482:(1997), Shlapentokh analyzes the evolution of the feudal structure in Soviet society during the civil war and the Perestroika era when feudal tendencies were particularly strong. In his book, Contemporary Russia as a Feudal Society: A New Perspective on the Post-Soviet Era (2007), in addition to several articles first published in 1995, Shlapentokh describes three major sectors of post-Soviet Russia: liberal, authoritarian, and feudal, paying special attention to the role of the feudal segment as well to the role of the liberal sector. As he demonstrates in numerous publications on Putin's regime, the significant role of private property in post-Soviet authoritarian society makes Russia's transformation into a totalitarian regime impossible. In his other publications, Shlapentokh, with contributions from Woods, demonstrates how all three major sector models are necessary for the study of many developments in American society, such as the relations between corporations and the government, the impact of money on the election process, private security, and the impact of personal relations on politics, among others.
533:(2008) written with coauthor Eric Shiraev. Among the insiders, special attention was paid to the ruling elite, the liberal intellectuals, and the average person. The outsiders included the Sovietologists, American media and American public opinion whose models of the Soviet society were in deep contradiction with each other. By all accounts, Shlapentokh with Shiraev made the first attempt in social science to show in a systematic way, with the use of available empirical data, how the same society, its political, economic, and social structures, as well as its culture and history, was perceived so differently by its residents and by foreigners. Shlapentokh rejects relativism in the social sciences, and operates under the concept of "hard reality," which is defined as a reality that can only be delineated by existing objective empirical data. .
550:
at
Michigan State University, appropriately enough in 1984. In Shlapentokh's opinion, being as an outsider, Orwell better understood the essence of Soviet society than many critical analysts inside the country. He insisted that the numerous authors who discussed Orwell ignored or underestimated the contribution that Orwell's 1984 had to the social sciences, such as the discovery of an efficient mechanism that allows people to adapt to any hierarchical organization, from a department at an American University to the Soviet totalitarian society. He also asserts that only "the love of Big Brother" guarantees the individual perfect conformity, which is discussed in Shlapentokh's essay "George Orwell: Russia's Tocqueville," published in a book of compiled scholarly essays on Orwell, George Orwell into the Twentieth Century (2004).
467:
Shlapentokh contends that it is impossible to explain society with the contribution of just one theoretical model which supposes that the whole society functions according to the principles of a single system. In
Shlapentokh's view, most societies are segmented and exhibit a combination of different universal social structures which existed in the past and still exist today. Shlapentokh comes up against the erroneous use of the historical approach in social analysis which supposes the permanent appearance of new social structures and the disappearance of the old ones. The term "combinatorics" is for Shlapentokh a key concept for understanding why mankind, with only a few types of social organizations, has been able to create such vast social diversity over time and space.
567:
xenophobia and desire for justice. For example, the
Russian Bolsheviks flawlessly exploited hatred of social inequality, while Stalin and Putin were able to exploit xenophobia with the same success. For Shlapentokh, the distinction between the elites and the masses plays a leading role in the analysis of describing any society to date, from Soviet to post-Soviet Russia, to American society. In his opinion, the many problems of post-Soviet Russia, beginning with the failure of democratization, should not be ascribed to the masses but to the new elites, which, having attained the means for personal enrichment, have in turn supported the authoritarian system so as to guarantee the stability of their own newly acquired wealth and status.
521:(1986), that the "internal ideology," or the ideology of the Soviet ruling elite, strongly differs from public ideology, which is comparable to how the oligarchic ideology of the corporate class is different from public ideology in the United States. The existence of two types of ideologies explains why in most societies there are two channels of information, one for the public and one for "the inner circle." Shlapentokh considers the Soviet public and party ideologies as complex and relatively flexible structures with distinct trends flowing through them, which consequently explains why, with each new leader, ideologies have tended to change substantially (see: Soviet Ideologies in the Period of Glasnost 1988).
475:
Ideologies in the Period of
Glasnost 1988). Among the private institutions of Soviet society, Shlapentokh paid special attention to friendship as somewhat of an antidote to the might of the Soviet state. In his book Love, Marriage, and Friendship in the Soviet Union (1984) as well as in his memoirs, An Autobiographical Narration of the Role of Fear and Friendship in the Soviet Union (2004), Shlapentokh showed how important friendship was to the everyday life of the Soviet people due to the affordances that it offered through its social network and social capital.
498:
organizations throughout the country, and was able to quickly mobilize resources for military objectives. In fact, the Soviet Union was able to run all elements of society, which was particularly important in allowing Soviet society to reproduce itself. Shlapentokh denies the inevitability of the Soviet collapse in the early 1990s, and believes that if
Gorbachev had not launched his ill- conceived reforms, the USSR, which was not endangered unlike tsarist Russia by foreign countries, could have continued to function for many years.
494:(2001), he endeavors to convey his vision of the Soviet Union's evolution from its origin to its end. In this book, Shlapentokh rejects the views of two warring camps in Sovietology: the faction that views the Soviet system only as a regime, which was imposed on the Russians by a band of ideological fanatics and adventurists, and the opposing group, or the revisionist camp, which tended to perceive the USSR as a type of pluralistic society that had ample participation from the masses within the government.
505:(2006) the usefulness of Hobbesian fear for the maintenance of order even in such a democratic society as the United States. In his opinion, "positive socialization" and the internalization of positive values is simply not enough to sustain order in Western societies. Without the fear of sanctions, people would violate the law and disturb social order much more often than in a society where order is sustained only by internalized values, a view dominant in American sociology since Talcott Parsons.
588:
of
Sociological Information: Validity, Representativeness and Prognostic Potential 2006). Because of his belief in the strong impact that ideology and media had on respondents in sociological studies and polls, Shlapentokh was one of the first in contemporary polling practices, along with fellow sociologist Boris Grushin, to develop the technique of using many different procedures which helped in comparing data from various sources of information, in order to find the most reliable data.
525:
claims that many people in various societies, which seemingly subscribe to the strong beliefs of the dominant ideology, actually expect others, but not themselves, to behave according to them. It can be contended that official values are regarded by many people as "gala values," as values not for them personally, but as values for others. These people also expect others, but not themselves, to be consistent in their views.
256:
554:
society as the United States. In his opinion, "positive socialization" and the internalization of positive values is simply not enough to sustain order in
Western societies. Without the fear of sanctions, people would violate the law and disturb social order much more often than in a society where order is sustained only by internalized values, a view dominant in American sociology since Talcott Parsons.
125:
471:
models of social organization (or
Weberian "ideal types"). The concrete elements of society that do not fit a given model should not be seen merely as "deviations" from the system but rather as empirical evidence that more than one model is needed for the analysis. The specifics of each society are determined by the roles of social organizations and their interactions with each other.
458:
sociological studies, publishing a number of the first Soviet books on sampling techniques, as well as on survey techniques. These publications served as textbooks for several generations of
Russian social scientists. The first popular book on sociology in the USSR, Sociology for All (1970) was a best seller in the country and attracted many young people to the sociology profession.
25:
584:
freedom of expression on the readiness of their respondents to be sincere in their surveys. Shlapentokh and several of his colleagues were sure that respondents in any society, but particularly those in authoritarian societies, were influenced by "desirable values," the desire of people to answer questions in accordance with the ideology dominant in their milieu.
580:
English. He furthermore employed his experience as an empirical sociologist in dozens of studies in the Soviet Union, as well as, much later, for the international project regarding world attitudes towards
America in the aftermath of September 11 (see: America: Sovereign Defender or Cowboy Nation? Edited by Shlapentokh together with Woods and Shiraev, 2005).
66:
426:. Shlapentokh conducted the first set of national public opinion surveys in the Soviet Union, working as a Senior Fellow at the Institute of Sociology, Moscow. By the time he emigrated to the United States in 1979, he had published ten books, as well as several articles on the methodology of sociological studies and various social issues.
571:
New Elite In Post-Communist Eastern Europe 1999. Edited by Shlapentokh et al.; "Moscow's Values: Masses and the Elite," in Nation Building and Common Values in Russia 2003; "Russian Civil Society: Elite Versus Mass Attitudes Toward Democratization" in Democratization, Comparisons, Confrontations and Contrasts 2008).
570:
In his study of anti-Americanism in Russia and in other countries, Shlapentokh insisted that it was the elite and not ordinary people who inspired anti-Americanism, and that the anti-American sentiment of ordinary people was usually a product of the media which was controlled by the elites (see: The
528:
In studying the interaction between ideology and public opinion, Shlapentokh joined, in the early 1970s, phenomenologists Berger and Luckman who focused on the concept of "multiple realities," which supposes that people hold very different images of the same "objective reality." Later on, Shlapentokh
587:
No other expert on surveys in the United States has paid as much attention to the veracity of respondents as Shlapentokh has, developing his theories on this issue in two books published in Russian (see: The Empirical Validity of the Statistical Information in Sociological Studies 1973; The Quality
579:
Shlapentokh was the director of the first national surveys based on random samplings in the 1960s and 1970s, which were the first national scientific surveys in the history of the Soviet Union. The results of these surveys were included in numerous Russian publications, and were also translated into
562:
Shlapentokh links the significant role of ideology in society to the role of the elites, particularly the political elites. For Shlapentokh, it is the elites, not the masses, which are the creators and the modifiers of ideology. The ruling political elite impose the values and norms of the dominant
524:
Shlapentokh also discusses another mechanism of adaptation to the dominant ideology which he labels as "'values for me and values for others," which was initially published in the article "The Study of Values as a Social Phenomenon: the Soviet Case" (Social Forces 1982). In this theory, Shlapentokh
513:
Public opinion and ideology in authoritarian and democratic society is of special interest for Shlapentokh. Contrary to many contemporary American social scientists who do not use the term "ideology," but have rather replaced it due to the influence of postmodernists with the vague term "narration,"
466:
As Vladimir Shlapentokh's major contribution to social science, his segmented approach theory to the study of society is paramount. The segmented approach breaks with the principles of "system analysis," as formulated in the 1950s-1960s which continues to be generally unchallenged in social science.
448:
From 1982, Vladimir Shlapentokh served as a consultant to the United States government, regularly reporting on social processes, ideology, and public opinion on post-communist states, including Russia. Vladimir Shlapentokh spoke English, German, French, Italian, Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, and other
549:
Paying the utmost attention to fear in authoritarian and, in particular, totalitarian societies, Shlapentokh organized three conferences dedicated to terror in the Soviet Union and in other repressive regimes. The first of his conference series, entitled "1984," was devoted to Orwell and took place
470:
The most important social structures include feudal, authoritarian, and liberal. Among other universal structures are religious, criminal, and anarchistic. The segmented character of society, with the coexistence and interaction of various social structures, demands the simultaneous use of multiple
536:
In the comparison of different models, or perceptions, of the same society, Shlapentokh supposes that those perceptions which are more critical of the actual society are closer to "hard reality" than the apologetic images of the society. Of course, we should dismiss critical views inspired by the
566:
While attributing a rather passive role to the masses in ideological processes, Shlapentokh at the same time acknowledges that those cultural traditions and internalized feelings and beliefs held by the masses are important, as they are used by the elite for shaping and changing the ideological
583:
The major mark of totalitarian society, the role of fear and ideology, makes clear why Shlapentokh made the focus in his methodological studies the empirical validity of sociological data. This issue had largely escaped the attention of American sociologists who overestimated the impact of the
553:
At the same time, speaking about his disgust of the Orwellian fear present in a totalitarian society, Shlapentokh suggested in his book Fear in Contemporary Society: Its Negative and Positive Effects (2006) the usefulness of Hobbesian fear for the maintenance of order even in such a democratic
474:
Shlapentokh applies his segmented approach to the analysis of three societies: Soviet society, post-Soviet Russia and the United States. He was one of the first to study the processes of privatization during the post-Stalin era (see: Public and Private Life of the Soviet People 1989; Soviet
457:
Vladimir Shlapentokh began his career in social science as a Soviet sociologist and was one of the founders of a new science which had been forbidden in the USSR until the 1960s. In the 1960s and 1970s, until his emigration to the United States, he was the leading expert on methodology of
497:
Instead, Shlapentokh regards the Soviet Union as a quite efficient "normal" totalitarian society with the state as its central institution. The Communist party, the main instrument of the state, through its network, was an efficient coordinator of activities pertaining to all branches of
545:
Shlapentokh pays special attention to the actual repression in the Soviet system as well as to the fear of potential repression. He suggests that fear of the authorities, party bosses, and political police, was a major underlying reason for the endurance of the Soviet system.
1142:
395:; 19 October 1926 β 6 October 2015) was a Soviet and American sociologist, historian, political scientist, and university professor, notable for his work on Soviet and Russian society and politics as well as theoretical work in sociology.
327:
514:
Shlapentokh is inclined to see ideology, which is a set of values and beliefs, as a very powerful social factor which influences almost all types of social activity, particularly the opinions of people.
1137:
537:
blind hatred of society or those that are based solely in conspiracy, as these views are marred by a distorted view of reality and thus do very little for the true analysis of society.
322:
517:
Shlapentokh differentiates between public (open) ideology and the closed (internal or "party") ideology of the elites themselves. He shows, for instance, in his book
1092:
334:
429:
After moving to the United States, Vladimir Shlapentokh published more than 30 books and dozens of professional articles. He wrote columns appearing in the
1112:
1122:
398:
He was a Professor of Sociology at Michigan State University (MSU). Vladimir Shlapentokh was widely considered a "founding father" (together with
563:
ideology on the population, which they are able to do by using their monopoly on media, education, and culture, as well as by means of coercion.
1107:
490:
The authoritarian society has become the heart of Shlapentokh's research and writing. In his foremost book on the nature of totalitarianism,
142:
38:
88:
501:
At the same time, speaking about his disgust of the Orwellian fear present in a totalitarian society, Shlapentokh suggested in his book
945:
922:
1060:
1127:
226:
208:
106:
52:
189:
161:
1147:
982:
1097:
1054:
903:
880:
861:
834:
811:
792:
769:
746:
723:
704:
685:
146:
168:
1132:
1117:
1102:
84:
80:
175:
1087:
135:
366:
157:
44:
892:ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ: Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»
302:
896:
Problems of quality of sociological information: reliability, representativeness, prognostic potential
1082:
1077:
669:
Problems of representativeness sociological information: random and non-random sampling in sociology
665:ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ: ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
399:
182:
1046:
1042:
1011:
853:
849:
626:ΠΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°: ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π±ΡΡΠΆΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²
75:
may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience
1010:"Shlapentokh, Vladimir | MSU Department of Sociology". Sociology.msu.edu. 2013, webpage:
1050:
941:
918:
899:
876:
857:
830:
807:
788:
765:
742:
719:
700:
681:
478:
In a book written in collaboration with historian Mikhail Loiberg and economist Roman Levita,
356:
384:
1034:
630:
Econometrics and problems of economic growth: macromodelling in bourgeois economists' works
758:
1071:
423:
403:
284:
1039:
An autobiographical narration of the role of fear and friendship in the Soviet Union
1035:"Chapter 6. Bittersweet life in post-Stalinist Russia: academic campus in the 1960s"
846:
An autobiographical narration of the role of fear and friendship in the Soviet Union
519:
Soviet Public Opinion and Ideology: The Interaction Between Mythology and Pragmatism
255:
804:
A normal totalitarian society: how the Soviet Union functioned and how it collapsed
737:
Public and private life of the Soviet people: changing values in post-Stalin Russia
938:
Contemporary Russia as a feudal society: a new perspective on the post-Soviet era
915:
Contemporary Russia as a feudal society: a new perspective on the post-Soviet era
735:
407:
124:
352:
87:
any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against
1027:
716:
Soviet public opinion and ideology: mythology and pragmatism in interaction
697:
Soviet public opinion and ideology: mythology and pragmatism in interaction
934:Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡ
652:ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π·Π°Π²ΡΡΠ°: Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
1143:
Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics, and Informatics alumni
678:
Love, marriage, and friendship in the Soviet Union: ideals and practices
606:] (in Russian). Moscow: Publishing House of Moscow State University.
531:
The Soviet Union: Internal and External Perspectives on Soviet Society
480:
The Province Versus the Center in Russia: From Submission to Rebellion
656:
How tomorrow is studied today: modern methods of social forecasting
829:] (in Russian). Tenafly: Publishing House of Zvezda magazine.
328:
Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics, and Informatics
419:
280:
873:
Fear in contemporary society: its negative and positive effects
503:
Fear in Contemporary Society: Its Negative and Positive Effects
964:
Senior Fellow, the Institute of Sociology, Moscow (until 1979)
619:] (in Russian). Novosibirsk: Novosibirsk State University.
118:
59:
18:
760:
Soviet intellectuals and political power: the post-Stalin era
529:
analyzed the images of insiders as outsiders in his book,
983:"Π£ΡΠ΅Π» ΠΈΠ· ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠΌΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Π¨Π»ΡΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡ
"
323:
Institute of World Economy and International Affairs
1138:
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv alumni
787:] (in Russian). St. Petersburg: The Hermitage.
362:
348:
318:
310:
291:
262:
241:
149:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
757:
734:
785:Discovering America: letters to friends in Moscow
370:Senior Fellow, the Institute of Sociology, Moscow
645:] (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Rossiya.
418:Vladimir Shlapentokh was born and educated in
8:
940:] (in Russian). Moscow: Stolitsa-Print.
827:Fear and friendship in our totalitarian past
823:Π‘ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠΆΠ±Π° Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
658:] (in Russian). Moscow: Soviet Russia.
509:Ideology and public opinion in interaction
332:Economic Statistical Institute, B.A. 1950
254:
238:
781:ΠΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡ: ΠΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ° Π΄ΡΡΠ·ΡΡΠΌ Π² ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ
764:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
227:Learn how and when to remove this message
209:Learn how and when to remove this message
107:Learn how and when to remove this message
613:ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ
974:
671:] (in Russian). Moscow: Statistika.
1093:Soviet emigrants to the United States
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
741:. New York: Oxford University Press.
7:
961:Professor, Michigan State University
147:adding citations to reliable sources
600:ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°
1063:from the original on 30 June 2014.
617:Some problems of political economy
486:The nature of totalitarian society
389:ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΜΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠΌΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΜΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Π¨Π»ΡΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΜΡ
381:Vladimir Emmanuilovich Shlapentokh
267:Vladimir Emmanuilovich Shlapentokh
89:Knowledge (XXG)'s inclusion policy
14:
1113:Michigan State University faculty
898:] (in Russian). Moscow: Π¦Π‘Π.
806:. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe.
632:] (in Russian). Moscow: Mysl.
604:Criticism of modern Malthusianism
34:This article has multiple issues.
917:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
875:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
123:
64:
23:
393:Vladimir ΓmmanuiloviΔ Ε lΓ’pentoh
249:ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠΌΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Π¨Π»ΡΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡ
134:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1123:Writers about the Soviet Union
1033:Shlapentokh, Vladimir (2004).
932:Shlapentokh, Vladimir (2008).
913:Shlapentokh, Vladimir (2007).
890:Shlapentokh, Vladimir (2006).
871:Shlapentokh, Vladimir (2006).
844:Shlapentokh, Vladimir (2004).
821:Shlapentokh, Vladimir (2003).
802:Shlapentokh, Vladimir (2001).
779:Shlapentokh, Vladimir (1990).
756:Shlapentokh, Vladimir (1990).
733:Shlapentokh, Vladimir (1989).
714:Shlapentokh, Vladimir (1987).
695:Shlapentokh, Vladimir (1986).
676:Shlapentokh, Vladimir (1984).
663:Shlapentokh, Vladimir (1976).
650:Shlapentokh, Vladimir (1973).
637:Shlapentokh, Vladimir (1970).
624:Shlapentokh, Vladimir (1966).
611:Shlapentokh, Vladimir (1965).
598:Shlapentokh, Vladimir (1958).
1:
1108:American political scientists
492:A Normal Totalitarian Society
16:Soviet and American academic
718:. Boulder: Westview Press.
1164:
443:Christian Science Monitor
388:
374:
367:Michigan State University
341:
253:
248:
1128:Russian studies scholars
410:) of Soviet sociology.
1148:Ukrainian sociologists
462:The segmented approach
303:East Lansing, Michigan
158:"Vladimir Shlapentokh"
1098:American sociologists
699:. New York: Praeger.
680:. New York: Praeger.
335:Kyiv State University
1133:Russian sociologists
1118:Writers about Russia
243:Vladimir Shlapentokh
143:improve this article
1103:American historians
639:Π‘ΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
575:Empirical Sociology
424:former Soviet Union
1047:Edwin Mellen Press
1043:Lewiston, New York
854:Edwin Mellen Press
850:Lewiston, New York
558:The role of elites
449:Slavic languages.
1088:Writers from Kyiv
643:Sociology for all
439:Los Angeles Times
378:
377:
357:political science
343:Scientific career
237:
236:
229:
219:
218:
211:
193:
117:
116:
109:
57:
1155:
1064:
1028:Official Website
1015:
1008:
991:
990:
979:
951:
928:
909:
886:
867:
840:
817:
798:
775:
763:
752:
740:
729:
710:
691:
672:
659:
646:
633:
620:
607:
390:
298:
276:
274:
258:
239:
232:
225:
214:
207:
203:
200:
194:
192:
151:
127:
119:
112:
105:
101:
98:
92:
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1068:
1067:
1057:
1032:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1009:
994:
981:
980:
976:
971:
958:
948:
931:
925:
912:
906:
889:
883:
870:
864:
843:
837:
820:
814:
801:
795:
778:
772:
755:
749:
732:
726:
713:
707:
694:
688:
675:
662:
649:
636:
623:
610:
597:
594:
577:
560:
543:
541:Fear in society
511:
488:
464:
455:
435:Washington Post
416:
369:
333:
331:
326:
319:Alma mater
306:
300:
296:
287:
278:
277:19 October 1926
272:
270:
269:
268:
244:
233:
222:
221:
220:
215:
204:
198:
195:
152:
150:
140:
128:
113:
102:
96:
93:
79:Please help by
78:
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1161:
1159:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1055:
1030:
1023:
1022:External links
1020:
1017:
1016:
992:
973:
972:
970:
967:
966:
965:
962:
957:
954:
953:
952:
947:978-5981321375
946:
929:
924:978-0230600966
923:
910:
904:
887:
881:
868:
862:
841:
835:
818:
812:
799:
793:
776:
770:
753:
747:
730:
724:
711:
705:
692:
686:
673:
660:
647:
634:
621:
608:
593:
590:
576:
573:
559:
556:
542:
539:
510:
507:
487:
484:
463:
460:
454:
451:
431:New York Times
415:
412:
400:Vladimir Yadov
376:
375:
372:
371:
364:
360:
359:
350:
346:
345:
339:
338:
320:
316:
315:
312:
308:
307:
301:
299:(aged 88)
295:6 October 2015
293:
289:
288:
279:
266:
264:
260:
259:
251:
250:
246:
245:
242:
235:
234:
217:
216:
131:
129:
122:
115:
114:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1160:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
993:
988:
984:
978:
975:
968:
963:
960:
959:
955:
949:
943:
939:
935:
930:
926:
920:
916:
911:
907:
901:
897:
893:
888:
884:
878:
874:
869:
865:
859:
855:
851:
847:
842:
838:
832:
828:
824:
819:
815:
809:
805:
800:
796:
790:
786:
782:
777:
773:
767:
762:
761:
754:
750:
744:
739:
738:
731:
727:
721:
717:
712:
708:
702:
698:
693:
689:
683:
679:
674:
670:
666:
661:
657:
653:
648:
644:
640:
635:
631:
627:
622:
618:
614:
609:
605:
601:
596:
595:
592:Books written
591:
589:
585:
581:
574:
572:
568:
564:
557:
555:
551:
547:
540:
538:
534:
532:
526:
522:
520:
515:
508:
506:
504:
499:
495:
493:
485:
483:
481:
476:
472:
468:
461:
459:
452:
450:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
413:
411:
409:
405:
404:Boris Grushin
401:
396:
394:
386:
382:
373:
368:
365:
361:
358:
354:
351:
347:
344:
340:
336:
330:, Ph.D. 1956
329:
324:
321:
317:
313:
309:
304:
294:
290:
286:
285:Ukrainian SSR
282:
265:
261:
257:
252:
247:
240:
231:
228:
213:
210:
202:
191:
188:
184:
181:
177:
174:
170:
167:
163:
160: β
159:
155:
154:Find sources:
148:
144:
138:
137:
132:This article
130:
126:
121:
120:
111:
108:
100:
97:December 2015
90:
86:
82:
76:
73:This article
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1038:
986:
977:
956:Institutions
937:
933:
914:
895:
891:
872:
845:
826:
822:
803:
784:
780:
759:
736:
715:
696:
677:
668:
664:
655:
651:
642:
638:
629:
625:
616:
612:
603:
599:
586:
582:
578:
569:
565:
561:
552:
548:
544:
535:
530:
527:
523:
518:
516:
512:
502:
500:
496:
491:
489:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
456:
453:Early career
447:
442:
438:
434:
430:
428:
417:
397:
392:
380:
379:
363:Institutions
342:
297:(2015-10-06)
223:
205:
199:October 2015
196:
186:
179:
172:
165:
153:
141:Please help
136:verification
133:
103:
94:
81:spinning off
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
1083:2015 deaths
1078:1926 births
408:Yuri Levada
337:, B.A. 1949
311:Nationality
1072:Categories
1056:0773462945
969:References
905:5982010138
882:140397389X
863:0773462945
836:5942140480
813:1563244713
794:1557790132
771:0691094594
748:0195042662
725:0813372593
706:0275925617
687:0030715415
441:, and the
273:1926-10-19
169:newspapers
85:relocating
39:improve it
414:Biography
353:sociology
45:talk page
1061:Archived
989:. WCIOM.
314:American
422:in the
385:Russian
183:scholar
1053:
944:
921:
902:
879:
860:
833:
810:
791:
768:
745:
722:
703:
684:
437:, the
433:, the
406:, and
349:Fields
325:, 1966
305:, U.S.
185:
178:
171:
164:
156:
1012:MSUsv
987:WCIOM
936:[
894:[
825:[
783:[
667:[
654:[
641:[
628:[
615:[
602:[
190:JSTOR
176:books
1051:ISBN
942:ISBN
919:ISBN
900:ISBN
877:ISBN
858:ISBN
831:ISBN
808:ISBN
789:ISBN
766:ISBN
743:ISBN
720:ISBN
701:ISBN
682:ISBN
420:Kyiv
292:Died
281:Kyiv
263:Born
162:news
145:by
83:or
1074::
1059:.
1049:.
1045::
1041:.
1037:.
995:^
985:.
856:.
852::
848:.
445:.
402:,
391:,
387::
355:,
283:,
48:.
1014:.
950:.
927:.
908:.
885:.
866:.
839:.
816:.
797:.
774:.
751:.
728:.
709:.
690:.
383:(
275:)
271:(
230:)
224:(
212:)
206:(
201:)
197:(
187:Β·
180:Β·
173:Β·
166:Β·
139:.
110:)
104:(
99:)
95:(
91:.
77:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
