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plant consists of fly ash and coal ash which are stored in the Curley Hollow CCR Landfill with a collection system to prevent leaching. During 2012, the facility was able to capture around 95% of the sulfur dioxide produced. Satellite
Aerosol Data comparing VCHEC to another plant showed the same temporal changes in aerosol and nitrogen dioxide before and after VCHEC opened, but there was a clear change in maximum values after VCHEC began production, meaning the amount of emissions were happening at the same time as the other plant, but more was being emitted after VCHEC's construction.
310:. Carbon monoxide emissions during 2012 and early 2013 had three events for one CFB Unit and another three events for a second CFB Unit. Excess emission was at 49.58% for Unit 1 and 72.22% for Unit 2. These resulted from issues with the startup process. CFB Unit 1 had two events in 2013 with excess Sulfur Dioxide emissions as a result of fuel problems; the second one was caused by more fuel being fed than normal. CFB Unit 2 had one Sulfur Dioxide excess emissions citation from an issue during the shut down process.
247:. It damaged many circuits and part of the roof, but was only a minor setback for the construction of the plant and the schedule was only delayed by one week. The Virginia City Hybrid Energy Plant has an excellent track record for safety. It was discovered that in 5 million hours of working the plant, there were no accidents that resulted in a loss of time. The plant began generating electric power in July 2012, and has provided jobs around the area of
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wood could be stored because the plant was built in a mountainous region. The mountains did not allow for much expansion, so they decided to build the coal storage areas higher than the plant so that gravity would allow the coal to work its way down to the plant to be burned for energy. During
February 2012, very close to the end of construction, there was a fire on the roof of the building that contained the
404:
294:" is expected to remove 99.6 percent of the sulfur dioxide based on Dominion's numbers, and the Department of Environmental Quality gives a 98 percent removal rate for permitting. The burning of gob coal is expected to remove hazardous waste from prior coal mines, preventing toxins from continuing to leach off of them. The biomass used in VCHEC is carbon neutral because all biomass used comes from
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26:
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for easier disposal. Current estimated numbers for mercury deposited include a 10.2 pounds annually and 204 pounds over an estimated twenty year span of time. 3.4 pounds of this mercury is expected to end up in the
Chesapeake Bay Watershed. These numbers are assumed based on the permitted amount of mercury emitted, at 71.93 pounds per year.
259:
Dominion’s
Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center produces electricity by burning coal and coal gob. Due to the mountainous region, the storage of fuel is set around the plant in higher elevation areas to minimize the work necessary to move it and to take advantage of the space available. Both the coal
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at risk. This has allowed for a process removing over a century's worth of waste piles at risk of polluting the Clinch River and other water sources. Around 1.5 million tons were removed from around the stream. Between 2012 and 2014, 1.1 million tons of gob were used as fuel. Waste produced by the
286:
The total amount of pollutants and other products, fossil fuel combustion byproducts (FFB), such as ash and limestone, expected to be emitted was 2.4 million tons because of the way the coal will be burned in a CFB. It was expected for these FFB's to solidify into a cement like substance, allowing
242:
can also be used for up to 20% of the fuel burned in the plant to create energy; as of
November 2019, biomass accounted for 7% of input fuel. The plant had some challenges during construction which had to be overcome. It was difficult for the builders of the plant to find places where the coal and
272:
system (SCR), and activated carbon injection system(mercury). According to industry publications, VCHEC also improves upon water use and reuse, using about one-tenth of water use compared to coal plants of a similar size and "approaching zero wastewater discharge when the plant is operating.”
368:
On 21 May 2008 protest groups, listed above, organized a protest of citizens who opposed the construction of VCHEC and delivered a ‘Mile Long’ petition to
Dominion Headquarters. The petition was literally a mile long of paper delivered during a shareholders meeting, this did not stop the
260:
and biomass fuels are stored in quantities for ten days of operation. The fuel is then processed and moved to the two Foster
Wheeler fuel-flexible CFB boilers to power a single 668-MW Toshiba steam turbine. The air quality control equipment includes a dry
206:, Dominion Resources Inc.'s electric distribution company in Virginia. The 600 MW plant began power generation in July 2012 after four years of construction. The plant deploys circulating fluidized bed boiler technology (
233:
The cost for construction was around $ 1.8 billion USD, and the plant uses diverse fuel sources to produce energy, (making it unique compared to other energy plants). This generation facility uses coal as well as
350:. During initial planning of VCHEC these five groups campaigned the Commonwealth of Virginia to shift their energy plans to more renewable options and not approve the proposed coal fired power plant.
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groundbreaking of the facility on 14 August 2008. Only a month later on 15 September 2008, 11 activists were arrested following a protest which blockaded the VCHEC construction site. Activists from
678:"Request for Comments by Department of Environmental Quality on State Air Pollution Board Individual Member Correspondence on the Proposed Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center in Wise County, Virginia"
880:
800:"STATE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD ENFORCEMENT ACTION — ORDER BY CONSENT ISSUED TO VIRGINIA ELECTRIC AND POWER COMPANY, D/B/A DOMINION VIRGINIA POWER FOR THE VIRGINIA CITY HYBRID ENERGY CENTER"
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214:(a waste product from abandoned coal mines), and bio-fuels. VCHEC is placed under stringent environmental regulations by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ).
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After construction plans were approved by the
Commonwealth of Virginia the Southern Environmental Law Center responded by filing an appeal on 22 April 2008 to the
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Since
Dominion Energy initially proposed plans for VCHEC in 2007 they have been met with opposition from five major environmental advocacy groups:
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710:"Further Data Gathering Activities In Support of VAPCB Consideration of Permit Applications Respecting the Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center"
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Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center has been issued notice of violations for carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and
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Exterior view of the
Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center showing coal transportation belt, fuel mixing, and smokestack
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The use of coal gob has removed hazardous waste sites from 1907, the Hurricane Creek gob pile, which put the
298:, so no timber is cut. The use of this biomass would produce ash and require a source of water as a coolant.
501:
Martino, Justin (April 2013). "CO-FIRING WITH BIOMASS: A Look at the Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center".
905:"Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center Helping to Clean Streams While Generating Electricity for Customers"
107:
51:
477:"IEEFA U.S.: Virginia coal plant's future isn't bright: preparation for transition should commence now"
384:
These protests and the opposition against the construction of VCHEC was showcased in the documentary
854:
535:""Facing backlash, Dominion says it's willing to have coal plant removed from green energy package""
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Photograph of a coal gob pile, like the ones used as fuel for the Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center
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County., Mark D. Mitchel is Vice President – Generation Construction at Dominion Energy Virginia.
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766:"Response to Data Request Bruce Buckheit, Member, Virginia Air Pollution Control Board"
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202:) is a power station located in St. Paul, in Wise County, Virginia. It is operated by
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950:"Monitoring the Effects of Power Plant Emissions on Air Quality Using NASA EOS"
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of 2020, though market forces will limit how much it actually operates to a
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742:"Officials: VCHEC production unlikely to fall to struggling coal industry"
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The combined effect of CFB's sulfur dioxide removal abilities and use of "
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881:"Mitchell: Pumped storage project would generate millions for coalfields"
265:
261:
175:
640:"TOP PLANT: Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center, Virginia City, Virginia"
626:"TOP PLANT: Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center, Virginia City, Virginia"
855:"Savage Acquire Businesses Specializing in Removal of Waste Coal Piles"
566:"Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center Project Reaches Safety Milestone".
239:
147:
453:"Virginia City hybrid coal plant to operate until 2045, officials say"
244:
312:
831:"Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center Aids in Waste Coal Clean Up"
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551:"Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center, Virginia City, Virginia".
385:
521:""Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center Hits 5-year Anniversary""
210:) to use a variety of fuel sources including bituminous coal,
658:"Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center Response to Data Request"
381:. This protest did not hinder the construction of VCHEC.
238:(which are called gob piles) in order to produce energy.
481:
Institute for Energy Economics & Financial Analysis
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on grounds that the construction approval violates the
377:, Asheville Rising Tide, Blue Ridge Earth First!, and
929:"2014 Coal Ash Management Report - Dominion Energy"
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1068:Buildings and structures in Wise County, Virginia
740:COURIER, ALLIE ROBINSON GIBSON | BRISTOL HERALD.
217:The plant is required to close by 2045 under the
277:Environmental Impact and Pollution Production
8:
342:, Southern Appalachian Mountain Stewards,
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282:Expected Impact and Pollution Production
1058:Energy infrastructure completed in 2012
451:COURIER, DAVID MCGEE | BRISTOL HERALD.
443:
582:""Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center""
302:Actual Impact and Pollution Production
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7:
976:"Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center"
612:"Activated Carbon Injection Systems"
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604:
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457:Bristol Herald Courier - Tricities
432:List of power stations in Virginia
225:of below 20% and may close early.
196:Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center
19:Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center
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363:Constitution of the United States
348:Chesapeake Climate Action Network
340:Southern Environmental Law Center
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135:Thermal power station
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379:Students for Democratic Society
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270:selective catalytic reduction
388:directed by Tom Hansell for
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1063:Power stations in Virginia
219:Virginia Clean Economy Act
375:Rainforest Action Network
355:Supreme Court of Virginia
181:
35:
23:
1041:. Appalshop Films, 2010.
1037:Hansell, Tom, director.
1019:www.mountainjustice.org
204:Dominion Virginia Power
170:Nameplate capacity
130:Dominion Virginia Power
121:Dominion Virginia Power
936:www.dominionenergy.com
555:: 46–47. October 2012.
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1039:The Electricity Fairy
909:Global Renewable News
386:The Electricity Fairy
316:
164:Power generation
83:36.91528°N 82.33972°W
268:particulate filter,
108:Commission date
1001:"Wise Up Dominion!"
537:. 25 November 2019.
154:Cooling source
88:36.91528; -82.33972
79: /
1015:"Mountain Justice"
344:Appalachian Voices
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249:St. Paul, Virginia
56:St. Paul, Virginia
835:www.power-eng.com
708:Buckheit, Bruce.
503:Power Engineering
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140:Primary fuel
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410:Virginia portal
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390:Appalshop Films
359:Commerce Clause
336:The Sierra Club
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223:capacity factor
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861:. 2017-04-18
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483:. 2020-12-16
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323:Clinch River
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158:Clinch River
980:Sierra Club
568:PR Newswire
509:(4): 18–25.
330:Controversy
127:Operator(s)
102:Operational
86: /
62:Coordinates
52:Wise County
1052:Categories
1024:2018-04-10
958:2023-12-23
914:2018-03-12
890:2018-03-12
865:2018-03-12
840:2018-03-12
816:2018-04-05
782:2018-04-05
751:2018-03-12
746:SWVa Today
726:2018-04-05
694:2018-04-05
592:2018-03-13
487:2022-03-28
462:2022-03-28
438:References
296:waste wood
255:Production
236:waste coal
74:82°20′23″W
71:36°54′55″N
985:15 March
396:See also
266:baghouse
262:scrubber
212:coal gob
117:Owner(s)
48:Location
361:of the
245:boilers
240:Biomass
229:History
148:Biomass
54:, near
40:Country
346:, and
99:Status
953:(PDF)
932:(PDF)
810:(PDF)
803:(PDF)
776:(PDF)
769:(PDF)
720:(PDF)
713:(PDF)
688:(PDF)
681:(PDF)
661:(PDF)
553:Power
200:VCHEC
183:[
987:2018
194:The
174:600
144:Coal
112:2012
507:117
338:,
208:CFB
1054::
1017:.
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176:MW
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198:(
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