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in 1871, recalled how
Haidinger had been able to organize his scientific society in spite of serious opposition from the Austrian police. Haidinger, founder and president of the "Freunde der Naturwissenschaften in Wien" undertook to publish its proceedings from 1840 to 1850. The last meeting of the "Freunde der Naturwissenschaften in Wien" took place on 29 November 1850. After that the learned society ceased to exist. In addition to his work on the collections of the mineralogical museum, his lectures on mineralogy and geology to young mining engineers, Wilhem Haidinger found the time to continue his own research and published some 105 papers during the years 1849 to 1860.
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uncertainty the
Imperial Government, the Reichsrath, decided to cancel the planned forceful unification. Thus Haidinger was able to continue his work at the Imperial Geological Survey. With considerable pride Wilhelm Haidinger related, how Emperor Franz-Josef of Austria-Hungary had visited the building of the k. k. Geologischer Reichsanstalt in Vienna on 15 February 1862. In 1866 Wilhelm Haidinger became seriously ill and asked the Government for early retirement; it was generously granted. After retirement Haidinger continued his studies at home; this time meteorites held his main interest (and several papers followed).
642:. ("Durch meinem verehrten Freund Wöhler wurde ich auf die Beobachtung, die auch Mitscherlich und L. Gmelin anführen, aufmerksam gemacht, daß man Dolomit in Pulverform künstlich zerlegen kann, wenn man eine Auflösung von Gyps durch denselben dringen läßt. Bittersalz wird gebildet und kohlensaurer Kalk bleibt zurück. Dieser Versuch erläutert wohle mit hinreichender Evidenz die Bildung des Kalkspathes aus Dolomit bei unserer gewöhnlichen Temperatur und atmosphärischer Pressung": Haidinger, 1844, p. 250.) It was Haidinger's employee at the "Kaiserlich-Königlichen Hofkammer im Münz- und Bergwesen",
44:
663:. When Von Morlot (1847 A) reacted dolomite powder with a concentrated solution of calcium sulfate at room temperature, the result was (solid) calcium carbonate plus a solution of magnesium sulfate. ("Wenn man nämlich durch gepulverten Dolomit eine Auflösung von Gyps filtriert, so entsteht die umgekehrte doppelte Zersetzung in der Art, daß Bittersalz aufgelöst durch's Filtrum geht, während kohlensaurer Kalk zurück bleibt": Von Morlot, 1847 A, p. 309.)
237:(Germany) had been asked to describe it in detail. Young Wilhelm Haidinger and the professor often met in the house of Wilhelm's uncle. After completing the "Normalschule" and the "Grammatikalschule" Wilhelm started out his pre-academical training at the local "Gymnasium". However, after completing only his first year, the "Humanitätsclasse", Wilhelm (now 17 years old) was asked by professor
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121:
712:); the "Werner-Verein zur geologischen Durchforschung Mährens und Schlesiens", the "Geologischer Verein für Ungarn" in Pest, the "Società Geologica" in Milan, Italy and its successor the "Società Italiana di Scienze naturali". Haidinger remained convinced that such scientific organizations outside the official governmental societies were necessary, if not essential.
229:(1756–1797), who died when Wilhelm was only two years old. The books on mineralogy and the collection of rocks and minerals of his father will almost certainly have raised the interest of young Wilhelm. The collection of his uncle, banker Jakob Friedrich van der Nüll, was by far larger and much more precious, even to such a degree that the famous professor
598:... part of the carbonate of lime is replaced by carbonate of magnesia, so as to form in the new species a compound of one atom each. How this change was brought about, is a difficult question to resolve, though the fact cannot be doubted, as we have in the specimen described a demonstration of it, approaching in certainty almost to ocular evidence.
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that his "k. k. Geologischer
Reichsanstalt" was going to be incorporated into the "Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften". Haidinger was shocked, not only because he had to read this news in the paper, but especially because the two institutes were truly incompatible. After several months of great
573:
as director of the mineralogical collection of the "Kaiserlich-Königlichen
Hofkammer im MĂĽnz- und Bergwesen". How much Haidinger devoted himself to science in general is evident from the fact that he founded a non-governmental scientific society: the "Freunde der Naturwissenschaften in Wien". Becker,
671:
Ritter von Hauer (1871), in his necrology of
Wilhelm Haidinger, recalled with great pride how open-minded Haidinger had been. The very thought of censoring any scientific publication would have been alien to Wilhelm Haidinger. In this regard, it must be remembered how Wilhelm Haidinger had allowed
698:
There can be little or no doubt as to the scientific status that
Wilhelm Haidinger achieved during the years 1850 to 1866: the "Kaiserlich-Königliche Geologische Reichsanstalt" became the epicentre of geological research of its time. Haidinger's unselfish attitude is best reflected in his motto:
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powder soaked in a concentrated solution of magnesium sulfate sealed in a glass tube. Heating the glass tube in an oil bath increased the pressure inside it to at least 15 bar. The glass tube was able to withstand this high pressure only because it had been placed inside a gun barrel filled with
690:
A major step in
Haidinger's career took place in 1849: the founding of the "Kaiserlich-Königliche geologische Reichs-Anstalt" on 15 November 1849 in Vienna. Wilhelm Haidinger became its first director. The "k. k. Hofkammer im Münz- und Bergwesen" now became part of this newly founded geological
464:
A long journey with Robert Allan (the son of Thomas Allan) in 1825 and 1826 brought
Wilhelm Haidinger to Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Austria, and northern Italy. The winter months of 1825 and 1826 were spent by Wilhelm Haidinger in the highest scientific circles of Berlin; here he met for
1072:
Morlot, A. von (1848 C): "Ueber
Versuche zur Begründung der Theorie der Bildung des Dolomits". Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Wien), Philosophisch-Historische Classe, vol.1, pp.114–118.
691:
office of
Imperial Austria-Hungary. A detailed account of all events in relation with this major re-organization was published by Haidinger in 1864. Details of Haidinger's years as director of the Austrian geological survey were published by Haidinger's successor
548:). Working in the ceramics factory owned by his brothers Eugen and Rudolf did not prevent Wilhelm from continuing his mineralogical research and writing scientific papers. In the years 1827 to 1840 Haidinger published some 24 papers (according to the
707:
According to Döll (1871) Wilhelm Haidinger played a major role in the founding of the "k. k. Geographischen Gesellschaft zu Wien" (Becker, 1871 mentions how Haidinger had started the Austrian Geographical Society after the example of the famous
749:; the King of Sweden gave the Nordstern Orden; and the King of Portugal made Wilhelm Haidinger Commander in the Portuguese Order of Christ. Although Wilhelm Haidinger had never completed his academic training, he was promoted to
1260:
1144:
is one of the oldest daily papers of the world (founded 8 August 1703) and exists up to the present day. The paper contains a section with government announcements called "Amts-Blatt". All of the (historical) issues of the
590:, but the original cleavage planes and crystal habitus would give the impression of anhydrite. Another example given by Haidinger was that of calcium carbonate, which would readily change into calcium magnesium carbonate (
913:
Mohs, F. (1825): Treatise on mineralogy; or, The natural history of the mineral kingdom. (translated from the German with considerable additions, by William Haidinger.) A. Constable & Co., Edinburgh. Vol.1 = 458 p.
1003:
Morlot, A. von (1847 A): Ueber Dolomit und seine künstliche Darstellung aus Kalkstein. Naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen gesammelt und durch Subscription herausgegeben von Wilhelm Haidinger, vol.1, pp.305–315.
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with his elevation to knighthood ("Ritter von Haidinger") on 30 July 1864. Haidinger had received from the King of Prussia on 24 January 1857 the highly coveted civil version of the Königlich Preußischer Orden
334:. The years in Edinburgh are among Haidinger's most productive: The translation of the comprehensive textbook by Mohs appeared in print and 33 scientific papers were written and published (in, for example,
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Haidinger, W. (1854): Pleochroismus einiger Augite und Amphibole. Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Classe der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, vol.12, pp.1074–1085.
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Morlot, A. von (1848 A): Ueber Versuche zur Begründung der Theorie der Bildung des Dolomits. Berichte über die Mittheilungen von Freunde der Naturwissenschaften in Wien (Haidinger), vol.4, pp.178–184.
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In 1822 Wilhelm Haidinger accompanied August Graf von Breunner-Enckevoirt (1796–1877) on a six-month trip; they traveled from Linz to Munich, Basel, Paris, London and Edinburgh. In Edinburgh banker
265:. During these years Haidinger became more and more involved in scientific work. In 1821 Wilhelm Haidinger published his first scientific paper: "On the crystallisation of copper-pyrites" in the
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Morlot, A. von (1847 C): Künstliche Darstellung des Dolomits (Nachtrag). Berichte über die Mitteilungen von Freunden der Naturwissenschaften in Wien (Haidinger), vol.2, pp.393–394 + pp.461–462.
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Haidinger's scientific work became more and more concentrated on the phenomenon of "pseudomorphosis": that is minerals which have taken up the outer aspect of another mineral. For example,
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Haidinger, W.(1831): On the Parasitic Formation of Mineral Species, depending on Gradual Changes, which take place in the Interior of Minerals, while their External Form remains the same.
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Haidinger, W. (1845): Über die Pseudomorphosen und ihre anogene und katogene Bildung. Abhandlungen der königlichen Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, vol.3, pp.231–259.
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see: Hauer, F. Ritter von (1869): Geologische Uebersichtskarte der österreichischen Monarchie. Jahrbuch der kaiserlich-königlichen geologischen Reichsanstalt, vol.19, pp.1–58.
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In 1827 Wilhelm Haidinger returned to Austria and became one of the directors of the "Erste (böhmische) Porzellan-Industrie Aktien Gesellschaft (Epiag)" in Elbogen (now
1004:
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Morlot, A. von (1847 B): Über Dolomit und seine künstliche Darstellung. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde, 1847, pp.862–864.
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Becker, M. A. (1871): Wilhelm Haidinger, geb. 5. Februar 1795, †am 19. März 1871. Mittheilungen der k. k. Geographischen Gesellschaft zu Wien, vol.14, pp.257–264.
272:(Edinburgh), volume 4, pp. 1–18. This paper formed the start of a grand total of some 350 scientific publications, all of which are listed in volume 3 of the
282:, an account on the collection of the "k. k. Hofkammer im MĂĽnz- und Bergwesen"; a review of mineralogical research (which grew into a well-known series edited by
646:, who undertook to investigate the formation of dolomite in the laboratory (no doubt at the request of Haidinger). The outcome of the experiments confirmed what
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Haidinger, W. (1845): Über den Pleochroismus der Krystalle. Abhandlungen der königlichen Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Ser.5, vol.3, pp.585–603.
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Haidinger, W. (1846): Krystallographisch-mineralogische Figuren-Tafeln zu dem Handbuche der bestimmenden Mineralogie. BraumĂĽller & Seidel, Wien, 15 p.
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had predicted in 1843: dolomite does not form from calcium carbonate plus a solution of magnesium sulfate unless high temperatures (more than 200 degrees
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Morlot, A. von (1848 D): Sur l'origine de la dolomie. Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris, vol.26, pp.311–315.
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As part of his mineralogical research Haidinger studied the optical behaviour of minerals, which led to his discovery of the phenomenon of pleochroĂŻsm.
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In 1823 Wilhelm Haidinger left Freiberg to re-settle in Edinburgh, where he stayed until the summer of 1825. In Edinburgh Haidinger met mineralogists
863:
Handbuch der bestimmenden Mineralogie: enthaltend die Terminologie, Systematik, Nomenklatur und Charakteristik der Naturgeschichte des Mineralreiches
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Hauer, F. Ritter von (1871): Zur Erinnerung an Wilhelm Haidinger. Jahrbuch der kaiserlich-königlichen geologischen Reichsanstalt, vol.21, pp.31–40.
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Mohs, F. (1822): Grund-RiĂź der Mineralogie. Ersther Theil. Terminologie, Systematik, Nomenklatur, Charakteristik. Arnold, Dresden, 604 p.
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sand. In this way Von Morlot in 1847 had clearly demonstrated the existence of a minimum temperature for the synthesis of the mineral
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and volume 10 of the same catalogue for the years 1864–1883. Apart from all these papers Wilhelm Haidinger published several books:
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Haidinger, W. (1864): Ansprache des Direktors. Jahrbuch der kaiserlich-königlichen geologischen Reichsanstalt, vol.14, pp.147–198.
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562:. One of the papers described the occurrence of fossil plants in the brown coal and sandstones of the surroundings of Elbogen (
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had explained to him, that powdered dolomite will react, even at room temperature, with a solution of calcium sulfate to give
400:
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606:" reaction that would change calcium carbonate into dolomite at low temperatures (below 100 degrees Celsius). A solution of
1061:
Morlot, A. von (1848 B): "Mode de formation des dolomies". Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, vol.5, pp.243–247.
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699:"Förderung der Wissenschaft, nicht Monopolisirung der Arbeit" (Advancement of science, not monopolisation of research).
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Blum, J. R. (1843): Die Pseudomorphosen des Mineralreichs. E. Schweizerbartsche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart, 378 p.
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684:(at the same time Morlot's paper on the synthesis of dolomite appeared in four other well-known journals.)
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902:; Mohs, F. (1825): Register zu dem Grund-Riß der Mineralogie in zwei Bänden. Arnold, Dresden, 30 p.
899:; Mohs, F. (1824): Grund-RiĂź der Mineralogie. Zweiter Theil. Physiographie. Arnold, Dresden, 730 p.
294:; an atlas to this textbook on mineralogy and the first complete geological map of Austria-Hungary.
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Döll, E. (1871): Wilhelm Ritter von Haidinger. Verlag der Redaktion der "Realschule" Wien, 15 p.
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in solution. Nonetheless, in 1844 Haidinger related how his friends, the well-known chemists
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Emperor Franz Josef I of Austria-Hungary bestowed great honour onto Wilhelm Haidinger: the
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After a short illness Wilhelm Haidinger died at his home in Vienna on 19 March 1871.
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Berthier, P. (1827): Haidingérite, minerai d'antimoine d'Auvergne d'espèce nouvelle.
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107:) (5 February 1795 – 19 March 1871) was an Austrian mineralogist.
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Bericht ĂĽber die Mineralien-Sammlung der k. k. Hofkammer im MĂĽnz- und Bergwesen
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Berichte ĂĽber die Mittheilungen von Freunden der Naturwissenschaften in Wien
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654:= 250 degrees Celsius) and high pressures were applied. Von Morlot used
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Wilhelm Haidinger remained a devoted assistant and admirer of professor
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392: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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To geologists Haidinger is known especially for his postulate of the "
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1196:. Vol. 6. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 18–20.
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Uebersicht der Resultate mineralogischer Forschungen im Jahre 1843
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into English. (The translation appeared in 1823 in three volumes:
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During the next five years in Graz and the following six years in
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Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
489:. In the spring of 1826 the journey was continued and visits to
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In 1840 Wilhelm Haidinger moved to Vienna to succeed his tutor
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named a new mineral (an iron antimony sulfide) "Haidingérite".
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AnfangsgrĂĽnde der Mineralogie zum Gebrauche bei Vorlesungen
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Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger | ORDEN POUR LE MÉRITE
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to publish his accounts on the laboratory syntheses of
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Wevers, Joyce (1970–1980). "Haidinger, Wilhelm Karl".
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provided Haidinger with the means to translate Mohs'
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241:to join him as his assistant at the newly founded
552:), which appeared in such well known journals as
757:and to Doctor honoris causa in medicine by the
1246:Recipients of the Pour le MĂ©rite (civil class)
1140:The "Oesterreichisch-Kaiserlich priveligirten
990:Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
745:Furthermore, the King of Bavaria bestowed the
747:Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art
8:
1185:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). p. 820.
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1251:Members of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
149:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
274:Catalogue of Scientific Papers (1800–1863)
42:
31:
452:Learn how and when to remove this message
350:). While in Edinburgh Haidinger's friend
213:Learn how and when to remove this message
1147:Wiener Zeitung' are freely available at
865:. BraumĂĽller & Seidel, Wien, 630 p.
804:
318:and Robert Ferguson of Raith, geologist
225:Haidinger's father was the mineralogist
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1266:Burials at the Vienna Central Cemetery
715:In 1860 Wilhelm Haidinger read in the
680:first and foremost in Haidinger's own
290:Handbuch der bestimmenden Mineralogie
7:
1256:Foreign members of the Royal Society
820:. Joh. Ambr. Barth, Leipzig, 312 p.
710:Royal Geographical Society of London
390:adding citations to reliable sources
147:adding citations to reliable sources
1241:Scientists from the Austrian Empire
850:, Fredinand Enke, Erlangen, 150 p.
401:"Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger"
162:"Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger"
1193:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
25:
269:Wernerian Natural History Society
97:Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger
36:Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger
27:Austrian mineralogist (1795–1871)
933:Annales de Chimie et de Physique
537:in Vienna completed their trip.
499:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann
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336:The Edinburgh Journal of Science
119:
1176:"Haidinger, Wilhelm Karl"
377:needs additional citations for
550:Catalogue of Scientific Papers
515:Carl Cäsar Ritter von Leonhard
1:
279:AnfangsgrĂĽnde der Mineralogie
1171:Woodward, Horace Bolingbroke
979:Haidinger, 1831, p. 108
835:. Carl Gerold, Wien, 156 p.
755:Charles University in Prague
487:Johann Christian Poggendorff
761:(see: Von Wurzbach, 1861).
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304:Grundriss der Mineralogie
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586:would have changed into
243:Universalmuseum Joanneum
1182:Encyclopædia Britannica
1231:Scientists from Vienna
935:, vol.35, pp.351–359.
861:Haidinger, W. (1845):
846:Haidinger, W. (1845):
831:Haidinger, W. (1843):
816:Haidinger, W. (1829):
693:Franz Ritter von Hauer
600:
594:). In his own words:
559:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Physik
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483:Heinrich Gustav Magnus
309:Treatise on Mineralogy
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289:
284:Gustav Adolph Kenngott
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992:, vol.11, pp.73–113.
753:in philosophy by the
730:Order of Franz Joseph
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554:Poggendorff's Annalen
344:Philosophical Journal
101:Wilhelm von Haidinger
792:Notes and references
751:Doctor honoris causa
628:Eilhard Mitscherlich
479:Eilhard Mitscherlich
386:improve this article
143:improve this section
638:plus a solution of
503:Friedrich Stromeyer
759:University of Jena
724:Awards and honours
703:Political activity
86:Dornbach, Vienna,
1203:978-0-684-10114-9
920:; vol.3 = 319 p.
917:; vol.2 = 472 p.
786:Haidinger's brush
674:Adolph von Morlot
644:Adolph von Morlot
640:magnesium sulfate
636:calcium carbonate
612:calcium carbonate
608:magnesium sulfate
535:Franz Xaver Riepl
511:Hermann von Meyer
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253:Scientific career
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604:dolomitization
579:
578:Dolomitization
576:
571:Friedrich Mohs
546:Czech Republic
533:in Munich and
519:Leopold Gmelin
513:in Frankfurt,
491:Friedrich Mohs
460:
459:
374:
372:
365:
359:
356:
348:Robert Jameson
340:David Brewster
332:David Brewster
324:Thomas Thomson
316:Robert Jameson
263:Friedrich Mohs
254:
251:
239:Friedrich Mohs
231:Friedrich Mohs
227:Karl Haidinger
221:
220:
127:
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85:
83:(aged 76)
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1236:Mineralogists
1234:
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1199:
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805:Woodward 1911
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471:Heinrich Rose
468:
456:
453:
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434:
431:
427:
424:
420:
417:
413:
410:
406:
403: –
402:
398:
397:Find sources:
391:
387:
381:
380:
375:This section
373:
369:
364:
363:
357:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
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329:
328:Edward Turner
325:
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206:
195:
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185:
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178:
174:
171:
167:
164: –
163:
159:
158:Find sources:
152:
148:
144:
138:
137:
133:
128:This section
126:
122:
117:
116:
110:
108:
106:
102:
98:
89:
79:19 March 1871
78:
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66:
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49:
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40:
33:
30:
19:
1191:
1180:
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1125:
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1035:
1024:
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989:
984:
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800:
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581:
568:
553:
549:
539:
463:
448:
439:
429:
422:
415:
408:
396:
384:Please help
379:verification
376:
343:
335:
313:
308:
299:Thomas Allan
296:
287:
273:
266:
256:
224:
209:
200:
190:
183:
176:
169:
157:
141:Please help
129:
104:
100:
96:
95:
81:(1871-03-19)
29:
18:W. Haidinger
1226:1871 deaths
1221:1795 births
467:Gustav Rose
342:and in the
322:, chemists
1215:Categories
523:Heidelberg
412:newspapers
320:James Hall
173:newspapers
111:Early life
57:1795-02-05
584:anhydrite
507:Göttingen
130:does not
1173:(1911).
780:See also
732:and the
678:dolomite
661:dolomite
616:dolomite
592:dolomite
556:and the
495:Freiberg
465:example
442:May 2024
259:Freiberg
235:Freiberg
203:May 2024
656:calcite
426:scholar
286:); his
187:scholar
151:removed
136:sources
1200:
652:Reamur
630:, and
588:gypsum
485:, and
428:
421:
414:
407:
399:
189:
182:
175:
168:
160:
65:Vienna
618:plus
614:into
564:Loket
542:Loket
497:, to
433:JSTOR
419:books
194:JSTOR
180:books
1198:ISBN
517:and
501:and
469:and
405:news
326:and
247:Graz
166:news
134:any
132:cite
99:(or
76:Died
51:Born
566:).
521:in
505:in
493:in
388:by
346:of
338:of
311:.)
245:in
233:of
145:by
1217::
1179:.
1010:^
741:".
695:.
626:,
544:,
529:,
525:,
509:,
481:,
477:,
473:,
249:.
67:,
1206:.
807:.
737:"
455:)
449:(
444:)
440:(
430:·
423:·
416:·
409:·
382:.
216:)
210:(
205:)
201:(
191:·
184:·
177:·
170:·
153:.
139:.
59:)
55:(
20:)
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