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compared to the traditional inputs and the display feedback cycle. Improvements have been made since in sensor technology and the software libraries to register movements, and VR games can also include other methods such as limited prediction of a player's movements, to bring sense feedback to the same timescale as rendering. Both issues combine to the overall factor of synchronization between the feedback loops. If the game takes too long to respond to a player's action, even if more than about 25 milliseconds, it further breaks the sense of immersion. While many of the latency problems are resolved with the VR hardware of the 2010s, VR games still must be programmed with these concerns in mind.
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879:. This device features hardware such as dual panels that offer 24 million pixels, far surpassing devices such as the Oculus Rift. The device also features modern optics, and an ergonomic headband. The integration of the R1 chip, working in tandem with the M2 chip, results in a polling rate of 12 milliseconds, getting rid of the dizzying latency issues that were prevalent in previous devices. The major advancements in hardware alongside the inclusion of enabling software such as the
953:
track with how they move their hand, and they will be shown virtual hands to guide them how to interact with the environment, with VR translating the player's motions one-to-one with the virtual appendages. While games can be controlled through traditional controls such as KBM or a standard console controller, these interfaces break the level of immersion, and instead, more specialized controllers are used, typically designed to fit naturally into a player's hand.
20:
995:. When room scale is not available, alternate movement schemes have been developed when character movement is required. A player may be moved automatically by the game as necessary, a player may need to look at a target location and indicate through a control scheme their desire to move their character to that spot, or the player may use more traditional controls such as an analog stick or keyboard presses to move their character.
601:, released in 1995. The Virtual Boy used red LED displays rather than full-color ones, as they were the most inexpensive to produce, and required mounting to a stand to be played, rather than head-mounted. The system was thus awkward to use both from looking into the viewer and the eyestrain from the red LEDs. Only 22 games were produced for the Virtual Boy, and it was considered to be one of Nintendo's commercial failures.
1127:. Not only can VR games be useful for treatment of mental and physical health, but it can also be used as a tool to diagnose, manage, and treat an individual's health without needing to go to a clinic. There are current risks with VR gaming being used as a coping mechanism that reduces real-world situations to just a simulation, but if addressed properly, VR gaming can become a modern advancement in the field of health.
900:
616:(CAVE). CAVE systems included multiple flat screen displays, typically at least three walls to surround the human player, and incorporated some type of tracking sensor system to match the images on the walls to what direction the player was looking. Early applications of CAVE system were game-based demonstrations, but the cost remained prohibitive for commercial deployment even through the 2010s.
744:
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627:, and with further improvements in affordable consumer technologies, arcade games began to decline as they could not compete with these innovations. Arcade game manufacturers instead focused on offering games that could not easily be replicated at home, which included the introduction of VR-based arcade games. For example, the Virtuality Group produced its
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hardware requirements of gaming. The Rift also enables intuitive interaction with virtual environments, allowing for a range of actions such as grabbing, throwing, and manipulating objects with realistic precision. All of this is in order to increase immersion of the player when playing fast-paced shooters, adventure games, and simulation experiences.
1007:—the perception that one is actually in the virtual world—and presence—the psychological effect that they are actually interacting with the virtual world outside of their physical bodies—concepts which cannot readily be done with traditional "flat screen" games played on a computer monitor or television.
519:
Research into virtual reality (VR) hardware and software started as early as 1968 by Ivan
Sutherland and his student Bob Sproull, but most equipment was too expensive for consumer use, and its use for games was limited. The first VR head mounted display was connected to a computer. In the late 1980s,
1119:
in a safe, but realistic environment. As vulnerability to stress is directly linked to poor mental health, VR games that stimulate relaxation aims to help people with mental health conditions by reducing stress in a fully immersive environment. A specific application of VR games is for people living
952:
to take advantage of the level of immersion created by the headset. Player input, which includes the motion of their head, hands, and body and any controller buttons or triggers they depress, are translated into actions within the game. Most commonly, the player's view of the game's environment will
499:
The advent of VR in gaming marks a significant milestone in the quest for fully immersive digital experiences. As VR technology continues to advance, it has the potential to further transform the gaming industry, offering even more interactive experiences that push the boundaries of what is possible
1014:
between a player's actions and the feedback they saw on the headset. For VR to be felt as an immersive experience, the latency needs to be as small as possible so that the player sees feedback in real-time soon following their actions. Technology bottlenecks had been from two major components of VR
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tracking, which not only incorporate the motions of the player but where they are physically located within a given area and the physical positioning of their body. This allows the player to move around the area as part of the VR experience. Games usually make this an optional experience since not
1043:
The second bottleneck is the processing time to convert tracking sensor information into feedback that is incorporated into the game. Earlier VR systems took some time for complete acquisition of all tracking sensor information into usable feedback to the user, but this was at a longer timescale
564:
were specifically designed to use the Power Glove, while other NES games could be played using the Power Glove by mapping its output to various controls. About one million Power Glove units were sold before Mattel discontinued it in 1990. Its low cost compared to the DataGlove and other similar
701:
offered an immersive gaming experience that was unprecedented at the time, heralding a new era for video games. The Oculus Rift's inclusions of high-resolution display and precise head tracking collectively contribute to a deeply immersive environment and richer experience that can accept the
1057:
where additional visual information is added atop the real world view. A broader definition of virtual reality can be taken to be any application that replaces one or more of the human senses with a virtual one. Thus, games featuring any alternative control scheme compared to a typical game
936:. A controller can be as simple as a keyboard-and-mouse (KBM) or a standard game controller, or may be specialized hardware that includes positional tracking. Most often for specialized VR hardware, the player will have two controllers, one for each hand. These controllers may also provide
974:
offered by the traditional KBM or standard controller. Movement and aim may be coupled between the headset and the controllers or may be decoupled, typically with the headset controlling the direction of movement and controller the aim, which generally leads to more immersive experiences.
643:
systems, could bring to video games, through the 2000s, but these games were mostly prepared for research proof-of-concepts to demonstrate the interaction of VR hardware, software, and human motion rather than for commercial release, since hardware costs were still high.
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In its current meaning, "virtual reality" generally has been taken to creating immersion and presence with the player by creating a new visual stimulus (through a VR headset for example) that obscures to real world view. This definition distinguishes VR from
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or less appear to most users as a series of separate images rather than continuous video stream, which breaks immersion. In the late 1990s, this computational power could only reasonably been delivered by high-performance workstations such as those from
755:
As a result, more affordable headsets designed to accommodate mobile devices were also released, using the devices to create the stereoscopic display, some of the positioning functions, and other VR tracking embedded in the additional hardware. In 2014,
1106:
patients, revealing VR sports games as more effective than traditional rehabilitation training on improving cognitive, physical, and emotional functions. Additionally, VR games have been applied in mental health treatment, offering exposure therapy for
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to provide head-tracking (that is, to tell which direction a player's head is looking), either through sensors built into the unit or from external sensors or cameras that are placed at the corners of the play area. Some headsets further provide
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controller or keyboard-and-mouse system could be considered as a virtual reality game, where the sense of touch of these traditional controls is replaced with a novel scheme. Such games would include those with alternate peripherals such as
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s announcement, Valve sold out of their stock of Index units and began taking pre-orders with expectations to fulfill before the game's release. Other VR hardware, including the Oculus, saw increased sales leading to the release of
532:, with Lanier coining the term "virtual reality" for their products. One of VPL's products was the VPL DataGlove; a glove that sensed the user's finger movement and translated it into computer input. The idea inspired engineers at
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911:
Nearly all VR games, as generally defined, require the use of a VR headset that provides stereoscopic displays that simulate three dimensional reality and create immersion for the player. Most headsets include some means of
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studios had not ventured into the area. Sales of VR hardware had been steadily increasing since 2016, but were still under 10 million units by 2018, and there were signs manufacturers were starting to back off in this area.
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line of arcade games starting in the early 1990s that typically included a VR headset with head-tracking and other features. However, the cost and upkeep of these machines made it difficult to continue support for them.
807:
Despite the availability of low-cost hardware for VR, the technology had still not taken off for video games by 2018 as had been expected when the Oculus Rift was announced. This was attributed to the lack of a
2299:
740:, which can limit mobility and the overall sense of immersion. Additionally, the initial cost of the headset, combined with the requirement for a high-end PC, made it less accessible to the average consumer.
764:, a inexpensive headset package that constructed from cardboard for use with Android phones; the completed headset creates the necessary visual space to support stereoscopic view from the phone's display.
609:, in the early 1990s, for its arcade games and home consoles; the unit did not advance beyond the prototype stage, though Sega incorporated some of its head-tracking technology into its arcade cabinets.
482:, in 2013, VR games soon followed, including existing games adapted for the VR hardware, and new games designed directly for VR. While VR hardware and games grew modestly for the remainder of the 2010s,
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over
Carmack's participation. The case was settled out of court. Nine games were available at launch and Oculus had established a number of partnerships to provide more games following its release.
1700:
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was a major advancement in virtual reality and gaming due to its unique advantages underscored by the filing of 5,000 patents in recent years and the leverage of a vast capital in the form of
1356:. Second International Conference on Computer Graphics Theory and Applications. INSTICC - Institute for Systems and Technologies of Information, Control and Communication. pp. 129–136.
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with optimized rendering systems give consumer-grade hardware the capacity to perform high-speed real-time 3D rendering at 60 Hz or greater at resolutions appropriate for VR applications.
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Riches, Simon; Jeyarajaguru, Priyanga; Taylor, Lawson; Fialho, Carolina; Little, Jordan; Ahmed, Lava; O’Brien, Aileen; van Driel, Catheleine; Veling, Wim; Valmaggia, Lucia (2023-07-01).
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VR offers several novel control schemes - how the player manipulates their in-game character through the game world and the direction they are looking - compared to the traditional
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in busy cities to get to experience a real-world simulation of peaceful woodland or relaxing farmhouse, reducing all the stress that could potentially come from their environment.
593:(LED) displays, the Private Eye. One application they had tested included a tank game. Seeking funding for larger production, RTI licensed the technology to Nintendo, and under
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1102:, offering interactive and immersive methods to improve patient outcomes. One example of VR in healthcare is the effectiveness of VR games on improving health in elderly
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mark an evolution in how immersive technologies can influence human behavior and learning processes. In healthcare, VR games have emerged as a revolutionary tool for
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2544:"The effectiveness of virtual reality games in improving cognition, mobility, and emotion in elderly post-stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
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812:, a game that would drive people to buy the hardware to play it. There had been several games from smaller studios that had been considered successful, such as
263:
585:, which helped popularize the idea of VR headsets with the general public. Reflection Technology, Inc. (RTI) had been developing a head-mounted, stereoscopic
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1078:-based games. However, with the expansion of VR hardware in the 2010s, the use of "virtual reality" to include these types of games has been deprecated.
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all VR systems support it, and not all players have space to be able to move about. Example of games that support room scale tracking include
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548:(NES), omitting much of the technical sophistication and movement sensitivity of the DataGlove as to achieve a reasonable consumer cost. The
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660:, and first announced in 2013 as an inexpensive VR option for video games. During testing, Luckey had gained the help of
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After decades of attempts from its introduction, low-cost, consumer-grade VR hardware began to appear in the 2010s. The
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speaker systems are used, or headsets may be outfitted with speakers or headphones for the player that provide
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is considered the first consumer-ready VR headset and was first released in 2016. The unit was developed by
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Some type of player input is also required. This is most commonly provided through the use of one or more
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725:; both of these units were released in 2016. Valve later developed their own headset without HTC, the
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2290:"Coronavirus has affected the production schedule for Valve Index, fewer units to be made available"
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2384:. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games (FDG 2015).
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VR systems without head-mounted hardware were also developed in the 1990s, including the
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2234:"Half-Life: Alyx's movement system was changed because tall testers kept getting stuck"
1950:"Nintendo Labo: VR Kit + Super Mario Odyssey / The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild"
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for Oculus. While this helped to successfully demonstrate the Oculus, which led to
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2259:"Valve's Index VR headset sold out in stores following the Half-Life: Alyx reveal"
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There remained strong interest from academics to explore what VR, along with
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holds a bright future for the world of VR gaming, with mobile games such as
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A limiting factor for VR games until the 2010s was the overall system
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1867:"Google's VR dreams are dead: Google Cardboard is no longer for sale"
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1518:"Oculus Rift Headset Available Early 2016, Xbox Controller Included"
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478:. With the introduction of the first consumer-ready VR product, the
2083:"Half-Life: Alyx Gameplay Review: (Almost) Every VR Headset Tested"
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Around this same time in the 1990s, major innovations in real-time
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Interest in VR grew in the 1990s, particularly after the 1992 film
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1553:"ZeniMax accepts settlement offer from Facebook in Oculus lawsuit"
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Many journalists stated that the first "killer app" VR game was
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There is also research being done on integrating VR games with
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to build a low-cost version of the DataGlove to work with the
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gloves led academics to buy the unit for their own research.
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games support Labo VR functionality, such as the 2017 games
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Advancement of the Science of Digital Games
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The integration of
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The Oculus Rift announcement led to other VR developments.
2027:"Remember virtual reality? Its buzz has faded at CES 2019"
1539:
Facebook purchases VR headset maker Oculus for $ 2 billion
1393:
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made early attempts at VR in the 1980s, most notably with
2432:"VR finally has its killer app, and it's called Rec Room"
2401:"How Owlchemy Labs designed VR's funny hit Job Simulator"
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includes a number of novel control schemes to avoid the
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1999:"At CES, Everyone Is Still Hunting for VR's Killer App"
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Introduction of consumer-ready hardware (2010s–present)
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Some VR systems such as the HTC Vive and Oculus offer
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2109:"Review: Half-Life Alyx is VR's stunning killer app"
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headset and associated controllers to control a game
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4136:
4105:
4050:
4043:
3952:
3845:
3761:
3725:
3687:
3581:
3574:
3499:
3415:
3390:
3340:
3305:
3277:
3239:
3230:
3168:
3138:
3108:
3065:
3039:
2966:
2943:
2878:
2855:
2846:
2726:
2695:
1630:"Exploring Gameplay Experiences on the Oculus Rift"
1206:
1204:
850:of previous VR games, such as the 2019 indie title
439:(VR) hardware. Most VR games are based on player
2458:Video game user experience: to VR, or not to VR?
1923:"Nintendo brings VR to Switch with new Labo kit"
1167:"Computer science: Visionary of virtual reality"
524:and Thomas G. Zimmerman, former programmers for
1160:
1158:
2602:Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
2356:"Apple Vision Pro is receiving strong reviews"
3903:
2811:
2671:
891:becoming future games for the VR experience.
404:
8:
623:had been made across computer, console, and
768:, in conjunction with Oculus, released the
690:, id's parent company, against Oculus over
528:, began developing hardware under the name
4528:
4278:
4047:
3910:
3896:
3888:
3578:
3236:
2852:
2818:
2804:
2796:
2692:
2678:
2664:
2656:
1249:"Inside story on: The power glove (Cover)"
411:
397:
33:
2629:
1841:
1808:Kari, Tuomas; Kosa, Mehmet (2023-09-01).
1784:
1751:Kari, Tuomas; Kosa, Mehmet (2023-09-01).
1667:"HTC Vive VR headset delayed until April"
1415:
1192:
492:and released in 2020, was considered the
2288:Nunneley, Stephany (February 21, 2020).
1551:Nunneley, Stephany (December 12, 2018).
1581:"These are the first Oculus Rift games"
1437:IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
1214:IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
1154:
1136:https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4611167
801:The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild
45:
2302:from the original on February 21, 2020
2269:from the original on November 30, 2019
1997:Von Camp, Jeffery (January 11, 2018).
1697:"PlayStation VR Launches October 2016"
1677:from the original on 23 September 2017
1143:Comparison of virtual reality headsets
948:Nearly all VR games are played from a
572:The heads-up viewscreen of Nintendo's
4581:Software related to augmented reality
4128:Simultaneous localization and mapping
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2399:Takahashi, Dean (February 26, 2017).
2349:
2347:
2345:
1623:
1621:
921:. To provide immersive audio, either
7:
1269:from the original on 2 February 2014
605:developed a low-cost VR device, the
445:head-mounted display unit or headset
16:Video game played in virtual reality
4180:Omnidirectional (360-degree) camera
2180:from the original on March 25, 2020
2150:from the original on March 24, 2020
2119:from the original on March 24, 2020
2107:Robinson, Andrew (March 23, 2020).
4154:Image-based modeling and rendering
2529:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00812.x
2257:James, Sarah (November 29, 2019).
2213:from the original on April 7, 2020
721:partnered with HTC to develop the
614:Cave automatic virtual environment
14:
2321:Robertson, Adi (April 30, 2020).
2081:Carbotte, Kevin (23 March 2020).
2025:Anderson, Mae (January 9, 2019).
1969:Sherr, Ian (September 24, 2018).
1665:Adi Robertson (8 December 2015).
1579:Webster, Andrew (June 11, 2015).
1305:from the original on July 7, 2018
1291:Edwards, Benj (August 21, 2015).
1003:VR games are designed to enhance
788:cardboard products. A handful of
3030:
2138:Oloman, Jordan (23 March 2020).
1921:Marshall, Cass (March 6, 2019).
552:was released in 1989. The games
37:
2199:McKeand, Kirk (April 7, 2020).
2053:Jenkins, Arik (June 20, 2019).
1893:Heaney, David (April 5, 2020).
1602:O'Brien, Lucy (June 11, 2015).
500:through digital entertainment.
1722:Machkovech, Sam (2019-04-30).
1324:Wiltz, Chris (March 1, 2019).
1032:. Since then, improvements in
729:, which was released in 2019.
510:Virtual reality § History
488:, a full VR game developed by
1:
4596:Vuforia Augmented Reality SDK
1865:Amadeo, Ron (March 3, 2021).
678:acquiring Oculus in 2014 for
546:Nintendo Entertainment System
4632:List of PlayStation VR games
4025:Virtual reality applications
2232:Brown, Fraser (2020-04-07).
1541:Ars Technica, March 25, 2014
1516:Dan Kedmey (June 11, 2015).
1125:cognitive behavior therapies
871:In 2024, the newly released
842:and released in March 2020.
534:Abrams/Gentile Entertainment
515:Early VR games (1980s–2000s)
1262:(23): 63. 4 December 1989.
732:Despite its successes, the
707:Sony Computer Entertainment
692:intellectual property theft
668:to develop a VR version of
4680:
3990:Projection augmented model
3028:
2614:10.1007/s00127-022-02417-5
2560:10.1007/s10143-023-02061-w
1826:10.1007/s10055-023-00749-4
1769:10.1007/s10055-023-00749-4
1482:Computers in Entertainment
507:
264:Longest-running franchises
4627:List of Oculus Rift games
4206:Omnidirectional treadmill
4175:Free viewpoint television
4144:Asynchronous reprojection
3980:On-set virtual production
3965:Computer-mediated reality
3960:Cinematic virtual reality
3926:
2838:List of video game genres
2833:
2691:
1410:(3). ASME International.
597:, Nintendo developed the
274:Games considered the best
4622:List of Meta Quest games
4030:Virtual reality sickness
3130:Digital collectible card
2516:Journal of Communication
2486:Virtual Environments' 95
950:first-person perspective
848:motion sickness problems
269:Most-played mobile games
4097:Virtual retinal display
4085:Virtual reality headset
3215:Roguelike deck-building
3123:Roguelike deck-building
2686:Video games by platform
1642:10.1145/2793107.2793117
1495:10.1145/2381876.2381879
1092:physical rehabilitation
780:in 2019 as part of its
772:in 2015 to support its
4617:List of HTC Vive games
4010:Six degrees of freedom
1699:. Sony. Archived from
1061:Dance Dance Revolution
972:free look or mouselook
967:
908:
752:
576:
443:, typically through a
31:
4664:Virtual reality games
4466:The Sword of Damocles
4368:Windows Mixed Reality
4005:Simulation hypothesis
3457:Tactical role-playing
3222:Tactical role-playing
2176:. December 27, 2019.
1165:Faisal, Aldo (2017).
1096:psychological therapy
1082:Impact on health care
1070:, or games featuring
999:Design considerations
959:
902:
746:
571:
449:stereoscopic displays
22:
4586:Virtual reality game
4231:Cyberith Virtualizer
4063:Head-mounted display
3837:Vertically scrolling
2727:Related technologies
2548:Neurosurgical Review
2492:. pp. 224–236.
1019:. Frame rates of 20
778:Nintendo Labo VR Kit
591:light-emitting diode
425:virtual reality game
146:Virtual reality game
3467:Turn-based strategy
3372:Submarine simulator
3178:Action role-playing
3085:Interactive fiction
2430:(August 12, 2016).
1450:10.1109/MCG.2008.92
1185:2017Natur.551..298F
914:positional tracking
856:. Within a week of
795:Super Mario Odyssey
682:, it also led to a
536:(AGE) to work with
460:video game industry
117:Social-network game
100:Electronic handheld
23:A player using the
4326:Microsoft HoloLens
4149:Foveated rendering
3868:Video game modding
3810:Nonlinear gameplay
3472:Turn-based tactics
3440:Real-time strategy
2696:Hardware platforms
2354:Cowen, T. (2023).
1034:graphics processor
968:
909:
810:killer application
753:
625:arcade video games
577:
561:Bad Street Brawler
494:killer application
291:Negative reception
252:Best-selling games
32:
4651:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4520:
4519:
4294:Golden-i headsets
4219:
4218:
4211:Wearable computer
4015:Spatial computing
3931:Augmented reality
3885:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3873:Video game remake
3781:Emergent gameplay
3452:Real-time tactics
3411:
3410:
3350:Flight simulation
3080:Graphic adventure
3026:
3025:
2827:Video game genres
2793:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2749:Geolocation-based
2718:Personal computer
2499:978-3-7091-9433-1
2144:www.techradar.com
1651:978-1-4503-3466-2
1417:10.1115/1.4036921
1363:978-972-8865-71-9
1227:10.1109/38.250916
1179:(7680): 298–299.
1055:augmented reality
885:Plants vs Zombies
637:augmented reality
421:
420:
63:Arcade video game
4671:
4554:virtual graffiti
4529:
4399:Google Cardboard
4289:Apple Vision Pro
4279:
4246:PlayStation Move
4170:360-degree video
4048:
3985:Persistent world
3919:Extended reality
3912:
3905:
3898:
3889:
3863:Video game clone
3579:
3575:Related concepts
3382:Vehicular combat
3237:
3110:Digital tabletop
3090:Interactive film
3050:Grand Theft Auto
3041:Action-adventure
3034:
2991:Platform fighter
2870:Platform fighter
2853:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2797:
2693:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2657:
2644:
2643:
2633:
2593:
2580:
2579:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2481:
2466:
2465:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2351:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1958:. 22 April 2019.
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1845:
1820:(3): 1585–1605.
1805:
1799:
1798:
1788:
1763:(3): 1585–1605.
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1625:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1431:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1395:
1368:
1367:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1288:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1268:
1253:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1208:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1162:
1100:health education
1030:Silicon Graphics
1026:Sun Microsystems
934:game controllers
927:3D audio effects
873:Apple Vision Pro
862:
762:Google Cardboard
749:Google Cardboard
681:
555:Super Glove Ball
451:and one or more
413:
406:
399:
279:Game of the Year
245:highest-grossing
178:Action-adventure
83:Handheld console
41:
34:
4679:
4678:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4643:
4605:
4561:Meta Horizon OS
4549:Interactive art
4516:
4495:
4481:Virtual fixture
4451:Samsung Gear VR
4404:Google Daydream
4372:
4353:PlayStation VR2
4270:
4215:
4189:
4158:
4132:
4118:Finger tracking
4101:
4075:Head-up display
4039:
3948:
3937:Virtual reality
3922:
3916:
3886:
3877:
3841:
3832:Twitch gameplay
3757:
3721:
3683:
3570:
3522:Survival horror
3495:
3445:Time management
3407:
3386:
3377:Train simulator
3336:
3301:
3273:
3226:
3164:
3134:
3104:
3061:
3035:
3022:
2962:
2958:Survival horror
2939:
2874:
2842:
2829:
2824:
2794:
2785:
2781:Virtual reality
2722:
2687:
2684:
2648:
2647:
2608:(7): 989–1007.
2595:
2594:
2583:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2483:
2482:
2469:
2464:. pp. 1–9.
2455:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2364:
2362:
2353:
2352:
2343:
2333:
2331:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2305:
2303:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2270:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2242:
2240:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2183:
2181:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2153:
2151:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2037:
2035:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2007:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1877:
1875:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1814:Virtual Reality
1807:
1806:
1802:
1757:Virtual Reality
1750:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1706:
1704:
1703:on 22 July 2016
1695:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1678:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1627:
1626:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1586:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1523:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1433:
1432:
1425:
1397:
1396:
1371:
1364:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1336:
1334:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1290:
1289:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1210:
1209:
1202:
1194:10.1038/551298a
1164:
1163:
1156:
1151:
1133:
1084:
1072:motion controls
1050:
1036:technology and
1001:
946:
938:haptic feedback
897:
860:
838:, developed by
835:Half-Life: Alyx
790:Nintendo Switch
770:Samsung Gear VR
713:system for the
679:
650:
517:
512:
506:
485:Half-Life: Alyx
437:virtual reality
417:
388:
387:
323:
311:
301:
300:
296:Cancelled games
235:
225:
224:
161:
151:
150:
90:Electronic game
58:
28:virtual reality
17:
12:
11:
5:
4677:
4675:
4667:
4666:
4656:
4655:
4649:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4613:
4611:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4576:Pervasive game
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4546:
4541:
4535:
4533:
4526:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4446:PlayStation VR
4443:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4323:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4285:
4283:
4276:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4185:VR photography
4182:
4177:
4172:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4109:
4107:
4106:3D interaction
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4060:
4054:
4052:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3940:
3934:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3892:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3827:Side-scrolling
3824:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3807:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3735:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3672:Climate change
3669:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3630:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3531:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3489:Grand strategy
3481:
3480:
3479:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3346:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3317:
3311:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3207:
3205:Monster-taming
3202:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3183:Looter shooter
3174:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3150:
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2087:Tom's Hardware
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1048:Other VR games
1046:
1000:
997:
945:
942:
923:surround sound
905:Oculus Quest 2
896:
893:
774:Samsung Galaxy
711:PlayStation VR
709:developed the
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496:for VR games.
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4471:VFX1 Headgear
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4123:Pose tracking
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4035:Virtual world
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3943:Mixed reality
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3462:Tower defense
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3403:Immersive sim
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3292:City-building
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3195:Dungeon crawl
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3160:Tile-matching
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3148:Hidden object
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3118:Deck-building
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2953:Battle royale
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2428:Ackerman, Dan
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2018:
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1074:such as many
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986:Job Simulator
981:
976:
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963:Job Simulator
958:
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951:
943:
941:
940:to the user.
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715:PlayStation 4
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688:ZeniMax Media
685:
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659:
658:Palmer Luckey
655:
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642:
641:mixed reality
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589:system using
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587:head-tracking
584:
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582:Lawnmower Man
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4585:
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4409:Google Glass
4321:Meta Quest 3
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4266:Wizdish ROVR
4256:Virtuix Omni
4241:Oculus Touch
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4044:Technologies
4020:Telepresence
3858:Toys-to-life
3798:
3791:
3743:
3688:Player modes
3652:Personalized
3637:
3626:
3594:
3500:Other genres
3430:Auto battler
3398:Falling-sand
3360:Lunar Lander
3170:Role-playing
3153:
3095:Visual novel
3057:Metroidvania
3049:
3003:
2935:Third-person
2908:Shoot 'em up
2893:First-person
2780:
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2523:(4): 73–93.
2520:
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2441:December 28,
2439:. Retrieved
2435:
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2410:. Retrieved
2406:Venture Beat
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1900:Venture Beat
1898:
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1872:Ars Technica
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1746:
1734:. Retrieved
1732:. Conde Nast
1727:
1717:
1705:. Retrieved
1701:the original
1691:
1681:23 September
1679:. Retrieved
1670:
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1633:
1610:September 7,
1608:. Retrieved
1606:. Uk.ign.com
1597:
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1574:
1564:December 12,
1562:. Retrieved
1556:
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1444:(5): 10–15.
1441:
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1329:
1319:
1309:December 21,
1307:. Retrieved
1298:Fast Company
1296:
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1259:
1255:
1243:
1221:(1): 30–39.
1218:
1212:
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1059:
1051:
1042:
1038:game engines
1009:
1002:
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960:Gameplay of
947:
931:
919:eye tracking
910:
889:Clash Royale
870:
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786:toys-to-life
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666:John Carmack
651:
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595:Gunpei Yokoi
580:
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530:VPL Research
522:Jaron Lanier
518:
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457:
428:
424:
422:
349:Level design
240:Arcade games
198:Role-playing
145:
112:Browser game
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4476:Virtual Boy
4429:Oculus Rift
4363:Vuzix Blade
4358:Valve Index
4261:Wired glove
4251:Razer Hydra
4236:Leap Motion
4224:Peripherals
4201:Haptic suit
4163:Photography
3774:Hypercasual
3695:Multiplayer
3611:Educational
3561:Programming
3556:Photography
3529:Incremental
3325:Kart racing
3269:Virtual pet
3100:Walking sim
3075:Escape room
2974:Beat 'em up
2913:Bullet hell
2273:December 1,
1729:ArsTechnica
1583:. The Verge
1489:(1): 1–33.
1331:Design News
1273:16 December
1256:Design News
1104:post-stroke
1067:Guitar Hero
815:Superhot VR
760:introduced
734:Oculus Rift
727:Valve Index
699:Oculus Rift
680:$ 2 billion
662:id Software
654:Oculus Rift
621:3D graphics
599:Virtual Boy
574:Virtual Boy
550:Power Glove
526:Atari, Inc.
480:Oculus Rift
476:Virtual Boy
468:Power Glove
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356:Programming
309:Development
284:soundtracks
124:Mobile game
107:Online game
47:Video games
25:Oculus Rift
4500:Unreleased
4486:Virtuality
4461:SixthSense
4304:Magic Leap
4000:Room-scale
3815:Open world
3726:Production
3647:Nonviolent
3330:Sim racing
3297:Government
3232:Simulation
2923:Twin-stick
2857:Platformer
2554:(1): 167.
2243:2021-03-13
2174:Tech Times
1520:. Time.com
1149:References
1017:frame rate
980:room scale
907:VR headset
824:, but the
821:Beat Saber
784:series of
639:and other
629:Virtuality
508:See also:
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433:video game
337:Programmer
257:franchises
203:Simulation
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4544:ARToolKit
4456:Sensorama
4419:Oculus Go
3995:Real life
3975:Metaverse
3970:Immersion
3601:Christian
3589:Advergame
3477:Artillery
3210:Roguelike
3188:Soulslike
3067:Adventure
2903:Light gun
2622:1433-9285
2568:1437-2320
2412:March 24,
2334:March 24,
2328:The Verge
2184:March 24,
2154:March 24,
2123:March 24,
2092:March 24,
2066:March 24,
2038:March 24,
2010:March 24,
1982:March 24,
1906:March 24,
1878:March 24,
1834:1434-9957
1777:1434-9957
1671:The Verge
1337:March 24,
1005:immersion
881:App Store
853:Boneworks
441:immersion
321:Developer
183:Adventure
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4658:Category
4591:visionOS
4525:Software
4394:EyePhone
4299:HTC Vive
4137:Software
3953:Concepts
3853:Minigame
3805:Masocore
3751:Fan game
3621:Licensed
3546:Non-game
3417:Strategy
3287:Business
2986:Fighting
2945:Survival
2930:Tactical
2744:Emulator
2640:36658261
2576:37415057
2490:Springer
2300:Archived
2267:Archived
2263:PC Gamer
2238:PC Gamer
2217:April 7,
2211:Archived
2178:Archived
2148:Archived
2117:Archived
2032:Phys.org
1934:March 6,
1852:36742344
1795:36742344
1707:15 March
1675:Archived
1587:July 17,
1524:July 17,
1503:17464580
1466:14083591
1458:18753029
1303:Archived
1264:Archived
1131:See also
992:Rec Room
944:Controls
895:Hardware
826:triple-A
723:HTC Vive
717:, while
686:between
676:Facebook
542:Nintendo
472:Nintendo
373:Graphics
327:Designer
316:Producer
220:Strategy
4532:General
4512:Sega VR
4282:Current
4275:Devices
4068:optical
4051:Display
3820:Sandbox
3662:Serious
3595:BishĹŤjo
3512:Fitness
3484:Wargame
3342:Vehicle
3315:Fishing
3254:Farming
3154:Sokoban
3018:Stealth
3004:Pac-Man
2880:Shooter
2734:Browser
2708:Console
2631:9852806
2060:Fortune
1955:YouTube
1928:Polygon
1843:9888737
1786:9888737
1235:7119184
1181:Bibcode
1113:anxiety
1109:phobias
1012:latency
766:Samsung
751:headset
684:lawsuit
607:Sega VR
504:History
429:VR game
383:Testing
171:Shooter
129:PC game
4571:OpenXR
4566:OpenVR
4539:ARCore
4439:Rift S
4389:castAR
4377:Former
4343:PICO 4
4058:EyeTap
3769:Casual
3762:Design
3744:Doujin
3657:Sci-fi
3633:Sexual
3606:Comedy
3582:Themes
3566:Typing
3539:Rhythm
3517:Horror
3355:Combat
3320:Racing
3307:Sports
3264:Social
3249:Dating
3200:MMORPG
3140:Puzzle
2848:Action
2769:MMORTS
2764:MMORPG
2759:MMOFPS
2713:Mobile
2703:Arcade
2638:
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1233:
1172:Nature
1115:, and
1098:, and
1088:health
758:Google
671:Doom 3
538:Mattel
464:Mattel
361:Engine
344:Design
332:Artist
213:Racing
208:Sports
193:Puzzle
188:Casual
166:Action
159:Genres
4610:Games
4601:WebXR
4384:AntVR
4348:Pimax
4194:Other
3846:Other
3799:Kaizo
3792:Gacha
3738:Indie
3700:Co-op
3639:Eroge
3627:Otome
3616:Girls
3551:Party
3534:Music
3391:Other
3365:Space
3052:clone
3013:Snake
3006:clone
2967:Other
2888:Arena
2739:Cloud
2365:6 Mar
2295:VG247
2206:VG247
2004:Wired
1736:9 May
1558:VG247
1499:S2CID
1462:S2CID
1267:(PDF)
1252:(PDF)
1231:S2CID
877:Apple
861:'
840:Valve
719:Valve
490:Valve
447:with
431:is a
378:Music
233:Lists
134:Linux
4491:VR-1
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4090:list
3945:(MR)
3939:(VR)
3933:(AR)
3921:(XR)
3746:soft
3677:News
3507:Cozy
3435:MOBA
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2998:Maze
2918:Rail
2898:Hero
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2462:IEEE
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2367:2024
2336:2021
2308:2020
2275:2019
2219:2020
2186:2020
2156:2020
2125:2020
2094:2020
2068:2021
2040:2021
2012:2021
1984:2021
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818:and
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697:The
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