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25:
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from using local facilities and purchasing from
Taiwanese shops through acts of discrimination. This resentment also influenced the creation of a strong national Taiwanese identity, which eventually led to the Taiwanese Independence Movement in the 1990s. Although no longer dominating the government,
466:
migrated, with most estimates ranging between 950,000 and 2 million, with 1.2 million being the most commonly cited figure in Taiwan. Newly declassified archival data yielded a population of 1,024,233 mainland
Chinese immigrants in Taiwan and the Kinmen-Matsu military zones on September 16, 1956.
478:
arrived prior to the KMT military retreat. This group consisted of elites, e.g. government officials, businessmen and intellectuals, as well as migrant workers from Fujian. Another significant category consisted of military personnel and their families, as well as soldiers who were
578:
On the other hand, many of the soldiers and refugees who arrived with the
Kuomintang came without their families. Finding themselves destitute in an alien land with no relatives, some of them turned to violent crime or suicide. In the late 50s,
627:
which allowed local
Taiwanese to move up in the government, political establishment encouraged under the Chiang government, and economic prosperity which allowed for social mobility for those outside of the political establishment.
662:. However it quickly became apparent that the notion of New Taiwanese meant different things to supporters of independence and unification. To supporters of independence, the concept of New Taiwanese implied that
622:
Starting in the 1970s, Chinese nationalist dominance of the government began to recede. This was due to a lack of a political or social theory that would justify continued
Chinese nationalist dominance,
348:. Ancestral homes were eliminated in official records (e.g. on identity cards, household registrations, and passports) in 1996, and replaced with place of birth, which ended the official distinction of
363:
Today, in practice the term broadly refers to the cultural group of people who migrated from mainland China to Taiwan starting in 1945 when the
Republic of China took control of Taiwan after the
196:
607:, and the government often used public executions to assuage the public, especially in extreme and publicized cases such as armed robbery, sexual harassment, or murder. The influx of poor
950:
666:
should assimilate into a
Taiwanese identity which was separate from the Chinese one. By contrast, the supporters of Chinese unification seemed to believe that all Taiwanese (not just
434:
find this translation uncomfortable since many of them have lived in Taiwan their entire lives, and the term may lead to possible confusion with residents of the
333:
was someone whose ancestral home was Taiwan. By this formal definition, a person born in Taiwan whose father's ancestral home is not in Taiwan is considered a
455:
372:
611:
also put enormous pressure on housing, and resulted in the illegal construction of a large number of shantytowns in Taipei. On the other hand,
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is "this-province people"; however, these translations are politically loaded since they arose in a historical context when the ruling
303:
1105:
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1005:
980:
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108:
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1147:
542:'s military government immediately following the Japanese surrender in 1945 caused inflation and economic inequality between the
224:. The term excludes other ethnic Chinese immigrants (e.g. from Malaysia or Hong Kong) and later immigrants from mainland China.
150:
1152:
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elites with political connections could often obtain formerly
Japanese-owned properties, sometimes at the expense of evicted
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46:
89:
487:. Another category consists of refugees, who were hastily evacuated during the Kuomintang retreat. Some others, such as
443:
259:
61:
42:
642:
In the late 1990s, the concept of "the New
Taiwanese" became popular both among supporters of Taiwan independence and
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68:
670:) should restore a previously marginalized Taiwanese identity without antagonizing a larger pan-Chinese identity.
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Intermarriage and a new generation raised under the same environment has largely blurred the distinction between
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elites dominated the government hierarchy during the martial law era on Taiwan. The continued influx of
57:
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554:, which resulted in the murder of several thousand Taiwanese civilians, generated resentment among
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in 1949. They came from various regions of mainland China and spanned multiple social classes.
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pose some interesting difficulties in translation; most academic literature uses the terms
82:
184:
1023:
Is Taiwan
Chinese?: the Impact of Culture, Power, and Migration on Changing Identities
951:""Reassessing Number of Mainland Chinese Immigrants with Declassified Archival Data".
1121:
340:
Conversely, a person not born in Taiwan whose ancestral home is Taiwan (most notably
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families, it is difficult to precisely define the distinction in later generations.
379:, but make up a separate social category. Due to significant intermarriage between
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from their social spheres. This exclusion often came in the form of preventing
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and its aftermath. Recent immigrants to Taiwan from China are not considered
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elites still make up a large fraction of bureaucrats and military officers.
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Furthermore, the male to female ratio among the immigrants was 375:100.
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people in Taiwan who arrived prior to 1945 who had lived under
491:, arrived in the years after the retreat, for example through
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is "extra-provincial people" while the literal translation of
231:
122:
18:
1025:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 9–11.
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against the reluctant Japanese colony in Taiwan during
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migrants along with the corruption that occurred under
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as "native Taiwanese" leads to possible confusion with
146:
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in order to advocate a more tolerant proposition that
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based on how they migrated. About 26% of non-military
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to it so that it can be listed with similar articles.
591:levels until the 70s. Likewise, suicide rates for
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
462:is unknown. Estimates vary regarding how many
1100:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 82–83.
1075:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 76–78.
1050:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 70–71.
975:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 59–60.
903:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 63–65.
599:during the 50s. Violent crimes committed by
8:
603:vagrants caused fear and anger in the local
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266:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1000:. Cambridge University Press. p. 66.
373:retreat of the Republic of China to Taiwan
286:Learn how and when to remove this message
179:, are a group of migrants who arrived in
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
423:actively claimed the entirety of China.
206:The term is often seen in contrast with
891:
701:
411:directly. The literal translation of
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264:adding citations to reliable sources
47:adding citations to reliable sources
749:'People of other provinces'
583:crime rates were more than that of
506:area, with another 25% settling in
325:was someone living in Taiwan whose
16:Mainland Chinese migrants to Taiwan
138:needs additional or more specific
14:
1096:Yang, Dominic Meng-Hsuan (2021).
1071:Yang, Dominic Meng-Hsuan (2021).
1046:Yang, Dominic Meng-Hsuan (2021).
996:Yang, Dominic Meng-Hsuan (2021).
971:Yang, Dominic Meng-Hsuan (2021).
899:Yang, Dominic Meng-Hsuan (2021).
454:Due to the chaotic nature of the
438:. Likewise, the translation of
371:, and into the 1950s during the
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23:
875:
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550:This along with the subsequent
483:or forcibly conscripted by the
470:There are several subgroups of
430:is "mainlander", although some
34:needs additional citations for
857:
814:
771:
713:
1:
658:, are no less Taiwanese than
685:North–South divide in Taiwan
456:Kuomintang retreat to Taiwan
444:Taiwanese indigenous peoples
1098:The Great Exodus from China
1073:The Great Exodus from China
1048:The Great Exodus from China
998:The Great Exodus from China
973:The Great Exodus from China
901:The Great Exodus from China
426:One English translation of
321:The formal definition of a
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953:Taiwan Historical Research
436:People's Republic of China
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805:
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619:who already lived there.
587:, and would not fall to
1148:Ethnic groups in Taiwan
1021:Brown, Melissa (2004).
313:, though he grew up in
309:is often regarded as a
928:. Taipei: 聯經出版事業有限公司.
680:Demographics of Taiwan
458:, the exact number of
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1153:Immigration to Taiwan
650:, who sided with the
625:meritocratic policies
367:at the conclusion of
360:were born in Taiwan.
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595:were double that of
260:improve this section
43:improve this article
644:Chinese unification
317:since the age of 2.
199:and the end of the
175:, sometimes called
546:elites and native
365:Surrender of Japan
344:) is considered a
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212:, which refers to
197:Kuomintang retreat
189:Japanese surrender
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58:"Waishengren"
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54:Find sources:
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32:This article
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656:World War II
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552:228 Incident
548:benshengren.
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489:Ma Ying-jeou
481:press ganged
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450:Demographics
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391:Translations
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369:World War II
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193:World War II
187:between the
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99:October 2022
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
858:bénshěngrén
815:wàishěngrén
772:bénshěngrén
714:wàishěngrén
668:waishengren
664:waishengren
660:benshengren
648:waishengren
637:benshengren
633:waishengren
617:benshengren
613:waishengren
609:waishengren
605:benshengren
601:waishengren
597:benshengren
593:waishengren
589:benshengren
585:benshengren
581:waishengren
573:waishengren
568:waishengren
564:waishengren
560:benshengren
556:benshengren
544:waishengren
536:waishengren
532:waishengren
500:waishengren
476:waishengren
472:waishengren
464:waishengren
460:waishengren
440:benshengren
432:waishengren
428:waishengren
417:benshengren
413:waishengren
409:benshengren
405:waishengren
401:benshengren
397:waishengren
385:benshengren
381:waishengren
377:waishengren
358:waishengren
356:since many
354:benshengren
350:waishengren
346:benshengren
335:waishengren
331:benshengren
323:waishengren
311:waishengren
209:benshengren
177:mainlanders
172:Waishengren
1128:Kuomintang
1122:Categories
886:References
871:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
828:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
785:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
735:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
562:excluding
485:Kuomintang
421:Kuomintang
395:The terms
228:Definition
140:categories
69:newspapers
508:Kaohsiung
493:Hong Kong
342:Lien Chan
276:July 2021
247:does not
674:See also
516:Taichung
147:help out
845:Chinese
802:Chinese
759:Chinese
727:Chinese
540:Chen Yi
526:History
512:Keelung
352:versus
302:Former
268:removed
253:sources
145:Please
83:scholar
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709:pinyin
652:Allies
520:Tainan
504:Taipei
315:Taipei
181:Taiwan
85:
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64:
56:
958:(PDF)
696:Notes
218:Hakka
214:Hoklo
183:from
90:JSTOR
76:books
1102:ISBN
1077:ISBN
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1002:ISBN
977:ISBN
930:ISBN
905:ISBN
746:lit.
635:and
518:and
407:and
399:and
383:and
251:any
249:cite
216:and
62:news
926:大撤退
849:本省人
806:外省人
763:本省人
731:外省人
262:by
149:by
45:by
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