66:
73:
49:
625:
caldera, while hydrothermal vent deposits are found throughout the edifice. The vents around the horseshoe-shaped caldera may coincide with the margins of the caldera and thus are structurally controlled. Recent hydrothermal deposits around the summit, which was eroded during low sea level, indicate hydrothermal activity during the
738:-containing crusts and nodules occur on Palinuro, which probably formed under hydrothermal influence after a transition from high (which emplaced the sulfides) to low temperature hydrothermal activity. They are often found in spatial coincidence with sulfidic deposits which form chimneys. The crusts and nodules contain
365:
that
Palinuro seamount formed on may be the northern margin of the Calabrian subduction zone ("subduction-transform edge propagator") and continues through Glabro, Enotrio and Ovidio seamounts and then on land as the Cetraro-Rossano Line. This lineament also appears to separate a tectonically stable
253:
The seamount is about 3 km (1.9 mi) high. It has a 50 km (31 mi)-70 km (43 mi) long and 25 km (16 mi) wide east-west elongated shape. It is asymmetric, with the northern slopes less steep as they descend to 1,800 m (5,900 ft) depth than the southern
696:
and lead and silver containing sulfosalts. The sulfide deposits typically have a gel-like appearance and contain bacterial fossils, implying that microbial activity played a major role in their development. They occur in several metres thick deposits, often buried by sediments and in proximity to
624:
emissions have been found at
Palinuro, which form small chimneys, stained rocks, spires reaching 30 cm (12 in) height and warm (>60 °C (140 °F)) muds with sulfide-sulfate deposits. The hydrothermal vents are found on the western side of Palinuro, around the horseshoe-shaped
281:
4 km (2.5 mi) wide sediment-filled caldera at the western end of the volcano. On the eastern end of
Palinuro lies another potential caldera, also filled with sediment, as well as an uneroded crater. In the central area of Palinuro, but still within the eastern sector, lies the summit
2530:
Petersen, S.; Augustin, N.; de
Benedetti, A.; Esposito, A.; Gaertner, A.; Gemmell, B.; Gibson, H.; He, G.; Huegler, M.; Kleeberg, R.; Kuever, J.; Kummer, N. A.; Lackschewitz, K.; Lappe, F.; Monecke, T.; Perrin, K.; Peters, M.; Sharpe, R.; Simpson, K.; Smith, D.; Wan, B. (1 December 2007).
2174:
Hilpold, Andreas; Schönswetter, Peter; Susanna, Alfonso; Garcia-Jacas, NĂșria; Vilatersana, Roser (April 2011). "Evolution of the central
Mediterranean Centaurea cineraria group (Asteraceae): Evidence for relatively recent, allopatric diversification following transoceanic seed dispersal".
295:, which may have formed when sea levels were so low that the summit of Palinuro rose above the sea. Gullies, rocky outcrops and crater remnants are found on the flat-topped cones. Rocky outcrops are scarce in the central part of Palinuro seamount, which is largely covered with sediments.
611:
18,000-20,000 years ago, and seismicity and hydrothermal activity - which tend to weaken volcanic edifices - could contribute to future collapses on the volcano. Some collapse scenarios could generate waves several metres high that would impact Sicily and
Campania.
544:
Palinuro was active between 800,000 and 300,000 years ago. The growth of the seamount was probably protracted and complex and there appears to be a clear distinction between the eastern and western sectors of
Palinuro, and the eastern half may be still active.
290:
2,500 m (8,200 ft) wide. The smaller of which rises to 80 m (260 ft)-70 m (230 ft) depth below sea level; it is the shallowest point of
Palinuro. The flat-topped cones formed through erosion and feature
179:. The shallowest point lies at 80â70 m (260â230 ft) depth and formed an island during past episodes of low sea level. Palinuro was active during the last 800,000 years and is likely the source for a 10,000 years old
339:-like structure, and Palinuro which has an unclear origin but may somehow relate to subduction as well. A 2017 proposal relates the volcanism of Palinuro and neighbouring seamounts except Marsili to the upwelling of
2406:
584:
coast. Seismicity at low depths, perhaps linked to hydrothermal activity, has also been recorded. Microearthquakes between 10â16 km (6.2â9.9 mi) depth may mark a melt storage zone.
505:
and calcareous worm tubes have been dredged from
Palinuro. When it was an emergent island during cold periods, Palinuro may have formed a stepping stone for plants. It still reaches into the
2365:
2364:
Ligi, Marco; Cocchi, Luca; Bortoluzzi, Giovanni; DâOriano, Filippo; Muccini, Filippo; Caratori
Tontini, Fabio; de Ronde, Cornel E. J.; Carmisciano, Cosmo (1 December 2014).
366:
northern domain of Italy from a slowly uplifting southern domain. A second, northeastward trending lineament continues on land as the Palinuro-Sant' Arcangelo lineament.
2448:
Passaro, Salvatore; Milano, Girolamo; D'Isanto, Claudio; Ruggieri, Stefano; Tonielli, Renato; Bruno, Pier Paolo; Sprovieri, Mario; Marsella, Ennio (15 February 2010).
1781:"New records of scleractinian cold-water coral (CWC) assemblages in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea (western Mediterranean Sea): Human impacts and conservation prospects"
1779:
Angiolillo, Michela; La Mesa, Gabriele; Giusti, Michela; Salvati, Eva; Di Lorenzo, Bianca; Rossi, Lorenzo; Canese, Simonepietro; Tunesi, Leonardo (1 September 2021).
2770:
250:
29 km (18 mi) east of Palinuro. The Palinuro seamount is one of the largest in the Tyrrhenian Sea and is also known as Palinuro-Strabo seamount.
2323:
Ladenberger, Anna; Demetriades, Alecos; Reimann, Clemens; Birke, Manfred; Sadeghi, Martiya; UhlbÀck, Jo; Andersson, Madelen; Jonsson, Erik (1 July 2015).
2275:
2793:
2788:
2555:
331:
behind the eastward-shifting Ionian subduction, and is a complex geodynamic system. It features several volcanoes, including the Aeolian Islands
2088:
Gallotti, G.; Passaro, S.; Armigliato, A.; Zaniboni, F.; Pagnoni, G.; Wang, L.; Sacchi, M.; Tinti, S.; Ligi, M.; Ventura, G. (15 October 2020).
2583:"Review of recent trends in ecological studies of deep-sea meiofauna, with focus on patterns and processes at small to regional spatial scales"
2754:
701:
are potential sources for metals, both base and precious, and have thus drawn scientific attention. Other reported minerals at Palinuro are
65:
2405:
Marani, MP; Gamberi, F (2004). "Distribuzione e natura della morfologia del vulcanismo sottomarino nel Mar Tirreno: l'arco e retro-arco".
2427:
Milano, G.; Passaro, S.; Sprovieri, M. (December 2012). "Present-day knowledge on the Palinuro Seamount (south-eastern Tyrrhenian Sea)".
1822:"Rapid 3-D forward model of potential fields with application to the Palinuro Seamount magnetic anomaly (southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy)"
2366:"Mapping of Seafloor Hydrothermally Altered Rocks Using Geophysical Methods: Marsili and Palinuro Seamounts, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea"
698:
207:
2561:(Report). Berichte aus dem Leibniz-Institut fĂŒr Meereswissenschaften an der Christian-Albrechts-UniversitĂ€t zu Kiel. Vol. 30.
127:
2803:
2491:"Quaternary still-stand landforms and relations with flank instability events of the Palinuro Bank (southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea)"
607:
volcano, which killed 437 people. Palinuro seamount shows evidence of past instability - including collapses that post-date the
629:. The active hydrothermal vents are accompanied by chemical anomalies in the water column, and ships have reported a smell of
2206:
Innangi, Sara; Passaro, Salvatore; Tonielli, Renato; Milano, Girolamo; Ventura, Guido; Tamburrino, Stella (19 October 2016).
2090:"Potential mass movements on the Palinuro volcanic chain (southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) and consequent tsunami generation"
2450:"DTM-based morphometry of the Palinuro seamount (Eastern Tyrrhenian Sea): Geomorphological and volcanological implications"
120:
2004:
Fanelli, Emanuela; Delbono, Ivana; Ivaldi, Roberta; Pratellesi, Marta; Cocito, Silvia; Peirano, Andrea (October 2017).
2818:
2808:
2798:
2630:
Safipour, Roxana; Hölz, Sebastian; Halbach, Jesse; Jegen, Marion; Petersen, Sven; Swidinsky, Andrei (6 October 2017).
2556:
FS METEOR Fahrtbericht / Cruise Report M73/2 Shallow drilling of hydrothermal sites in the Tyrrhenian Sea (PALINDRILL)
2813:
2006:"Cold-water coral Madrepora oculata in the eastern Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean): Historical and recent findings"
549:
analysis indicates that fresh lavas occur in the eastern half of Palinuro while the western half shows evidence of
2325:"GEMAS: Indium in agricultural and grazing land soil of Europe â Its source and geochemical distribution patterns"
600:
525:
2676:"Tephrostratigraphy study for the last 18,000 14C years in a deep-sea sediment sequence for the South Adriatic"
2489:
Passaro, Salvatore; Milano, Girolamo; Sprovieri, Mario; Ruggieri, Stefano; Marsella, Ennio (15 February 2011).
2154:
2208:"Seafloor mapping using high-resolution multibeam backscatter: The Palinuro Seamount (Eastern Tyrrhenian Sea)"
2159:
1923:
528:
have not identified substantial hydrothermal vent-associated communities. Italy has declared Palinuro a
443:
2250:
323:(Calabrian subduction) and the eastward migration of this subduction. The southern Tyrrhenian Sea is a
2675:
2534:
Drilling of Submarine Shallow-water Hydrothermal Systems in Volcanic Arcs of the Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy
2490:
2449:
2324:
1780:
346:
below the northern margin of the Calabrian subduction zone, and from underneath the descending Ionian
2687:
2646:
2594:
2542:
2502:
2461:
2377:
2336:
2287:
2219:
2101:
2050:
2017:
1976:
1935:
1876:
1833:
1792:
608:
277:
and has been modified by erosion and renewed volcanism at its rim. To its west is another potential,
247:
358:
353:
The seamount may be located at the margin between the oceanic Marsili basin to the south, and the
2764:
2632:"A self-potential investigation of submarine massive sulfides: Palinuro Seamount, Tyrrhenian Sea"
2618:
2532:
2311:
2237:
2137:
2076:
685:
1964:
689:
2750:
2703:
2662:
2610:
2582:
2562:
2518:
2477:
2415:
2393:
2352:
2303:
2129:
2068:
1992:
1951:
1910:
1892:
1863:
Cocchi, Luca; Passaro, Salvatore; Tontini, Fabio Caratori; Ventura, Guido (13 November 2017).
1851:
1808:
681:
592:
379:
362:
354:
328:
2742:
2695:
2674:
Siani, Giuseppe; Sulpizio, Roberto; Paterne, Martine; Sbrana, Alessandro (1 December 2004).
2654:
2631:
2602:
2510:
2469:
2436:
2385:
2344:
2295:
2262:
2227:
2192:
2184:
2119:
2109:
2058:
2025:
1984:
1943:
1900:
1884:
1841:
1800:
630:
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and on land in Italy, has been interpreted to come from Palinuro. It has been dated to 8040
471:
451:
419:
407:
343:
243:
223:
2005:
2716:
454:
live there as well. Lower on the slopes algae become rarer and sponges more frequent, and
336:
335:
generated by the Ionian subduction, the Marsili Seamount that appears to have formed on a
274:
259:
235:
172:
171:. It is an elongated 50â70 km (31â43 mi) long complex of volcanoes north of the
1965:"Hydrothermal manganese crusts from Enarete and Palinuro seamounts in the Tyrrhenian Sea"
470:
complete the fauna of Palinuro. There are traces of human disturbances such as abandoned
2691:
2650:
2598:
2546:
2506:
2465:
2381:
2340:
2291:
2223:
2105:
2054:
2021:
1980:
1939:
1880:
1837:
1796:
1924:"The Palinuro volcano and magmatism of the southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea (Mediterranean)"
1905:
1864:
529:
411:
347:
340:
324:
308:
292:
239:
215:
168:
113:
85:
1922:
Colantoni, P.; Lucchini, F.; Rossi, P. L.; Sartori, R.; Savelli, C. (1 January 1981).
2782:
2581:
Rosli, Norliana; Leduc, Daniel; Rowden, Ashley A.; Probert, P. Keith (1 March 2018).
2315:
2241:
2141:
2114:
2089:
2080:
1947:
751:
604:
561:
517:
435:
383:
312:
304:
2699:
2622:
2473:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
976:
974:
922:
920:
702:
665:
621:
588:
557:
550:
332:
255:
203:
2232:
2207:
961:
959:
876:
874:
872:
870:
568:, and may have been emitted from an emergent Palinuro when sea levels were lower.
2514:
2348:
1804:
1460:
1458:
907:
905:
903:
901:
2276:"Manganese and iron micronodules from a volcanic seamount in the Tyrrhenian Sea"
763:
533:
506:
455:
415:
391:
258:
along the seamount, especially on its southern flank, and of east-west trending
17:
2746:
2389:
2149:
2063:
2038:
1888:
2736:
2606:
1988:
709:
649:
577:
427:
387:
320:
316:
206:
activity takes place on Palinuro Seamount, which has led to the deposition of
196:
192:
184:
53:
Aeolian arc, including coastline and depth contour lines for every 500 meters.
2707:
2666:
2614:
2566:
2522:
2481:
2419:
2397:
2356:
2307:
2299:
2133:
2072:
1996:
1955:
1896:
1855:
1812:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1047:
1045:
142:
129:
1132:
1130:
759:
743:
739:
735:
677:
669:
521:
498:
2658:
1914:
1865:"Volcanism in slab tear faults is larger than in island-arcs and back-arcs"
821:
819:
2408:
From Seafloor to Deep Mantle: Architecture of the Tyrrhenian Backarc Basin
2266:
2251:"Seamounts-characteristics, formation, mineral deposits and biodiversity"
1846:
1821:
713:
693:
673:
661:
626:
581:
546:
494:
486:
447:
431:
423:
395:
164:
30:
2124:
1613:
1611:
1535:
1533:
1032:
1030:
1005:
1003:
1001:
48:
2197:
2188:
2037:
Fuchs, Sebastian; Hannington, Mark D.; Petersen, Sven (1 August 2019).
747:
706:
657:
653:
596:
482:
459:
266:
265:
At least eight separate volcanoes make up Palinuro. A horseshoe shaped
188:
176:
1963:
Eckhardt, J.-D.; Glasby, G. P.; Puchelt, H.; Berner, Z. (April 1997).
1820:
Caratori Tontini, F.; Cocchi, L.; Carmisciano, C. (13 February 2009).
1319:
516:
Small hydrothermal deposits with the shape of chimneys are covered by
2717:"Paragenesis of complex massive sulfide ores from the Tyrrhenian Sea"
2440:
2029:
767:
755:
725:
721:
645:
641:
637:
576:
Palinuro or its southeastern sector may still be active, as volcanic
502:
475:
439:
375:
180:
1365:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
1725:
490:
467:
2738:
Atlas of the Mediterranean Seamounts and Seamount-like Structures
1524:
1512:
1500:
1488:
1464:
1449:
1413:
1401:
1172:
1121:
1075:
980:
965:
938:
926:
911:
880:
837:
2735:
WĂŒrtz, Maurizio (2015). Rovere, Marzia; WĂŒrtz, Maurizio (eds.).
2039:"Divining gold in seafloor polymetallic massive sulfide systems"
1098:
1096:
731:
717:
510:
478:
463:
219:
2249:
Iyer, S. D.; Mehta, C. M.; Das, P.; Kalangutkar, N. G. (2012).
246:
lies about 30 km (19 mi) southwest from Palinuro and
1389:
1256:
1208:
1087:
565:
211:
1244:
414:
grow on Palinuro, the latter particularly around the summit.
1602:
1590:
1348:
1232:
1136:
1051:
1021:
992:
892:
825:
2724:
Mitteilungen der Ăsterreichischen Geologischen Gesellschaft
1761:
1749:
1737:
1641:
1476:
1295:
1267:
1265:
1196:
1184:
1160:
636:
Hydrothermal activity is responsible for the deposition of
315:, leading to tectonic activity in the region including the
1437:
1689:
1539:
282:
region: Two flat-topped cones known as "Pjotr's cones",
191:
hazard. The volcanic activity may somehow relate to the
1713:
1701:
1550:
1548:
1283:
770:. The iron-manganese crusts have commercial potential.
269:
is located in the western part of the seamount, and is
2010:
Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems
1617:
1578:
1220:
1148:
1063:
1036:
1009:
861:
785:
783:
595:
and volcanoes next to the seas can cause devastating
273:
8 km (5.0 mi) wide. It may be related to a
2554:Petersen, Sven; Monecke, Thomas, eds. (June 2009).
214:for rare metals. Italy has declared the seamount a
119:
109:
104:
96:
41:
587:Volcanic edifices are often unstable and prone to
2537:. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007.
327:which began to form 11 million years ago through
1629:
1566:
1414:Caratori Tontini, Cocchi & Carmisciano 2009
1102:
1076:Caratori Tontini, Cocchi & Carmisciano 2009
966:Caratori Tontini, Cocchi & Carmisciano 2009
912:Caratori Tontini, Cocchi & Carmisciano 2009
2274:Kidd, R. B.; Ărmannson, H. (1 February 1979).
2094:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
1307:
950:
8:
2429:Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata
660:deposits. Additional minerals reported are
580:has been detected between Palinuro and the
2769:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
47:
38:
2231:
2196:
2123:
2113:
2062:
1904:
1845:
560:layer, which has been detected in marine
474:and coral colonies damaged by dredging.
1969:Marine Georesources & Geotechnology
779:
187:occurs at the seamount, which may be a
36:Submarine volcano in the Tyrrhenian Sea
2762:
1714:Fuchs, Hannington & Petersen 2019
1677:
1665:
1653:
1554:
1377:
1331:
1271:
849:
789:
361:to the north. The east-west trending
7:
2541:. Vol. 2007. pp. V34Bâ01.
1618:Milano, Passaro & Sprovieri 2012
1579:Milano, Passaro & Sprovieri 2012
1221:Milano, Passaro & Sprovieri 2012
1149:Milano, Passaro & Sprovieri 2012
1064:Milano, Passaro & Sprovieri 2012
1037:Milano, Passaro & Sprovieri 2012
1010:Milano, Passaro & Sprovieri 2012
862:Milano, Passaro & Sprovieri 2012
633:above the eastern part of Palinuro.
1425:
810:
509:of the sea, allowing the growth of
29:For the mainland coastal town, see
2329:Journal of Geochemical Exploration
616:Hydrothermal activity and deposits
210:that could be used as a source of
25:
2280:Journal of the Geological Society
699:seafloor massive sulfide deposits
2115:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.107025
208:sulfide deposits in the seafloor
72:
71:
64:
2794:Landforms of the Tyrrhenian Sea
2700:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.06.004
1826:Journal of Geophysical Research
286:800 m (2,600 ft) and
2789:Seamounts of the Mediterranean
2474:10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.09.041
1:
2233:10.1080/17445647.2015.1071719
357:and sedimentary basin of the
287:
283:
278:
270:
2515:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.08.006
2349:10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.11.020
1948:10.1016/0025-3227(81)90020-7
1805:10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102656
458:dominate at maximum depths.
254:slopes. There are traces of
1630:Petersen & Monecke 2009
1567:Petersen & Monecke 2009
1103:Petersen & Monecke 2009
572:Recent activity and hazards
234:Palinuro lies north of the
230:Geography and geomorphology
2835:
2747:10.2305/IUCN.CH.2015.07.en
2680:Quaternary Science Reviews
2539:AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts
2390:10.2113/econgeo.109.8.2103
2064:10.1007/s00126-019-00895-3
1889:10.1038/s41467-017-01626-w
526:remotely operated vehicles
406:Dense and large stands of
311:are converging across the
28:
2607:10.1007/s12526-017-0801-5
1989:10.1080/10641199709379943
1308:Kidd & Ărmannson 1979
951:Marani & Gamberi 2004
697:hydrothermal vents. Such
601:2018 Sunda Strait tsunami
58:
46:
2495:Quaternary International
2300:10.1144/gsjgs.136.1.0071
2155:Global Volcanism Program
1785:Progress in Oceanography
603:caused by a collapse of
532:as part of the European
520:and there are bushes of
183:layer in Italy. Ongoing
175:with multiple potential
2804:Former islands of Italy
2160:Smithsonian Institution
1726:Ladenberger et al. 2015
100:70 m (230 ft)
2715:Tufar, Werner (1991).
2659:10.1190/geo2017-0237.1
1390:Angiolillo et al. 2021
813:, General Information.
444:tube-dwelling anemones
2267:10.1344/105.000001758
1869:Nature Communications
1245:Colantoni et al. 1981
374:Dredging has yielded
143:39.48444°N 14.82889°E
2686:(23â24): 2485â2500.
1847:10.1029/2008JB005907
1762:Eckhardt et al. 1997
1752:, pp. 179, 181.
1750:Eckhardt et al. 1997
1738:Eckhardt et al. 1997
1690:Safipour et al. 2017
1642:Eckhardt et al. 1997
1540:Safipour et al. 2017
1525:Gallotti et al. 2020
1513:Gallotti et al. 2020
1501:Gallotti et al. 2020
1489:Gallotti et al. 2020
1465:Gallotti et al. 2020
1366:Petersen et al. 2007
1296:Eckhardt et al. 1997
1173:Gallotti et al. 2020
609:last glacial maximum
2692:2004QSRv...23.2485S
2651:2017Geop...82A..51S
2599:2018MarBd..48...13R
2587:Marine Biodiversity
2547:2007AGUFM.V34B..01P
2507:2011QuInt.232..228P
2466:2010Geomo.115..129P
2382:2014EcGeo.109.2103L
2341:2015JCExp.154...61L
2292:1979JGSoc.136...71K
2224:2016JMaps..12..736I
2106:2020JVGR..40407025G
2055:2019MinDe..54..789F
2043:Mineralium Deposita
2022:2017ACMFE..27..965F
1981:1997MGG....15..175E
1940:1981MGeol..39M...1C
1881:2017NatCo...8.1451C
1838:2009JGRB..114.2103C
1797:2021PrOce.19702656A
1452:, pp. 130â131.
1450:Passaro et al. 2010
1428:, Eruption History.
1402:Passaro et al. 2010
1320:Hilpold et al. 2011
1274:, pp. 156â157.
1257:Fanelli et al. 2017
1233:Innangi et al. 2016
1209:Passaro et al. 2011
1122:Passaro et al. 2010
1088:Passaro et al. 2011
1022:Innangi et al. 2016
981:Passaro et al. 2010
939:Passaro et al. 2010
927:Passaro et al. 2010
893:Innangi et al. 2016
881:Passaro et al. 2010
838:Passaro et al. 2010
593:submarine volcanoes
139: /
2819:Submarine calderas
2809:Volcanoes of Italy
2799:Holocene volcanoes
2189:10.1002/tax.602019
1477:Cocchi et al. 2017
1197:Cocchi et al. 2017
1185:Cocchi et al. 2017
1161:Cocchi et al. 2017
148:39.48444; 14.82889
2814:Calderas of Italy
2756:978-2-8317-1750-0
1438:Siani et al. 2004
1284:Rosli et al. 2018
652:, in the form of
452:yellow gorgonians
420:melon sea urchins
408:deep water corals
382:, which define a
380:basaltic andesite
363:strike-slip fault
355:continental slope
329:crustal extension
224:deep water corals
161:Palinuro Seamount
158:
157:
16:(Redirected from
2826:
2774:
2768:
2760:
2731:
2721:
2711:
2670:
2636:
2626:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2560:
2550:
2526:
2485:
2444:
2441:10.4430/bgta0042
2423:
2414:. Vol. 64.
2413:
2401:
2376:(8): 2103â2117.
2370:Economic Geology
2360:
2319:
2270:
2245:
2235:
2202:
2200:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2145:
2127:
2117:
2084:
2066:
2033:
2030:10.1002/aqc.2751
2000:
1959:
1918:
1908:
1859:
1849:
1816:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1702:Iyer et al. 2012
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1606:
1603:Ligi et al. 2014
1600:
1594:
1591:Ligi et al. 2014
1588:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1543:
1537:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1352:
1349:Ligi et al. 2014
1346:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1137:Ligi et al. 2014
1134:
1125:
1119:
1106:
1100:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1052:Ligi et al. 2014
1049:
1040:
1034:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
996:
993:Ligi et al. 2014
990:
984:
978:
969:
963:
954:
948:
942:
936:
930:
924:
915:
909:
896:
890:
884:
878:
865:
859:
853:
847:
841:
835:
829:
826:Ligi et al. 2014
823:
814:
808:
793:
787:
631:hydrogen sulfide
540:Eruption history
289:
285:
280:
272:
244:Marsili Seamount
154:
153:
151:
150:
149:
144:
140:
137:
136:
135:
132:
75:
74:
68:
51:
39:
21:
18:Volcano Palinuro
2834:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2761:
2757:
2734:
2719:
2714:
2673:
2634:
2629:
2580:
2571:
2569:
2558:
2553:
2529:
2488:
2447:
2426:
2411:
2404:
2363:
2322:
2273:
2248:
2212:Journal of Maps
2205:
2173:
2164:
2162:
2148:
2087:
2036:
2003:
1962:
1921:
1862:
1819:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1708:
1700:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1652:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1628:
1624:
1616:
1609:
1601:
1597:
1589:
1585:
1577:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1553:
1546:
1538:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1511:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1487:
1483:
1475:
1471:
1463:
1456:
1448:
1444:
1440:, p. 2496.
1436:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1412:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1364:
1355:
1347:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1143:
1135:
1128:
1120:
1109:
1101:
1094:
1086:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1043:
1035:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1008:
999:
991:
987:
979:
972:
964:
957:
949:
945:
937:
933:
925:
918:
910:
899:
891:
887:
879:
868:
860:
856:
848:
844:
836:
832:
824:
817:
809:
796:
788:
781:
776:
618:
574:
542:
412:coralline algae
404:
372:
337:spreading ridge
301:
293:marine terraces
275:sector collapse
248:Glabro Seamount
236:Aeolian Islands
232:
199:farther east.
173:Aeolian Islands
147:
145:
141:
138:
133:
130:
128:
126:
125:
92:
91:
90:
89:
88:
83:
82:
81:
80:
76:
54:
37:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2832:
2830:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2755:
2732:
2712:
2671:
2645:(6): A51âA56.
2627:
2578:
2551:
2527:
2501:(1): 228â237.
2486:
2460:(1): 129â140.
2445:
2435:(4): 403â416.
2424:
2402:
2361:
2320:
2271:
2261:(3): 295â309.
2255:Geologica Acta
2246:
2218:(5): 736â746.
2203:
2183:(2): 528â538.
2171:
2146:
2085:
2049:(6): 789â820.
2034:
2016:(5): 965â975.
2001:
1975:(2): 175â208.
1960:
1928:Marine Geology
1919:
1860:
1832:(B2): B02103.
1817:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1764:, p. 186.
1754:
1742:
1740:, p. 195.
1730:
1718:
1716:, p. 796.
1706:
1704:, p. 301.
1694:
1682:
1680:, p. 290.
1670:
1668:, p. 282.
1658:
1656:, p. 267.
1646:
1644:, p. 181.
1634:
1622:
1620:, p. 410.
1607:
1595:
1583:
1581:, p. 409.
1571:
1559:
1557:, p. 156.
1544:
1529:
1517:
1505:
1493:
1481:
1469:
1454:
1442:
1430:
1418:
1406:
1404:, p. 137.
1394:
1382:
1380:, p. 157.
1370:
1353:
1336:
1324:
1322:, p. 535.
1312:
1300:
1298:, p. 184.
1288:
1276:
1261:
1259:, p. 966.
1249:
1237:
1235:, p. 737.
1225:
1223:, p. 413.
1213:
1211:, p. 236.
1201:
1189:
1177:
1165:
1153:
1151:, p. 403.
1141:
1126:
1124:, p. 130.
1107:
1092:
1090:, p. 231.
1080:
1068:
1066:, p. 408.
1056:
1041:
1039:, p. 406.
1026:
1024:, p. 738.
1014:
1012:, p. 412.
997:
985:
983:, p. 132.
970:
955:
953:, p. 115.
943:
941:, p. 139.
931:
929:, p. 133.
916:
897:
895:, p. 736.
885:
883:, p. 131.
866:
864:, p. 404.
854:
852:, p. 143.
842:
840:, p. 135.
830:
815:
794:
792:, p. 113.
778:
777:
775:
772:
716:and traces of
617:
614:
573:
570:
562:sediment cores
541:
538:
530:protected area
518:microbial mats
436:spiny lobsters
403:
400:
371:
368:
341:asthenospheric
325:back-arc basin
309:Eurasian Plate
300:
297:
240:Tyrrhenian Sea
231:
228:
216:protected area
169:Tyrrhenian Sea
156:
155:
123:
117:
116:
114:Tyrrhenian Sea
111:
107:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
86:Tyrrhenian Sea
84:
78:
77:
70:
69:
63:
62:
61:
60:
59:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
35:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2831:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2772:
2766:
2758:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2454:Geomorphology
2451:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2409:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1934:(1): M1âM12.
1933:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1763:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1731:
1728:, p. 63.
1727:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1635:
1632:, p. 26.
1631:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1605:, p. 21.
1604:
1599:
1596:
1593:, p. 20.
1592:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1515:, p. 11.
1514:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1416:, p. 15.
1415:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1395:
1392:, p. 17.
1391:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1351:, p. 19.
1350:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1334:, p. 14.
1333:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1310:, p. 72.
1309:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1289:
1286:, p. 20.
1285:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1250:
1247:, p. M6.
1246:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1105:, p. 12.
1104:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1081:
1078:, p. 14.
1077:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1054:, p. 15.
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1004:
1002:
998:
995:, p. 14.
994:
989:
986:
982:
977:
975:
971:
968:, p. 12.
967:
962:
960:
956:
952:
947:
944:
940:
935:
932:
928:
923:
921:
917:
914:, p. 11.
913:
908:
906:
904:
902:
898:
894:
889:
886:
882:
877:
875:
873:
871:
867:
863:
858:
855:
851:
846:
843:
839:
834:
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
812:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
795:
791:
786:
784:
780:
773:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
752:clinopyroxene
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
708:
704:
700:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
634:
632:
628:
623:
615:
613:
610:
606:
605:Anak Krakatau
602:
598:
594:
590:
589:mass failures
585:
583:
579:
571:
569:
567:
563:
559:
554:
552:
548:
539:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
401:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
384:calc-alkaline
381:
377:
369:
367:
364:
360:
356:
351:
349:
345:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
313:Mediterranean
310:
306:
305:African Plate
298:
296:
294:
276:
268:
263:
261:
257:
256:mass failures
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
229:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
152:
124:
122:
118:
115:
112:
108:
103:
99:
95:
87:
67:
57:
50:
45:
40:
32:
27:
19:
2737:
2727:
2723:
2683:
2679:
2642:
2638:
2593:(1): 13â34.
2590:
2586:
2570:. Retrieved
2538:
2533:
2498:
2494:
2457:
2453:
2432:
2428:
2407:
2373:
2369:
2332:
2328:
2286:(1): 71â76.
2283:
2279:
2258:
2254:
2215:
2211:
2180:
2176:
2163:. Retrieved
2153:
2125:11585/785039
2097:
2093:
2046:
2042:
2013:
2009:
1972:
1968:
1931:
1927:
1872:
1868:
1829:
1825:
1788:
1784:
1757:
1745:
1733:
1721:
1709:
1697:
1692:, p. 2.
1685:
1673:
1661:
1649:
1637:
1625:
1598:
1586:
1574:
1569:, p. 6.
1562:
1542:, p. 4.
1527:, p. 8.
1520:
1508:
1503:, p. 5.
1496:
1491:, p. 1.
1484:
1479:, p. 8.
1472:
1467:, p. 2.
1445:
1433:
1421:
1409:
1397:
1385:
1373:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1279:
1252:
1240:
1228:
1216:
1204:
1199:, p. 3.
1192:
1187:, p. 2.
1180:
1175:, p. 3.
1168:
1163:, p. 9.
1156:
1144:
1139:, p. 5.
1083:
1071:
1059:
1017:
988:
946:
934:
888:
857:
845:
833:
828:, p. 8.
730:
703:bismuthinite
666:chalcopyrite
635:
622:hydrothermal
619:
586:
575:
558:volcanic ash
555:
553:alteration.
551:hydrothermal
543:
515:
456:black corals
416:Holothurians
405:
386:rock suite.
373:
359:Salerno Gulf
352:
333:volcanic arc
302:
264:
252:
233:
204:hydrothermal
201:
160:
159:
97:Summit depth
26:
2198:10261/50084
1875:(1): 1451.
764:plagioclase
686:melnikovite
534:Natura 2000
524:. However,
507:photic zone
392:plagioclase
388:Phenocrysts
370:Composition
146: /
121:Coordinates
2783:Categories
2730:: 265â300.
2639:Geophysics
2150:"Palinuro"
2100:: 107025.
1791:: 102656.
1678:Tufar 1991
1666:Tufar 1991
1654:Tufar 1991
1555:WĂŒrtz 2015
1378:WĂŒrtz 2015
1332:WĂŒrtz 2015
1272:WĂŒrtz 2015
850:WĂŒrtz 2015
790:WĂŒrtz 2015
774:References
710:tellurides
650:sphalerite
578:seismicity
522:tube worms
499:gastropods
472:long-lines
321:Ionian Sea
317:subduction
197:Ionian Sea
193:subduction
185:seismicity
134:14°49âČ44âłE
131:39°29âČ04âłN
2765:cite book
2741:. Gland.
2708:0277-3791
2667:0016-8033
2615:1867-1624
2567:1614-6298
2523:1040-6182
2482:0169-555X
2420:0536-0242
2398:0361-0128
2357:0375-6742
2335:: 61â80.
2316:128762375
2308:0016-7649
2242:131436997
2142:225373895
2134:0377-0273
2081:198420762
2073:1432-1866
1997:1064-119X
1956:0025-3227
1897:2041-1723
1856:0148-0227
1813:0079-6611
760:muscovite
744:aragonite
740:manganate
736:manganese
690:tennanite
678:marcasite
670:covellite
599:like the
582:Calabrian
556:The PL-1
536:project.
495:echinoids
487:bryozoans
448:tunicates
428:sabellids
424:nematodes
238:, in the
2572:11 April
1915:29129913
1426:GVP 2022
811:GVP 2022
714:stibnite
694:wurtzite
682:luzonite
674:enargite
662:bravoite
627:Holocene
620:Diffuse
597:tsunamis
547:Magnetic
483:bivalves
460:Dolphins
432:serpulid
396:pyroxene
390:include
260:faulting
218:, where
202:Diffuse
177:calderas
165:seamount
110:Location
105:Location
79:Palinuro
42:Palinuro
31:Palinuro
2688:Bibcode
2647:Bibcode
2623:4351098
2595:Bibcode
2543:Bibcode
2503:Bibcode
2462:Bibcode
2378:Bibcode
2337:Bibcode
2288:Bibcode
2220:Bibcode
2165:9 April
2102:Bibcode
2051:Bibcode
2018:Bibcode
1977:Bibcode
1936:Bibcode
1906:5682279
1877:Bibcode
1834:Bibcode
1793:Bibcode
1772:Sources
748:calcite
707:bismuth
658:sulfate
654:sulfide
503:mussels
440:sponges
434:worms,
402:Biology
319:of the
299:Geology
267:caldera
226:occur.
195:of the
189:tsunami
167:in the
2753:
2706:
2665:
2621:
2613:
2565:
2521:
2480:
2418:
2396:
2355:
2314:
2306:
2240:
2140:
2132:
2079:
2071:
1995:
1954:
1913:
1903:
1895:
1854:
1811:
768:quartz
756:illite
726:silver
722:indium
646:pyrite
642:galena
638:baryte
591:, and
491:corals
476:Fossil
468:sharks
376:basalt
344:mantle
181:tephra
2720:(PDF)
2635:(PDF)
2619:S2CID
2559:(PDF)
2412:(PDF)
2312:S2CID
2238:S2CID
2177:Taxon
2138:S2CID
2077:S2CID
742:plus
511:algae
479:algae
220:algae
163:is a
2771:link
2751:ISBN
2704:ISSN
2663:ISSN
2611:ISSN
2574:2022
2563:ISSN
2519:ISSN
2478:ISSN
2416:ISSN
2394:ISSN
2353:ISSN
2304:ISSN
2167:2022
2130:ISSN
2069:ISSN
1993:ISSN
1952:ISSN
1911:PMID
1893:ISSN
1852:ISSN
1809:ISSN
766:and
734:and
732:Iron
724:and
718:gold
648:and
466:and
464:fish
450:and
410:and
394:and
378:and
348:slab
307:and
303:The
222:and
212:ores
2743:doi
2696:doi
2655:doi
2603:doi
2511:doi
2499:232
2470:doi
2458:115
2437:doi
2386:doi
2374:109
2345:doi
2333:154
2296:doi
2284:136
2263:doi
2228:doi
2193:hdl
2185:doi
2120:hdl
2110:doi
2098:404
2059:doi
2026:doi
1985:doi
1944:doi
1901:PMC
1885:doi
1842:doi
1830:114
1801:doi
1789:197
566:BCE
262:.
2785::
2767:}}
2763:{{
2749:.
2728:84
2726:.
2722:.
2702:.
2694:.
2684:23
2682:.
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2661:.
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