695:
347:
339:
25:
331:
135:
413:
The exact shape of this region varies depending on what kind of camera lens is being simulated, but typically it is a frustum of a rectangular pyramid (hence the name). The planes that cut the frustum perpendicular to the viewing direction are called the
422:. Objects closer to the camera than the near plane or beyond the far plane are not drawn. Sometimes, the far plane is placed infinitely far away from the camera so all objects within the frustum are drawn regardless of their distance from the camera.
432:
process those objects that lie completely outside the viewing frustum. Rendering these objects would be a waste of resources since they are not directly visible. To make culling fast, it is usually done using
317:
736:
651:
624:
597:
545:
502:
310:
729:
108:
760:
42:
564:
477:
the projection reference point – the point where the image is projected from, for parallel projection, the PRP is at infinity.
89:
46:
61:
755:
429:
303:
722:
425:
371:
68:
236:
35:
75:
375:
205:
57:
220:
407:
378:
185:
506:
494:
359:
124:
351:
286:
210:
694:
254:
249:
702:
667:
647:
641:
620:
614:
593:
587:
541:
535:
510:
706:
616:
Visual
Effects in A Digital World: A Comprehensive Glossary of over 7000 Visual Effects Terms
82:
291:
281:
266:
469:
the viewing reference point – a point located on the view plane, and the origin of the VRC.
346:
434:
271:
215:
450:
394:
276:
200:
190:
461:
the view-up vector – the vector on the view plane that indicates the upward direction.
749:
531:
490:
370:
is the region of space in the modeled world that may appear on the screen; it is the
159:
338:
164:
154:
149:
24:
261:
195:
244:
134:
399:
180:
537:
Essentials of
Interactive Computer Graphics: Concepts and Implementation
330:
385:
501:
of the frustum. Together this information can be used to calculate a
354:, the viewing frustum is shaped like a box as opposed to a pyramid.
345:
337:
329:
16:
Region of space in the modeled world that may appear on the screen
384:
The view frustum is typically obtained by taking a geometrical
18:
437:
surrounding the objects rather than the objects themselves.
592:(2nd ed.). Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 413.
710:
406:
as a synonym for view frustum itself, i.e. consider it
402:
typically used in computer graphics. Some authors use
398:that a camera or eye would have to the rectangular
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
388:—that is a truncation with parallel planes—of the
342:The appearance of an object in a pyramid of vision
730:
643:The Art of 3D: Computer Animation and Effects
311:
8:
493:angle (in the 'y' direction), as well as an
737:
723:
318:
304:
133:
120:
497:. Further, a set of z-planes define the
392:, which is the adaptation of (idealized)
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
485:the viewing-reference coordinate system.
522:
228:
172:
141:
123:
646:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 185.
7:
691:
689:
559:
557:
428:is the process of removing from the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
709:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
670:. lighthouse3d.com. 15 April 2011
534:; Steven Baer (6 November 2008).
693:
619:. Morgan Kaufmann. p. 409.
23:
34:needs additional citations for
1:
489:The geometry is defined by a
567:. Microsoft. 15 August 2012
237:Computer-generated imagery
777:
688:
540:. CRC Press. p. 390.
449:the view-plane normal – a
565:"What Is a View Frustum?"
640:Isaac V. Kerlow (2004).
589:Principles of Multimedia
761:Computer graphics stubs
613:Karen Goulekas (2001).
426:Viewing-frustum culling
705:–related article is a
668:"View Frustum Culling"
586:Ranjan Parekh (2013).
355:
343:
335:
221:Virtual cinematography
125:Three-dimensional (3D)
379:virtual camera system
349:
341:
333:
186:Computer-aided design
756:3D computer graphics
360:3D computer graphics
43:improve this article
499:near and far bounds
352:parallel projection
287:Global illumination
211:Virtual engineering
453:to the view plane.
356:
344:
336:
718:
717:
703:computer graphics
653:978-0-471-43036-0
626:978-0-08-052071-1
599:978-1-259-00650-0
547:978-1-56881-257-1
511:graphics pipeline
503:projection matrix
404:pyramid of vision
390:pyramid of vision
328:
327:
127:computer graphics
119:
118:
111:
93:
58:"Viewing frustum"
768:
739:
732:
725:
697:
690:
680:
679:
677:
675:
664:
658:
657:
637:
631:
630:
610:
604:
603:
583:
577:
576:
574:
572:
561:
552:
551:
527:
435:bounding volumes
350:When creating a
320:
313:
306:
292:Volume rendering
282:Crowd simulation
267:Wire-frame model
240:
137:
121:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
776:
775:
771:
770:
769:
767:
766:
765:
746:
745:
744:
743:
686:
684:
683:
673:
671:
666:
665:
661:
654:
639:
638:
634:
627:
612:
611:
607:
600:
585:
584:
580:
570:
568:
563:
562:
555:
548:
529:
528:
524:
519:
443:
364:viewing frustum
324:
272:Texture mapping
238:
216:Virtual reality
126:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
774:
772:
764:
763:
758:
748:
747:
742:
741:
734:
727:
719:
716:
715:
698:
682:
681:
659:
652:
632:
625:
605:
598:
578:
553:
546:
521:
520:
518:
515:
507:transformation
505:for rendering
487:
486:
483:
479:
478:
475:
471:
470:
467:
463:
462:
459:
455:
454:
447:
442:
439:
395:cone of vision
334:A view frustum
326:
325:
323:
322:
315:
308:
300:
297:
296:
295:
294:
289:
284:
279:
277:Motion capture
274:
269:
264:
259:
258:
257:
252:
242:
231:
230:
229:Related topics
226:
225:
224:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
201:Visual effects
198:
193:
191:Graphic design
188:
183:
175:
174:
170:
169:
168:
167:
162:
157:
152:
144:
143:
139:
138:
130:
129:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
773:
762:
759:
757:
754:
753:
751:
740:
735:
733:
728:
726:
721:
720:
714:
712:
708:
704:
699:
696:
692:
687:
669:
663:
660:
655:
649:
645:
644:
636:
633:
628:
622:
618:
617:
609:
606:
601:
595:
591:
590:
582:
579:
566:
560:
558:
554:
549:
543:
539:
538:
533:
532:Peter Shirley
530:Kelvin Sung;
526:
523:
516:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:field of view
484:
481:
480:
476:
473:
472:
468:
465:
464:
460:
457:
456:
452:
448:
445:
444:
440:
438:
436:
431:
427:
423:
421:
417:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
396:
391:
387:
382:
380:
377:
373:
372:field of view
369:
365:
361:
353:
348:
340:
332:
321:
316:
314:
309:
307:
302:
301:
299:
298:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
256:
253:
251:
248:
247:
246:
243:
241:
235:
234:
233:
232:
227:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
206:Visualization
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
178:
177:
176:
171:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
147:
146:
145:
140:
136:
132:
131:
128:
122:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
711:expanding it
700:
685:
672:. Retrieved
662:
642:
635:
615:
608:
588:
581:
569:. Retrieved
536:
525:
498:
495:aspect ratio
488:
424:
419:
415:
412:
403:
393:
389:
383:
368:view frustum
367:
363:
357:
173:Primary uses
142:Fundamentals
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
441:Definitions
376:perspective
196:Video games
99:August 2014
750:Categories
517:References
416:near plane
262:3D display
69:newspapers
571:1 January
430:rendering
420:far plane
408:truncated
400:viewports
245:Animation
181:3D models
160:Rendering
418:and the
255:skeletal
250:computer
165:Printing
155:Scanning
150:Modeling
674:11 June
386:frustum
83:scholar
650:
623:
596:
544:
451:normal
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
701:This
509:in a
374:of a
239:(CGI)
90:JSTOR
76:books
707:stub
676:2014
648:ISBN
621:ISBN
594:ISBN
573:2022
542:ISBN
362:, a
62:news
482:VRC
474:PRP
466:VRP
458:VUV
446:VPN
366:or
358:In
45:by
752::
556:^
513:.
410:.
381:.
738:e
731:t
724:v
713:.
678:.
656:.
629:.
602:.
575:.
550:.
319:e
312:t
305:v
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
