355:
41:
534:, would be available in May 1984. This muddied the waters significantly, notably when he further claimed it would have a similar feature set, didn't require a hard disk, and cost only $ 250. Windows was released with an even longer delay than Visi On, shipping in November 1985, and was lacking the features that forced Visi On to demand a hard drive.
501:, didn't ship until March 1983). Third-party drives were however available at the time, typically 5MB units that connected to the floppy controller and were treated by the operating system as an oversized floppy disk (there was no subdirectory support). This brought the total cost of running Visi On to $ 7500, three-quarters the cost of the
443:, which became a major competitor to VisiCalc in 1983. By the end of the year, sales had been cut in half. Combined with the exodus of major portions of the senior executive staff and the ongoing battle with VisiCalc's developers, VisiCorp was soon in serious financial difficulty. All hopes for the company's future were placed on Visi On.
198:
used in all of their programs. Another was a common, consistent interface so users would not have to re-learn the UI as they moved from one program to another. Finally, Fylstra was concerned that the time needed to move from one program to another was too long to be useful – a user needing to quickly
546:
in mid-1984 to raise cash as it sued
Software Arts, while continuing to sell the software itself. Sales were apparently very slow; in February 1985, VisiCorp responded by lowering the price of the basic OS to $ 99, knowing that anyone purchasing it would also need to buy the applications. These were
512:. The end-users were less impressed, however, not only due to the high cost of the required hardware, but also the general slowness of the system. In a market where computers were generally used for only one or two tasks, usually business related, the whole purpose of Visi On was seriously diluted.
431:
to succeed VisiCalc, but
Opdendyk was uninterested. This was during a time when VisiCorp and VisiCalc's developers were at an impasse, and VisiCalc was growing increasingly outdated. When Kapor decided to leave, the other executives pressed for a clause forbidding Kapor to work on an "integrated
186:
introduced the concept of a "family" of products that could be sold together, but from a technical perspective none of their products were similar in anything but name. For instance, to use VisiPlot with VisiCalc data, the numbers to be plotted had to be exported in a "raw" format and then
496:
The main disadvantage of Visi On was its extremely high system requirements by 1982 standards. It needed 512 kilobytes of RAM and a hard disk at a time when PCs shipped with 64k-128k and IBM did not yet offer a hard disk with the PC (IBM's first model with a hard drive, the
193:
led a technical discussion on what sorts of actions the user would need to be able to accomplish in order for their products to be truly integrated. They decided that there were three key concepts. One was universal data exchange, which would be supported by a set of common
650:, made mouse registers accessible to the embedded driver, which translated coordinates to cursor position. This internal driver, built-in as a subroutine into VISIONXT.EXE, required Mouse Systems PC-Mouse pointing device. It is not compatible with the
316:
show in 1982. Others in the company were worried that the product was not ready for shipping, and that showing it so early would leave potential customers and distributors upset if it wasn't ready soon after. Another concern was that
246:
A contract was soon signed, and work on project "Quasar" started almost immediately. The name was shortly thereafter changed to Visi On, a play on "vision" that retained their "Visi" naming. An experimental port to the ill-fated
411:
investors, had an extremely autocratic management style that led to the departure of many key executives. From late 1981 to the eventual release of Visi On, most of the product management of the company left, notably
527:). Although it didn't compete directly with Visi On, which was really a "PC product", it nevertheless demonstrated that a GUI could indeed be fast and relatively inexpensive, both of which Visi On failed to deliver.
164:
One of Visi On's features was an hourglass cursor that indicated when the system was loading data from a disk. At the time, most software would display words on the screen like "busy" or "please wait" instead.
547:
bundled, all three for $ 990. This improved the situation somewhat, but sales were still far below projections, and it was certainly not helping the company stave off the problems due to Lotus 1-2-3.
150:. It was one of the first GUIs on a personal computer. Visi On was never popular, as it had steep minimum system requirements for its day, but it was influential in the development of later GUIs like
304:, Steve Jobs claimed that neither VisiOn nor Microsoft's Windows would be the standard windowing software on IBM PCs, instead saying that IBM's own windowing software would become the standard.
199:
look something up in VisiDex would have to save and exit VisiCalc, look up the information, and then quit that and re-launch VisiCalc again. This process had to be made quicker and simpler.
523:
with much fanfare. Although the
Macintosh was seriously lacking software, it was faster, cheaper, and included one feature Visi On lacked: a graphical file manager (the
1175:
1122:
407:
While Visi On development continued, VisiCorp as an entity was in the process of self-destruction. Terry
Opdendyk, the president hand-picked by the early
416:
in charge of VisiCalc development, Ed Esber, Roy Folk, Visi On's product marketing manager, among others. This was referred to as "corporate civil war".
157:
VisiCorp had programs for sale that were compatible with VisiOn, including a spreadsheet program called "VisiOn Calc". (Not to be confused with
1451:
1422:
661:
development environment. Visi On was targeted toward high-end (expensive) PC workstations. Visi On applications were written in a subset of
458:"the... publisher is putting the product on computer store shelves... Visi On was scheduled to be available during the last week in October"
820:
775:
722:
624:
332:. It became one of the most talked-about products in the industry. However this huge success led to a number of very serious problems.
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394:
849:
1226:
1170:
324:
The demonstrations at COMDEX were a huge success. Many viewers had to be told it was not simply a movie they were watching, and
1145:
1115:
266:
Visi On had many features of a modern GUI, and included a few that did not become common until many years later. It was fully
1642:
1338:
1236:
376:
684:
Making working copies of the original floppy disks using modern methods is difficult - they are protected using pre-created
530:
Adding to the release's problems was Bill Gates, who took a page from VisiCorp's book and announced that their own product,
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1165:
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reported in the
February 7, 1984 issue that they still hadn't received the product in its commercially available form.
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1324:
231:
that was working on a GUI, and arranged for Scott Warren and Dennis Abbe to visit
Personal Software's headquarters in
99:
631:
and later, VISIONXT.EXE requires modifications which prevent Graph and other applications from functioning properly.
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1392:
1231:
1108:
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662:
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128:
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It was Mitch Kapor's departure that would prove most devastating to the company, however. Kapor, developer of
1216:
550:
Following declining VisiCalc sales and low revenues from Visi On, in
November 1985, the company merged with
20:
1604:
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It will work on newer PCs, but requires a compatible mouse and hard disk partition under 15MB as only the
606:
243:
microcomputer, a seriously underpowered machine for the task. Personal
Software was extremely impressed.
219:
computer featuring a graphical user interface (GUI), and by that point it was a well known "secret" that
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was being released at the same show, and there was some worry that it might be lost in the shuffle.
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Only eight VisiCorp employees were still developing Visi On when VisiCorp sold the source code to
1490:
1397:
554:. The new company kept the Paladin name. VisiCorp, and its line of "VisiProducts", were history.
312:
Tom Powers, VisiCorp's new VP of marketing, pushed for the system to be demonstrated at the fall
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642:, which over time became the standard, were introduced later (in May 1983). Visi On used two
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297:
Shortly after Apple introduced the Lisa, VisiCorp announced that it was developing Visi On.
109:
1094:, showing Visi On Word, Visi On Calc, Visi On Graph, and the Archive Manager running on an
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408:
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for a number of different machines. In early 1982 Personal
Software changed their name to
178:
In the spring of 1981, Personal
Software was cash-flush from the ever-increasing sales of
488:, was released in December 1983 and sold for $ 495, requiring a mouse for another $ 250.
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VisiC, and a third-party could have ported the core software (VisiHost, VisiMachine
1402:
1024:
901:
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543:
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system used for "fast switching", and at the time hard drives were very expensive.
283:
223:
was working on a low-cost computer with a GUI that would later be released as the
40:
508:
The press continued to laud the product, going so far as to claim it represented
328:
speculated that the PC was in fact simply a terminal for a "real" machine like a
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182:, and the corporate directors sat down and planned out their future directions.
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51:
723:"Visicalc sales slip as founding firms wrangle - Dealers could get cold feet"
278:, and allowed the user to open a number of programs at once, each in its own
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was completed in November, and after that, development work shifted to the
227:. Personal Software's president, Terry Opdendyk, knew of a two-man team in
969:"Troubled VisiCorp Shifts Visi On Code To CDC for Cash: Sticks to Selling"
1594:
1095:
1080:
1000:
702:
697:
183:
179:
158:
147:
56:
677:, but that never occurred. In 1984, VisiCorp's assets were sold off to
432:
spreadsheet", but Opdendyk couldn't be bothered, exclaiming "Kapor is a
263:, and was betting much of the future success of the company on Visi On.
1589:
1518:
1288:
727:
379: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
252:
597:
572:
313:
240:
143:
1100:
776:"Windowing: a Software Capability for Enhancing Personal Computers"
466:"By the time Visi On was actually shipped on December 16, 1983,..."
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228:
208:
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658:
1104:
1574:
427:, had been pressing for the development of a greatly improved
348:
329:
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file system is supported. In addition, as it revectors some
341:
articles, the company mentioned a late summer 1983 release.
1029:"Mouse and new WP program join Microsoft product lineup"
740:
738:
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1346:
1337:
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1245:
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1138:
108:
98:
80:
70:
62:
50:
688:and other methods of floppy disk identification.
19:"VisiOn" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1081:Nathan Lineback's GUI Gallery - VisiCorp Visi On
282:. Visi On did not, however, include a graphical
562:Official system requirements for Visi On were:
1116:
994:
992:
274:display for both text and graphics, included
8:
906:"Integrated software: Windows on the future"
790:"Steve Jobs on the Future of Apple Computer"
587:1 Floppy Disk Drive, DS/DD, 40 Track, 48 tpi
33:
935:. Vol. 6, no. 27. pp. 48–51.
914:. Vol. 5, no. 46. pp. 54–61.
890:. Vol. 5, no. 44. pp. 22–23.
858:. Vol. 8, no. 7. pp. 166–182
829:. Vol. 8, no. 6. pp. 256–278
1343:
1251:
1123:
1109:
1101:
948:"Who'll Clean Up with PC Window Software?"
746:"Multifunction Products For Professionals"
32:
395:Learn how and when to remove this message
300:In an interview before the launch of the
904:; Freiberger, Paul (November 14, 1983).
657:Writing Visi On applications required a
1037:. Vol. 5, no. 22. p. 10.
714:
1058:. Vol. 8, no. 12. p. 48
977:. Vol. 3, no. 19. p. 41
464:However, the July 2, 1984 issue says:
462:"VisiCorp has just released Visi On."
460:. The November 14, 1983 issue said:
235:. They demonstrated a version of the
7:
946:Langdell, James (February 7, 1984).
377:adding citations to reliable sources
239:programming language running on the
14:
615:capable of displaying CGA 640x200
1227:Object-oriented operating system
848:Woodmansee, George (July 1983).
353:
39:
1048:Lemmons, Phil (December 1983).
756:. February 1984. pp. 33–37
364:needs additional citations for
335:In separate June and July 1983
1237:Supercomputer operating system
925:Caruso, Denise (2 July 1984).
436:", denigrating his abilities.
129:graphical user interface (GUI)
1:
967:Webster, Robin (1984-10-02).
439:Kapor would go on to release
16:Operating environment program
1212:Just enough operating system
1197:Distributed operating system
850:"Visi On's Interface Design"
640:Microsoft-compatible PC mice
510:the end of operating systems
486:Visi On Applications Manager
45:Visi On Applications Manager
1325:User space and kernel space
819:Lemmons, Phil (June 1983).
454:"Finally, Visi On is here,"
146:. Visi On was developed by
1664:
1232:Real-time operating system
956:. Vol. 3, no. 2.
882:"Finally, Visi On is here"
821:"A Guided Tour of Visi On"
290:in order to implement its
286:. Visi On also demanded a
18:
1428:Multilevel feedback queue
1423:Fixed-priority preemptive
1207:Hobbyist operating system
1202:Embedded operating system
927:"Can Visicorp come back?"
778:. The Lewiston Daily Sun.
38:
1471:General protection fault
1222:Network operating system
1176:User features comparison
679:Control Data Corporation
452:, in an article titled,
104:1.01 / Currently unknown
1217:Mobile operating system
1320:Loadable kernel module
580:5 Megabyte Hard Disk (
86:; 40 years ago
84:December 16, 1983
1643:Operating system APIs
1388:Process control block
1354:Computer multitasking
1192:Disk operating system
558:Technical information
446:The October 31, 1983
233:Sunnyvale, California
133:operating environment
1559:Virtual tape library
1151:Forensic engineering
434:spaghetti programmer
373:improve this article
1568:Supporting concepts
1554:Virtual file system
1050:"Microsoft Windows"
798:Hayden Book Company
754:Hayden Book Company
646:. First, loaded in
345:Corporate civil war
35:
1491:Segmentation fault
1339:Process management
1001:"VisiCorp Visi On"
999:Lineback, Nathan.
794:Personal Computing
750:Personal Computing
669:, VISIONXT.EXE in
638:-compatible mice;
302:original Macintosh
140:personal computers
1648:Windowing systems
1625:
1624:
1481:Memory protection
1452:Memory management
1446:
1445:
1438:Shortest job next
1333:
1332:
1132:Operating systems
634:Visi On required
594:-compatible mice)
532:Microsoft Windows
515:In January 1984,
405:
404:
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152:Microsoft Windows
118:
117:
1655:
1580:Computer network
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1087:VisiCorp Visi On
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880:(Oct 31, 1983).
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613:Computer monitor
605:compatible with
603:Graphics Adapter
590:VisiCorp Mouse (
552:Paladin Software
482:operating system
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270:-driven, used a
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30:Operating system
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1524:Defragmentation
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1486:Protection ring
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1027:(30 May 1983).
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667:virtual machine
652:Microsoft Mouse
609:monochrome mode
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484:, known as the
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456:flatly stated:
409:venture capital
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257:cross-compilers
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196:data structures
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123:(also known as
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81:Initial release
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1075:External links
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517:Apple Computer
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292:virtual memory
221:Apple Computer
215:, an advanced
211:announced the
207:In July 1981,
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137:IBM compatible
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100:Latest release
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1638:DOS software
1511:file systems
1403:Time-sharing
1060:. Retrieved
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802:. Retrieved
800:. April 1984
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758:. Retrieved
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371:Please help
366:verification
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276:on-line help
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71:Source model
66:Discontinued
1529:Device file
1519:Boot loader
1433:Round-robin
1358:Cooperative
1294:Rump kernel
1284:Multikernel
1274:Microkernel
1171:Usage share
974:PC Magazine
953:PC Magazine
686:bad sectors
607:CGA 640x200
576:Serial Port
568:User Memory
538:End of life
470:PC Magazine
441:Lotus 1-2-3
429:spreadsheet
414:Mitch Kapor
308:COMDEX demo
217:workstation
191:Dan Fylstra
114:Proprietary
75:Proprietary
1632:Categories
1459:protection
1415:algorithms
1413:Scheduling
1362:Preemptive
1308:Components
1279:Monolithic
1146:Comparison
1062:20 October
1010:2015-09-11
981:25 October
862:20 October
833:20 October
709:References
671:IBM PC DOS
654:standard.
598:MS-DOS 2.0
503:Apple Lisa
326:Bill Gates
288:hard drive
272:bit-mapped
225:Apple Lisa
213:Xerox Star
174:Background
91:1983-12-16
1549:Partition
1466:Bus error
1393:Real-time
1373:Interrupt
1299:Unikernel
1264:Exokernel
1034:InfoWorld
932:InfoWorld
911:InfoWorld
887:InfoWorld
648:text mode
521:Macintosh
492:Reception
449:InfoWorld
425:VisiTrend
249:Apple III
237:Smalltalk
52:Developer
25:Vision On
1595:Live USB
1457:resource
1347:Concepts
1185:Variants
1166:Timeline
1096:emulator
703:VisiCorp
698:VisiCalc
692:See also
627:used by
566:512K of
421:VisiPlot
319:VisiWord
261:VisiCorp
203:Creation
184:Ed Esber
180:VisiCalc
159:VisiCalc
148:VisiCorp
142:running
57:VisiCorp
1590:Live CD
1544:Journal
1508:access,
1506:Storage
1383:Process
1289:vkernel
1156:History
1139:General
1092:YouTube
728:The Age
476:Release
253:DEC VAX
169:History
131:-based
127:) is a
121:Visi On
110:License
89: (
34:Visi On
1398:Thread
1269:Hybrid
1247:Kernel
629:PC/ATs
573:RS-232
525:Finder
314:COMDEX
280:window
241:TRS-80
144:MS-DOS
125:VisiOn
21:Vision
1600:Shell
1539:Inode
621:FAT12
582:FAT12
499:PC XT
268:mouse
229:Texas
209:Xerox
1161:List
1064:2013
1055:BYTE
983:2013
864:2013
855:BYTE
835:2013
826:BYTE
806:2023
762:2023
675:Unix
659:Unix
625:IRQs
480:The
468:and
423:and
338:Byte
1617:PXE
1605:CLI
1585:HAL
1575:API
1378:IPC
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375:by
330:VAX
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