258:
steal them as they were being moved. Part of Young's plan to defend and keep safe the church members was to stop all trade and exchange with the Ute
Indians, as to avoid any confrontation with them. However, it was difficult to completely avoid all confrontation. There were instances in which settlers would sneak into the Indian camps and find stolen livestock, and when they found the people who did it, many times they would kill the Indians. Both sides would continue to provoke and anger each other for a long time. Although there were various murders from both the Utes and the settlers, rarely, if ever, was there ever a large confrontation of the two groups that would be considered a battle. They are described more like raids or small conflicts than a traditional war.
249:, commanded a number of troops to go and attempt to stop the Utes, who they believed were marching to attack a town of members of the LDS Church. Wells was specific in his instruction to not attack the Utes, but to try to capture Chief Wakara, while trying to keep peace. This did not happen, because the orders given by Wells were not received in time. A man named Colonel Conover took the group of troops and attacked, not knowing of the orders from Wells. He went with a group of about one hundred and fifty armed men to pursue these Native Americans. The effects of this event were very large and severe. This event led to many months of attacks from both the Utes and the settlers.
262:
Then, Chief Wakara decided that he wanted to stop the violence and make peace with the settlers. So, on multiple occasions he attempted at making peace. However, Chief Wakara wanted payments through cattle, guns, whiskey, and many gifts if peace were to be made. On May 11, 1854, the war was officially ended. Chief Wakara and
Brigham Young met and came to an agreement and decided to end the bloodshed. The specifics of the agreement are not exactly known, as there is no copy of the proceedings of the treaty to be found. However, there have been some pieces of evidence that show that there were some gifts given for horses that had been stolen.
207:
148:
101:
128:, who was revered among them as a prophet. The Mormon settlers did not account for the indigenous tribes of the Goshute, Ute, and Shoshone whose territory they were wanting to settle outside the Salt Lake Valley, which led to protracted, and at times violent, conflicts. The Salt Lake Valley was claimed by none of the four surrounding tribes, making it an ideal settling place for the early members of the LDS Church.
858:
868:
28:
1940:
202:
There were many small disputes regarding the distribution of the land in the Salt Lake Valley. The Paiute
Indians frequently went on raids, stealing horses from other tribes and settlers and growing their herds. Chief Wakara led some of the most profitable raids in that region, notably increasing the
270:
Although the war had officially ended, that did not mean that there would be no violence between the Utes and the settlers. Chief Wakara would end up dying in 1855, and the peace would then be lost again. The bloodshed between the settlers would continue in following years. Members of the LDS Church
237:
The Walker War is not necessarily considered a war, rather more a series of raid attempts of the Utes on the settlers. These raids led the members of the LDS Church to come back at the Utes with force as well. However, that was not the original intent of the religious settlers. Their original intent
261:
The Utes gave the members of the LDS Church various chances to pay for their wrongdoings, yet many times the church members could not provide what the Utes asked for, or they did not believe that they owed the Utes anything. So, the battles would continue from the latter part of 1853 to early 1854.
257:
were to be taught well their lesson so that they would then obey the orders. Members of the church began to move all of their cattle and livestock to Salt Lake to be able to protect them. The Ute
Indians decided to use this to their advantage. They would begin to raid these groups of livestock and
222:
Things escalated on July 17, 1853, when Paiute
Indians were trading near James Ivie's cabin. A dispute ensued when a Paiute man began beating his wife over a transaction and tried taking it into Ivie's home. This dispute resulted in Ivie killing one of the men present, a relative of Wakara’s named
218:
When the Mormon settlers came, there was an assumption that things would continue to go on as they had been and that there would be a sharing of the land. What the Paiute
Indians did not understand was that the settlers were there to stay, and that the pioneers would claim ownership over the lands
189:
Wakara and his band had a profitable slave trade with
Mexican traders before the arrival of the Mormons. They traded captives, mostly women and children from the weaker nomadic Paiute and Goshute tribes, with the Mexicans for goods. In order to increase economic wealth, Chief Wakara pressured the
252:
After hearing about this incident, Brigham Young sent a letter of apology for what had happened to Chief Wakara. He even included some tobacco with his letter so that Wakara might accept it better. From this moment on, the members of the LDS Church would put in a strict defense system to protect
193:
Although initially opposed to the idea, Brigham Young advised the
Mormons to purchase the slaves and raise them as their own children. Young viewed this as a way to purchase the slaves' freedom, believing it to be the moral duty of the settlers to raise the children as Mormons. The relationships
91:
in that area. They subsisted mainly on a hunter-gatherer diet, roaming the land to find the sustenance and supplies that they needed to survive. This was greatly aided by the influence of horses in the Ute culture, especially with Wakara as chief. He was known as the "Napoleon of the Desert", a
162:
In the years following the arrival of the
Mormons in the Salt Lake Valley, tensions began to build between the settlers and the Paiutes. The Mormons, led by Brigham Young, believed that the indigenous peoples they encountered were descendants of an ancient splinter group of Hebrews called the
275:, which took place just a year after the death of Chief Wakara. Although the war was not primarily between the two groups, yet the Utes were stealing some livestock of the settlers, which would lead to the violence. They would also meet again in the
59:
and surrounding areas. This war is characterized as a string of disputes and skirmishes over property and the land from July 1853 to May 1854. This war was influenced by factors such as religious differences, the slave trade, and the division of the
647:
175:. Informed by the church's doctrine at the time, the Mormon settlers believed that the indigenous inhabitants needed to be converted to Mormonism in order to receive spiritual salvation; Chief Wakara himself had been converted.
704:
640:
120:, began to arrive in Utah and settle the land around 1847. The pioneers were fleeing from religious persecution in Illinois and Missouri and believed that religious freedom would be found outside the United States in
633:
92:
nickname given for his cunning and strategy in horse raids. Wakara's band had a very profitable slave trade with the
Spaniards, in which they traded captives from other tribes for European goods.
83:
language family. It is thought that Wakara went by that name because of his preference for yellow buckskin. The physical characteristics of the land largely separated Wakara's band from other
75:
was a leader of the Ute Native Americans in Utah. He was also known as Wakarum, Walkara, Walkar, Wacker, Wacherr, Watcher, and his white name Walker. Wakara means "yellow" or "brass" in the
279:
a few years later. The violence finally stopped when the U.S. Government removed the Native Americans from the area, effectively stopping the bloodshed between the settlers and the Utes.
1852:
1727:
219:
that they settled. Frequent Indian raids on the settlers' cattle and horses led to conflicts between Wakara's band and Brigham Young with the rest of the Mormon settlers.
355:
697:
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113:
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Shower-O-Cats. Indian tradition called for Ivie's death, which began a series of skirmishes and confrontations known as Wakara's War, or the Walker War.
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1974:
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Mormon settlers to engage in his prospering slave trade, threatening to kill the slaves unless the settlers bought them.
1789:
1480:
194:
between the settlers and the purchased slaves ranged from familial relations to treating the slaves as house servants.
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was to use a plan to defend themselves and attempt to improve their relations with the Utes.
1925:
1747:
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88:
61:
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1207:
1182:
1152:
1114:
1099:
1026:
1011:
945:
843:
242:
117:
1079:
1767:
1639:
1252:
1237:
1177:
927:
838:
823:
771:
232:
168:
1958:
1690:
1654:
1594:
1525:
1202:
1129:
1124:
1094:
1016:
890:
828:
151:
125:
27:
1867:
1722:
1287:
1212:
1187:
1172:
1119:
1069:
965:
818:
172:
359:
1944:
1900:
1619:
1257:
1232:
1217:
1197:
1109:
1084:
105:
80:
56:
31:
Mud walls constructed around Provo Utah in 1853 to protect against Indian raids.
112:
Wakara was the chief of the Paiute Indians at the time that the members of the
1757:
1586:
1222:
1192:
913:
272:
214:
exaggerates the portrayal of Plains Indians chasing buffalo over a small cliff
84:
48:
545:
476:
1634:
1242:
740:
675:
578:. Utah State Department of Cultural and Community Engagement. Archived from
164:
607:
499:
391:
319:
17:
1779:
813:
730:
680:
553:
373:
484:
72:
104:
Nameless Indian with European settlers at Pioneer Heritage Gardens in
537:
450:
167:, who were the primary antagonists in a book of scripture called the
124:. The Mormons were led west from Illinois by their religious leader,
52:
468:
513:
511:
509:
253:
themselves. Those who did not abide by the orders of the church's
205:
146:
99:
76:
26:
298:
The Walker war, by Henry Harris, Jr. An interview by Floyd O'Neil
1051:
970:
917:
882:
271:
and the Utes would find themselves in conflict again during the
886:
629:
171:, that they believed was translated by the religion's founder,
502:. Utah State Department of Cultural and Community Engagement.
361:
Go East, Young Man: Imagining the American West as the Orient
610:. Utah State Department of Cultural and Community Engagement
35:
Series of violent raids between Mormons and Native Americans
657:
Native American people and the Latter Day Saint movement
520:"The Walker War: Defense and Conciliation as Strategy"
565:
563:
449:
Pilling, Arnold R.; Stone, Conway B. (January 1963).
436:
The Book of Mormon: Another Testament of Jesus Christ
1728:
Mormon settlement techniques of the Salt Lake Valley
1883:
1808:
1703:
1663:
1585:
1562:
1524:
1471:
1464:
1306:
1138:
1060:
999:
936:
806:
785:
754:
718:
663:
356:"Chosen People, Chosen Land: Utah as the Holy Land"
601:
599:
597:
300:. Utah Historical Quarterly, volume Vol. 39,no.2.
898:
641:
8:
241:Towards the end of July 1853, Major General
1496:Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument
407:"These Noble Pioneers - Gordon B. Hinckley"
354:Francaviglia, Richard (December 14, 2011).
114:Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1468:
905:
891:
883:
648:
634:
626:
116:(LDS Church), commonly referred to as the
1773:Utah Territory in the American Civil War
1853:Colorado Plateau and Canyonlands region
500:"Utah, the Right Place; The Walker War"
498:Alexander, Thomas G. (April 21, 2016).
288:
1572:Flaming Gorge National Recreation Area
518:Christy, Howard A. (January 1, 1979).
1676:Golden Spike National Historical Park
313:
311:
309:
307:
7:
1577:Glen Canyon National Recreation Area
343:. San Antonio: Naylor Co. p. 2.
1891:America's Freedom Festival at Provo
122:lands at the time claimed by Mexico
872:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
318:Wimmer, Ryan (December 13, 2010).
25:
1858:Wasatch and Uinta montane forests
1516:Timpanogos Cave National Monument
1506:Natural Bridges National Monument
1938:
1511:Rainbow Bridge National Monument
866:
857:
856:
203:head count in his band's herd.
1975:Native American history of Utah
1863:Rocky Mountain Floristic Region
1486:Cedar Breaks National Monument
671:Mormon teachings on skin color
1:
1481:Bears Ears National Monument
324:(Master of History thesis).
266:The Repercussions of the war
1763:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
1501:Hovenweep National Monument
321:The Walker War Reconsidered
1991:
1718:Black Hawk War (1865–1872)
1549:Capitol Reef National Park
1539:Bryce Canyon National Park
1491:Dinosaur National Monument
798:Salt Creek Canyon massacre
726:Black Hawk War (1865–1872)
693:History of slavery in Utah
230:
182:
135:
47:was a dispute between the
1934:
1911:Utah Shakespeare Festival
1733:Runaway Officials of 1851
1625:Park City Mountain Resort
1564:National recreation areas
1544:Canyonlands National Park
924:
852:
570:Weiser-Alexander, Kathy.
525:Utah Historical Quarterly
339:Sonne, Conway B. (1962).
132:Events leading to the war
1906:Utah...This Is the Place
1645:Solitude Mountain Resort
710:Indian Placement Program
415:Brigham Young University
326:Brigham Young University
247:Utah Territorial Militia
1970:1850s in Utah Territory
1686:Lagoon (amusement park)
956:Congressional districts
793:Fountain Green massacre
1090:Great Salt Lake Desert
215:
159:
109:
32:
1831:Butterflies and moths
1753:Territorial evolution
1671:Bonneville Salt Flats
1605:Brian Head Ski Resort
762:Battle Creek massacre
688:Mormonism and slavery
606:Alexander, Thomas G.
366:Utah State University
209:
185:Mormonism and slavery
150:
143:Religious differences
103:
30:
1800:2002 Winter Olympics
1534:Arches National Park
777:Circleville Massacre
767:Provo River massacre
705:Interracial marriage
405:Hinckley, Gordon B.
198:Division of the land
1640:Snowbird Ski Resort
1610:Brighton Ski Resort
786:Massacre of Mormons
755:Massacre by Mormons
746:Bear River Massacre
582:on October 17, 2020
374:10.2307/j.ctt4cgphg
296:Harris, H. (1971).
212:Alfred Jacob Miller
138:Battle at Fort Utah
1615:Cherry Peak Resort
1554:Zion National Park
1473:National monuments
1168:Cottonwood Heights
698:Indian Slavery Act
576:Utah State History
572:"1853: Walker War"
216:
160:
110:
33:
1952:
1951:
1699:
1698:
880:
879:
451:"World of Wakara"
383:978-0-87421-811-4
210:This painting by
158:of the LDS Church
16:(Redirected from
1982:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1926:Moab Jeep Safari
1795:Women's suffrage
1748:State of Deseret
1713:African American
1469:
1298:West Valley City
1105:San Rafael Swell
1075:Colorado Plateau
907:
900:
893:
884:
870:
860:
859:
650:
643:
636:
627:
620:
619:
617:
615:
608:"The Walker War"
603:
592:
591:
589:
587:
567:
558:
557:
538:10.2307/45060728
515:
504:
503:
495:
489:
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456:Western Folklore
446:
440:
439:
432:
426:
425:
423:
421:
402:
396:
395:
351:
345:
344:
336:
330:
329:
315:
302:
301:
293:
255:First Presidency
89:Shoshone Indians
62:Salt Lake Valley
43:, also known as
21:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1945:Utah portal
1939:
1937:
1930:
1896:Mormon foodways
1879:
1873:Jardine Juniper
1809:Flora and fauna
1804:
1695:
1681:Great Salt Lake
1659:
1650:Sundance Resort
1630:Powder Mountain
1600:Beaver Mountain
1581:
1558:
1520:
1465:Important sites
1460:
1302:
1268:South Salt Lake
1134:
1115:Uinta Mountains
1100:Monument Valley
1056:
995:
932:
920:
911:
881:
876:
848:
844:Larry Echo Hawk
802:
781:
750:
714:
659:
654:
624:
623:
613:
611:
605:
604:
595:
585:
583:
569:
568:
561:
517:
516:
507:
497:
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469:10.2307/1496753
448:
447:
443:
438:. pp. vii.
434:
433:
429:
419:
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399:
384:
353:
352:
348:
341:World of Wakara
338:
337:
333:
317:
316:
305:
295:
294:
290:
285:
268:
243:Daniel H. Wells
235:
229:
200:
187:
181:
145:
140:
134:
118:Mormon pioneers
98:
96:Mormon pioneers
70:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1988:
1986:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
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1898:
1893:
1887:
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1833:
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1810:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1768:Utah Territory
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1738:Salt Lake City
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1697:
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1607:
1602:
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1574:
1568:
1566:
1560:
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1557:
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1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1526:National parks
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1477:
1475:
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1378:
1373:
1368:
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1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1253:Salt Lake City
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1228:Pleasant Grove
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1140:Largest cities
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
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1092:
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988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
951:Climate change
948:
942:
940:
934:
933:
928:Salt Lake City
925:
922:
921:
912:
910:
909:
902:
895:
887:
878:
877:
875:
874:
864:
853:
850:
849:
847:
846:
841:
839:Tony Tillohash
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
814:Chief Sagwitch
810:
808:
804:
803:
801:
800:
795:
789:
787:
783:
782:
780:
779:
774:
772:Nephi massacre
769:
764:
758:
756:
752:
751:
749:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
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720:
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707:
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695:
685:
684:
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678:
667:
665:
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645:
638:
630:
622:
621:
593:
559:
532:(4): 395–420.
505:
490:
441:
427:
397:
382:
346:
331:
303:
287:
286:
284:
281:
277:Black Hawk War
267:
264:
233:Nephi massacre
228:
227:During the war
225:
199:
196:
180:
177:
169:Book of Mormon
144:
141:
133:
130:
97:
94:
79:branch of the
69:
66:
34:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1987:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1947:
1946:
1933:
1927:
1924:
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1919:
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1914:
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1148:American Fork
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1125:Wasatch Front
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1095:Mojave Desert
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152:Brigham Young
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126:Brigham Young
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29:
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1936:
1790:World War II
1785:Wakara's War
1784:
1723:Mormon Trail
1283:Taylorsville
1273:Spanish Fork
1263:South Jordan
1120:Wasatch Back
1070:Cache Valley
1042:Homelessness
1022:Demographics
926:
824:Chief Kanosh
736:Wakara's War
735:
612:. Retrieved
584:. Retrieved
580:the original
575:
529:
523:
493:
460:
454:
444:
435:
430:
420:November 26,
418:. Retrieved
411:BYU Speeches
410:
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360:
349:
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334:
320:
297:
291:
269:
260:
251:
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236:
221:
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201:
192:
188:
173:Joseph Smith
161:
111:
71:
68:Chief Wakara
55:settlers in
45:Walker's War
44:
41:Wakara's War
40:
39:
37:
1901:Pioneer Day
1620:Deer Valley
1587:Ski resorts
1293:West Jordan
1278:Springville
1110:Uinta Basin
1085:Great Basin
1047:LGBT rights
961:Earthquakes
614:October 12,
586:October 12,
392:j.ctt4cgphg
179:Slave trade
106:Manti, Utah
81:Uto-Aztecan
57:Utah Valley
1959:Categories
1916:State fair
1758:Tintic War
1446:Washington
1248:St. George
1163:Clearfield
1158:Cedar City
986:Healthcare
976:Government
819:Chief Tuba
283:References
273:Tintic War
231:See also:
183:See also:
136:See also:
49:Ute people
18:Walker War
1821:Arachnids
1635:Snowbasin
1401:Salt Lake
1321:Box Elder
1208:Millcreek
1183:Kaysville
1153:Bountiful
1032:Education
981:Governors
971:Geography
931:(capital)
834:Kahpeputz
741:Posey War
719:Conflicts
676:Lamanites
546:0042-143X
477:0043-373X
463:(1): 63.
245:, of the
165:Lamanites
156:president
1841:Mollusks
1780:Utah War
1406:San Juan
1356:Garfield
1346:Duchesne
1308:Counties
1238:Riverton
1178:Holladay
1052:Politics
1037:Gun laws
1007:Abortion
862:Category
731:Ute Wars
681:Nephites
664:Overview
554:45060728
51:and the
1921:Symbols
1884:Culture
1836:Mammals
1743:Slavery
1705:History
1441:Wasatch
1411:Sanpete
1381:Millard
1336:Daggett
1203:Midvale
1062:Regions
1027:Economy
1012:Culture
1000:Society
946:Outline
485:1496753
1965:Paiute
1431:Uintah
1426:Tooele
1421:Summit
1416:Sevier
1386:Morgan
1331:Carbon
1316:Beaver
1288:Tooele
1213:Murray
1188:Layton
1173:Draper
991:People
938:Topics
807:People
552:
544:
483:
475:
390:
380:
154:, 2nd
73:Wakara
53:Mormon
1868:Pando
1848:Flora
1826:Birds
1816:Fauna
1664:Other
1456:Weber
1451:Wayne
1391:Piute
1361:Grand
1351:Emery
1341:Davis
1326:Cache
1258:Sandy
1233:Provo
1218:Ogden
1198:Logan
1080:Dixie
1017:Crime
914:State
550:JSTOR
481:JSTOR
388:JSTOR
77:Numic
1436:Utah
1396:Rich
1376:Kane
1371:Juab
1366:Iron
1223:Orem
1193:Lehi
966:Flag
918:Utah
616:2020
588:2020
542:ISSN
473:ISSN
422:2020
378:ISBN
87:and
1243:Roy
916:of
534:doi
465:doi
370:doi
85:Ute
1961::
596:^
574:.
562:^
548:.
540:.
530:47
528:.
522:.
508:^
479:.
471:.
461:22
459:.
453:.
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368:.
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358:.
306:^
64:.
906:e
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649:e
642:t
635:v
618:.
590:.
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536::
487:.
467::
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394:.
372::
328:.
108:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
