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aimed at disproving racist explanations for social difference. He believed that scholars must take responsibility "not only for their own thoughts and actions but also for their own society" because the values that are expressed in scientific work, whether subtly or overtly, are key in the shaping of culture and society. He was one of the first anthropologist to undertake a demographic analysis that illustrated the consequences of segregation and racism on the
African-American population, and he wanted to create the resources so he would not be the last. One of Cobb's greatest contributions to this end is the expansive skeletal collection he curated during his time at Howard University which is now housed at the university's
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to the supposed existence of extra musculature or differences in nerve thicknesses that allowed
African-American athletes to excel relative to European Americans. Cobb addressed this question by surveying the anatomical characteristics of Owens as well as other prominent African Americans in different sports. Cobb demonstrated that not only could their successes not be explained by a shared racial trait, the physiology that would make a superior athlete in one sport would be very different from another. Instead, Cobb accounted for the achievements of African-American athletes relative to European Americans in sports as due to "training and incentive" rather than any "special physical endowment".
524:, a key human trait which has nonetheless resulted in a host of health conditions due to our lineage's adaptations for quadrupedal locomotion. Cobb argued that man the wise is up against the ancient evolutionary tradition of man as a "bloody, predatory primate" and that this history of violence and hatred will thus be difficult to overcome. Cobb's final presented publication in 1988, "Human Variation: Informing the Public," applied his
457:, of which he served as editor from 1944 to his death in 1990. He also served as the organization's president from 1964 to 1965. In addition to his involvement in both African-American and European American-led professional organizations and journals, Cobb was active in community outreach through work on race and health published in popular African-American magazines such as
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The tipping point for Cobb's initial interest in anthropology came from a book of the animal kingdom that his grandfather owned. In this book, there were illustrations of human beings separated by race, but were illustrated with what Cobb called "equal dignity." This led to an interest in the concept
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more closely to the rapid cultural change of the late 20th century. Cobb saw this period of rapid development as both a key opportunity for continued progress against racism and other forms of inequality and a potential for such issues to become more firmly embedded within the system of the society:
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During the latter years of his career, Cobb took a more philosophical approach to his anatomical perspective of humanity. He often used biological metaphors to point to key issues within society. Cobb's most prominent philosophical contribution was arguably his 1975 publication, "An anatomist's view
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as a fellow, where he continued work on the Hamman-Todd
Collection with a focus on cranial suture closure. His 1940 publication "Cranio-Facial Union in Man" produced as a result of this work established his expertise as a functional anatomist and is one of his most widely cited works to date. During
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was dedicated to the advancement of
African-American researchers and he was heavily involved in civil rights activism. Cobb wrote prolifically and contributed both popular and scholarly articles during the course of his career. His work has been noted as a significant contribution to the development
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to dispel the idea that his success as a quadruple gold medal winner could be explained by his " African-American genes," an argument that stemmed from the idea that Black people were stronger and more athletic than whites at the cost of decreased intelligence. Proponents of this idea often pointed
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Cobb distinguished himself by representing the pursuit of social responsibility in the field of anthropology, as well as by being an activist scholar who often applied anthropological methods to issues of racism and inequality. He undertook studies within the scope of his expertise in anatomy that
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Cobb often used his expertise in anatomy and biology in order to combat racist explanations for perceived differences between
African Americans and European Americans. One of the most widely cited studies in this effort was Cobb's "Race and Runners," published in 1936. In this work, Cobb took the
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from 1949 until his death and president from 1976 to 1982. Cobb played a key role in efforts to expand access to medical care through his active leadership in the
National Medical Association, and this activism led to his testimony to congress during the hearings leading up to the passage of
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Throughout his career, Cobb applied his technical expertise in functional anatomy and medicine to a variety of topics, including the issues of
African-American health, child development, and disproving scientific justifications for racism. His approach has been characterized as a form of
281:, a highly esteemed Washington, DC. African-American high school in 1917. He was a successful student and athlete, and went on to win championships in cross-country as well as lightweight and welterweight boxing during his high school and collegiate years. He married Hilda B. Smith,
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and served as its president from 1976 to 1982. He created the
Imhotep Conferences on Hospital Integration in 1957 as a part of the NAACP, an annual conference seeking to end hospital and medical school segregation that continued until 1964. He was an active member of the
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and activist scholarship. His work explicitly critiqued hierarchical understandings of human variation, and he often subverted racist evolutionary arguments through highlighting the resiliency of
African Americans. He took as an example the experience of the
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of human relations. Homo sanguinis versus Homo sapiens--mankind's present dilemma". This work focused primarily on the fundamental conflict in human nature he described as being between the civilized people suggested by our binomial designation
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since its second meeting in 1930 and served on its board on multiple occasions, both as its vice president (1948β50 and 1954β56) and president (1957β59). He also held leadership roles with the
Anthropological Society of Washington, the
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of Howard University at the time, was assigned the task of organizing a new faculty of African-American physicians to help advance the school in the medical field. Cobb, in turn had the aspirations of creating a laboratory of
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Throughout his lifetime Cobb pursued work aimed at furthering the opportunities of African Americans both within society in general and within the health sciences. He was an active member of the
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Cobb was long involved in African descendants' struggle for freedom, justice, and equality. He assumed a number of roles in African-American-led organizations, including the
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742:"Dr. W. Montague Cobb: anatomist, physician, physical anthropologist, editor emeritus of the Journal of the National Medical Association, and first black president of NAACP"
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at Case Western Reserve University. Cobb's dissertation work was an expansive survey of the Hamann-Todd Skeletal Collection, a large skeletal population now housed at the
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Medical School. He worked jobs throughout his time in medical school. Cobb then accepted a position at Howard University which he was offered prior to his graduation.
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during the first half of the 20th century. Cobb was also an accomplished educator and taught over 5000 students in the social and health sciences during his lifetime.
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which he argued acted as a selective pressure and would have led to a genetically stronger population relative to European Americans who did not experience this
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in 1925. Following completion of his baccalaureate degree, he received a Blodgett Scholarship for proficiency in biology which allowed him to pursue research in
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highest award, the Henry Gray Award, which he received for his outstanding contributions in the field in 1980. He was also the recipient of the
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Cobb was heavily involved with a number of anthropological and medical organizations during his career. He was an active member of the
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and physical anthropology at Howard University that would have the resources for African-American scholars to contribute to debates in
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During his lifetime, Cobb was honored by more than 100 organizations for his efforts as a scholar and as an activist, including the
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Watkins, Rachel J. (March 2007). "Knowledge from the Margins: W. Montague Cobb's Pioneering Research in Biocultural Anthropology".
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named the W.M. Cobb Award in Morphological Sciences after Cobb to honor his legacy with its first recipient in 2020.
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639:"An anatomist's view of human relations. Homo sanguinis versus Homo sapiens--mankind's present dilemma" β 1975.
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Rankin-Hill; Blakey (1994). "W. Montague Cobb (1904β1990): Physical Anthropologist, Anatomist, and Activist".
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Medicare and Medicaid in 1965. He was present at the signing of this bill into law by invitation of President
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of race, as the same type of "equal dignity" was not granted in the society that surrounded Cobb's life.
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In addition those listed above, Cobb had more than 1100 publications on various topics.
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in 1930 where he taught for the majority of his career and established the
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in Anthropology in 1932 and his dissertation was published under the title
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1239:"Award Honors Dr. W.M. Cobb, Recognizes Promising Anatomy Researchers"
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633:"The Cranio-Facial Union and the Maxillary Tuber in Mammals" β 1943.
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
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214:(1904–1990) was an American board-certified physician and a
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Bone Rooms: From Scientific Racism to Human Prehistory in Museums
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Afro-Academic, Cultural, Technological and Scientific Olympics
1188:"The Fight for Health Care Has Always Been About Civil Rights"
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636:"Medical Care and the Plight of the Negro in Medicine" β 1947.
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this period, Cobb also worked with physical anthropologist
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Following the conferral of his doctorate, Cobb remained at
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
896:"The Legacy of William Montague Cobb, MD, PHD (1904β1990)"
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
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642:"Human RightsβA New Fight in Cultural Evolution" β 1978.
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Cobb, W. Montague (January 1936). "Race and Runners".
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Epps CH, Jr; Johnson, DG; Vaughan, AL (October 1993).
567:. He was a member of the board of directors for the
237:. His career both as a physician and a professor at
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descent. His father, William Elmer Cobb, grew up in
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Association for the Study of Negro Life and History
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
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258:. His mother, Alexizne Montague Cobb, grew up in
428:American Association of Physical Anthropologists
648:"Human Variation: Informing the Public" β 1988.
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375:on a survey of the skeletal collection at the
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1255:Harrison, Ira E., and Faye V. Harrison, eds.
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1757:Dunbar High School (Washington, D.C.) alumni
1747:Howard University College of Medicine alumni
1266:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 2016.
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1058:The Journal of Health and Physical Education
715:Harrison, Ira E.; Harrison, Faye V. (1999).
1259:. New York: University of Illinois P, 1998.
1133:Journal of the National Medical Association
1092:Journal of the National Medical Association
974:Journal of the National Medical Association
941:Journal of the National Medical Association
900:Journal of the National Medical Association
746:Journal of the National Medical Association
564:Journal of the National Medical Association
454:Journal of the National Medical Association
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937:"William Montague Cobb, MD, PhD 1904β1990"
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1257:African-American Pioneers in Anthropology
1169:"Distinguished Professor of Anatomy Cobb"
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717:African-American Pioneers in Anthropology
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1727:20th-century African-American scientists
1664:NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund
1032:"History β National Medical Association"
645:"The Black American in Medicine" β 1981.
1129:"Human Variation: Informing the Public"
687:"The Life of Dr. William Montague Cobb"
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689:. W. Montague Cobb Research Laboratory
379:in Washington, DC. He returned to the
254:Cobb was born on October 12, 1904, in
1767:20th-century American anthropologists
1186:II, Vann R. Newkirk (June 27, 2017).
393:University of Arkansas at Little Rock
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1762:20th-century American archaeologists
824:American Anthropological Association
630:"Cranio Facial Union of Man" β 1940.
540:W. Montague Cobb Research Laboratory
385:W. Montague Cobb Skeletal Collection
311:Woods Hole Marine Biology Laboratory
344:Cleveland Museum of Natural History
229:, and the only one until after the
27:American anthropologist (1904β1990)
1336:Presidents and CEOs (1996βpresent)
935:Sampson, Calvin C (January 1991).
581:American Association for Anatomy's
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1332:Executive Secretaries (1910β1964)
1212:DiAntonio, Andrew (2 July 1964).
1282:https://www.cobbresearchlab.com/
1277:http://www.thecobbinstitute.org/
719:. University of Illinois Press.
613:American Association for Anatomy
381:Howard University Medical School
1737:African-American archaeologists
1732:20th-century American academics
1334:Executive Directors (1964β1996)
597:University of the Witwatersrand
368:Case Western Reserve University
348:Case Western Reserve University
195:Case Western Reserve University
1070:10.1080/23267240.1936.10627128
548:New York African Burial Ground
421:Catholic University of America
293:Following his graduation from
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1214:"1964 β The Civil Rights Act"
836:10.1525/aa.1994.96.1.02a00040
589:Medical College of Wisconsin
449:National Medical Association
413:Medical College of Wisconsin
1218:National Health Law Program
1010:"William Montague Cobb bio"
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1127:Cobb, W. Montague (1988).
1086:Cobb, W. Montague (1975).
894:Douglass, Melvin (1992).
872:10.1525/aa.2007.109.1.186
627:"Race and Runners" β1936.
491:Transatlantic slave trade
437:American Eugenics Society
346:which is associated with
297:in 1921, Cobb earned his
242:of the sub-discipline of
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1772:Historians from Maryland
1689:National Negro Committee
624:"Human Archives" β 1932.
405:West Virginia University
397:University of Washington
244:biocultural anthropology
1591:Stephen Gill Spottswood
1555:Oswald Garrison Villard
860:American Anthropologist
740:Spady, JG (July 1984).
601:Morgan State University
377:Smithsonian Institution
250:Early and personal life
216:physical anthropologist
1742:Amherst College alumni
1579:Channing Heggie Tobias
1473:Presidents (1909β1996)
1457:Cornell William Brooks
1439:Dennis Courtland Hayes
1427:Dennis Courtland Hayes
409:Harvard Medical School
401:University of Maryland
1615:Myrlie Evers-Williams
1175:: 358. November 1969.
619:Selected publications
593:Georgetown University
555:National Urban League
546:that also houses the
495:population bottleneck
423:during his lifetime.
212:William Montague Cobb
109:William Montague Cobb
1654:NAACP Theatre Awards
1597:Margaret Bush Wilson
1453:(2013β2014, interim)
1441:(2007β2008, interim)
1429:(2004β2005, interim)
1385:James Weldon Johnson
1373:James Weldon Johnson
486:applied anthropology
358:the following year.
313:. He earned his MD (
1669:NAACP Youth Council
1603:Kelly Alexander Sr.
1567:Mary White Ovington
1561:Joel Elias Spingarn
1486:Joel Elias Spingarn
1361:Mary White Ovington
1349:Mary White Ovington
1098:(3): 187β195, 232.
389:Stanford University
317:) in 1929 from the
1659:NAACP Image Awards
1492:Arthur B. Spingarn
1367:Royal Freeman Nash
1262:Redman, Samuel J.
1012:. 12 February 2007
662:Manet Helen Fowler
466:Pittsburgh Courier
315:Doctor of Medicine
295:Dunbar High School
279:Dunbar High School
262:and was partly of
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726:978-0-252-06736-5
605:Howard University
574:Lyndon B. Johnson
319:Howard University
239:Howard University
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186:Howard University
132:November 20, 1990
53:President of the
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119:October 12, 1904
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1504:Montague Cobb
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906:(10): 885β7.
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752:(7): 739β44.
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747:
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373:AleΕ‘ HrdliΔka
369:
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260:Massachusetts
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256:Washington DC
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59:
56:
51:
47:
43:
38:
34:Montague Cobb
31:
19:
1693:
1627:Roslyn Brock
1542:Board Chairs
1503:
1498:Kivie Kaplan
1421:Kweisi Mfume
1391:Walter White
1263:
1256:
1233:
1221:. Retrieved
1217:
1207:
1195:. Retrieved
1192:The Atlantic
1191:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1095:
1091:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1039:. Retrieved
1035:
1026:
1014:. Retrieved
1004:
977:
973:
963:
947:(1): 13β14.
944:
940:
930:
903:
899:
863:
859:
827:
823:
749:
745:
735:
716:
691:. Retrieved
651:
578:
562:
552:
550:collection.
536:
525:
517:
513:Homo sapiens
511:
508:
499:
482:
470:
464:
460:Negro Digest
458:
452:
441:
425:
365:
355:
292:
276:
272:
253:
227:anthropology
211:
210:
134:(1990-11-20)
85:Succeeded by
78:Kivie Kaplan
62:
1722:1990 deaths
1717:1904 births
1629:(2010β2017)
1623:(1998β2010)
1621:Julian Bond
1617:(1995β1998)
1611:(1985β1995)
1605:(1983β1984)
1599:(1975β1983)
1593:(1961β1975)
1587:(1960β1961)
1581:(1953β1960)
1575:(1934β1953)
1569:(1919β1934)
1563:(1914β1919)
1557:(1911β1914)
1551:(1910β1911)
1530:(1992β1996)
1524:(1990β1992)
1522:Hazel Dukes
1518:(1984β1990)
1506:(1976β1982)
1500:(1966β1975)
1494:(1940β1965)
1488:(1930β1939)
1482:(1909β1929)
1459:(2014β2017)
1447:(2008β2013)
1445:Ben Jealous
1435:(2005β2007)
1423:(1996β2004)
1417:(1994β1996)
1411:(1993β1994)
1405:(1977β1992)
1399:(1955β1977)
1397:Roy Wilkins
1393:(1929β1955)
1387:(1920β1929)
1381:(1918β1920)
1375:(1917β1918)
1369:(1916β1917)
1357:(1912β1916)
1351:(1911β1912)
1345:(1910β1911)
1064:(1): 3β56.
503:Jesse Owens
479:Scholarship
149:Hilda Smith
73:Preceded by
1711:Categories
1695:The Crisis
1510:James Kemp
1173:The Crisis
1016:August 29,
668:References
522:bipedalism
419:, and the
307:embryology
231:Korean War
115:1904-10-12
90:James Kemp
1041:April 23,
830:: 74β96.
693:April 23,
585:U.S. Navy
417:Milwaukee
289:Education
173:Education
162:Relatives
67:1976β1982
63:In office
1647:See also
656:See also
557:and the
501:case of
154:Children
1325:Leaders
1155:3392752
1146:2625667
1114:1142453
1105:2609302
996:8254696
987:2568213
954:2627008
922:1404467
913:2571791
768:6381741
759:2561648
332:anatomy
1512:(1983)
1363:(1916)
1223:May 1,
1197:May 1,
1153:
1143:
1112:
1102:
994:
984:
951:
920:
910:
766:
756:
723:
611:. The
607:, and
595:, the
533:Legacy
469:, and
435:, the
411:, the
399:, the
395:, the
391:, the
362:Career
146:Spouse
141:, U.S.
124:, U.S.
569:NAACP
472:Ebony
301:from
55:NAACP
1225:2020
1199:2020
1151:PMID
1110:PMID
1043:2020
1018:2016
992:PMID
918:PMID
764:PMID
721:ISBN
695:2020
352:Ph.D
327:Dean
223:Ph.D
129:Died
105:Born
1141:PMC
1100:PMC
1066:doi
982:PMC
949:PMC
908:PMC
868:doi
864:109
832:doi
754:PMC
415:at
309:at
225:in
199:PhD
1713::
1216:.
1190:.
1171:.
1149:.
1137:80
1135:.
1131:.
1108:.
1096:67
1094:.
1090:.
1078:^
1060:.
1034:.
990:.
978:85
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904:84
902:.
898:.
880:^
862:.
844:^
828:96
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776:^
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750:76
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744:.
703:^
676:^
603:,
599:,
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463:,
407:,
403:,
190:MD
181:BA
1310:e
1303:t
1296:v
1241:.
1227:.
1201:.
1157:.
1116:.
1072:.
1068::
1062:7
1045:.
1020:.
998:.
957:.
924:.
874:.
870::
838:.
834::
770:.
729:.
697:.
201:)
197:(
192:)
188:(
183:)
179:(
157:2
117:)
113:(
20:)
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