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25:
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Vital Brazil thus began a series of experimental investigations, and in 1901 he was able to prove that monovalent sera against the
Asiatic species were ineffective against South American snakes, and proceeded to develop his first monovalent sera against the most common envenomations in Brazil, those
392:
The new São Paulo
Institute was built in a section of the city named Butantan, at the time a far-away place, near the Pinheiros river, a swampy, sparsely inhabited area. Under Vital Brazil, it soon became an energetic and exemplary research center in vaccines and sera of all kinds, which were
580:, who went on to found a growing number of schools, departments and research laboratories in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais, giving a great impetus to the development of medical and biological research and teaching in Brazil in the second half of the 20th century.
514:). He found several clinical and biochemical similarities between bothropic and crotalic envenomations and so he was the first to achieve a polyvalent serum, i.e., simultaneously effective against both species, which represented a triumph over the stark
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368:
Due to his outstanding work, the government of São Paulo founded a new Serum
Therapy Institute in 1901 and gave its directorship to Vital Brazil. He also founded the Institute of Hygiene, Serum Therapy and Veterinary Medicine in the city of
342:
and many others. In 1896, when he was still working in
Botucatu, Vital Brazil became specially interested in snake incidents and began his studies on snake poisoning, also keeping a scientific collection of snakes stored in alcohol.
384:. He continued working at the Butantan Institute for several decades until his retirement in 1919. He died on May 8, 1950, celebrated as one of the most important Brazilian scientists ever.
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caused by these species in North, Central and South
America. In a few decades, this mortality, which was higher than 25% to 20% of bitten people, fell to less than 2%.
560:
Most important of all, the
Butantan Institute became a fertile school for breeding a new generation of Brazilian biochemists, physiologists and pathologists, such as
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264:. His father gave him this curious name in homage to the country, the state and the city where he was born, as well as from the date, St. Vital’s Day.
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the antibody portion from the blood of injected animals), Vital Brazil and his coworkers were able to discover the first sera against two species of
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1005:
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46:
1021:
Mott, Maria Lucia; Alves, Olga Sofia Fabergé; Dias, Carlos
Eduardo Sampaio Burgos; Fernandes, Carolina Santucci; Ibañez, Nelson (2011). "
260:
Vital Brazil
Mineiro da Campanha was born on April 28, 1865, in the town of Campanha, in the state of Minas Gerais, Southeastern of the
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464:(1863–1933) had demonstrated this for the first time in 1892, by developing a monovalent serum to treat bites by the Indian
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549:' (1925) venoms. In the USA, Vital Brazil's name made the headlines when he used his serum to save the life of a worker in the
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39:
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genera. He went on to be also the first to develop anti-scorpion and anti-spider serums. He was the founder of the
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He therefore returned to São Paulo in 1897 and accepted a position in the
Instituto Bacteriológico de São Paulo (
50:
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662:
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279:, initially as a sanitary inspector in São Paulo (1892–1895), where he acquired experience in the prevalent
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1025:" [Vital Brazil's defense against snakebite and its contribution to Brazilian Public Health].
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587:, who wrote a well-cited biography of Vital Brazil in 1966, his contributions went further than
652:
Vital Brazil is commemorated in the scientific names of four species of South
American snakes:
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which have been isolated and studied with interest in all parts since they explain many of the
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at the end of the 19th century, which were being fueled by the great discoveries in Europe, by
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A defesa contra o ofidismo de Vital Brazil e a sua contribuição à Saúde Pública brasileira
595:"Vital Brazil and his collaborators have studied several actions of the venoms, (such as)
461:
1155:
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1038:
448:, then the cause of thousands of deaths in Brazil) could be fought with antisera, i.e.,
275:
in order to pay for his tuition and living expenses. After graduating, he began work in
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published in French in 1914, attained international repercussion with three editions."
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361:. There, he worked on the preparation of sera against several diseases, particularly
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and constitute interesting biochemical reagents, Vital Brazil studied also the
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and others, the ophiophagous birds and certain spiders. (...) His book,
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serpents, such as the mussurana, the ophiophagous mammals, such as the
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296:
16:
Brazilian physician, biomedical scientist, and immunologist (1865–1950)
793:
The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases
620:
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441:
418:
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154:
747:"Pioneers of anti-venomous serotherapy: Dr Vital Brazil (1865-1950)"
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Vital Brazil was convinced since his early work at Butantan that
417:(diseases transmitted to humans by animals), such as the dreaded
421:. The Institute came to be well known by his original name, the
18:
1217:
1177:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp.
789:"Paths to the discovery of antivenom serotherapy in France"
365:, of which he fell gravely ill, fortunately surviving it.
271:
in 1891, working as a technical assistant in the chair of
1000:(in Brazilian Portuguese). SciELO - Editora Fap-Unifesp.
1173:
Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011).
432:(poisoning by accidents with venomous animals, such as
998:À sombra do Plátano: crônicas de história da medicina
521:
Applying the same techniques (which involved gradual
299:), and then as a private practitioner in the city of
619:, etc. (...) The (animal) poisons contain numerous
176:
161:
139:
106:
83:
945:. Biblioteca Virtual Oswaldo Cruz. Archived from
856:. Biblioteca Virtual Oswaldo Cruz. Archived from
901:Contribuição de Vital Brazil para a Herpetologia
199:(April 28, 1865 – May 8, 1950), was a Brazilian
376:Vital Brazil carried out scientific travels to
267:He graduated from the Rio de Janeiro School of
8:
1087:"Immunology in Brazil: historical fragments"
452:specifically produced for venoms which were
211:, known for the discovery of the polyvalent
350:), under direction of the great Brazilian
91:
80:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1102:
844:
842:
822:
804:
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
499:genera (represented respectively by the
32:This article includes a list of general
1064:. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers.
1060:Donahue, J.C.; Shaw-Draves, C. (2019).
732:
1144:"Transcendence of Vital Brazil´s Work"
1062:Snakes in American Culture: A Hisstory
348:Bacteriological Institute of São Paulo
1154:. São Paulo: xiii–xvi. Archived from
879:"Biographical Data of Vital Brazil".
537:, and then extracting, purifying and
7:
917:10.47692/cadhistcienc.2014.v10.33911
782:
780:
740:
738:
736:
380:in 1904 and 1914 and to 1925 to the
1039:10.47692/cadhistcienc.2011.v7.34371
252:, the science of venomous animals.
1091:Scandinavian Journal of Immunology
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1275:20th-century Brazilian scientists
1270:19th-century Brazilian physicians
1265:19th-century Brazilian scientists
1175:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
557:who was bitten by a rattlesnake.
1104:10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.01960.x
721:Science and Technology in Brazil
533:by administering small doses of
193:Vital Brazil Mineiro da Campanha
111:Vital Brazil Mineiro da Campanha
23:
1234:Biblioteca Virtual Vital Brazil
1027:Cadernos de História da Ciência
939:"Federal Serotherapy Institute"
905:Cadernos de História da Ciência
787:Bochner, Rosany (8 June 2016).
244:, a research center located in
1148:Memórias do Instituto Butantan
314:Vital Brazil was attracted by
1:
888:. O Instituto Butantan. 1966.
641:La défense contre l’ophidisme
425:, and is still active today.
98:
763:10.1016/0041-0101(92)90851-u
1029:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
907:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
1296:
899:Puorto, Giuseppe (2014). "
745:Hawgood, B.J. (May 1992).
1204:www.reptile-database.org.
996:de Rezende, J.M. (2009).
806:10.1186/s40409-016-0074-7
460:. A French immunologist,
393:produced locally for the
318:in the growing fields of
186:
169:
90:
1280:People from Minas Gerais
1085:Sant'Anna, O.A. (2007).
968:"Instituto Vital Brazil"
479:Bust of Vital Brazil in
1260:Brazilian immunologists
574:Wilson Teixeira Beraldo
215:used to treat bites of
53:more precise citations.
1218:Instituto Vital Brazil
943:oswaldocruz.fiocruz.br
854:oswaldocruz.fiocruz.br
645:
578:Maurício Rocha e Silva
483:
311:
283:diseases of the time (
1142:Houssay, B.A (1966).
972:vitalbrazil.rj.gov.br
593:
478:
310:Vital Brazil in 1911.
309:
303:, from 1895 to 1896.
1202:The Reptile Database
1185:. ("Brazil", p. 37).
566:Carlos Ribeiro Diniz
562:José Moura Gonçalves
658:Rhachidelus brazili
637:Conepatus chilensis
1228:Instituto Butantan
671:Drymoluber brazili
484:
481:Instituto Butantan
423:Butantan Institute
312:
242:Butantan Institute
213:anti-ophidic serum
1197:Chironius brazili
1183:978-1-4214-0135-5
1071:978-1-4766-3453-1
1007:978-85-61673-63-5
698:Chironius brazili
397:and treatment of
190:
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171:Scientific career
79:
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1236:(In Portuguese).
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757:(5–6): 573–579.
742:
710:
693:
685:Bothrops brazili
680:
666:
585:Bernardo Houssay
570:Gastão Rosenfeld
487:produced by the
316:medical research
262:Empire of Brazil
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133:Empire of Brazil
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555:New York City
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62:
59:February 2013
52:
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42:
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35:
30:
21:
20:
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1156:the original
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862:. Retrieved
858:the original
853:
796:
792:
754:
750:
696:
683:
669:
656:
651:
640:
636:
629:ophiophagous
594:
582:
559:
523:immunization
520:
496:
492:
488:
485:
469:
427:
413:and several
407:yellow fever
391:
375:
367:
347:
345:
340:Paul Ehrlich
320:bacteriology
313:
293:yellow fever
266:
259:
235:
229:
223:
209:immunologist
197:Vital Brazil
196:
192:
191:
170:
145:(1950-05-08)
129:Minas Gerais
85:Vital Brazil
65:
56:
37:
1255:1950 deaths
1250:1865 births
617:proteolytic
609:agglutinant
589:herpetology
512:coral snake
508:rattlesnake
419:hydrophobia
395:prophylaxis
359:Adolfo Lutz
352:pathologist
336:Robert Koch
195:, known as
162:Citizenship
143:May 8, 1950
51:introducing
1244:Categories
982:2020-10-15
953:2020-10-15
864:15 October
727:References
510:, and the
450:antibodies
403:diphtheria
328:immunology
273:Physiology
250:toxicology
181:Immunology
117:1865-04-28
34:references
1224:Home page
1113:0300-9475
1047:1809-7634
925:1809-7634
815:1678-9199
707:Fernandes
663:Boulenger
613:cytotoxic
605:hemolytic
597:coagulant
551:Bronx Zoo
543:scorpions
516:mortality
446:batrachia
438:scorpions
246:São Paulo
205:scientist
201:physician
165:Brazilian
1220:Website.
1194:Species
1129:40413133
1121:17635787
833:27279829
715:See also
625:symptoms
501:jararaca
497:Elapidae
493:Crotalus
489:Bothrops
458:peptides
454:proteins
415:zoonoses
411:smallpox
324:virology
301:Botucatu
285:smallpox
281:epidemic
269:Medicine
231:Bothrops
225:Crotalus
217:venomous
125:Campanha
1226:of the
824:4898362
771:1519249
751:Toxicon
679:, 1918)
621:enzymes
547:spiders
442:spiders
399:tetanus
371:Niterói
297:cholera
222:of the
47:improve
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799:: 20.
769:
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705:&
703:Hamdan
692:, 1954
665:, 1908
648:Legacy
635:-like
535:venoms
527:horses
506:, the
434:snakes
378:Europe
220:snakes
177:Fields
155:Brazil
36:, but
1125:S2CID
886:(PDF)
677:Gomes
633:skunk
531:sheep
504:snake
466:cobra
237:Elaps
1179:ISBN
1117:PMID
1109:ISSN
1066:ISBN
1043:ISSN
1002:ISBN
921:ISSN
866:2020
829:PMID
811:ISSN
767:PMID
690:Hoge
576:and
529:and
495:and
444:and
388:Work
354:and
326:and
295:and
256:Life
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207:and
140:Died
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