537:"The Indians about here are tolerably stout, have black hair with a long, lock which they let hang on one side of the head. Their hair is shorn on the top of the head like a cock's comb. Their clothing is a coat of beaver skins over the body, with the fur inside in winter and outside in summer; they have, also, sometimes a bear's hide, or a coat of the skins of wild cats, or hefspanen , which is an animal most as hairy as a wild cat, and is also very good to eat. They also wear coats of turkey feathers, which they know how to put together. Their pride is to paint their faces strangely with red or black lead, so that they look like fiends. Some of the women are very well featured, having long countenances. Their hair hangs loose from their head; they are very foul and dirty; they sometimes paint their faces, and draw a black ring around their eyes."
762:
48:
608:
995:
2121:, Vol II, ed. F. W. Hodge, Museum of the American Indian, Haye Foundation, New York, 1919-20: "If the Pachami therefore were part of the Tankiteke they were probably that portion of the group which occupied the wild interior country around Ridgefield, Danbury, North Salem, and Carmel, and thus were in close contact with the Nochpeem of Putnam county and the Kitchawank of Cortlandt, whose chieftains agreed to the surrender of Pacham" .
423:
487:, with larger villages located at the river mouths. Settlements near fresh water and arable land could remain in one location for about 20 years, until the people moved to another place some miles away. Despite many references to their villages and other site types by early European explorers and settlers, few contact-period sites have been identified in southeastern New York.
576:, a three-day engagement that left an estimated 100 settlers and 60 Wappinger dead, and strained relations further between the two groups. After the war, the confederation broke apart, and many of the surviving Wappinger left their native lands for the protection of neighboring tribes, settling in particular in the "prayer town"
661:"frauds and abuses of Indian lands...complained of in the American colonies, and in this colony in particular." And that, "the conduct of the lieutenant-governor and the council...does carry with it the colour of great prejudice and partiality, and of an intention to intimidate these Indians from prosecuting their claims."
357:
Wappink, Wappings, Wappingers, Wappingoes, Wawpings, Pomptons, Wapings, Opings, Opines, Massaco, Menunkatuck, Naugatuck, Nochpeem, Wangunk
Wappans, Wappings, Wappinghs, Wapanoos, Wappanoos, Wappinoo, Wappenos, Wappinoes, Wappinex, Wappinx, Wapingeis, Wabinga, Wabingies, Wapingoes, Wapings, Wappinges,
732:
From that time the
Wappinger ceased to have an independent name in history, and their people intermarried with others. A few scattered remnants still remained. As late as 1811, a small band was recorded as having a settlement on a low tract of land by the side of a brook, under a high hill in the
524:
or Indian wheate whereof they make good bread. The country is full of great and tall oakes. This day many of the people came aboord, some in mantles of feathers, and some in skinnes of divers sorts of good furres. Some women also came to us with hempe. They had red copper tabacco pipes and other
352:
is unknown. While the present-day spelling was used as early as 1643, countless alternate phonetic spellings were also used by early
European settlers well into the late 19th century. Each linguistic group tended to transliterate Native American names according to their own languages. Among these
482:
The
Wappinger had summer and winter camps. As agriculturists, they cultivated maize, beans, and various species of squash. They also hunted game, fished the rivers and streams, collected shellfish, and gathered fruits, flowers, seeds, roots, and nuts. By 1609, the Wappingers' earliest recorded
2182:
The name of the Indian band has variously been spelled
Wiechquaeskeck, Wechquaesqueck, Weckquaesqueek, Wecquaesgeek, Weekquaesguk, Wickquasgeck, Wickquasgek, Wiequaeskeek, Wiequashook, and Wiquaeskec. The spelling given here is one widely used for the original name of
473:
to the southeast on Long Island, and the remaining New
England tribes to the east. Like the Lenape, the Wappinger were highly decentralized as a people. They formed approximately 18 loosely associated bands that had established geographic territories.
673:
argued that legal title to the land was only a secondary concern. He said that returning the land to the
Indians would set an adverse precedent regarding other similar disputes. Nimham did not give up the cause. When the opportunity to serve with the
245:
to the southeast on Long Island, and the remaining New
England tribes to the east. Like the Lenape, the Wappinger were highly decentralized as a people. They formed numerous loosely associated bands that had established geographic territories.
568:
of the
Iroquois nations in central and western New York, the Dutch defeated the Wappinger by 1645. The Mohawk and Dutch killed more than 1500 Wappinger during the two years of the war. This was a devastating toll for the Wappinger.
269:
Long after their original settlements had been decimated by wars with the colonists, wars with other Indian tribes, questionable land sales, waves of diseases brought by the
Europeans, and absorption into other tribes, their last
541:
As the Dutch began to settle in the area, they pressured the Connecticut Wappinger to sell their lands and seek refuge with other Algonquian-speaking tribes. The western bands, however, stood their ground amid rising tensions.
397:, meaning "weapon-bearers", alluding to the warring relationship between the Dutch and the Wappinger. Such reference would correspond to a first appearance in 1643. This was thirty-four years after the Dutch aboard
2187:
in lower Manhattan: "The Wickquasgeck Trail." The meaning of the name, however spelled, has been given as "the end of the marsh, swamp or wet meadow," "place of the bark kettle," and "birch bark country."
328:
From that time, the Wappinger ceased to have an independent name in history, and their people intermarried with others. Their descendants were subsequently relocated to a Stockbridge-Munsee reservation in
1372:
752:
reside mostly there on a reservation, where they operate a casino. In 2010 the tribe was awarded two tiny parcels suitable for casinos in New York State in return for dropping larger land claims there.
2013:
Murray, Jean and Osborn, Penny Ann. “Indians Who Lived Here Centuries Ago.” An Historic Biographical Profile of the Town of Kent, Putnam County, New York, Town of Kent Bicentennial Committee, 1976
924:
Tankiteke, also "Pachami" and "Pachani", central coastal and extreme western Fairfield County, Connecticut, north to Danbury, north and west into northern Westchester County, New York, eastern
1241:"Footprints of the Red Men: Indian Geographical Names in the Valley of Hudson's River, the Valley of the Mohawk, and on the Delaware: Their location and the probable meaning of some of them"
2394:
520:, and gave us of it for knives and beads. They goe in deere skins loose, well dressed. They have yellow copper. They desire cloathes, and are very civill ... They have great store of
2409:
2419:
2026:
1913:
Note that this is a romanticized modern depiction of an idealized "American Indian" of the Northeastern woods, and not an accurate representation of Nimham or his dress.
2389:
678:
in the American Revolution arose, he chose it over the British in the hopes of receiving fairer treatment by the American government in its aftermath. It was not to be.
1539:
2199:
333:. The tribe operates a casino there, and in 2010 was awarded two tiny parcels suitable for casinos in New York State in return for dropping larger land claims there.
825:, site of the oldest oyster-shell middens found on the North Atlantic Coast. There they built a large, fortified village, called Navish, at the neck of Croton Point.
2404:
642:. Britain had controlled former "Dutch" lands in New York since 1664. Nimham was then living in Stockbridge, but he was originally from the Wappinger settlement of
2414:
2133::Tankitele mainly in Fairfield County, Connecticut, between Five Mile River and Fairfield, extending inland to Danbury and even into Putnam and Dutchess Counties
2379:
2374:
1510:. Documents relative to the colonial history of the State of New York procured in Holland, England and France. Vol. 5. Albany, NY: Weed, Parsons & Co.
1931:
761:
47:
525:
things of copper they did wear about their neckes. At night they went on land againe, so wee rode very quite, but durst not trust them" (Juet 1959:28).
340:(or emblem) of the Wappinger was the "enchanted wolf," with the right paw raised defiantly. By one account, they shared this totem with the Mohicans.
406:
may have learned the name the people called themselves. The 1643 date reflects a period of great conflict with the natives, including the preemptive
2444:
2424:
2399:
2002:
1318:
512:, provides an account in his journal of some of the lower Hudson Valley Native Americans. In his entries for September 4 and 5, 1609, he says:
2439:
2384:
2339:
2318:
2284:
1806:
1598:
1564:
1418:
654:, who were generally sympathetic to his claims, but did not arrange for the Wappinger to regain any land after he returned to North America.
184:
1746:
769:("New Netherland and New England", and also parts of Virginia, a 1685 revision by Petrus Schenk Junior of a 1656 map by Nicolaes Visscher)
841:, in southern portions of present-day Dutchess and western and northern Putnam counties, New York. Their tribal fire at one point was in
2429:
2294:
Hauptman, Laurence M. (2017). "The Road to Kingsbridge: Daniel Nimham and the Stockbridge Indian Company in the American Revolution".
1993:
Historical and Genealogical Record Dutchess and Putnam Counties, New York, Press of the A. V. Haight Co., Poughkeepsie, New York, 1912
1413:. Vol. Part 2 (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology. pp. 913, 1167, 1169.
1967:
1941:
1898:
1873:
1831:
1642:
1515:
1284:
1152:
169:
2103:
2060:
958:(Wiechquaeskeck, Wickquasgeck, Weckquaesgeek), southwestern Westchester County, New York, originally centered on the mouth of the
607:
2434:
2034:
2210:
2003:"Mt. Nimham: The Ridge of Patriots", Thomas F. Maxon, Rangerville Press, Kent, New York, 2005, p. 25, citing Murray and Osborn
1245:
Proceedings of the New York State Historical Association - the Annual Meeting, with Constitution, By-Laws and List of Members
2235:
1984:"In this fray the power of the tribe was forever broken. More than forty of the Indians were killed or desperately wounded."
1588:
1274:
2364:
918:
856:
811:
2074:"1638- Colonists from Massachusetts Met the Quinnipiac Indians", The Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Connecticut
866:
818:
749:
666:
505:. The total population of the Wappinger people at that time has been estimated at between 3,000 and 13,200 individuals.
447:
211:
199:
178:
95:
2308:
2369:
1092:
This may well be the same place described as the settlement where David Nimham stayed during his annual pilgrimage up
773:
While Edward Manning Ruttenber suggested in 1872 that there had been a Wappinger Confederacy, as did anthropologist
697:
on August 30, 1778. It proved an irrevocable blow to the tribe, which had also been decimated by European diseases.
1956:
1674:
1029:
1018:
822:
710:
686:
577:
306:
275:
257:
near today's New York City, were among the first to be recorded encountering European adventurers and traders when
31:
2102:
and extending westward over the Connecticut line is clearly labeled on the 1685 revision by Petrus Schenk Junior,
1914:
979:
904:
330:
231:
203:
561:, most burned alive in a surprise attack upon their sacred wintering ground. It was a severe blow to the tribe.
530:
223:
1408:
1240:
557:. The Dutch responded with the March 1644 slaughter of between 500 and 700 members of Wappinger bands in the
2272:
1081:
994:
925:
738:
714:
516:"This day the people of the country came aboord of us, seeming very glad of our comming, and brought greene
310:
207:
1918:
283:
386:
of the name coming from a word meaning "easterner," as suggested by Edward Manning Ruttenber in 1906 and
282:
had traveled to Great Britain in the 1760s to argue for a return of tribal lands, and served in both the
2173:
Indian Names of Places, Etc., in and on the Borders of Connecticut: With Interpretations of Some of Them
2098:
Their presence just inland of the east bank of the Hudson River in today's Westchester County below the
945:
885:
1554:
1096:
to survey all he claimed to still be Wappinger territory; it is described as "an area west of today's
2184:
1035:
1000:
803:
558:
1329:
948:
and Wethersfield, but were displaced by settlers and relocated to land around the oxbow bend in the
1061:
1012:
975:
690:
689:. Nimham, his son and heir Abraham, and some forty warriors were killed or mortally wounded in the
682:
295:
291:
287:
227:
553:
in 1643, the remaining Wappinger bands united against the Dutch, attacking settlements throughout
2359:
1533:
726:
647:
643:
483:
European contact, their settlements included camps along the major rivers between the Hudson and
455:
451:
322:
122:
66:
1865:
1859:
580:
in the western part of the colony, where Natives had settled who had converted to Christianity.
1982:
2335:
2314:
2280:
2243:
1963:
1937:
1894:
1869:
1827:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1638:
1594:
1560:
1511:
1414:
1280:
1148:
949:
807:
639:
387:
2073:
1765:
744:
Later in the early 19th century, the Stockbridge-Munsee in New York were forced to remove to
274:
and a group of their heavily dwindled people were residing at the "prayer town" sanctuary of
2099:
2056:
1097:
971:
852:
832:
675:
670:
546:
501:
484:
407:
402:
262:
219:
188:
137:
82:
2177:
1023:
862:
797:
597:
593:
589:
459:
427:
367:
181:
99:
1505:
1093:
1222:
1168:
1051:
959:
842:
734:
651:
554:
550:
411:
383:
1917:
is contemporary rendering of a Stockbridge warrior in 1778; Nimham died as one at the
2353:
1057:
1039:
718:
635:
623:
611:
601:
565:
314:
279:
78:
899:, also Sinsink, Sinck Sinck, and Sint Sinck, origin of the name of the penitentiary
600:
land but lost. In the aftermath the Philipses raised rents on the European-American
967:
955:
793:
778:
774:
496:
398:
363:
258:
254:
2171:
1054:(1745–1778), captain in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War
290:(in support of the Colonists). He died with his son Abraham in a slaughter of the
2329:
1824:
The Restless City: A Short History of New York from Colonial Times to the Present
1142:
533:
recorded another description of the Wappinger who resided around Fort Amsterdam:
941:
881:
250:
192:
884:, were a sub-group of the Quinnipiac, living along the coast in present-day in
422:
206:, but their territory included the east bank of the Hudson in what became both
52:
Wappinger territory (in center, "Wappinges"), from a 1685 reprint of a 1656 map
1357:
990:
874:
470:
242:
2247:
1206:
2117:"A Montauk Cemetery at Easthampton, Long Island", Foster Harmon Saville, in
1959:
New World Orders: Violence, Sanction, and Authority in the Colonial Americas
917:, and interior southernmost Westchester County, New York, into southwestern
914:
900:
848:
745:
657:
The Lords of Trade reported that there was sufficient cause to investigate
573:
2144:
1979:
Historical and Genealogical Record Dutchess and Putnam Counties, New York,
1319:"Grumet, Robert S. "The Nimhams of the Colonial Hudson Valley 1667-1783",
17:
896:
838:
278:. A stalwart spokesman for Native American concerns and valiant soldier,
2176:. Hartford: Press of the Case, Lockwood & Brainard Company. p.
1682:
1007:
The Wappinger are the namesake of several areas in New York, including:
1981:
Press of the A. V. Haight Co., Poughkeepsie, New York, 1912; pp. 62-79
1747:"Short Historical and Journale Notes by David Pietersz, De Vries, 1665"
963:
937:
910:
828:
706:
517:
466:
379:
302:
238:
907:, east of the Hudson River in present-day Westchester County, New York
705:
Following the American Revolutionary War, what was left of a combined
2084:
1658:
1186:
931:
785:
722:
631:
627:
615:
443:
439:
431:
375:
318:
271:
30:
This article is about the Native American tribe. For other uses, see
781:
contests their view. He writes that no evidence supports this idea.
382:", might be related to the name Wappinger. No evidence supports the
495:
The Wappinger first came into contact with Europeans in 1609, when
1556:
Native New Yorkers, the legacy of the Algonquin people of New York
1358:"Death In the Bronx, The Stockbridge Indian Massacre August, 1778"
1247:. 7th Annual. New York State Historical Association: 40 (RA1–PA38)
760:
694:
606:
521:
421:
337:
215:
2302:(3). Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian: 34–39.
2059:
is clearly labeled on the 1685 revision by Petrus Schenk Junior,
1933:
Transatlantic Encounters: American Indians in Britain, 1500-1776
966:, and ranging south into the western Bronx along the Hudson and
393:
Others suggest that Wappinger is anglicized from the Dutch word
2027:"Levine, David. "Discover the Hudson Valley's Tribal History",
1504:
Brodhead, John Romeyn, Agent (1986) . O'Callaghan, E.B. (ed.).
1373:
Gale Courey Toensing, "Seneca Upset Over N.Y. Casino Agreement"
970:
rivers. Had hunting grounds on the northern three-quarters of
161:
940:, also sometimes called the "Mattabesset", they lived in the
765:
Wappinger bands appear east of the Hudson on this excerpt of
202:
in the 17th century they were primarily based in what is now
2279:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 213–39.
630:
of the Wappinger, was part of a delegation that traveled to
871:
Poquonock, western present-day Hartford County, Connecticut
934:, Farmington, in southwestern Hartford County, Connecticut
665:
Upon a second hearing before New York Provincial Governor
158:
146:
1439:
1437:
458:, with the Wappinger dialect most closely related to the
152:
1298:
1296:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
944:
area in central Connecticut. Originally located around
2277:
Handbook of North American Indians: Northeast, Vol. 15
1080:
Then part of Dutchess County, but subsequently all of
721:
there. There they were joined by the remnants of the
317:
there. There they were joined by the remnants of the
170:
155:
143:
1180:
1178:
149:
1753:. 1894–95. Toronto: Warwick Bros. & Rutter: 75.
1726:
Eugene J. Boesch, Native Americans of Putnam County
893:
Sicaog, in present-day Hartford County, Connecticut
140:
115:
105:
89:
72:
57:
792:Wappinger (proper), lived on the east side of the
1635:From Abbotts to Zurich: New York State Placenames
564:Allied with their trading partners, the powerful
2395:Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands
784:The suggested bands of the Wappinger, headed by
572:The Wappinger faced the Dutch again in the 1655
1590:Native American placenames of the United States
1147:. St. Clair Shores, MI: Somerset. p. 295.
438:The Wappinger were most closely related to the
301:Following the war, what was left of a combined
1891:The Human Tradition in the American Revolution
1661:, one of the Lenape dialect groups, by author
1391:History of the Indian Tribes of Hudson's River
1593:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 548.
1234:
1232:
1230:
859:and western New Haven counties of Connecticut
748:. Today, members of the federally recognized
604:, sparking colonist riots across the region.
8:
1893:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 85–91.
1538:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1410:Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico
1360:, Richard S. Walling, americanrevolution.org
767:Novi Belgii Novæque Angliæ (Amsterdam, 1685)
638:for land rights and better treatment by the
253:, a Wappinger people living along the lower
40:
2410:Native American history of New York (state)
1936:. Cambridge University Press. p. 177.
1407:Hodge, Frederick Webb, ed. (October 1912).
1402:
1400:
1368:
1366:
877:, in central New Haven County, Connecticut
865:, east of the Connecticut River in eastern
2420:Native American tribes in New York (state)
2310:Native Languages of the Americas, Volume 2
2236:"Oldest Streets Are Protected as Landmark"
1957:Smolenski, John. and Humphrey, Thomas J.,
1637:. Syracuse University Press. p. 233.
1353:
1351:
1349:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
928:and southeastern Dutchess County, New York
650:on the Hudson. He argued before the royal
39:
2021:
2019:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1559:. Council Oaks Distribution. p. 28.
1313:
1311:
1100:, at the southwest base of the mountain."
499:expedition reached this territory on the
2390:History of Fairfield County, Connecticut
1961:, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013
1846:
1797:. Sterling Publishing Company. pp.
1662:
1207:"The $ 24 Swindle", Nathaniel Benchley,
2130:
1620:
1443:
1302:
1136:
1134:
1111:
1073:
806:, an eastern group at the mouth of the
646:, near the Dutch-founded settlement of
2405:Native American history of Connecticut
1531:
1507:London Documents: XVII-XXIV. 1707-1733
1491:
1479:
1467:
1455:
1125:
1060:(1726–1778), sachem and member of the
2415:Native American tribes in Connecticut
2334:. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Books.
2108:, of a 1656 map by Nicolaes Visscher.
1587:Bright, William (November 30, 2007).
1553:Pritchard, Evan T. (April 12, 2002).
1393:. Albany, NY: J. Munsell. p. 50.
426:The Wappinger spoke a dialect of the
234:, marked the end of their territory.
7:
2380:History of Dutchess County, New York
2375:History of Columbia County, New York
1323:, The Hudson River Valley Institute"
913:, southeast coastal Bronx as far as
788:, have been described as including:
588:In 1765, the remaining Wappinger in
73:Regions with significant populations
1864:. Oxford University Press. p.
1276:Indian Affairs in Colonial New York
2331:The Indian Tribes of North America
2055:Their presence just inland of the
1042:also follows their ancient trail.
974:, and ranged north to present-day
222:. To the east they reached to the
25:
1223:Native Americans of Putnam County
1064:in the American Revolutionary War
888:in New Haven County, Connecticut.
410:by the Dutch, which precipitated
187:people from what is now southern
1772:. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
993:
717:in western New York to join the
454:. They spoke using very similar
313:in western New York to join the
136:
46:
2234:Dunlap, David W. (1983-06-15).
2170:James Hammond Trumbull (1881).
1764:Pauls, Elizabeth Prine (2010).
508:Robert Juet, an officer on the
286:(on behalf of the English) and
2445:Extinct Native American tribes
2275:. In Trigger, Bruce G. (ed.).
1915:File:Stockbridge_1778.jpg This
1321:The Hudson River Valley Review
817:Kitchawank, lived in northern
465:Their nearest allies were the
237:Their nearest allies were the
214:counties south to the western
1:
2425:New Haven County, Connecticut
2400:Middlesex County, Connecticut
919:Fairfield County, Connecticut
733:northern part of the Town of
681:Many Wappinger served in the
529:Dutch navigator and colonist
2440:Westchester County, New York
2385:Hartford County, Connecticut
2307:Sebeok, Thomas, ed. (1977).
1861:Colonial New York: A History
1826:. CRC Press. pp. 9–10.
867:Hartford County, Connecticut
96:Eastern Algonquian languages
2328:Swanton, John Reed (1952).
2119:Indian Notes and Monographs
1822:Reitano, Joanne R. (2006).
1751:Annual Archæological Report
709:and Wappinger community in
446:. All three were among the
305:and Wappinger community in
111:traditional tribal religion
2461:
2430:People from New Netherland
2207:Ardsley Historical Society
2149:Yale Indian Papers Project
2143:Grant-Costa, Paul (2015).
2105:Novi Belgii Novæque Angliæ
2062:Novi Belgii Novæque Angliæ
1679:Mount Gulian Historic Site
1030:Briarcliff Manor, New York
823:Croton-on-Hudson, New York
821:, New York in the area of
711:Stockbridge, Massachusetts
578:Stockbridge, Massachusetts
450:-speaking subgroup of the
442:, a large subgroup of the
307:Stockbridge, Massachusetts
276:Stockbridge, Massachusetts
32:Wappinger (disambiguation)
29:
2313:. Springer. p. 380.
2198:Cohen, Doris Darlington.
2145:"The Wangunk Reservation"
1169:"Definition of WAPPINGER"
1141:Ricky, Donald B. (1999).
750:Stockbridge-Munsee Nation
353:spellings and terms are:
331:Shawano County, Wisconsin
232:Columbia County, New York
204:Dutchess County, New York
120:
110:
94:
77:
62:
45:
1858:Kammen, Michael (1996).
1657:They are referred to as
1389:Ruttenber, E.M. (1872).
1273:Trelease, Allen (1997).
1239:Ruttenber, E.M. (1906).
1211:, 1959, Vol. 11, Issue 1
224:Connecticut River Valley
2435:Putnam County, New York
1930:Vaughan, Alden (2006).
1889:Steele, Ian K. (2000).
1770:Encyclopædia Britannica
1675:"The Wappinger Indians"
1279:. U of Nebraska Press.
1082:Putnam County, New York
926:Putnam County, New York
921:at the Five Mile River.
358:Wapinger and Wappenger.
348:The origin of the name
226:, and to the north the
65:descendants joined the
2271:Goddard, Ives (1978).
2029:Hudson Valley Magazine
1791:Axelrod, Alan (2008).
1633:Vasiliev, Ren (2004).
1185:Sultzman, Lee (1997).
855:, present-day eastern
770:
663:
619:
539:
531:David Pieterz De Vries
527:
435:
284:French and Indian Wars
1919:Battle of Kingsbridge
1745:Boyle, David (1896).
764:
691:Battle of Kingsbridge
659:
610:
549:by colonists, during
535:
514:
425:
296:Battle of Kingsbridge
116:Related ethnic groups
27:Native American tribe
2365:Algonquian ethnonyms
1703:MacCracken 1956: 266
1377:Indian Country Today
1221:Boesch, Eugene, J.,
1001:Hudson Valley portal
559:Pound Ridge Massacre
2200:"The Weckquaesgeek"
1187:"Wappinger History"
1144:Indians of Maryland
1062:Stockbridge Militia
687:American Revolution
683:Stockbridge Militia
596:for control of the
292:Stockbridge Militia
288:American Revolution
228:Roeliff Jansen Kill
63:Extinct as a tribe,
42:
2370:Algonquian peoples
2240:The New York Times
1685:on August 18, 2019
819:Westchester County
771:
727:Stockbridge-Munsee
644:Wiccopee, New York
640:American colonists
620:
469:to the north, the
452:Algonquian peoples
448:Eastern Algonquian
436:
323:Stockbridge-Munsee
266:appeared in 1609.
241:to the north, the
179:Eastern Algonquian
123:Algonquian peoples
67:Stockbridge-Munsee
2341:978-0-8063-1730-4
2320:978-1-4757-1562-0
2286:978-0-1600-4575-2
2151:. Yale University
2086:Wappinger History
1808:978-1-4027-4768-7
1794:Profiles in Folly
1600:978-0-8061-3598-4
1566:978-1-57178-107-9
1420:978-1-4286-4558-5
1379:, 26 January 2011
1209:American Heritage
1046:Notable Wappinger
1028:Wappinger Trail,
950:Connecticut River
810:, in present-day
808:Connecticut River
669:and the council,
388:John Reed Swanton
128:
127:
16:(Redirected from
2452:
2345:
2324:
2303:
2290:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2215:
2209:. Archived from
2204:
2195:
2189:
2181:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2115:
2109:
2100:Hudson Highlands
2096:
2090:
2082:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2057:Hudson Highlands
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2033:. Archived from
2031:, June 24, 2016"
2023:
2014:
2011:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1985:
1976:
1970:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1927:
1921:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1855:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1713:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1681:. Archived from
1671:
1665:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1537:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1386:
1380:
1370:
1361:
1355:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1334:
1328:. Archived from
1327:
1315:
1306:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1270:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1236:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1182:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1138:
1129:
1123:
1101:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1019:Wappingers Falls
1003:
998:
997:
972:Manhattan Island
853:Housatonic River
833:Farmington River
812:Middlesex County
676:Continental Army
671:John Morin Scott
634:to petition the
618:of the Wappinger
547:Pavonia massacre
456:Lenape languages
408:Pavonia massacre
230:in southernmost
220:Manhattan Island
173:
168:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
58:Total population
50:
43:
21:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2342:
2327:
2321:
2306:
2296:American Indian
2293:
2287:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2252:
2250:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2202:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2129:
2125:
2116:
2112:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2068:
2054:
2050:
2040:
2038:
2037:on May 24, 2017
2025:
2024:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1977:
1973:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1876:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1847:Hauptman (2017)
1845:
1841:
1834:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1686:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1663:Hauptman (2017)
1656:
1652:
1645:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1530:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1490:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1442:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1406:
1405:
1398:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1371:
1364:
1356:
1347:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1272:
1271:
1260:
1250:
1248:
1238:
1237:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1205:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1124:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1091:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1048:
1024:Wappinger Creek
999:
992:
989:
980:Pocantico Hills
798:Dutchess County
796:in present-day
759:
703:
667:Sir Henry Moore
598:Philipse Patent
594:Philipse family
590:Dutchess County
586:
493:
480:
460:Munsee language
428:Munsee language
420:
368:Munsee language
362:Anthropologist
346:
198:At the time of
185:Native American
182:Munsee-speaking
171:
139:
135:
64:
53:
38:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2458:
2456:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2340:
2325:
2319:
2304:
2291:
2285:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2226:
2190:
2162:
2135:
2123:
2110:
2091:
2088:, Lee Saltzman
2077:
2066:
2048:
2015:
2006:
1995:
1986:
1971:
1949:
1942:
1922:
1906:
1899:
1881:
1874:
1850:
1839:
1832:
1814:
1807:
1783:
1756:
1737:
1728:
1714:
1705:
1696:
1666:
1650:
1643:
1625:
1613:
1599:
1579:
1565:
1545:
1516:
1496:
1494:, p. 325.
1484:
1482:, p. 309.
1472:
1470:, p. 310.
1460:
1458:, p. 307.
1448:
1446:, p. 238.
1433:
1419:
1396:
1381:
1362:
1345:
1307:
1292:
1285:
1258:
1226:
1214:
1199:
1174:
1160:
1153:
1130:
1128:, p. 380.
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1085:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1055:
1052:Abraham Nimham
1047:
1044:
1033:
1032:
1026:
1021:
1015:
1005:
1004:
988:
985:
984:
983:
953:
935:
929:
922:
908:
894:
891:
890:
889:
872:
869:
860:
846:
836:
835:in Connecticut
826:
815:
801:
758:
755:
725:, forming the
702:
699:
652:Lords of Trade
602:tenant farmers
585:
582:
555:New Netherland
545:Following the
497:Henry Hudson's
492:
489:
479:
476:
419:
416:
384:folk etymology
374:, used by the
360:
359:
345:
342:
321:, forming the
259:Henry Hudson's
126:
125:
118:
117:
113:
112:
108:
107:
103:
102:
92:
91:
87:
86:
75:
74:
70:
69:
60:
59:
55:
54:
51:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2457:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2343:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2227:
2216:on 2020-10-23
2212:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2191:
2186:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2166:
2163:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2036:
2032:
2030:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1968:9780812290004
1965:
1962:
1960:
1953:
1950:
1945:
1943:0-521-86594-8
1939:
1935:
1934:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1902:
1900:0-8420-2748-3
1896:
1892:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1875:0-19-510779-9
1871:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1843:
1840:
1835:
1833:0-415-97849-1
1829:
1825:
1818:
1815:
1810:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1787:
1784:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1646:
1644:0-8156-0798-9
1640:
1636:
1629:
1626:
1623:, p. 48.
1622:
1617:
1614:
1602:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1583:
1580:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1549:
1546:
1541:
1535:
1519:
1517:0-665-53988-6
1513:
1509:
1508:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1422:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1335:on 2015-01-13
1331:
1324:
1322:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1305:, p. 47.
1304:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1286:0-8032-9431-X
1282:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1203:
1200:
1188:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1156:
1154:9780403098774
1150:
1146:
1145:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1058:Daniel Nimham
1056:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1040:New York City
1037:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1002:
996:
991:
986:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
954:
951:
947:
943:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
923:
920:
916:
912:
909:
906:
902:
898:
895:
892:
887:
883:
879:
878:
876:
873:
870:
868:
864:
861:
858:
854:
850:
847:
844:
840:
837:
834:
830:
827:
824:
820:
816:
814:, Connecticut
813:
809:
805:
802:
799:
795:
791:
790:
789:
787:
782:
780:
776:
768:
763:
756:
754:
751:
747:
742:
740:
739:Putnam County
736:
730:
728:
724:
720:
719:Oneida people
716:
715:Oneida County
712:
708:
700:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
672:
668:
662:
658:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
636:British Crown
633:
629:
625:
624:Daniel Nimham
617:
613:
612:Daniel Nimham
609:
605:
603:
599:
595:
591:
583:
581:
579:
575:
570:
567:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
543:
538:
534:
532:
526:
523:
519:
513:
511:
506:
504:
503:
498:
490:
488:
486:
477:
475:
472:
468:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:Lenape people
441:
433:
429:
424:
417:
415:
413:
409:
405:
404:
400:
396:
391:
389:
385:
381:
378:and meaning "
377:
373:
369:
366:suggests the
365:
356:
355:
354:
351:
343:
341:
339:
334:
332:
326:
324:
320:
316:
315:Oneida people
312:
311:Oneida County
308:
304:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:Daniel Nimham
277:
273:
267:
265:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247:
244:
240:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
218:and northern
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:first contact
196:
194:
190:
186:
183:
180:
176:
175:
166:
133:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
101:
97:
93:
88:
84:
80:
79:United States
76:
71:
68:
61:
56:
49:
44:
33:
19:
2330:
2309:
2299:
2295:
2276:
2264:Bibliography
2251:. Retrieved
2239:
2229:
2218:. Retrieved
2211:the original
2206:
2193:
2172:
2165:
2153:. Retrieved
2148:
2138:
2131:Swanton 1952
2126:
2118:
2113:
2104:
2094:
2085:
2080:
2069:
2061:
2051:
2039:. Retrieved
2035:the original
2028:
2009:
1998:
1989:
1978:
1974:
1958:
1952:
1932:
1925:
1909:
1890:
1884:
1860:
1853:
1842:
1823:
1817:
1792:
1786:
1774:. Retrieved
1769:
1759:
1750:
1740:
1735:Cook 1976:74
1731:
1708:
1699:
1687:. Retrieved
1683:the original
1678:
1669:
1653:
1634:
1628:
1621:Swanton 1952
1616:
1604:. Retrieved
1589:
1582:
1570:. Retrieved
1555:
1548:
1522:. Retrieved
1520:. OL7024110M
1506:
1499:
1487:
1475:
1463:
1451:
1444:Goddard 1978
1424:. Retrieved
1409:
1390:
1384:
1376:
1337:. Retrieved
1330:the original
1320:
1303:Swanton 1952
1275:
1249:. Retrieved
1244:
1217:
1208:
1202:
1190:. Retrieved
1163:
1143:
1094:Mount Nimham
1088:
1076:
1034:
1006:
956:Wecquaesgeek
851:, along the
831:, along the
794:Hudson River
783:
779:Ives Goddard
775:James Mooney
772:
766:
743:
731:
704:
701:19th century
680:
664:
660:
656:
621:
587:
584:18th century
571:
563:
544:
540:
536:
528:
515:
509:
507:
500:
494:
491:17th century
481:
464:
437:
401:
395:wapendragers
394:
392:
371:
364:Ives Goddard
361:
349:
347:
335:
327:
300:
268:
261:
255:Hudson River
248:
236:
197:
191:and western
131:
129:
37:Ethnic group
2041:October 23,
1776:October 31,
1766:"Wappinger"
1606:November 1,
1572:November 1,
1524:October 31,
1492:Sebeok 1977
1480:Sebeok 1977
1468:Sebeok 1977
1456:Sebeok 1977
1426:November 1,
1251:October 31,
1126:Sebeok 1977
1017:Village of
962:in today's
942:Mattabesset
882:Menunkatuck
804:Hammonasset
685:during the
551:Kieft's War
412:Kieft's War
251:Wequaesgeek
212:Westchester
193:Connecticut
98:, probably
2354:Categories
2273:"Delaware"
2253:2018-03-09
2220:2016-08-19
1339:2019-02-10
1192:14 January
1107:References
1098:Boyd's Dam
960:Saeck Kill
875:Quinnipiac
800:, New York
485:Housatonic
471:Montaukett
243:Montaukett
177:) were an
18:Wappingers
2360:Wappinger
2248:0362-4331
1712:Funk 1976
1534:cite book
1013:Wappinger
976:Tarrytown
915:Hell Gate
901:Sing Sing
857:Fairfield
849:Paugusset
777:in 1910,
746:Wisconsin
713:left for
592:sued the
574:Peach War
510:Half Moon
502:Half Moon
403:Half Moon
390:in 1952.
350:Wappinger
309:left for
298:in 1778.
263:Half Moon
132:Wappinger
90:Languages
41:Wappinger
2185:Broadway
1036:Broadway
1011:Town of
946:Hartford
905:Ossining
897:Sintsink
886:Guilford
839:Nochpeem
648:Fishkill
622:In 1766
418:Language
399:Hudson's
189:New York
106:Religion
83:New York
2155:Dec 15,
1799:229–236
964:Yonkers
938:Wangunk
911:Siwanoy
829:Massaco
786:sachems
729:tribe.
707:Mohican
693:in the
626:, last
614:, last
518:tobacco
478:History
467:Mohican
380:opossum
372:wápinkw
325:tribe.
303:Mohican
294:at the
239:Mohican
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987:Legacy
968:Harlem
932:Tunxis
863:Podunk
723:Munsee
632:London
628:sachem
616:sachem
566:Mohawk
440:Munsee
434:tongue
432:Lenape
376:Lenape
370:-word
319:Munsee
272:sachem
208:Putnam
121:Other
100:Munsee
2214:(PDF)
2203:(PDF)
1333:(PDF)
1326:(PDF)
1069:Notes
757:Bands
695:Bronx
522:maize
338:totem
216:Bronx
2336:ISBN
2315:ISBN
2281:ISBN
2244:ISSN
2157:2015
2043:2019
1964:ISBN
1938:ISBN
1895:ISBN
1870:ISBN
1828:ISBN
1803:ISBN
1778:2010
1691:2023
1639:ISBN
1608:2010
1595:ISBN
1574:2010
1561:ISBN
1540:link
1526:2010
1512:ISBN
1428:2010
1415:ISBN
1281:ISBN
1253:2010
1194:2012
1149:ISBN
978:and
880:The
843:Kent
735:Kent
430:, a
344:Name
336:The
249:The
210:and
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737:in
172:WOP
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