
1727:
1720:
1718:
1710:
1703:
1701:
1693:
1686:
1684:
1676:
1669:
1667:
1661:
1654:
1652:
1649:Red bean paste
1647:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1593:
1590:
1488:Chinese dishes
1478:
1477:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1437:
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1388:
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1366:
1362:
1360:
1354:
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1340:
1336:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1276:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1240:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1156:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1106:
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1100:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1006:Red bean paste
1001:
998:
976:
973:
967:
964:
954:
951:
939:papilionaceous
934:
931:
914:
911:
902:
899:
875:Kawahara Keiga
866:
863:
839:powdery mildew
834:
831:
827:crop rotations
813:
810:
787:
784:
767:
766:Area and yield
764:
762:
759:
655:red bean paste
459:
456:
444:
441:
414:plant breeding
405:Seikei Zusetsu
396:
393:
340:
337:
335:
332:
219:
218:
208:
197:
196:
190:
189:
182:
180:
176:
175:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
121:
120:
115:
108:
107:
102:
95:
94:
89:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
58:
57:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3497:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3443:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3307:
3302:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3275:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3174:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2955:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2708:Banana flower
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2674:
2669:
2667:
2662:
2660:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2643:
2641:9781948436540
2637:
2630:
2629:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2549:
2546:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2502:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2464:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2373:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2018:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1766:
1758:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1741:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1724:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1707:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1690:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:hong dou tang
1673:
1668:
1665:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1620:, DV) of the
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1602:dietary fiber
1599:
1598:carbohydrates
1591:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1564:-like drink.
1563:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1551:hong dou tang
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1420:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1239:
1231:
1224:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1206:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1181:
1174:
1172:
1167:Riboflavin (B
1164:
1157:
1155:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1052:Dietary fiber
1049:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:Carbohydrates
1033:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1007:
1000:Culinary uses
999:
997:
996:also exists.
995:
991:
987:
982:
974:
972:
965:
963:
961:
952:
950:
948:
944:
943:inflorescence
940:
932:
930:
928:
924:
920:
912:
910:
908:
900:
898:
896:
892:
888:
880:
876:
871:
864:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
832:
830:
828:
824:
820:
811:
809:
807:
803:
798:
794:
785:
783:
781:
777:
772:
765:
760:
758:
750:
748:
742:
732:
730:
724:
720:
716:
714:
709:it is called
708:
704:
702:
696:
692:
690:
678:
676:
664:
662:
656:
651:
649:
645:
635:
633:
627:
617:
615:
609:
603:
595:
591:
589:
588:
581:
577:
568:
564:
554:
547:
546:
522:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
482:
478:
474:
470:
469:
464:
457:
455:
453:
449:
442:
440:
438:
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
407:
406:
401:
394:
392:
388:
385:
384:Domestication
381:
379:
375:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
338:
333:
331:
329:
325:
321:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
288:
284:
281:
277:
276:red mung bean
273:
269:
265:
259:
249:
243:
239:
234:
229:
225:
216:
212:
206:
204:
198:
195:
194:Binomial name
191:
187:
186:
181:
178:
177:
174:
173:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
92:Tracheophytes
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
68:
63:
59:
54:
50:
45:
42:Adzuki beans
40:
37:
33:
19:
3285:
2923:
2878:
2871:
2857:Sweet potato
2852:Spring rolls
2847:Shiping tofu
2834:
2827:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2764:
2727:
2695:
2690:
2627:
2584:. Retrieved
2556:
2548:
2537:. Retrieved
2528:
2515:
2504:. Retrieved
2466:. Retrieved
2418:. Retrieved
2412:
2408:
2376:. Retrieved
2348:. Retrieved
2344:the original
2334:
2323:. Retrieved
2319:
2253:. Retrieved
2249:
2243:
2173:
2169:
2159:
2124:
2118:
2080:
2076:The Holocene
2074:
2070:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2008:
1973:
1967:
1927:
1921:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1842:
1814:Kidney beans
1763:
1746:
1729:
1712:
1695:
1678:
1595:
1575:
1566:
1555:
1512:
1508:red bean ice
1481:
1439:
1434:
1283:
1278:
1271:
1140:
1135:
1128:
1094:
1070:
1036:
978:
969:
956:
936:
916:
904:
884:
859:storage pest
836:
819:weed control
815:
789:
773:
769:
747:lūbyā ḥamrāˈ
744:
726:
710:
698:
686:
672:
658:
652:
647:
641:
629:
623:
611:
605:
583:
569:
566:
544:
513:
508:
500:
496:
488:
486:
466:
446:
426:
422:green manure
411:
403:
389:
382:
368:
364:
360:
356:
348:
344:
342:
323:
319:
317:
275:
271:
267:
263:
257:
247:
227:
223:
222:
202:
200:
184:
183:
171:
124:
111:
98:
85:
36:
3155:NatureServe
3090:iNaturalist
2948:Wikispecies
2867:Xuanwei ham
2691:Adzuki bean
1787:Food portal
1697:put chai ko
1662:Azuki bean
1618:Daily Value
1614:food energy
1527:imagawayaki
1150:Thiamine (B
960:Pod shatter
881:usage (アヅキ)
877:. Note the
873:Drawing by
855:bean weevil
793:germination
761:Cultivation
754:لوبيا حمراء
729:lal chavali
483:, and sugar
361:nipponensis
349:nipponensis
324:nipponensis
315:varieties.
228:adzuki bean
157:Subfamily:
105:Angiosperms
3459:Categories
3217:Plant List
2808:Palm sugar
2803:Nashi pear
2586:2024-06-21
2539:2024-03-28
2506:2016-11-09
2468:2016-11-09
2420:2016-11-09
2378:2016-11-08
2350:2011-08-25
2325:2016-11-03
2255:2016-11-03
2240:Schuster.
1835:References
1490:, such as
1358:Phosphorus
1004:See also:
975:Physiology
919:trifoliate
823:intercrops
812:Production
778:after the
551:being the
443:Weed forms
374:Bronze Age
353:Speciation
328:progenitor
268:aduki bean
264:azuki bean
3301:Q39183703
3147:120930543
3056:242354363
3043:242354363
2880:Zhe'ergen
2862:Tangerine
2818:Pu'er tea
2798:Mushrooms
2760:Jackfruit
2097:130903554
1765:botamochi
1762:Japanese
1745:Japanese
1731:sirutteok
1714:patbingsu
1664:ice cream
1622:B vitamin
1586:ice cream
1500:mooncakes
1371:Potassium
1345:Manganese
1332:Magnesium
1251:Vitamin C
1234:Folate (B
1218:Vitamin B
1184:Niacin (B
986:Flowering
889:, rarely
587:jukujikun
487:The name
452:cultivars
429:germplasm
369:angularis
305:cultivars
287:East Asia
215:H. Ohashi
209:(Willd.)
179:Species:
161:Faboideae
75:Kingdom:
3429:13018763
3424:Tropicos
3390:10171332
3377:492901-1
3295:Wikidata
3261:13040507
3256:Tropicos
3222:ild-3442
3160:2.147361
3121:10580599
3108:525291-1
2933:Wikidata
2873:Xidoufen
2723:Eggplant
2713:Barbeque
2580:Archived
2576:30844154
2533:Archived
2523:(2024).
2314:Jansen.
2200:37404345
2191:10316305
2151:17495986
2053:25626881
2000:18245368
1969:Genetics
1944:22975059
1900:26460024
1773:See also
1748:dorayaki
1694:Chinese
1677:Chinese
1582:amanattō
1558:sprouted
1523:dorayaki
1515:Japanese
1492:tangyuan
1440:Quantity
1384:Selenium
1279:Quantity
1273:Minerals
1136:Quantity
1130:Vitamins
981:hypogeal
891:biennial
843:stem rot
841:, brown
802:rhizobia
780:soy bean
736:लाल चवळी
695:soybeans
648:red bean
516:loanword
475:made of
437:Hokkaido
395:Breeding
378:Iron Age
355:between
278:, is an
272:red bean
253:Uncommon
242:hiragana
233:Japanese
151:Fabaceae
147:Family:
118:Eudicots
3351:3974448
3209:1065959
3069:2982508
2999:Ecocrop
2939:Q380279
2792:Mi xian
2755:Hot pot
2740:Flowers
2718:Coconut
2142:2759199
2044:5389050
1991:2248364
1891:4629392
1868:Bibcode
1829:Sekihan
1711:Korean
1635:Gallery
1606:protein
1577:sekihan
1547:daifuku
1543:taiyaki
1539:anmitsu
1352:0.57 mg
1293:Calcium
1212:0.43 mg
1195:0.72 mg
1178:0.06 mg
1161:0.12 mg
1096:Protein
933:Flowers
927:petiole
923:pinnate
907:taproot
851:cutworm
797:drought
723:Marathi
707:Punjabi
625:hóngdòu
614:hongdou
607:xiǎodòu
594:Chinese
553:soybean
433:Beijing
326:is the
313:mottled
294:⁄
167:Genus:
141:Fabales
137:Order:
79:Plantae
3403:512430
3325:243042
3312:128099
3309:APDB:
3230:PLANTS
3196:123463
3180:NZOR:
3134:505691
3095:122889
3017:648839
2978:181520
2962:APDB:
2836:Rushan
2829:Rubing
2785:Mi gan
2729:Erkuai
2703:Bamboo
2638:
2574:
2564:
2198:
2188:
2149:
2139:
2095:
2051:
2041:
1998:
1988:
1942:
1898:
1888:
1728:Korea
1625:folate
1545:, and
1535:monaka
1506:, and
1496:zongzi
1417:1.8 mg
1397:Sodium
1391:1.2 μg
1378:532 mg
1365:168 mg
1313:0.3 mg
1306:Copper
1245:121 μg
1228:0.1 mg
1045:24.8 g
1022:Energy
953:Fruits
947:raceme
913:Leaves
895:pilose
887:annual
865:Botany
847:blight
776:legume
741:cowpea
701:đậu đỏ
643:chìdòu
632:chidou
628:) and
604::
602:pinyin
596::
575:listen
489:adzuki
418:fodder
408:, 1804
303:. The
280:annual
258:adzuki
240:(アズキ,
213:&
131:Rosids
3480:Vigna
3385:IRMNG
3364:14461
3338:376XB
3235:VIAN7
3116:IRMNG
3082:41598
3030:PHSAN
2991:5BDLX
2965:68164
2750:Honey
2735:Ferns
2632:(PDF)
2461:FAO.
2409:Vigna
2093:S2CID
1940:S2CID
1604:, 8%
1531:manjū
1519:anpan
1504:baozi
1446:Water
1339:52 mg
1300:28 mg
1103:7.5 g
1079:0.1 g
1056:7.3 g
966:Seeds
901:Roots
721:. In
719:chaat
713:rajma
567:azuki
563:kanji
545:daizu
521:shōzu
509:azuki
501:aduki
497:azuki
468:Yōkan
458:Names
367:var.
359:var.
347:var.
322:var.
309:black
274:, or
256:アヅキ,
248:azuki
172:Vigna
125:Clade
112:Clade
99:Clade
86:Clade
3411:POWO
3398:ITIS
3372:IPNI
3359:GRIN
3346:GBIF
3320:APNI
3243:POWO
3173:3914
3168:NCBI
3142:IUCN
3129:ITIS
3103:IPNI
3077:GRIN
3064:GBIF
3025:EPPO
3004:2147
2973:APNI
2778:Lufu
2697:Baba
2636:ISBN
2572:PMID
2562:ISBN
2196:PMID
2147:PMID
2073:)".
2049:PMID
1996:PMID
1896:PMID
1584:and
1449:66 g
1410:Zinc
1404:8 mg
1326:2 mg
1319:Iron
1258:0 mg
992:but
689:Kong
675:kong
481:agar
471:, a
448:Weed
363:and
301:bean
283:vine
244:あずき)
211:Ohwi
3437:WFO
3333:CoL
3269:WFO
3051:FoC
3038:FNA
3012:EoL
2986:CoL
2529:FDA
2411:.:
2186:PMC
2178:doi
2137:PMC
2129:doi
2125:100
2085:doi
2039:PMC
2031:doi
1986:PMC
1978:doi
1974:178
1932:doi
1886:PMC
1876:doi
1864:112
1610:fat
1562:tea
1510:.
1482:In
1415:16%
1376:18%
1363:13%
1350:25%
1337:12%
1324:11%
1311:33%
1284:%DV
1243:30%
1159:10%
1141:%DV
1072:Fat
661:pat
561:in
376:or
3461::
3439::
3426::
3413::
3400::
3387::
3374::
3361::
3348::
3335::
3322::
3297::
3271::
3258::
3245::
3232::
3219::
3206::
3193::
3170::
3157::
3144::
3131::
3118::
3105::
3092::
3079::
3066::
3053::
3040::
3027::
3014::
3001::
2988::
2975::
2950::
2935::
2616:.
2578:.
2570:.
2531:.
2527:.
2477:^
2429:^
2387:^
2359:^
2318:.
2264:^
2248:.
2208:^
2194:.
2184:.
2174:73
2172:.
2168:.
2145:.
2135:.
2123:.
2117:.
2105:^
2091:.
2081:23
2079:.
2061:^
2047:.
2037:.
2025:.
2021:.
1994:.
1984:.
1972:.
1966:.
1952:^
1938:.
1928:46
1926:.
1908:^
1894:.
1884:.
1874:.
1862:.
1856:.
1574:;
1541:,
1537:,
1533:,
1529:,
1525:,
1521:,
1502:,
1498:,
1494:,
1402:0%
1389:2%
1298:2%
1256:0%
1226:6%
1210:9%
1193:5%
1176:5%
921:,
897:.
861:.
804:,
640:;
638:赤豆
622:;
620:红豆
600:;
598:小豆
558:小豆
541:,
538:大豆
528:小豆
518:,
511:.
479:,
330:.
270:,
266:,
262:,
250:,
246:,
238:小豆
235::
127::
114::
101::
88::
2672:e
2665:t
2658:v
2644:.
2620:.
2589:.
2542:.
2509:.
2471:.
2423:.
2407:"
2381:.
2353:.
2328:.
2258:.
2202:.
2180::
2153:.
2131::
2099:.
2087::
2055:.
2033::
2027:5
2019:"
2002:.
1980::
1946:.
1934::
1902:.
1878::
1870::
1572:飯
1569:赤
1476:.
1238:)
1236:9
1220:6
1205:)
1203:5
1188:)
1186:3
1171:)
1169:2
1154:)
1152:1
751:(
733:(
682:콩
679:(
668:팥
665:(
636:(
618:(
549:)
535:(
531:)
525:(
296:4
292:1
260:)
231:(
34:.
20:)
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