42:
66:
413:
trapped in the residence of the same case), only 16 nucleotide changes were found, and none of these changes resulted in alterations in amino acid sequences of viral proteins. It had been assumed that in the process of adaptation to cell culture, selection of SNV variants which grow optimally in cell
480:
In contrast to members of the
Orthohantavirus genus endemic outside of the Americas, whose virions are predominately round or pleomorphic, SNV virions have a greater propensity for tubular and irregular virion morphologies. This finding suggests that the genus is more diverse in terms of morphology
402:
extracted from autopsy material as well as RNA extracted from cell culture-adapted virus. The L RNA is 6562 nucleotides (nt) in length; the M RNA is 3696 nt long; and the S RNA is 2059 to 2060 nt long. When the prototype sequence (NMH15) of SNV detected in tissues from an HPS case was compared with
385:
While transmission from the deer mouse carrier to humans is understood to occur primarily through contact with mouse urine and feces, transmission within the vector population is believed to occur through direct contact, in contrast to the understood vector transmission for other species in the
425:
assay developed during the initial HCPS outbreak provided a rapid method for the genetic characterization of novel hantaviruses that did not require a virus isolate. Numerous new hantaviruses have been detected by RT-PCR in rodent tissues but have yet to be associated with human disease. These
414:
culture would occur, and selected variants would differ genetically from the parental virus. Though NMH10 and NMR11 are identical in protein sequence, nucleotide substitutions in nontranslated regions of the genome could be responsible for altered viral phenotypes, as could changes in protein
389:
The case fatality ratio of SNV-induced HCPS in the USA was reported to be about 66.7% (CDC, 1993). However, since that time the case fatality ratio has steadily declined as more mild cases came to be recognized. By 2007 the CFR had declined to about 35%.
874:
489:
virions have an average diameter of 90 nm for round particles and 85 nm for tubular particles, with an average length of 180 nm for tubular particles, making them somewhat smaller than closely related members of the genus.
366:, Alaska, and the far northern reaches of Canada. SNV and HCPS are especially common in western states; peak incidences for HCPS have been reported in regions in which there is a lot of contact between humans and mice (
298:
point in the United States, so the virologists then tried naming it the "Four
Corners virus". The name was changed after local residents raised objections. In frustration, the virologists changed it to
294:, it was originally named the Muerto Canyon hantavirus, in keeping with the convention for naming new pathogens. However, the Navajo Nation objected to the name in 1994. It was also near the
702:
Lehmer EM, Clay CA, Pearce-Duvet J, St Jeor S, Dearing MD (March 2008). "Differential regulation of pathogens: the role of habitat disturbance in predicting prevalence of Sin Nombre virus".
1999:
398:
As with other
Orthohantavirus species, SNV has a tripartite single-stranded negative-sense RNA genome. The entire genomic sequence of SNV has subsequently been determined by using
940:
1755:
2312:
2271:
2009:
2350:
1384:
1021:
311:
It was first isolated in 1993 from rodents collected near the home of one of the initial patients with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the
913:
933:
657:
499:
1258:
1373:
284:
358:, is found, which includes essentially the entire populated area of North America, except for the far southeastern region from eastern
1248:
485:
species, morphologic variability exists between strains, with virions of an elongated phenotype associated with higher virulence.
1760:
1600:
1133:
1128:
926:
49:
321:(eastern deermouse) and subsequent adaptation to growth in Vero E6 cells. Additional viral strains have also been isolated from
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1031:
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2078:
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1713:
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1701:
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41:
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have also reported cases. SNV can be contracted through the inhalation of virus-contaminated deer mouse excreta.
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2004:
1947:
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1145:
889:
207:
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2108:
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1179:
1063:
908:
2198:
1455:
1423:
1399:
1234:
1112:
1036:
1011:
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976:
526:"Neutralizing antibodies and Sin Nombre virus RNA after recovery from hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome"
409:
354:
317:
614:
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1116:
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than previously assumed, which may help explain differences in epidemiology between species. Within the
462:
333:
collected near the residence of a human case in Dade County, Florida. Another etiologic agent of HCPS,
329:
from the vicinity of probable infection of a New York case. Black Creek Canal virus was isolated from
2258:
1940:
1935:
1314:
755:"Development and Characterization of a Sin Nombre Virus Transmission Model in Peromyscus maniculatus"
711:
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region of the western United States. Isolation was achieved through a blind passage in
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150:
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126:
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894:
575:"Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome—The 25th Anniversary of the Four Corners Outbreak"
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1977:
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2014:
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806:"Diverse Morphology and Structural Features of Old and New World Hantaviruses"
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include El Moro Canyon virus associated with the western harvest mouse,
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2030:
1549:
371:
363:
822:
771:
2141:
1920:
1649:
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374:) and in states with exceptionally large rural populations such as
359:
277:) (from Spanish, meaning "without a name"), a member of the genus
77:
2263:
1212:
524:
Ye C, Prescott J, Nofchissey R, Goade D, Hjelle B (March 2004).
2196:
922:
1840:
399:
337:, was first isolated from the vicinity of Monroe, Louisiana.
27:
Prototypical agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome
674:"Hantaviruses, with emphasis on Four Corners Hantavirus"
290:
Discovered in 1993 near the Cañon de la Muerte on the
856:
403:
the sequence of the SNV isolate (NMR11; isolated in
2287:
2205:
2162:
2130:
2121:
2092:
2062:
2040:
2029:
1988:
1956:
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1347:
1323:
1223:
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975:
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860:
256:
251:
641:
325:associated with a fatal case in California and
934:
640:Strauss, Ellen G.; Strauss, James H. (2002).
615:"Navajos Decry Muerto Canyon Hantavirus Site"
8:
1385:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
914:Clinical and Lab Recognition and other info
2193:
2127:
2037:
1847:
1656:
1645:
1556:
1355:
983:
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941:
927:
919:
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248:
40:
29:
831:
821:
780:
770:
598:
549:
283:, is the prototypical etiologic agent of
516:
303:, meaning "without a name" in Spanish.
573:Van Hook, Charles J. (November 2018).
1756:Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
500:1993 Four Corners hantavirus outbreak
7:
466:, and Prospect Hill-like viruses in
1259:Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
285:hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome
2351:Viral respiratory tract infections
648:. Boston: Academic Press. p.
378:. All of the western provinces of
345:SNV occurs wherever its reservoir
25:
1249:Western equine encephalomyelitis
1239:Eastern equine encephalomyelitis
452:with the Mexican harvest mouse,
64:
50:Transmission electron micrograph
1374:Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
1536:Kemerovo tickborne viral fever
418:or virus membrane components.
1:
1793:Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
1032:Jamestown Canyon encephalitis
1687:Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
909:Virology - CDC Hantaviruses
804:Parvate, Amar (2019-09-16).
753:Warner, Bryce (2019-12-02).
579:Emerging Infectious Diseases
1709:Brazilian hemorrhagic fever
1697:Argentine hemorrhagic fever
2367:
2237:Sin Nombre orthohantavirus
2207:Sin Nombre orthohantavirus
1721:Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
1601:Sandfly fever Naples virus
460:with the California vole,
270:Sin Nombre orthohantavirus
177:Sin Nombre orthohantavirus
54:Sin Nombre orthohantavirus
34:Sin Nombre orthohantavirus
1389:Huaiyangshan banyangvirus
724:10.1007/s00442-007-0922-9
644:Viruses and human disease
429:Reithrodontomys megalotis
223:
216:
189:
184:
59:
48:
39:
32:
2005:SARS-related coronavirus
1968:Henipavirus encephalitis
1826:Murid gammaherpesvirus 4
1671:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1452:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1424:Arbovirus encephalitides
1400:Arbovirus encephalitides
1370:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1335:Banna virus encephalitis
1235:Arbovirus encephalitides
1180:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1146:Saint Louis encephalitis
1113:Arbovirus encephalitides
1064:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
998:Arbovirus encephalitides
386:Orthohantavirus genus.
208:New York orthohantavirus
2109:Yaba monkey tumor virus
1466:Kyasanur Forest disease
1428:Tick-borne encephalitis
1129:Australian encephalitis
1022:California encephalitis
1456:Omsk hemorrhagic fever
1037:La Crosse encephalitis
591:10.3201/eid2411.180381
542:10.3201/eid1003.020821
445:M. rossiaemeridionalis
410:Peromyscus maniculatus
355:Peromyscus maniculatus
318:Peromyscus maniculatus
1889:Marburg virus disease
1440:Powassan encephalitis
1117:Japanese encephalitis
232:Sin Nombre hantavirus
1315:Semliki Forest virus
530:Emerging Infect. Dis
61:Virus classification
1862:Ebola virus disease
1526:Colorado tick fever
1281:O'nyong'nyong fever
716:2008Oecol.155..429L
2074:Simian foamy virus
292:Navajo Reservation
227:Four Corners virus
2328:
2327:
2199:Taxon identifiers
2190:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2117:
2116:
2025:
2024:
1835:
1834:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1544:
1543:
1343:
1342:
1088:Rift Valley fever
904:
903:
823:10.3390/v11090862
772:10.3390/v11020183
659:978-0-12-673050-0
619:Los Angeles Times
585:(11): 2056–2060.
476:Virion morphology
450:Rio Segundo virus
266:
265:
246:Medical condition
244:
243:
201:Monongahela virus
16:(Redirected from
2358:
2321:
2320:
2308:
2307:
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2289:Sin Nombre virus
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2279:
2267:
2266:
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2240:
2239:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2194:
2128:
2038:
1848:
1657:
1646:
1621:Chandipura virus
1557:
1497:Orthomyxoviridae
1356:
1303:Ross River fever
1068:Bunyamwera fever
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920:
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689:
680:. Archived from
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664:
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631:
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628:
626:
621:. April 24, 1994
611:
605:
604:
602:
570:
564:
563:
553:
521:
458:Isla Vista virus
439:Microtus arvalis
394:Virus sequencing
252:Sin Nombre virus
249:
237:Sin Nombre virus
194:Blue River virus
69:
68:
44:
30:
21:
18:Virus sin Nombre
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1984:
1959:Paramyxoviridae
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1905:
1842:
1831:
1809:
1740:
1651:
1640:
1625:
1605:
1589:Pappataci fever
1582:Oropouche virus
1577:Oropouche fever
1551:
1540:
1510:
1490:
1408:
1380:Heartland virus
1350:
1339:
1319:
1291:Pogosta disease
1219:
1166:West Nile fever
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463:M. californicus
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280:Orthohantavirus
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185:Member viruses
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164:Orthohantavirus
116:Negarnaviricota
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861:Classification
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853:External links
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128:Ellioviricetes
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2133:Rhabdoviridae
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2043:Herpesviridae
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2013:
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1991:Coronaviridae
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1912:Rhabdoviridae
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1891:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1838:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1816:Herpesviridae
1812:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
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1769:
1767:
1764:
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1759:
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1737:
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1658:
1655:
1653:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1636:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1612:Rhabdoviridae
1608:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1594:Toscana virus
1592:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1547:
1537:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1506:Bourbon virus
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1446:
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1431:
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1425:
1422:
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1411:
1405:
1401:
1398:
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1386:
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1381:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1346:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1296:Sindbis virus
1294:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1005:
1004:
1003:
999:
996:
995:
993:
991:
990:
985:
982:
980:
974:
971:
969:
963:
958:
954:
951:
944:
939:
937:
932:
930:
925:
924:
921:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
896:
892:
891:
887:
885:
881:
880:
876:
872:
871:
868:
863:
859:
852:
843:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
815:
811:
807:
800:
797:
792:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
764:
760:
756:
749:
746:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
710:(3): 429–39.
709:
705:
698:
695:
684:on 2013-04-20
683:
679:
675:
669:
666:
661:
655:
651:
646:
645:
636:
633:
620:
616:
610:
607:
601:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
569:
566:
561:
557:
552:
547:
543:
539:
536:(3): 478–82.
535:
531:
527:
520:
517:
510:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
493:
491:
488:
484:
475:
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464:
459:
455:
451:
447:
446:
441:
440:
435:
431:
430:
424:
419:
417:
416:glycosylation
412:
411:
406:
405:Vero E6 cells
401:
393:
391:
387:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:
352:
349:carrier, the
348:
340:
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328:
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314:
306:
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297:
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288:
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238:
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158:
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154:
153:
149:
146:
145:
142:
141:
137:
134:
133:
130:
129:
125:
122:
121:
118:
117:
113:
110:
109:
106:
105:
104:Orthornavirae
101:
98:
97:
94:
93:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
67:
62:
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
35:
31:
19:
2346:Hantaviridae
2288:
2206:
2163:
2154:Mokola virus
2131:
2093:
2065:Retroviridae
2063:
2051:
2041:
1989:
1957:
1910:
1851:
1824:
1814:
1802:
1747:Bunyavirales
1745:
1662:Arenaviridae
1660:
1610:
1562:Bunyavirales
1560:
1515:
1495:
1481:Langat virus
1415:Flaviviridae
1413:
1404:Bhanja virus
1361:Bunyavirales
1359:
1324:
1224:
1196:Yellow fever
1184:Dengue fever
1104:Flaviviridae
1102:
1047:Tahyna virus
1012:Bwamba Fever
989:Bunyavirales
987:
888:
873:
813:
809:
799:
762:
758:
748:
707:
703:
697:
686:. Retrieved
682:the original
677:
668:
643:
635:
623:. Retrieved
618:
609:
582:
578:
568:
533:
529:
519:
486:
482:
479:
467:
461:
454:R. mexicanus
453:
443:
437:
427:
420:
408:
397:
388:
384:
353:
344:
341:Epidemiology
330:
326:
322:
316:
313:Four Corners
310:
300:
296:Four Corners
289:
278:
274:
269:
268:
267:
236:
231:
226:
206:
199:
192:
176:
175:
163:
152:Hantaviridae
151:
140:Bunyavirales
139:
127:
115:
103:
91:
84:
74:(unranked):
53:
33:
2231:Wikispecies
1853:Filoviridae
1675:Lassa fever
1571:Adria virus
1269:Chikungunya
1226:Togaviridae
1156:Usutu virus
1078:Ngari virus
1002:Batai virus
678:Bvs.insp.mx
421:The nested
335:Bayou virus
331:S. hispidus
327:P. leucopus
2335:Categories
2165:Poxviridae
2095:Poxviridae
2015:SARS-CoV-2
1517:Reoviridae
1395:Tete virus
1326:Reoviridae
1208:Zika fever
1057:Tete virus
955:(A80–B34,
816:(9): 862.
765:(2): 183.
688:2016-11-17
511:References
505:Hantavirus
487:Sin Nombre
483:Sin Nombre
434:Tula virus
376:California
368:New Mexico
351:deer mouse
301:Sin Nombre
2222:Q29002562
2174:Monkeypox
966:Arthropod
704:Oecologia
472:species.
258:Specialty
171:Species:
99:Kingdom:
92:Riboviria
2318:11460801
2304:Q1414484
2298:Wikidata
2264:46698645
2216:Wikidata
2122:Multiple
2010:SARS-CoV
2000:MERS-CoV
1189:DENV-1-4
977:Mosquito
950:Zoonotic
842:31527500
791:30795592
740:19495085
732:18064494
560:15109416
494:See also
469:Microtus
362:through
287:(HCPS).
262:Virology
218:Synonyms
147:Family:
111:Phylum:
2124:vectors
2104:Tanapox
2053:B virus
2031:Primate
1550:Sandfly
1376:(CCHFV)
957:042–079
895:D018804
833:6783877
810:Viruses
782:6409794
759:Viruses
712:Bibcode
600:6199996
551:3322788
372:Arizona
364:Florida
307:History
159:Genus:
135:Order:
123:Class:
2142:Rabies
2084:HTLV-2
2079:HTLV-1
2033:-borne
1921:Rabies
1843:-borne
1652:-borne
1650:Rodent
1641:-borne
1639:Mammal
1573:(ADRV)
1552:-borne
1351:-borne
979:-borne
968:-borne
884:079.81
840:
830:
789:
779:
738:
730:
656:
625:3 July
597:
558:
548:
423:RT-PCR
380:Canada
347:rodent
2313:IRMNG
2277:37705
2251:4XJ8J
1882:ZEBOV
1786:THAIV
1274:CHIKV
736:S2CID
436:with
407:from
360:Texas
85:Realm
78:Virus
2272:NCBI
2147:RABV
1948:CHPV
1936:DUVV
1931:MOKV
1926:ABLV
1899:RAVV
1894:MARV
1877:TAFV
1872:SUDV
1867:BDBV
1798:ANDV
1781:AMRV
1776:SEOV
1771:PUUV
1766:HTNV
1761:DOBV
1736:CHPV
1731:LUJV
1725:MACV
1714:SABV
1702:JUNV
1691:GTOV
1680:LASV
1530:CTFV
1485:LGTV
1474:AHFV
1470:KFDV
1460:OHFV
1445:POWV
1433:TBEV
1349:Tick
1285:ONNV
1263:VEEV
1253:WEEV
1243:EEEV
1213:ZIKV
1160:USUV
1150:SLEV
1139:KUNV
1134:MVEV
1092:RVFV
1082:NRIV
1072:BUNV
1051:TAHV
1041:LACV
1016:BWAV
1006:BATV
890:MeSH
879:9-CM
838:PMID
787:PMID
728:PMID
654:ISBN
627:2019
556:PMID
442:and
2259:EoL
2246:CoL
1978:NiV
1973:HeV
1941:LBV
1841:Bat
1803:SNV
1308:RRV
1201:YFV
1171:WNV
1122:JEV
1026:CEV
875:ICD
828:PMC
818:doi
777:PMC
767:doi
720:doi
708:155
650:161
595:PMC
587:doi
546:PMC
538:doi
400:RNA
275:SNV
52:of
2337::
2315::
2300::
2274::
2261::
2248::
2233::
2218::
1673::
1454::
1426::
1402::
1372::
1237::
1182::
1115::
1066::
1000::
893::
882::
836:.
826:.
814:11
812:.
808:.
785:.
775:.
763:11
761:.
757:.
734:.
726:.
718:.
706:.
676:.
652:.
617:.
593:.
583:24
581:.
577:.
554:.
544:.
534:10
532:.
528:.
456:,
448:,
432:,
370:,
87::
1391:)
1387:(
959:)
942:e
935:t
928:v
877:-
867:D
844:.
820::
793:.
769::
742:.
722::
714::
691:.
662:.
629:.
603:.
589::
562:.
540::
273:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
