570:
109:, and other useful test signals, for troubleshooting and analyzing television systems. These devices are generally intended for off-line use (test patterns are seldom broadcast, unless a station is not operating properly or is off the air at the time), as they output complete television signals. Examples of signals output by such a device include:
298:(SPG) is a special type of generator which produces synchronization signals, with a high level of stability and accuracy. These devices are used to provide a master timing source for a video facility. The output of an SPG will typically be in one of several forms, depending on the needs of the facility:
39:
of television devices and to stimulate faults in, or aid in parametric measurements of, television and video systems. There are several different types of video signal generators in widespread use. Regardless of the specific type, the output of a video generator will generally contain synchronization
285:
of a television signal. Unlike test signal generators; a VITS inserter is used to insert the test signal into live programming, so that inline measurements of a transmission chain can be made while the chain is operational. (As the vertical interval is typically not visible on end-user televisions,
88:
Many manufacturers sell signal generation platforms, which can be populated with multiple modules providing the above capabilities (and supporting different formats). Many such platforms also include audio generation capability (as television includes audio as well as video), supporting either
286:
this can be done without producing any artifacts noticeable to viewers). Since VITS signals can often be transmitted, it is also possible for a television station to receive its own on-air feed, and use the VITS to detect and troubleshoot problems in on-air transmission.
576:
64:
Video signal generators are primarily classed according to their function. In addition, they may be classified according to the video formats and interface standard they support—one generator may generate composite analog signals (typically
614:
134:
applications, as it is the "red difference" portion of the chroma signal whose phase alternates every line; the red field should appear as a solid block of color, with no visible "bands" going across the
607:
227:
used to scramble serial digital signals, resulting (with a high degree of probability) in a long strings of zeroes or ones, followed by a long string of the opposite polarity, on the digital (
257:
In addition, sophisticated signal generators may allow modification of the video timing, adjustment of the gains of the various components (including out of range), the introduction of
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253:
RP178 (for SD) and RP198 (for HD), is a test signal which contains one of the above signals in the upper portion of the video, and the other in the lower portion of the video.
180:
Some generators achieved a relative popularity, due to channels broadcasting test cards for long periods where no programming was scheduled. Patterns associated with
Philips (
325:
format. As the resulting signal is usually indistinguishable from an all-black television signal of the same format, this sort of reference is commonly known as
238:
is another pathological signal, consisting of a long string of zeroes or ones, followed by a single bit of the opposite polarity. It can cause poorly designed
352:(the main difference being, in VGA the horizontal and vertical syncs are carried on different wires; whereas TLS signals include both H and V syncs).
370:
are devices used to insert a television station's logo, or other fixed graphics, into a live television signal. Often called a "Bug
Generator."
496:
40:
signals appropriate for television, including horizontal and vertical sync pulses (in analog) or sync words (in digital). Generators of
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126:, a signal consisting of nothing but a specific color (typically white, black, a shade of gray, or one of the
120:, and/or that a television signal or plant is compliant with the appropriate analog transmission standards
672:
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of a serial digital receiver; this is done by outputting a bit pattern which, after passing through the
32:
697:
497:"Signals produced by CCVS + Component Generator SAF and CCVS Generator SFF Standard BG/PAL and N/PAL"
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344:' signal is used instead. This signal is virtually identical to the synchronization signal used in
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signal, used to check the relative (inter-channel) timing of a component video signal.
130:(red, green, and blue) at maximum saturation). A red field is especially important in
116:, one of several test signals used to verify the proper reproduction of a TV system's
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signal in facilities that have analog equipment. Typically, this is either in
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200:), or Snell & Wilcox (Zone Plate) generators are generally well known.
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265:(into digital signals), the introduction of motion, or other effects.
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signals, used to test the frequency response of a television system
520:"Snell & Wilcox SUPERVISOR - Multi-Standard Display Processor"
394:
250:
231:) signal; an issue which can cause poorly designed PLLs to unlock.
25:
479:"Non-UK Television Test Cards, Tuning Signals, Clocks and Idents"
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461:"Videogenerator VG 1001 Equipment Grundig Radio-Vertrieb, RVF"
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348:(CAV); and is similar to the synchronization signals used in
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A Guide to
Digital Television Systems and Measurements
421:"Combined colour/monochrome pattern generator PM 5544"
812:
756:
630:
543:"Video Essentials: Snell & Wilcox Zone Plate"
434:(2). Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Philips: 1–6.
624:Electrical and electronic measuring equipment
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8:
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338:In some high-definition applications, a '
35:waveforms, and other signals used in the
428:Electronic Measuring and Microwave Notes
411:
309:In standard-definition applications, a
275:vertical interval test signal inserter
203:A few specialized signals are used in
583:Usage of Video Test Pattern Generator
7:
588:Philips TV Measuring Equipment, 1980
571:NTSC Systems Television Measurements
577:PAL Systems Television Measurements
481:. January 12, 2016. Archived from
419:Hendil, F (1970). Sudar, T (ed.).
14:
73:, or both), another may generate
60:Types of video signal generators
281:inserts test patterns into the
219:test signal used to stress the
225:linear feedback shift register
56:signal as part of the output.
1:
93:or standalone audio formats.
820:Arbitrary waveform generator
723:Transformer ratio arm bridge
159:, used to check the voltage
24:which outputs predetermined
77:, and a third may generate
887:
360:
871:Electronic test equipment
866:Film and video technology
825:Digital pattern generator
718:Time-to-digital converter
713:Time-domain reflectometer
380:Video display controller
346:component analogue video
249:signal, standardized by
44:video signals (such as
845:Video-signal generator
163:of a television system
97:Test signal generators
52:) will also include a
18:video signal generator
673:Microwave power meter
581:Video Products, Inc.
313:signal, often with a
236:equalizer test signal
192:), Grundig VG 1001 (
103:test signal generator
698:Peak programme meter
296:sync pulse generator
290:Sync pulse generator
465:www.radiomuseum.org
363:Character generator
167:Crosshatch patterns
830:Function generator
853:
852:
789:Spectrum analyzer
728:Transistor tester
658:Frequency counter
653:Electricity meter
643:Capacitance meter
283:vertical interval
221:phase-locked loop
157:staircase signals
878:
840:Signal generator
794:Waveform monitor
774:Network analyzer
617:
610:
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575:Tektronix, Inc.
569:Tektronix, Inc.
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547:www.cinedrome.ch
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835:Sweep generator
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648:Distortionmeter
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563:Tektronix, Inc.
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485:on 2016-01-12.
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368:Logo inserters
361:Main article:
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341:tri-level sync
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269:VITS inserters
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247:SDI Checkfield
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20:is a type of
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779:Oscilloscope
764:Bus analyzer
663:Galvanometer
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537:
526:. Retrieved
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503:. Retrieved
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483:the original
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443:. Retrieved
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799:Vectorscope
733:Tube tester
703:Psophometer
683:Megohmmeter
332:black burst
184:, PM 5552,
139:Multibursts
124:Flat fields
118:color gamut
33:oscillation
860:Categories
813:Generation
804:Videoscope
693:Peak meter
678:Multimeter
528:2023-12-28
505:2023-12-28
406:References
315:colorburst
263:bit errors
198:Color Bars
114:Color bars
105:generates
54:colorburst
30:television
743:Voltmeter
738:Wattmeter
668:LCR meter
440:0374-4043
400:Test card
196:) SMPTE (
161:linearity
42:composite
757:Analysis
748:VU meter
688:Ohmmeter
631:Metering
374:See also
75:CCIR 601
708:Q meter
638:Ammeter
445:4 March
205:digital
190:PM 5644
186:PM 5544
182:PM 5540
135:screen.
28:and/or
438:
306:signal
259:jitter
174:bowtie
145:, and
143:sweeps
523:(PDF)
500:(PDF)
424:(PDF)
395:ETP-1
327:black
277:, or
251:SMPTE
215:is a
147:pulse
26:video
447:2021
436:ISSN
432:1970
319:NTSC
245:The
234:The
229:NRZI
211:The
194:FuBk
172:The
155:and
79:MPEG
67:NTSC
48:and
46:NTSC
350:VGA
329:or
323:PAL
321:or
261:or
132:PAL
83:ASI
71:PAL
50:PAL
862::
545:.
463:.
430:.
426:.
302:A
294:A
273:A
188:,
141:,
101:A
85:.
69:,
16:A
616:e
609:t
602:v
549:.
531:.
508:.
467:.
449:.
335:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.