Miraculous births - Knowledge (XXG)

983: 1223:, or obvious to the sight, they become sacara, or embodied. Krishna was such an embodiment and usually bore a human form. In that mode of appearance the deities are generally supposed to be born of a woman, but without any carnal intercourse. This belief is not adhered to by those who follow the Purva Mimansa, or the philosophy of Jaimini. They insist that the Devas were mere mortals whom the Supreme Being endowed with qualities similar to his own. In general, the Hindus perform acts of worship to some of their ancient monarchs and sages, who were deified on account of their eminent virtues. 1786: 1238: 682: 1062:

embraces of her husband, and at once there appeared on her body a mark in colors like a serpent, and she could never get rid of it; so that presently she ceased ever to go to the public baths. In the tenth month after that Augustus was born and was therefore regarded as the son of Apollo. Atia too, before she gave him birth, dreamed that her vitals were borne up to the stars and spread over the whole extent of land and sea, while Octavius dreamed that the sun rose from Atia's womb.

346: 845: 1407:) instructed the Holders of Wisdom (Rig-'dsin) in Dhanakośa in Uḍḍiyāna the contemporary Swat valley. There was a large temple, called bDe-byed-brtsegs-pa; it was surrounded by 1608 smaller chapels. King Uparāja, and Queen sNang-ba-gsal-ba'i-od-ldan-ma resided there. They had a daughter called Sudharmā; she took the novice vows, and soon afterwards the full monastic vows. Sudharmā, together with her maidens, stayed on an island and meditated about the Yoga Tantra ( 663:"It was said that (Zoroaster's) birth was foretold from the beginning of time, and that the moment he was born, he burst out laughing and the whole universe rejoiced with him." After his birth evil demons tried to destroy him, but with Ahura Mazda's protection, he survived all attempts on his life. The Zoroastrian tradition differs from the Christian one because the divine only assists in the preservation of Zoroaster’s seed. "The central scripture, the 1830:), which is recounted throughout several passages in the Quran. The narrative goes that Mary was visited by the angel Gabriel that she will give birth to a holy son, named Isa' (Jesus), the Messiah and that he will be a great prophet, to whom God will give the Injil (Gospel) and he will speak in infancy and maturity and will be a companion to the most righteous. When this news was given to Mary, she asked the angel how she can have a baby as she was a 1057:

warning that nature was pregnant with a king for the Roman People. "Thereupon the Senate in consternation decreed that no male child born that year should be reared; but those whose wives were with child saw to it that the decree was not filed in the treasury, since each one appropriated the prediction to his own family." Boslooper relates several additional stories. In one, Suetonius narrates what he learned from Asclepias of Mendes:

1558:, who were both very old and had been unable to have a child. An angel appeared to Zechariah and told him that Elizabeth would bear a son named John. Zechariah doubted the angel's words and was struck mute until the child's birth. Despite her advanced age, Elizabeth became pregnant and gave birth to John, and Zechariah's speech was restored after he wrote on a tablet that the child's name was to be John, as the angel had commanded. 488: 1508:(also known as Yi), the Emperor Taizu of Liao. According to the legends, his mother dreamed that the sun fell from the sky and into her bosom, from which pregnancy followed. When she gave birth, the room is said to have become filled with a mysterious light and extraordinary fragrance. As a newborn, his body was that of a three-year-old, and the legends go on to say that he was walking at the age of three months. 36: 1070:’s “Fourth Eclogue". The Church fathers later claimed this was a reference to Jesus Christ, however, the poem was dedicated to Pollio, one of the great influential men at the time of the civil wars and Virgil's patron and friend. The hero of the poem is a child born or to be born in 40 B.C., at the time of Pollio's consulate. A new era was expected, in fulfillment of an older oracle. 1329:"Then is described how at his birth he took seven great steps and at the seventh he shouted, 'I am the chief of the world,' how he at birth held in his hand some medicine that became for him the drug by which he later healed the sick and blind and deaf, how at birth he wished to give a gift but was presented one himself by his mother, and how lastly he sang the song of victory.' 779: 365:, which was connected with the goddess Neith of Sais. (page 220) In Upper Egypt, Net was worshipped at Seni and represented with the head of a lioness painted green, with the titles: "Father of fathers and Mother of mothers," and "net-Menhit, the great lady, lady of the south, the great cow who gave birth to the sun, who made the germ of gods and men, the mother of 1639: 979:

discovered the truth he blinded himself. In this story, he is clearly considered to be the son of Laius and Jocasta. This is also obvious in Sophocles' "Oedipus the King". According to Boslooper, "The two passages indicate that in the Greek mind the thoughts of divine and human paternal participation in conception were not mutually exclusive." (p. 178)

238:—the two poles of heaven and the equator. Oannes first appeared from the sea to teach the Babylonians the art of writing, sciences and crafts, the building of cities, the surveying of land, the observation of the stars, and the sowing and harvesting of all kinds of grains and plants. He was believed to have been reincarnated several times. 1317:) which accounted for the lives of Buddha in previous incarnations. In this account, the “Great Being” chose the time and place of his birth, the tribe into which he would be born, and who his mother would be. In the time chosen by him, Maya, his mother, fell asleep and dreamed that four archangels carried her to the 1136:

and was born as her son, Krishna. The Hindu Vishnu Purana relates: "Devaki bore in her womb the lotus-eyed deity...before the birth of Krishna, no one “could bear to gaze upon Devaki, from the light that invested her, and those who contemplated her radiance felt their minds disturbed.” This reference

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after him had the incidents of their birth regularly depicted in temple reliefs.” (As cited by Boslooper) Norden calls this the Hellenistic virgin motif. However, evidence shows that Alexander must have had a double tradition of origin. It is recorded that "Alexander the Great and Augustus are deemed

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Laius ignored the warning, but after the child was born he gave him to shepherds to expose on Mount Cithaeron. The child was found and raised among the keepers of the horses of Polybus. As a grown man, Oedipus did indeed kill his father, not realizing who he was, and then married his mother. When he

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the people would not believe in the miracle, saying that the patriarch and his wife had adopted a foundling and pretended that it was their own son. Abraham thereupon invited all the notables to a banquet on the day when Isaac was to be weaned. Sarah invited the women, who brought their infants with

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There were at least fifteen other Horuses in the Egyptian pantheon, so in the story of Isis and Osiris Horus is "sometimes known as Harsiesis, to distinguish him from the others. He is depicted as a falcon, or with a falcon's head. He eventually avenged Osiris' death and reclaimed the throne, ruling

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and put them to death. 'Ea, his triumph over his enemies secured, in his sacred chamber in profound peace he rested.' (ANET, p. 61, lines 74—75.) Then he took over the place which Apsu had used for his cult and dwelt there with his spouse, Damkina." It was here that Marduk, the "most potent and

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This is occasionally brought up as evidence for the hypothesis that "virgin birth" tales are a fairly common phenomenon in non-Christian religions around the world. However, there is nothing in Hindu scriptures to suggest that it was a "virgin" birth. By the time of conception and birth of Krishna,

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was important in Orphic theology. In Protrepticus ii. 14 ff. by Clement of Alexandria, this child had the form of a bull. Zeus intended to make him the ruler of the universe but the jealous Titans lured the child away, tore him to pieces, cooked him and ate him. Athena preserved his heart, however,

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and also the Pahlavi texts include the tradition that the 'kingly glory' is handed onward from ruler to ruler and from saint to saint for the purpose of illuminating ultimately the soul of the Zarathushtra." Also the scriptures clearly allude to conjugal relations between his parents, during which

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in the 1st century AD. In her aspect of protector of Egypt and its people, Isis is depicted with huge outspread wings. She taught women to grind corn, to spin and to weave, and she taught the people how to cure illnesses. She instituted the rite of marriage. When her consort, Osiris, left Egypt to

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in the mother as a shining gem, and the accompanying wonders in the natural world. These are the Majjhima-Nikāya, 123 Acchariyabbhutadhammasuta III. 119–124; (I. B. Horner, 1959, pp. 164–169); and Māhapadānasutta, Dīgha ii. 12. In the Mahapadana-sutra, Digha ii. 12, is the description of the

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and other Hellenistic kings. Throughout this period there were frequent longings for a savior from the present troubles.” Augustus was said to have had a miraculous birth and a childhood filled with many portents and signs. A few months before he was born a portent was observed at Rome which gave

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for her name is the image of a throne, and her lap came to be seen as the throne of Egypt. Because of her fame Isis eventually absorbed the qualities of almost all the other goddesses; "she was a great mother goddess, a bird goddess, a goddess of the underworld who brought life to the dead, and a

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After giving birth, while resting near the trunk of a palm tree Jesus spoke to Mary from the cradle instructing her to shake the tree and obtain its fruits. After showing Jesus as a newborn to her family Jesus again spoke "Lo, I am God's servant; God has given me the Book, and made me a Prophet.

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Later, the church fathers refer to subsequent books in the Oracles that are clear allusions to Christ, and probably dated from the close of the second or beginning of the 3rd century AD. The first Christian theologians demonstrated in their writings their knowledge of such non-canonical sources.

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When Atia had come in the middle of the night to the solemn service of Apollo, she had her litter set down in the temple and fell asleep, while the rest of the matrons also slept. On a sudden a serpent glided up to her and shortly went away. When she awoke, she purified herself, as if after the

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was dithyrambus, "he who entered life by a double door." His first birth took place prematurely. His mother, Semele, died when Zeus appeared to her in a flash of lightning, and so Zeus opened his own flesh and enclosed the infant. In time, Dionysus was born "perfect" from Zeus' thigh. Dionysus

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became the most popular of the hero gods of Greece. The belief that religion was concerned with sickness and disease was central to his cult. His sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman world became so famous there was a movement to make him a god of the first rank and identify him with Zeus himself.

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Blessed he has made me, wherever I may be; and He has enjoined me to pray, and to give alms, so long as I live and likewise to cherish my mother" in order to dispel rumours of conception. This birth narrative draws strong parallels to the apocryphal tradition of Jesus' birth within the

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with Aram (Syria) and Israel, "Therefore, the Lord, of His own, shall give you a sign; behold, the young woman is with child, and she shall bear a son, and she shall call his name Immanuel." This is generally taken by Judaic commentators to be a reference to the non-miraculous birth of

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include literature written from the 2nd century BC through the 6th century of the Christian era. They contain some material relevant to the birth and infancy of Jesus. But this passage in the Oracles, Book III, probably represents the hopes of pre-Christian Alexandrian Jews.

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which Zeus swallowed. According to Boslooper, Clement omitted one part of the myth that forms a connection between his account and the Theban legend of Dionysus. Because Zeus swallowed the heart of Dionysus Zagreus, when Semele bore Dionysus the new god was Zagreus reborn.

133: 598:. The child came out from his mother after she had died and sat on the bed beside her corpse, already physically developed, clothed, speaking and blessing the Lord, and marked with the badge of priesthood. Forty days later, Melchizedek was taken by the archangel 1706:

guarding their flocks in nearby fields and brings them "good news of great joy": "to you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, who is the Messiah, the Lord." The angel tells them they will find a child wrapped in bands of cloth and lying in a manger.

955:' play "Helen" depends on a tradition begun in the early 6th century B.C. by the Greek poet Stesichorus that Helen was the daughter of Zeus (who took the form of a swan) and Leda. But this might simply be a poetic way of saying that she was hatched from an egg. 1415:

engraved upon it. Three times he set the vessel upon the crown of her head, and light then shone from it. While this happened, she beheld the threefold world perfectly and clearly. Not long after this dream the Bhikṣuṇī gave birth to a true son of the gods.

936:("Lives", Vol. 1, p. 2; pp. 3 ff.). But there were other stories about the birth of Romulus and his brother Remus. The story of Romulus' divine origin says that his mother was the mortal daughter of Aeneas and Lavinia, and his father was Mars. 970:, Loxias, "or the Bacchants' god, dweller on the hilltops ..." and one of the nymphs of Helicon. But in Euripides' "Phoenissae," his mother, Jocasta, says Oedupus is the son of Laius, a mortal, who was warned by the god Phoebus not to have children. 2760: 1727:

After the 1st century, traditions flourished that represented the thinking of that time, and also preserved source material for many of the ideas in the "theological writings of the church fathers." In their present form the

574:, no miraculous birth is implied, merely chastity. The Christian world believes that the verse is a messianic prediction of the miraculous birth of Jesus, as described in various gospels of the New Testament of the Bible. 1321:

where their queens bathed and dressed her. In her dream the Great Being soon entered her womb from her side, in the form of a white elephant. When she woke, she told her dream to the Raja, who summoned sixty-four eminent

480:, and in later Jewish tradition there are stories of matriarchs giving birth where the God of Israel miraculously intervenes. For example, within the Rabbinic literature expansions were made on the birth of the matriarch 1267:

The stories of Buddha's unusual birth developed through the centuries. Two accounts cited by Boslooper tell of the descent of the future Bodhisattva from the "Tusita Body" into the mother's womb, the appearance of the

399:. An important part of this tradition was the legend of the God Re generating with the wife of a priest. "The newborn child was regarded as a god incarnate, and later with appropriate ceremonies he was presented to 392:

peacefully...Herakhty, or 'Horus of the Horizon', was a sun god who rose each morning on the eastern horizon. He was often identified with the sun god, Ra, and was eventually absorbed by him, forming Ra-Herakhty."

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R.D. Aus, Matthew 1-2 and the Virginal Conception in Light of Palestinian and Hellenistic Judaic Traditions on the Birth of Israel's First Redeemer Moses (Studies in Judaism, Landham: University Press of America,

1912:) one day, sweeping and tending to her penance, when she discovered a bundle of feathers on the ground. She decided to save them and placed them in her bosom. Without her realizing, the feathers impregnated her. 2317:"Apollo. Hammerwood. Parthenon. Borghese Vase Plaques. Dionysus. Python. Egyptian Horus. Isis. Ra. Amon. Set. Helios. Delphi. Prophecy. Know Thyself. Delphic Oracle. National Curriculum: Ancient Greece, Greeks" 1137:

to light is reminiscent of the Vedic hymn "To an Unknown God," which refers to a Golden Child. According to F. M. Müller this term means "the golden germ of child" and is an attempt at naming the sun.

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and four other offspring. Teshub overthrew his father Kumarbi, thus avenging his other father Anu's overthrow and mutilation. This account later became the basis for the Greek story of

1032:, " journeyed to the Oasis of Amon in order that he might be recognized as the god’s son and thus become a legitimate and recognized king of Egypt. Inscriptions show that he and the 974:

King of Thebes for horses famed! seek not to beget children against the will of heaven; for if thou beget a son, that child will slay thee, and all thy house shall wade in blood.

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Lineal descent from Ra, whether by birth or by marriage, was claimed by all kings of Egypt at least since User-ka-f, first king of the V Dynasty, who was high priest of Ra at

802:, the principle of good. As a consequence of Zoroaster's reforms to Iranian religion, Mithra was ousted from power and Ahura Mazda became supreme. In the more ancient Indian 416:

goddess of the primeval waters...Her following spread beyond Egypt to Greece and throughout the Roman Empire...(lasting) from before 3000 BC until well into Christian times.

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evil spirits try to prevent his conception. But according to later tradition, Zoroaster's mother, Dughdova, was a virgin when she conceived Zoroaster by a shaft of light.

1724:, commonly translated as "wise man" but in this context probably meaning "astronomer" or "astrologer", who travel to Jerusalem from an unspecified country "in the east". 425: 403:

or Amen-Re, in his temple, where the god accepted it and acknowledged it to be his child." This tradition was later inscribed in a stereotyped form in temple reliefs.

1411:). One night the Bhikṣuṇī Sudharmā dreamed that a white man had come, who was utterly pure and beautiful. He held a crystal vessel in his hand which had the letters 1932:

appeared in a dream. In another story, the virgin Chimalman conceived Quetzalcoatl by swallowing an emerald. A third story narrates that Quetzalcoatl was born from

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were both born out of wedlock and of uncertain parentage and at the same time had the reputation of being sprung from the gods. He said that Theseus' grandfather

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Now Vipassi, brethren, when, as Bodhisat, he ceased to belong to the hosts of the heaven of Delight, descended into his mother’s womb mindful and self-possessed.

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them, and on this occasion she gave milk from her breasts to all the children, thus convincing the guests of the miracle (B. M. 87a; comp. Gen. R. liii. 13).

1986:, some years after her husband has died. She claimed a radiant yellow person visited her at night and impregnated her. She believed the visitor was the god 1605: 1567: 384:

to restore him to life. Then, by uniting with Osiris she conceives Horus. Horus represented the rising sun and in this respect was comparable to the Greek

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after the Chaldean conquest, and continued as an astronomical religion. In the Hellenistic period it took on its final form. Mithra was assimilated into

3075: 1524:, should be interpreted within the context of first-century Judaism, not in the context of foreign mythologies, which contain only remote similarities. 982: 1904:, or She of the Serpent Skirt. Coatlicue, known for her devout nature and virtuous qualities, was at Mount Coatepec or Coatepetl ("Serpent Hill"; near 2792:"Translation of Mahabharata of Vyasa by Kisari Mohan Ganguli, Stories and Characters from Mahabharata, Mahabharatam in Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Hindi" 1052:

was praised as the Savior of the world … the idea of Savior was not unique or original with Augustus himself. Before him the same title was given to

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will come upon you … nothing is impossible with God.’ She responds: "Here am I, the servant of the Lord; let it be with me according to your word".

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Terry, Milton Spenser, Aloisius Rzach, The Sibylline Oracles, Eaton & Mains, Cincinnati:: Curtis & Jennings, 1899 (page 93, lines 975-984).

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The love of a god for a mortal, resulting in the birth of a hero, is one notable deviation from the tradition of the origin of gods. The legend of

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and swallowed them, and banished him to the underworld. As a consequence of swallowing Anu's genitals, Kumarbi became impregnated with Anu's son

1834:. To this, the angel replied "Even though when God wants to create a matter, he merely wills (Kun-fa-yakun) it and the things come into being". 562:

actually translates as a young woman of childbearing age who had not yet given birth and who might or might not be a virgin, whereas the Hebrew

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Isis, in the form of a bird, copulates with the deceased Osiris. At either side are Horus, although he is as yet unborn, and Isis in human form.

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concept of origins expressed procreation first in "relationships between gods and goddesses resulting in other gods and goddesses", such as

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to have been a miraculous birth by a virgin daughter of the king of Odiyana (Uddiyana), and that he recited Dzogchen tantras at his birth.

1012:. Rhea Silvia had been forced to become a Vestal Virgin against her will and claimed to have been impregnated through divine intervention. 219:

wisest of gods" was created in the heart of Apsu and "He who begot him was Ea, his father, she who conceived him was Damkina, his mother".

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contain much that is pertinent. The apocryphal literature departs from the Christian canon and its legends have many elements similar to

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attributes his origin to the god Apollo and the daughter of a renowned soldier, King Phlegyas. As the divine patron of the healing art,

380:." Isis is described in the Hymn to Osiris, as finding and restoring the body of her dead husband, and using magical words given her by 265:, the 'begetter of gods and men'; the Assyrian traditions that Tukulti-Urta was created by the gods in the womb of his mother and that 249:

In addition, "procreative deities, either male or female, played a part in the birth of other deities or great personages, such as the

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describes the birth of Marduk as follows: "Ea, having overheard the plan of the primordial deities to destroy the other gods, deceived

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In the Gospel of Matthew, the impending birth is announced to Joseph in a dream, in which he is instructed to name the child Jesus. A

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xlvii. 3) after her name was changed from "Sarai" to "Sarah" (R. H. 16b). When her youth had been restored and she had given birth to

53: 3603: 3575: 3195: 3164: 2524: 2213: 2050:) known as Ẹ̀là, is said to have been born to a virgin, Òyígí, and thus his birth was miraculous. This story is narrated in the Odu 1974: 119: 558:

and some later Christian translations, following the application of Isaiah 7 in Matthew 1, use the word "virgin". The Hebrew word

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is traced to the beginning of Egyptian history. Horus' conception and birth were understood in terms of the Egyptian doctrine of

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The dawn of astronomy: a study of temple worship and mythology of the ancient Egyptians. With a preface by Giorgio de Santillana

1188:. Surya restores her virginity afterwards, thereby allowing her to marry Pandu, despite having already given birth. Also in the 100: 3684: 72: 3659: 2976: 2205: 494:, Etching. À Paris chez Fr. Fanet, Éditeur, Rue des Saints Pères n° 10. 18th century. Sarah is seen on the left side, looking 373:

in primeval time, who existed when nothing else had being, and who created that which exists after she had come into being."

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and other Islamic literature contain reports of a number of miraculous births of biblical characters. The Quran describes

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are a common theme in mythological, religious and legendary narratives and traditions. They often include conceptions by

79: 3598:. Buddhist Tradition Series. Vol. 32 (2nd revised ed.). Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt Ltd. 3384: 3374: 3302: 1533: 720:, impregnating her, but, fearing that she might bear a child mightier than he himself, he swallowed her. Their daughter 1237: 948:

Asclepius was "the one who leads and controls all things, the savior of the whole world, and the guardian of mortals."

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was the primal god of Babylon. He was a ‘Great God, Maker of Men, Potter, Artist and Workman.’ He formed a Triad with

1490:. Laozi was said to have emerged as an old man with a full grey beard. This may be because his name – "Old Master" ( 790:

is known as Mitra. He was originally a god of contracts and friendship and was a forerunner of the Graeco-Roman god

2989: 2895:: Modes of Narration, Birth Stories and Seeds of Conflict". In Chakrabarti, Arindam; Bandyopadhyay, Sibaji (eds.). 2641: 452:, a symbol of life, to Ahmose's nose, and Hatshepsut is conceived by Ahmose. Another myth on divine birth concerns 396: 86: 2896: 951:

Helen of Troy was worshiped as a heroine in several parts of the ancient world during the early historical epoch.

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Egyptian texts mention numerous forms of Horus. In one he is "Heru-sa Ast, sa-Asar, or Horus, son of Isis, son of

46: 2499: 1866:, Kabir was sent down the river in a basket; he was found and adopted by a family of Muslim weavers, downstream. 1579: 901: 871:

came to her in the form of a shower of gold, is one example of this type (cf. Ovid, Metamorphoses, Book IV). The

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the deity is the agent of conception and also the offspring. Because of his sympathy for the earth, the divine

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was born fully grown from Zeus's forehead, fully armed and clad in armor. Hesiod also relates that the goddess

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that she will conceive and bear a child. She asks "How this can be, since I am a virgin?". He tells her "The

813:"The light bursting from the heavens, which were conceived as a solid vault, became, in the mythology of the 1766: 1486:

was conceived when his mother gazed upon a falling star. He was born while his mother was leaning against a

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Davids, T. W. Rhys, Dialogues of the Buddha, Part II, Sacred Books of the Buddhists, Vol. III (1910), p. 8

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Zoroastres. The ancient form of his name in the Avesta is Zarathustra. His native country was probably

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Sidonius Apollinaris, Carmina II, 121, Testimonies 289 in Asclepius, E. J. and Ludwig Edelstein (1945)

566:, used elsewhere in Isaiah, is the word that means "virgin." If the reference is to Ahaz's betrothed, 3210: 2791: 1961: 1249: 1204:

named Ghritachi, who has come to bathe. The sage is overcome by desire, causing him to involuntarily

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stories representing popular beliefs of the church from the second Christian century on through the

1604:. According to tradition of the Catholic church, they were childless when an angel came to them and 345: 3674: 3654: 3071: 2443: 1744: has given thee joy, and he will dwell in thee, and for thee shall be an immortal light. 1695: 1318: 1042: 1029: 1020:

ordered the twins to be drowned as death through the elements would not trigger divine punishment.

925: 868: 603: 543: 273:, 'the god, my begetter'; and the North Arabian myth of the mother goddess who was responsible for 186: 3119: 844: 3615:

Illuminating the Path: Ngondro Instructions According to the Nyingma School of Vajrayana Buddhism

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Alexander, the Ptolemies, and the Caesars were said by some scholars to have been "virgin-born."

798:, he developed into the protector of truth. Before the time of Zoroaster, he was associated with 301: 227: 3416: 3187: 3181: 2700:

Christopher Hitchens, God is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything (Paperback), 2007, p. 23

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was also said to have been born of a virgin widow (a Hindu), through the palm of her hand. Like

1698:. Finding no place for themselves in the inn, Mary gives birth to Jesus and she places him in a 1298: 406:

Many texts mention different attributes of Isis. These were combined into a single narrative by

1313:. The most popular legendary account of the birth of Buddha is in the Nidanakatha Jataka (see, 93: 3669: 3664: 3618: 3599: 3571: 3483: 3388: 3191: 3160: 2972: 2943: 2906: 2850: 2846: 2520: 2479: 2263: 2234: 2209: 2101: 2082: 1983: 1949: 1790: 1733: 1711: 1657: 1629: 1517: 1302: 1286: 1274: 997: 717: 656:

was originally a Magian priest, and under the reforms he instituted, Mithra became one of the

281: 202: 3156: 3149: 1462:– was held in some accounts to have been miraculously conceived when his mother, the consort 1438:

conceived him as she was aroused, while walking in the country, by a lightning bolt from the

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And with young babes will dragons fall asleep, and no harm, for God’s hand will be on them.

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or another contemporary child, as indicated in Isaiah's following indication of the timing.

3637: 206: 3028: 2077: 1909: 1885: 1811: 1589: 1383:, and her parents. The bhiksuni daughter has a dream in which a man holds the vase of the 990: 967: 881:, turned to gold, piercing the brazen chamber of Danae, cut the knot of intact virginity. 873: 833: 362: 262: 235: 3281: 1588:

does not record Mary's birth. The earliest known account of Mary's birth is found in the

1294: 810:, and was called "the Light of the World." He was the mediator between heaven and Earth. 1754:

And little children lead them with a band. For tame will be on earth the beasts he made,

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signs, hardship or, in the case of some mythologies, complex plots related to creation.

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beliefs in the 1st century BC as Mithras. He was an ancient and highly honored god of

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Orpheus the fisher; comparative studies in Orphic and early Christian cult symbolism

3380: 2680: 2622: 2575: 1995: 1921: 1683: 1625: 1613: 1455: 1368: 1314: 829: 477: 465: 439: 293: 162: 138: 2813:"Bheel Mahabharata: Kunti and the Birth of the Sun God's Child by Satya Chaitanya" 2636: 1742:

Be of good cheer, O maiden, and exult; for the Eternal, who made heaven and earth,

836:

Paganism, where he was worshipped for more than 300 years as "the soldier's god."

2365: 2316: 3282:"Kabir | biography - Indian mystic and poet | Encyclopædia Britannica" 2197: 2072: 2007: 1774: 1676: 1392: 1384: 1380: 1361: 1336:

tradition of Buddhism includes many accounts of miraculous births. For example,

1261: 1168: 1009: 852: 799: 782:

Roman statue showing Mithras born from the rock from the Diocletian Baths Museum

739: 703: 699: 611: 591: 571: 531: 266: 35: 3350:"Aztec Gods - Resources for all gods, goddesses and deities of Aztec Mythology" 2761:"Ramayana-Birth of Sri Rama and his Brothers Bharata, Lakshmana and Shatrughna" 2038:, and by some accounts, his mother was a virgin, so the birth was miraculous. 1434:

is sometimes said to have been the fruit of extraordinary birth, as his mother

1219:

However, some Hindus believe that when the emanations of the Supreme Being are

3548: 2011: 1597: 1463: 1439: 1220: 1193: 1163: 885: 778: 645: 555: 513:

Due to her old age, Sarai was infertile, but a miracle was vouchsafed to her (

443: 431: 412: 143: 3306: 2596: 3151:

An Adult Christ at Christmas: Essays on the Three Biblical Christmas Stories

2944:

Khenchen Palden Sherab Rinpoche & Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal Rinpoche (2008)

2902: 1937: 1933: 1925: 1901: 1896:. As a solar deity, Huitzilopochtli is closely related to and overlaps with 1691: 1593: 1487: 1388: 1333: 1205: 1033: 963: 952: 944: 897: 821: 725: 653: 648:), but his ministry took place in eastern Iran, especially in the region of 631: 461: 309: 243: 182: 166: 594:

was born of a virgin, Sofonim (or Sopanima), the wife of Nir, a brother of

3417:"Readings in Classical Nahuatl: The Murders of Coatlicue and Coyolxauhqui" 1750:

And wandering bears shall lodge among the calves, and the carnivorous lion

1638: 742:. He was also called "the son of Earth and starry Heaven," and the son of 3613:

Khenchen Palden Sherab Rinpoche; Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal Rinpoche (2008).

3245: 3231: 2816: 2340: 2055: 2031: 1991: 1979: 1929: 1897: 1687: 1372: 1245: 1159: 1150: 1142: 1119: 1053: 1049: 921: 913: 856: 747: 708: 706:

literature is rich in the tradition of birth among the gods. In his poem

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the Peach Boy (who was found inside a giant peach floating on a river),

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War of the American Indians: Documentary on the History of the Iroquois

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to have been conceived of a serpent god, and they claimed between them

1017: 959: 917: 893: 864: 849: 825: 791: 765: 752: 729: 687: 649: 599: 289: 274: 254: 190: 178: 154: 3180:

Freedman, David N.; Myers, Allen C.; Beck, Astrid B. (November 2000).

2047: 1987: 1953: 1893: 1831: 1699: 1539: 1505: 1479: 1269: 1232: 1201: 1197: 1133: 1129: 1067: 933: 889: 807: 787: 769: 735: 721: 713: 664: 657: 539: 385: 377: 313: 305: 297: 198: 2845:(revised ed.). New York City, New York: Facts on File. p. 1936:, who already had four hundred children who formed the stars of the 1746:

And wolves and lambs promiscuously shall eat grass in the mountains,

2925:

Wilford, On Egypt and the Nile, Asiatic Researches, Vol. III p. 374

446:

and awakens her with pleasant odors. At this point Amun places the

2709:

Chapman Cohen, Essays in Freethinking, 1927, "Monism and Religion"

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The Dictionary of Mythology: An A-Z of Themes, Legends, and Heroes

1889: 1863: 1859: 1803: 1784: 1770: 1669: 1661: 1637: 1483: 1451: 1435: 1396: 1257: 1236: 1213: 1209: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1016:

attests that she was instead raped by an unknown man. In any case

981: 940: 843: 803: 777: 773: 680: 637: 518: 508: 504: 486: 481: 381: 354: 344: 340: 270: 215: 158: 131: 269:'s birth was assisted by Ea, who provided a 'spacious womb', and 3421: 1714:

reveals the birth of Jesus to a number (traditionally three) of

1682:

At the time that Mary is due to give birth, she and her husband

1645: 1155: 1013: 1001: 966:' "Oedipus the King," where he was said to be the son of either 878: 814: 795: 595: 535: 457: 448: 435: 370: 358: 211: 194: 3054: 2006:

Miraculous births are common in Japanese folklore, and include

2051: 1924:. In the first story, Quetzalcoatl was born by a virgin named 411:

travel the world, Isis ruled the country in his absence. "The

285: 231: 29: 2719: 2681:"The Internet Classics Archive | The Eclogues by Virgil" 1596:

text from the late second century, with her parents known as

1371:

nativity of Garab Dorje briefly contextualizes his mother, a

987:

The Shepherd Faustulus Bringing Romulus and Remus to His Wife

928:

to conceal Theseus' lineage as the son of Pittheus' daughter

2467:. 2010-01-29. Archived from the original on January 29, 2010 2233:. London, England: Arcturus Publishing Limited. p. 19. 2054:Èjì Ogbè. Other stories imply that the father may have been 884:

Heroes created by generation of a god with a mortal include

3634:"The History of the Liturgical Celebration of Mary's Birth" 2018:(who was born inside the stalk of a glowing bamboo plant). 400: 366: 246:, in Babylon, knew of as many as six such reincarnations. 3068:"The birth of John the Baptist was a miracle. Here's why" 2519:

Storm, Rachel "Egyptian mythology", Lorenz, London, 2000

261:, 'the Mother-womb, the one who creates mankind'; Father 3444:

Living Myths. How Myth Gives Meaning to Human Experience

2891:

Bhattacharya, Sibesh (2014). "Significance of the Early

1956:

is said to have been born to a royal nun fathered by an

806:

Mithra was the god of light, invoked under the name of

716:

tells a story that Zeus had once lain with the goddess

660:(Worshipful Ones), the angels or lesser divine beings. 1752: shall eat straw in the manger like the ox, 1200:

to perform his ablutions. There, he spots a beautiful

2030:, sometimes referred to as Deganawida or Dekanawida ( 636:

Zoroaster's name has been adopted from the Greek and

157:

circumstances and features such as intervention by a

2335: 2333: 1825: 1748: and among the kids shall leopards graze, 2164: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2148: 1466:, stepped into a footprint left by the supreme god 1106:

Their udders swollen with milk, while flocks afield

60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3148: 2838: 2661:Breasted, Ancient Records of Egypt, Vol. 2, p. 77. 1096:First shall the earth, untilled, pour freely forth 27:Conceptions and births by miraculous circumstances 3570:. Summertown, TN: Native Voices. pp. 20–21. 3505:"The Story of Merlin and the Demons who made him" 3155:. Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press. p. 3004:The Best Guide to Eastern Philosophy and Religion 2254:Meeks, Dimitri; Favard-Meeks, Christine (1996) . 1450:Qi, the Abandoned One, who later became known as 1344:and in some accounts is described as having been 1340:(Guru Rinpoche) is considered a second Buddha by 924:invented the story that Theseus was the child of 859:in the form of a shower of gold, circa 450-425 BC 426:Stories of divine birth in the eighteenth dynasty 2515: 2513: 2511: 2014:(about whom several origin myths are told), and 1608:they would give birth to a daughter. During the 1208:out of excitement. Bharadwaja Muni captures the 3529:Genghis Khan: History's Greatest Empire Builder 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2177:, Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 62-7941. 1739: 1413:oṃ ā hūṃ svāhā 1401: 1072: 2898:Mahabharata Now: Narration, Aesthetics, Ethics 2837:Ellwood, Robert S.; Alles, Gregory D. (2007). 2444:"Yeshayahu - Chapter 7 - Texts & Writings" 1083:With a new breed of men sent down from heaven. 3594:Dargyay, Eva M. (1998) . Wayman, Alex (ed.). 2290:. Vol. II. New York: Dover Publications. 1920:There are several stories about the birth of 1516:Mainstream Christian scholars agree that the 1491: 1289:was the first of six incarnations to precede 1100:With foxglove and Egyptian bean-flower mixed, 1000:, the legendary twin founders of the city of 538:of Judah received a message from the prophet 8: 3305:. Newsfinder.org. 2003-05-24. Archived from 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2102:"Enuma Elish, The Sumerian Epic of Creation" 1108:Shall of the monstrous lion have no fear... 1104:Untended, will the she-goats then bring home 1087:The iron shall cease, the golden race arise, 1081:Justice returns, returns old Saturn's reign, 732:'s castrated testicles were thrown into it. 1568:Joachim and Anne Meeting at the Golden Gate 1089:Befriend him, chaste Lucina; 'tis thine own 1504:There are some legends about the birth of 1332:In addition to the historical Buddha, the 1102:And laughing-eyed acanthus. Of themselves, 1075:... Now the last age by Cumae's Sibyl sung 2387:"Cult Of Isis in Ancient Rome - UNRV.com" 2229:Coleman, J. A.; Davidson, George (2015). 1960:, according to the story as presented by 1244:miraculously giving birth to Siddhārtha. 1184:, causing her to give birth to their son 1098:Her childish gifts, the gadding ivy-spray 484:on the earlier Old Testament traditions. 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 3348:Diposkan oleh Blue Roland (2007-02-19). 2815:. Boloji.com. 2006-04-02. Archived from 2126:. Mineola, NY.: Dover Publications, Inc. 1664:. In the account in the Gospel of Luke, 1176:, the god of the sun, impregnates Queen 1085:Only do thou, at the boy's birth in whom 1077:Has come and gone, and the majestic roll 728:was born from the foam of the sea after 3480:The True History of Merlin the Magician 3459:, The University of Chicago Press, 1982 3303:"Kabir presented in Philosophy section" 3186:. Grand Rapids, MI.: Eerdmans. p. 2955: 2418:Amenhotep III:Perspectives of his reign 2303:The Literature of the Ancient Egyptians 2093: 1066:The hope for a savior was expressed in 958:There are two versions of the birth of 3596:The Rise of Esoteric Buddhism in Tibet 3376:The History of the Indies of New Spain 3006:, New York, St. Martin's Griffin, 2001 2477: 2341:"Ancient Egypt: the Mythology - Horus" 1990:. Bodonchar became the founder of the 1704:angel of the Lord visits the shepherds 1612:, she was preserved from the stain of 1154:, Vishnu incarnates himself as a man, 1145:and had already borne seven children. 962:. He was given a semidivine status in 672:Greco-Roman and Hellenistic literature 3482:. Yale University Press. p. 18. 3415:Jordan, David K. (January 23, 2016). 3095: 2971:. University of Chicago Press, 1993. 2416:O' Connor, David and Cline, Eric H.: 1496:) – can also be read as "Old Child". 1196:řshi goes with his companions to the 292:; Anu attempted to flee, but Kumarbi 7: 3457:Quetzalcoatl and the Irony of Empire 2420:, University of Michigan Press, 2001 644:in Western Iran (possibly in modern 58:adding citations to reliable sources 3066:Isbouts, Jean-Pierre (2019-02-22). 2841:The Encyclopedia of World Religions 2465:"THE SECOND BOOK OF ENOCH - Page 7" 1815: 1132:himself descended into the womb of 1004:, were said to have been born to a 3632:Roten, Johann G. (31 March 2011). 2741:"VishnuPurana - English - MN Dutt" 2597:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Mithraism" 2258:. Translated by G. M. Goshgarian. 1972:According to a legend narrated by 1233:Buddha § Conception and birth 1079:Of circling centuries begins anew: 867:, whose mother conceived him when 257:, 'the Progenitress of the gods'; 25: 3617:. Padmasambhava Buddhist Center. 3183:Eerdman's Dictionary of the Bible 1975:The Secret History of the Mongols 1367:A detailed interpretation of the 3503:Walton, Kathryn (October 2022). 2501:The Book of the Secrets of Enoch 2431:Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt 2407:, Harvard University Press, 1993 1212:in a vessel called a Đroņa, and 610:and was thus preserved from the 430:There is a myth on the birth of 353:The belief in the conception of 288:was overthrown by his cupbearer 34: 3478:Lawrence-Mathers, Anne (2012). 3033:Dictionary of Jesus and Gospels 2256:Daily Life of the Egyptian Gods 1994:tribe and a direct ancestor of 1900:. Huitzilopochtli's mother was 1216:himself springs forth from it. 1162:, one of the wives of the king 45:needs additional citations for 3695:Sexual abstinence and religion 2504:. Translated by Morfill, W. R. 2206:Johns Hopkins University Press 2104:. Ancienttexts.org. 2001-06-07 1690:to Joseph's ancestral home in 1393:oṃ ā hūṃ 817:, Mithra born from the rock." 1: 3690:Religious belief and doctrine 2617:Oates; O'Neill, eds. (1938). 3385:University of Oklahoma Press 3284:. Britannica.com. 2015-02-18 3259:"Isa", Encyclopedia of Islam 1534:Nativity of John the Baptist 1360:school asserts the birth of 1285:According to this text, the 1180:before her marriage to King 939:In his "Hymn to Asclepius", 606:in some manuscripts) to the 308:, resulting in the birth of 3541:Discovery TV (2013-09-19). 2599:. Newadvent.org. 1911-10-01 2433:, Thames & Hudson, 2006 1826: 586:contains a section, called 442:in the form of the Pharaoh 3711: 3551:on 2013-12-27 – via 3019:, Harvard University Press 2642:World History Encyclopedia 2319:. Hammerwood.mistral.co.uk 1732:writings contained in the 1686:travel from their home in 1623: 1565: 1531: 1230: 1117: 855:showing Zeus impregnating 763: 625: 502: 423: 334: 242:, priest of the Temple of 3035:ed. Joel B. Green, et al. 2868:virgin birth in Hinduism. 2621:. Vol. 1. New York: 2484:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2288:The Gods of the Egyptians 1660:describe the nativity of 1580:Nativity of the Theotokos 1492: 588:Exaltation of Melchizedek 304:'s castration by his son 3446:, Ballantine Books, 1999 3352:. Aztecgods.blogspot.com 2905:. pp. unpaginated. 2720:"Private Video on Vimeo" 2619:The Complete Greek Drama 2260:Cornell University Press 2141:. London: J. M. Watkins. 2122:Lockyer, Norman (2006). 1841:Infancy Gospel of Thomas 1293:. The others listed are 916:records how Theseus and 614:without having to be in 460:which has gone to queen 18:Virgin birth (mythology) 3680:Mythological archetypes 3017:Imperial China:900-1800 2990:Encyclopædia Britannica 2794:. Mahabharataonline.com 2204:. Baltimore, Maryland: 2137:Eisler, Robert (1921). 1978:, a Mongol woman named 1791:Persian Shi'a miniature 1391:', with the syllables ' 1045:as their progenitors." 738:was a child of Zeus by 337:Myth of Osiris and Isis 3685:Religion-related lists 2405:Women in Ancient Egypt 2301:Erman, Adolf (1971) . 1794: 1789:Mary and Jesus in old 1759: 1649: 1418: 1283: 1264: 1141:Devaki was married to 1111: 1064: 994: 976: 860: 783: 696: 495: 350: 294:bit off Anu's genitals 147: 3660:Comparative mythology 3568:Roots of the Iroquois 3566:Tehanetorens (2000). 3531:, Potomac Books, 2008 3145:Brown, Raymond Edward 2202:Comparative Mythology 2175:The Westminster Press 1847:Arabic Infancy Gospel 1788: 1767:non-canonical gospels 1702:(feeding trough). An 1641: 1634:Virgin birth of Jesus 1572:Immaculate Conception 1522:historically accurate 1403:The Lord of Secrets ( 1279: 1240: 1059: 985: 972: 847: 786:In Indian mythology, 781: 684: 626:Further information: 534:, around 735 BC King 490: 456:: he is conceived by 424:Further information: 348: 335:Further information: 135: 3640:on 9 September 2012. 3078:on February 18, 2021 2901:. New Delhi, India: 2305:. New York: B. Blom. 1962:Geoffrey of Monmouth 1409:rnal-'byor-gyi rgyud 1250:palm-leaf manuscript 896:by Mars and Aemila, 693:René-Antoine Houasse 584:Second Book of Enoch 54:improve this article 3468:J. F. Bierlein 1999 3072:National Geographic 3015:Mote, F.W. (2003), 2946:, pp. 185–187. 2637:"Romulus and Remus" 2578:. Webspace.ship.edu 2343:. Egyptianmyths.net 2284:Budge, E. A. Wallis 2169:Boslooper, Thomas. 1808:virginal conception 1696:Census of Quirinius 1694:to register in the 1319:Himalayan Mountains 1273:incarnation of the 1030:Alexander the Great 877:has the following: 840:Mythological heroes 820:Mithraism absorbed 544:Syro-Ephraimite War 492:Banishment of Hagar 173:Ancient Mesopotamia 69:"Miraculous births" 2683:. Classics.mit.edu 2576:"The Roman Empire" 2429:Tyldesley, Joyce: 2068:Christ myth theory 2046:The Yoruba deity ( 1928:, to whom the god 1858:In 1440, the poet 1810:of Jesus by Mary ( 1795: 1650: 1610:conception of Mary 1520:, if not taken as 1482:schools held that 1460:god of agriculture 1405:gSang-ba'i-bdag-po 1265: 1024:Historical figures 995: 861: 784: 760:Mithra and Mithras 697: 590:, which says that 570:, daughter of the 496: 351: 253:tradition of Lady 148: 3373:(October 1994) . 3371:Durán, Fray Diego 3328:"Images of Kabir" 3147:(November 1988). 2969:Asian Mythologies 2912:978-0-415-71055-8 2856:978-0-8160-6141-9 2269:978-0-8014-8248-9 2240:978-1-78404-478-7 2083:Romulus and Remus 1982:had a son, named 1950:Matter of Britain 1824: 1734:Sibylline Oracles 1658:Gospel of Matthew 1630:Nativity of Jesus 1538:According to the 1518:nativity of Jesus 1446:The Abandoned One 1346:born from a lotus 1342:Tibetan Buddhists 1338:Guru Padmasambava 1326:to interpret it. 1158:, in the womb of 1091:Apollo reigns ... 998:Romulus and Remus 712:, the Greek poet 652:, about 1200 BC. 282:Hittite mythology 151:Miraculous births 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 3702: 3641: 3636:. 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In this myth, 369:, who raised up 197:giving birth to 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 21: 3710: 3709: 3705: 3704: 3703: 3701: 3700: 3699: 3645: 3644: 3631: 3625: 3612: 3606: 3593: 3590: 3585: 3578: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3540: 3539: 3535: 3526: 3522: 3513: 3511: 3502: 3501: 3497: 3490: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3467: 3463: 3454: 3450: 3441: 3437: 3427: 3425: 3414: 3413: 3409: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3387:. p. 584. 3369: 3368: 3364: 3355: 3353: 3347: 3346: 3342: 3333: 3331: 3326: 3325: 3321: 3312: 3310: 3301: 3300: 3296: 3287: 3285: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3267: 3263: 3258: 3254: 3244: 3240: 3230: 3226: 3221: 3217: 3209: 3205: 3198: 3179: 3178: 3174: 3167: 3143: 3142: 3138: 3130: 3126: 3118: 3114: 3106: 3102: 3094: 3090: 3081: 3079: 3065: 3064: 3060: 3053: 3049: 3043: 3039: 3029:James D.G. Dunn 3027: 3023: 3014: 3010: 3001: 2997: 2987: 2983: 2967:Yves Bonnefoy, 2966: 2962: 2954: 2950: 2942: 2938: 2933: 2929: 2924: 2920: 2913: 2890: 2889: 2874: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2822: 2820: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2797: 2795: 2790: 2789: 2785: 2776: 2774: 2770: 2763: 2759: 2758: 2754: 2745: 2743: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2725: 2723: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2708: 2704: 2699: 2695: 2686: 2684: 2679: 2678: 2674: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2656: 2647: 2645: 2635: 2634: 2630: 2616: 2615: 2611: 2602: 2600: 2595: 2594: 2590: 2581: 2579: 2574: 2573: 2569: 2560: 2556: 2547: 2543: 2534: 2530: 2518: 2509: 2498: 2497: 2493: 2476: 2470: 2468: 2463: 2462: 2458: 2449: 2447: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2428: 2424: 2415: 2411: 2402: 2398: 2385: 2384: 2380: 2371: 2369: 2360: 2359: 2355: 2346: 2344: 2339: 2338: 2331: 2322: 2320: 2315: 2314: 2310: 2300: 2299: 2295: 2282: 2281: 2277: 2270: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2241: 2228: 2227: 2223: 2216: 2196: 2195: 2182: 2168: 2167: 2146: 2136: 2135: 2131: 2121: 2120: 2116: 2107: 2105: 2100: 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1510: 1501: 1498: 1475: 1472: 1447: 1444: 1432:Yellow Emperor 1427: 1426:Yellow Emperor 1424: 1422: 1419: 1353: 1350: 1287:Vipassī Buddha 1275:Vipassī Buddha 1231:Main article: 1228: 1225: 1118:Main article: 1115: 1112: 1073: 1025: 1022: 900:by Apollo and 888:by Apollo and 841: 838: 761: 758: 678: 675: 673: 670: 628:Zoroastrianism 623: 620: 608:Garden of Eden 579: 576: 527: 524: 515:Genesis Rabbah 500: 497: 473: 470: 421: 418: 332: 329: 327: 324: 224:Norman Lockyer 174: 171: 128: 127: 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3707: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3639: 3635: 3630: 3626: 3620: 3616: 3611: 3607: 3605:81-208-1579-3 3601: 3597: 3592: 3591: 3587: 3579: 3577:1-57067-097-8 3573: 3569: 3562: 3559: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3545: 3537: 3534: 3530: 3527:Lococo Paul, 3524: 3521: 3510: 3506: 3499: 3496: 3491: 3485: 3481: 3474: 3471: 3465: 3462: 3458: 3452: 3449: 3445: 3439: 3436: 3424: 3423: 3418: 3411: 3408: 3396: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3381:Heyden, Doris 3378: 3377: 3372: 3366: 3363: 3351: 3344: 3341: 3329: 3323: 3320: 3309:on 2012-03-05 3308: 3304: 3298: 3295: 3283: 3277: 3274: 3271: 3265: 3262: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3228: 3225: 3219: 3216: 3212: 3211:Matthew 2:1–4 3207: 3204: 3199: 3197:0-8028-2400-5 3193: 3189: 3185: 3184: 3176: 3173: 3168: 3166:0-8146-0997-X 3162: 3158: 3153: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3137: 3133: 3128: 3125: 3121: 3116: 3113: 3109: 3104: 3101: 3097: 3092: 3089: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3055:Luke 1:5–1:25 3051: 3048: 3041: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3025: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3009: 3005: 2999: 2996: 2992: 2991: 2985: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2964: 2961: 2958:, p. 19. 2957: 2952: 2949: 2945: 2940: 2937: 2931: 2928: 2922: 2919: 2914: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2899: 2894: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2858: 2852: 2848: 2843: 2842: 2833: 2830: 2819:on 2010-01-14 2818: 2814: 2808: 2805: 2793: 2787: 2784: 2773:on 2015-09-24 2769: 2762: 2756: 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