730:
the 110-pounder
Armstrong breech-loader weighed 107–110 pounds (48.5–49.9 kg). It had a muzzle velocity of 1,150 ft/s (350 m/s) and, at an elevation of 11.25°, a maximum range of 4,000 yards (3,700 m). The shell of the 40-pounder breech-loading gun was 4.75 inches (121 mm) in diameter and weighed 40 pounds (18.1 kg). The gun had a maximum range of 3,800 yards (3,500 m) at a muzzle velocity of 1,150 ft/s (350 m/s). The 110-pounder gun weighed 9,520 pounds (4,318.2 kg) while the 40-pounder weighed 3,584 pounds (1,625.7 kg). In 1863–1864 the 40-pounder guns were replaced by a heavier version with the same ballistics. All of the guns could fire both
828:-class ships were built 46 inches (1.2 m) wide, which allowed the 68-pounders to traverse 52°. While the ships were being built the directing bar was developed which consisted of an iron bar that fastened to a pivot bolt in the sill of the gun port. After the gun carriages were modified, this allowed them to pivot much closer to the gun port than had previously been possible and meant that the gun ports could be narrowed to a width of 24 inches (0.6 m) while retaining the same arc of fire. The gun ports were narrowed to the new width by 7 inches (178 mm) of wrought iron. Another delay was the modification of the armour plates with
72:
440:-class ships have been described as revolutionary, but in truth they were more evolutionary than not as everything except their wrought iron armour had been in use by ocean-going ships for years. The naval architect and historian David K. Brown commented, "What made truly novel was the way in which these individual aspects were blended together, making her the biggest and most powerful warship in the world." They were designed in response to
668:
576:
786:
1586:
37:
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once logged 17.5 knots (32.4 km/h; 20.1 mph). Both funnels were semi-retractable to reduce wind resistance while under sail alone. The ships' propellers could be hoisted up into the stern of the ship to reduce drag while under sail. They were the largest hoistable propellers ever made and
729:
of the 68-pounder gun weighed approximately 68 pounds (30.8 kg) while the gun itself weighed 10,640 pounds (4,826.2 kg). The gun had a muzzle velocity of 1,579 ft/s (481 m/s) and had a range of 3,200 yards (2,900 m) at an elevation of 12°. The 7-inch (178 mm) shell of
808:, 4.5 inches (114 mm) thick, that covered 213 feet (64.9 m) amidships. The armour extended 16 feet (4.9 m) above the waterline and 6 feet (1.8 m) below it. 4.5-inch transverse bulkheads protected the guns on the main deck. The armour was backed by 16 inches (410 mm) of
713:
and much was hoped for them. Four of the 110-pounder guns were installed on the main deck amidships and the other two became chase guns; all of the 68-pounder guns were mounted on the main deck. Firing tests carried out in
September 1861 against an armoured target, however, proved that the
477:
was uncertain about their ability to withstand concentrated fire from wooden two and three-deck ships of the line. Rather they were designed to be fast enough to force battle on a fleeing enemy and to control the range at which a battle was fought for their own advantage.
1078:
fore and mizzenmasts. The ship was assigned to the
Channel Fleet upon her completion and in 1867–68 she was rearmed and then assigned to the 1st Class Reserve. She was refitted in 1874 and given a poop deck, and rejoined the Channel Fleet in 1875 as the
764:
weighed 175 pounds (79.4 kg) while the gun itself weighed 9 long tons (9.1 t). It had a muzzle velocity of 1,410 ft/s (430 m/s) and was credited with the ability to penetrate a nominal 9.6 inches (244 mm) of
407:
joined the 1st Class
Reserve and joined the fleet during its annual manoeuvres. The two ships exchanged roles after another refit in the mid-1870s. Both ships spent most of the last two decades of the 19th century in
984:. She was recommissioned into the 1st Class Reserve in 1875 and made periodic training cruises until 1883. The ship was formally reclassified as an armoured frigate in 1884, but was disarmed and mastless.
541:
were fitted (the first used by the Royal Navy), which significantly reduced the roll of the ships. Because of their length the ships proved to be very sluggish while manoeuvring, as
709:. The 40-pounder guns were to have been replaced by 70-pounder guns, but these failed their tests and were never issued. Both breech-loading guns were new designs from
1423:
777:
weighed 6.5 long tons (6.6 t) and fired a 112-pound (50.8 kg) shell. It was credited with the nominal ability to penetrate 7.7-inch (196 mm) armour.
444:, which started an invasion scare in Britain, but they had a very different concept of operation to the French ship which was meant as a replacement for wooden
1696:
832:
joints to lock the plates together and increase their resistance to armour-piercing shells. All together these modifications delayed the completion of
880:
2142:
1007:, the Royal Navy's Torpedo School. The ship regained her original name in 1923 and was converted once more into an oil pipeline pier in 1927.
1705:
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110-pounder was inferior to the 68-pounder smoothbore gun in armour penetration and repeated incidents of breech explosions during the
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placed at the bow to give it a traditionally pleasing shape. This also prevented the ships from ramming any other ships. The
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and had a sail area of 48,400 square feet (4,497 m). The lower masts were made of wood, but the other masts were iron.
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from 1864 to 1867, during which time she was refitted. The ship rejoined the
Channel Fleet in 1867 and towed a
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1514:
Roberts, John (1979). "Great
Britain and Empire Forces". In Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M. (eds.).
812:. The ends of the ship were left entirely unprotected which meant that the steering gear was very vulnerable.
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was about a half knot slower. The ships carried 800 long tons (810 t) of coal, enough to steam 2,100
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was shortened after completion in an effort to reduce the trim, but it was not noticeably successful.
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was placed in reserve in 1878 in
Devonport until she was converted to a training ship in 1896 in
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Both ships were rearmed during their 1867–1868 refit with a mix of 7- and 8-inch (203 mm)
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down by the bow, not least because they were fitted with a 40-long-ton (41 t) iron
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in 1863–1864 forestalled plans to completely equip the ships with the 110-pounder gun.
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1881:
1561:. Harrison and Sons for His Majesty's Stationery Office, London. 1887. Archived from
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breech-loading guns proved unreliable and were ultimately withdrawn from service.
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as 40-gun armoured frigates largely based on the fine lines of the large frigate
1932:
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could only do 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph). Under both sail and steam
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became a training ship in 1896 and was hulked in 1910 before being sold for
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639:(3,900 km; 2,400 mi) at 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph).
595:
driving a single 24-foot-6-inch (7.5 m) propeller. Ten rectangular
980:
was placed in ordinary again from 1872 to 1875 and was modified with a
969:
928:
694:
on the upper deck. This was modified during construction to ten rifled
510:
of 26 feet 10 inches (8.2 m). The ships displaced 9,137
36:
1453:
Jones, Colin (1996). "Entente
Cordiale, 1865". In McLean, David &
268:(3,900 km; 2,400 mi) at 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph)
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556:
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breech-loading guns for use as saluting guns. The shell of the 15-
666:
574:
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180:
809:
690:, 19 on each side on the main deck and one each fore and aft as
1678:
1605:
502:, the longest wooden-hulled ship in the Royal Navy. They had a
599:
provided steam to the engine at a working pressure of 20
420:
in 1902 and survived to be restored in 1979 as a museum ship.
361:
in response to an invasion scare sparked by the launch of the
619:) and was the most powerful thus far built for a warship. On
490:-class ships were 380 feet 2 inches (115.9 m)
357:
with iron hulls ever constructed. The ships were designed as
753:
received four fewer 7-inch guns. Both ships received four
650:
made 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph) under sail, but
1019:
in 1942 to release her name for the new aircraft carrier
701:, twenty-six 68-pounders, and four rifled breech-loading
749:
received twenty-eight 7-inch and four 8-inch guns while
1050:
in the early 1960s. The ironclad can now be seen near
1436:
1107:
in 1910 when she was assigned to the training school
960:
joined the
Channel Fleet in July 1862 and was placed
518:). The hull was subdivided by watertight transverse
2062:
2014:
1931:
1906:
1781:
1712:
1515:
506:of 58 feet 4 inches (17.8 m) and a
1518:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905
498:. This was 44 feet (13.4 m) longer than the
401:rejoined the Channel Fleet after her refit while
372:in 1858. They were initially armed with a mix of
1114:before she was sold for scrap on 21 March 1923.
387:The ships spent their first commission with the
1499:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1402:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1690:
1478:Warrior: Restoring the World's First Ironclad
836:by a year past her contract completion date.
353:between 1859 and 1862, the first ocean-going
8:
1422:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1697:
1683:
1675:
1602:
838:
675:with a 68-pounder cannon in the background
1103:in 1903. The ship was hulked and renamed
579:Close-up of the ship's trunk steam engine
1522:. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press.
611:). The engine produced a total of 5,267
1706:Ironclad warships of the United Kingdom
1122:
804:-class ships had a wrought-iron armour
1539:Directory of the World's Capital Ships
1415:
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31:
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1070:, damaging her masts. She arrived in
659:required about 600 men to be raised.
7:
1158:
1156:
27:Class of ironclads of the Royal Navy
1664:List of ironclads of the Royal Navy
683:-class ships was intended to be 40
1091:, second in command of the fleet.
469:were not intended to stand in the
207:26 ft 10 in (8.2 m)
199:58 ft 4 in (17.8 m)
25:
1461:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
1057:at Portsmouth Historic Dockyard.
942:Sold for scrap, 21 February 1923
631:(26.5 km/h; 16.5 mph);
494:and 420 feet (128.0 m) long
1584:
1000:in 1904 when she became part of
627:had a maximum speed around 14.3
587:-class ships had one 2-cylinder
70:
35:
522:into 92 compartments and had a
2143:Ship classes of the Royal Navy
1541:. New York: Hippocrene Books.
1438:. London: Chatham Publishing.
545:proved when she collided with
391:before being rearmed with new
349:of two warships built for the
1:
1537:Silverstone, Paul H. (1984).
450:Chief Constructor of the Navy
1597:Portsmouth Historic Dockyard
1046:had assumed the name of HMS
938:
935:
932:
894:
891:
888:
1074:in November 1861 with only
996:Harbor in 1902 and renamed
725:The 7.9-inch (201 mm)
492:long between perpendiculars
330:: 4.5 in (114 mm)
324:: 4.5 in (114 mm)
256:(26 km/h; 16 mph)
2164:
743:rifled muzzle-loading guns
685:smoothbore, muzzle-loading
393:rifled muzzle-loading guns
191:420 ft (128.0 m)
2103:
2016:Coastal defence ironclads
1783:Central battery ironclads
1659:
1639:
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905:
871:
866:
863:
860:
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378:muzzle-loading smoothbore
305:4 × Rifled breechloading
288:Smoothbore muzzle-loading
153:General characteristics (
152:
49:
34:
1476:Lambert, Andrew (1987).
1034:and was restored as HMS
1015:in 1929 and was renamed
972:in 1869 with her sister
720:Bombardment of Kagoshima
448:. They were designed by
2148:Warrior-class ironclads
1495:Parkes, Oscar (1990) .
1396:Ballard, G. A., Admiral
716:Battles for Shimonoseki
482:General characteristics
1591:Warrior class ironclad
1302:Lambert, pp. 86–87, 89
1284:Lambert, pp. 85–87, 89
1150:Lambert, pp. 18, 20–21
797:
676:
580:
432:Design and description
18:Warrior class ironclad
1400:The Black Battlefleet
788:
670:
578:
374:rifled breech-loading
363:French ironclad
2110:Single ship of class
1593:at Wikimedia Commons
1558:Text Book of Gunnery
1231:Ballard, pp. 246–247
679:The armament of the
671:A mess table aboard
613:indicated horsepower
297:Rifled breechloading
1714:Broadside ironclads
1497:British Battleships
1364:Silverstone, p. 276
1293:Textbook of Gunnery
1204:Ballard, pp. 52, 54
1097:Queenstown, Ireland
992:as a depot ship in
841:
699:breech-loading guns
642:The ironclads were
395:in the late 1860s.
1908:Barbette ironclads
1565:on 4 December 2012
1480:. Conway, London.
1382:Ballard, pp. 58–59
1373:Lambert, pp. 42–44
1320:Lambert, pp. 90–91
1089:John Dalrymple-Hay
1040:Fleet Headquarters
939:12 September 1862
840:Construction data
839:
798:
677:
593:John Penn and Sons
589:trunk steam engine
581:
233:Trunk steam engine
2123:
2122:
1672:
1671:
1643:Preceded by: None
1589:Media related to
1275:Parkes, pp. 17–19
1257:Parkes, pp. 20–21
1195:Parkes, pp. 23–24
1066:while in dock at
1044:Northwood, London
949:
948:
936:27 February 1861
898:Museum ship 1979
892:29 December 1860
885:Blackwall, London
830:tongue and groove
789:Cross-section of
773:. The 16-calibre
446:ships of the line
359:armoured frigates
336:
335:
92:Succeeded by
16:(Redirected from
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2138:Ironclad classes
1933:Turret ironclads
1699:
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881:Thames Ironworks
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736:explosive shells
623:in October 1861
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166:Armoured frigate
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212:Installed power
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1579:External links
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50:Class overview
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2025:Prince Albert
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1548:0-88254-979-0
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1529:0-8317-0302-4
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1506:1-55750-075-4
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1498:
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1489:
1487:0-85177-411-3
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1468:0-85177-685-X
1464:
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1445:1-86176-022-1
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1409:0-87021-924-3
1405:
1401:
1397:
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1361:
1358:
1355:Parkes, p. 24
1352:
1350:
1348:
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1335:
1332:Parkes, p. 16
1329:
1327:
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1311:Roberts, p. 6
1308:
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1245:Parkes, p. 19
1242:
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1234:
1228:
1225:
1222:Roberts, p. 7
1219:
1216:
1210:
1207:
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1189:
1186:Parkes, p. 18
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1174:Parkes, p. 17
1171:
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1037:
1033:
1030:was moved to
1029:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1014:
1013:Pembroke Dock
1011:was towed to
1010:
1006:
1005:
999:
995:
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987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
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944:
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921:Robert Napier
919:
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760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
739:
737:
733:
728:
723:
721:
717:
712:
708:
707:saluting guns
704:
700:
697:
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689:
686:
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606:
602:
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594:
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586:
577:
570:
568:
566:
562:
558:
555:-class ships
554:
551:in 1868. The
550:
549:
544:
540:
535:
533:
529:
525:
524:double bottom
521:
517:
513:
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443:
439:
431:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
406:
405:
400:
399:
394:
390:
389:Channel Fleet
385:
383:
379:
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371:
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329:
326:
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147:
144:
143:
139:
136:
135:
131:
128:
127:
123:
121:In commission
120:
119:
115:
112:
111:
107:
104:
103:
100:
98:
94:
91:
90:
86:
83:
82:
79:
68:
65:
64:
60:
57:
54:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2125:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1916:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1792:Royal Alfred
1791:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1721:
1648:
1630:Black Prince
1629:
1622:
1608:
1607:
1567:. Retrieved
1563:the original
1557:
1538:
1517:
1496:
1477:
1459:Warship 1996
1458:
1435:
1399:
1389:Bibliography
1378:
1369:
1360:
1337:
1316:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1262:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1146:
1141:Parkes, p. 6
1137:
1132:Brown, p. 12
1110:
1104:
1100:
1099:and renamed
1093:Black Prince
1092:
1085:Rear Admiral
1061:Black Prince
1060:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1035:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1008:
1003:
997:
985:
977:
974:Black Prince
973:
957:
955:
914:
909:Black Prince
908:
889:25 May 1859
874:
833:
825:
819:
816:Construction
801:
799:
790:
767:wrought iron
751:Black Prince
750:
746:
740:
724:
680:
678:
672:
655:
652:Black Prince
651:
647:
641:
633:Black Prince
632:
624:
615:(3,928
584:
582:
552:
547:
542:
536:
532:boiler rooms
514:(9,284
499:
487:
485:
467:Black Prince
466:
462:
457:
441:
437:
435:
422:Black Prince
421:
413:
404:Black Prince
403:
397:
386:
364:
340:
339:
337:
219:(3,928
179:(9,284
172:Displacement
154:
96:
58:
44:in the 1860s
41:
29:
1970:Dreadnought
1956:Devastation
1841:Bellerophon
1569:22 November
1111:Impregnable
1076:jury-rigged
962:in ordinary
696:110-pounder
644:ship rigged
539:bilge keels
453:Isaac Watts
300:110-pounder
264:2,100
231:1 shaft, 1
215:5,267
84:Preceded by
2132:Categories
1977:Inflexible
1806:Enterprise
1772:Lord Clyde
1118:References
1032:Hartlepool
1026:. In 1979
998:Vernon III
994:Portsmouth
915:Invincible
861:Completed
775:7-inch gun
762:8-inch gun
755:20-pounder
732:solid shot
727:solid shot
703:40-pounder
692:chase guns
621:sea trials
603:(138
571:Propulsion
351:Royal Navy
307:40-pounder
273:Complement
228:Propulsion
113:In service
78:Royal Navy
2116:Cancelled
2080:Abyssinia
2053:Conqueror
2005:Trafalgar
1917:Temeraire
1897:Belleisle
1883:Alexandra
1869:Swiftsure
1862:Audacious
1765:Royal Oak
1418:cite book
1109:HMS
1052:HMS
1021:HMS
1002:HMS
982:poop deck
945:£377,954
907:HMS
901:£377,292
873:HMS
852:Laid down
822:gun ports
711:Armstrong
607:; 1
548:Royal Oak
520:bulkheads
512:long tons
475:Admiralty
428:in 1923.
382:Armstrong
355:ironclads
328:Bulkheads
239:Sail plan
177:long tons
157:as built)
145:Preserved
129:Completed
124:1861–1902
116:1861–1979
108:1859–1862
66:Operators
2073:Cerberus
2064:Monitors
2032:Scorpion
1998:Victoria
1991:Colossus
1855:Hercules
1848:Penelope
1813:Favorite
1799:Research
1751:Minotaur
1744:Achilles
1457:(eds.).
1434:(1997).
1398:(1980).
1081:flagship
1072:Spithead
1068:Greenock
1064:capsized
857:Launched
848:Builder
796:s armour
718:and the
705:guns as
663:Armament
591:made by
565:bowsprit
281:Armament
243:Ship rig
137:Scrapped
2094:Cyclops
2087:Glatton
2039:Hotspur
1963:Neptune
1949:Captain
1942:Monarch
1923:Admiral
1827:Repulse
1820:Zealous
1730:Defence
1723:Warrior
1649:Defence
1623:Warrior
1609:Warrior
1101:Emerald
1054:Victory
1048:Warrior
1038:as the
1023:Warrior
1009:Warrior
986:Warrior
978:Warrior
970:Bermuda
958:Warrior
952:Service
929:Glasgow
875:Warrior
834:Warrior
826:Warrior
824:of the
802:Warrior
791:Warrior
759:calibre
747:Warrior
681:Warrior
673:Warrior
656:Warrior
648:Warrior
625:Warrior
597:boilers
585:Warrior
557:trimmed
553:Warrior
543:Warrior
508:draught
496:overall
488:Warrior
473:as the
463:Warrior
438:Warrior
414:Warrior
410:reserve
398:Warrior
370:sisters
345:were a
341:Warrior
204:Draught
155:Warrior
97:Defence
59:Warrior
42:Warrior
2046:Rupert
1890:Superb
1876:Sultan
1834:Pallas
1737:Hector
1545:
1526:
1503:
1484:
1465:
1442:
1406:
1004:Vernon
990:hulked
781:Armour
771:muzzle
609:kgf/cm
528:engine
500:Mersey
458:Mersey
442:Gloire
418:hulked
365:Gloire
316:Armour
188:Length
175:9,137
75:
1651:class
925:Govan
867:Cost
864:Fate
845:Ship
794:'
629:knots
426:scrap
347:class
295:10 ×
286:26 ×
261:Range
254:knots
249:Speed
105:Built
99:class
1984:Ajax
1571:2021
1543:ISBN
1524:ISBN
1501:ISBN
1482:ISBN
1463:ISBN
1440:ISBN
1424:link
1404:ISBN
1087:Sir
988:was
956:HMS
913:(ex-
820:The
810:teak
806:belt
800:The
734:and
583:The
561:knee
537:Two
530:and
504:beam
486:The
436:The
416:was
376:and
338:The
322:Belt
309:guns
302:guns
196:Beam
162:Type
87:None
55:Name
1083:of
1042:in
1028:C77
1017:C77
968:to
605:kPa
601:psi
276:707
266:nmi
252:14
217:ihp
2134::
1420:}}
1416:{{
1346:^
1325:^
1250:^
1236:^
1179:^
1167:^
1155:^
1125:^
976:.
927:,
923:,
917:)
883:,
745:.
738:.
617:kW
534:.
461:.
412:.
221:kW
2113:X
2107:S
1698:e
1691:t
1684:v
1573:.
1551:.
1532:.
1509:.
1490:.
1471:.
1448:.
1426:)
1412:.
516:t
223:)
183:)
181:t
148:1
140:1
132:2
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
