177:
405:
568:
302:, which brought hopefuls from across the country. Aboriginal people worked on the mines, many of which were located on what had been the Warumungu Reserve. Tennant Creek town was established in 1934, at a site 7 mi (11 km) to the south of the Telegraph Station. It was off-limits to Aboriginal people until the 1960s. Warumungu and Alyawarre people also worked at mines in the
215:"The post contact history of the Warumungu people is an unvarnished tale of the subordinaton of an Aboriginal society and its welfare to European interests... European settlement meant forced dispossession. This was not a once and for all process, but continued with the Warumungu being shunted around, right up to the 1960s, to accommodate various pastoral and mining interests."
1007:
295:, while some worked for the station. Many came to the site during the 1891-93 droughts, to the perennial waterholes along the creek, which Warumungu people traditionally used in drought years. An area of dry country to the east of the Telegraph Station was gazetted as a Warumungu Reserve in 1892, to be revoked in 1934 to allow mining in the area.
722:
176:
230:
Aboriginal settlement. In the face of opposition at their attempts to settle in the town, from authorities and
European towns people, Aboriginal people began to establish organisations to gain representation, infrastructure and services for their community. Over the next decade a housing authority
143:
Warumungu is classified as a living language, but the number of speakers seemed to be decreasing quickly and by the mid-1950s, Australian linguist Robert
Hoogenraad estimated that there were only about 700 people who could speak some Warumungu; by 2016, there were 320 speakers. Speakers have been
380:
The problem with the
Northern Territory Government then, was it didn't accept the underlying principles of the Aboriginal Land Rights Act. It didn't accept that it was for the Commonwealth to determine the conditions on which Aboriginal people could acquire land in the Northern Territory, so its
231:
Warramunga Pabulu
Housing Association (later Julali-kari Council), a health service Anyininginyi Congress and an office of the Central Land Council was opened. Today, Aboriginal people of the region have rights to country surrounding the town, claimed and recognised under the
374:
was finally returned to the
Warumungu. The Warumungu Land Claim is made up of ten separate parcels of land, which together make up 3,090 square kilometres (1,190 sq mi). In March 1993, Michael Maurice, a former Aboriginal Land Commissioner, said of the
639:
Maurice, M. Warumungu Land Claim. Report No.31. Report by the
Aboriginal Land Commissioner, Mr Justice Maurice, to the Minister for Aboriginal Affairs and to the Administrator of the Northern Territory. Australian Government Publishing Service. Canberra,
160:'s estimation, the Warumungu's lands once extended over some 21,300 square miles (55,000 km), from the northernmost reach at Mount Grayling (Renner Springs) southwards to the headwaters of the Gosse River. The eastern boundary was around
1039:
770:
317:
The life histories of most people include their experiences living on cattle stations, which eventually surrounded the original site of
European settlement. Vast tracts of Warumungu country had been granted as
404:
237:. The original land claim was lodged in 1978, for a decade the Warumungu fought for the return of their traditional lands. The ruling was made in 1988 and the hand back of the claim areas began soon after.
182:
The commonwealth of
Australia; federal handbook, prepared in connection with the eighty-fourth meeting of the British association for the advancement of science, held in Australia, August, 1914
310:
was discovered at
Hatcher's Creek in 1913. Many Aboriginal people spent substantial periods of their lives there and on neighbouring Kurandi Station, where in 1977 Aboriginal workers went on
1032:
2082:
2024:
1025:
233:
2059:
334:, butchers and gardeners, while women carried out domestic work in the station houses. Payment was generally in rations only and conditions were generally very poor.
2052:
354:
2017:
260:
occurred in many places in central
Australia in the first 50 years of settlement, causing the displacement of Aboriginal people. In the early 1900s Alyawarre and
399:
743:
763:
2031:
2045:
269:
974:
2038:
906:
851:
817:
626:
916:
713:
67:
132:
used by younger speakers differs significantly than the one used by older speakers. An example of a Warumungu sentence might be "
288:
125:
898:
1414:
1659:
265:
1011:
93:
303:
809:
343:
208:. In 1934, a reserve that had been set aside for the Warumungu in 1892 was revoked in order to clear the way for
145:
843:
257:
129:
42:
747:
895:
Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
774:
827:
793:
413:
367:
1048:
861:
683:
659:
567:
248:
and Europeans broke out in the 1870s and lead to punitive expeditions, in which many Kaytetye, Warumungu,
117:
59:
323:
322:
and were stocked from the 1880s onwards. Running cattle on these lands was incompatible with Aboriginal
219:
185:
936:
1484:
878:
865:
658:
The University of Melbourne School of Language and Linguistics (n.d.). Tennant Creek. Retrieved from
349:
327:
1113:
982:
331:
1554:
1052:
890:
89:
83:
63:
31:
705:
1017:
1736:
1666:
1428:
902:
847:
813:
709:
467:
281:
97:
797:
1603:
1568:
1470:
1442:
1351:
701:
693:
431:
273:
209:
222:
self-determination policy, Aboriginal people began to move or return to Tennant Creek from
1884:
1870:
1456:
1407:
1358:
1330:
1127:
423:
326:
practices and people were forced to settle on stations or the reserve. Many men worked as
245:
101:
35:
920:
1954:
1856:
1765:
1610:
1393:
1365:
1260:
1204:
1183:
886:
319:
223:
157:
2076:
1842:
1645:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1596:
1582:
1323:
1267:
940:
801:
726:
427:
311:
261:
218:
Tennant Creek is the urban centre of Warumungu country. During the 1970s, the era of
165:
71:
869:
1982:
1968:
1905:
1708:
1575:
1540:
1533:
1512:
1400:
1302:
1211:
1106:
1078:
1071:
359:
241:
1947:
1989:
1891:
1849:
1800:
1722:
1547:
1344:
1197:
363:
212:. By the 1960s, the Warumungu had been entirely removed from their native land.
193:
161:
17:
30:
This article is about the Australian Indigenous group. For their language, see
1919:
1793:
1786:
1772:
1638:
1519:
1505:
1379:
1288:
1253:
1169:
1120:
1099:
687:
560:
371:
307:
249:
205:
697:
555:
287:
By the 1890s it is estimated that 100 people were living at camps around the
1912:
1877:
1863:
1828:
1687:
1652:
1477:
1463:
1449:
1435:
1316:
1309:
1281:
1232:
1155:
1148:
1085:
955:
419:
352:
of the Northern Territory made a claim on behalf of the Warumungu under the
299:
277:
253:
831:
1006:
1961:
1926:
1779:
1750:
1715:
1589:
1526:
1295:
1239:
1162:
835:
540:
227:
201:
180:
Designs used during the performance of a snake totem ceremony (pub. in
1996:
1940:
1933:
1835:
1758:
1729:
1694:
1680:
1561:
1498:
1491:
1337:
1246:
1225:
1190:
1141:
1064:
660:
http://languages-linguistics.unimelb.edu.au/research/past-acla1-regions
480:
292:
256:
and Warlpiri were killed. Conflict, largely over cattle, and resultant
1975:
1821:
1814:
1701:
1673:
1421:
1386:
1274:
1218:
1176:
1134:
1092:
470:
197:
113:
1807:
1743:
1372:
403:
175:
725:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
109:
1021:
66:. Today, Warumungu are mainly concentrated in the region of
410:
Totemic Ceremony: Warramunga Tribe, North-Central Australia
164:. The western limits ran to the sand plan 50 miles west of
744:"Aboriginal Child Language Acquisition Project: Warumungu"
806:
Morphology and Language History: In Honour of Harold Koch
128:, the Warumungu language is undergoing rapid change. The
579:
577:
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
234:
Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976
34:. For the Australian navy ships named for them, see
764:"Scholar Sceptic: Australian Aboriginal Studies"
670:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
377:
138:Father's mother, is she there, in town, or not?
1033:
919:(Press release). 1 March 1993. Archived from
692:. London: Macmillan. pp. 226, 631, 756.
541:Aboriginal Child Language Acquisition Project
298:In the 1930s gold was discovered, starting a
8:
2083:Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory
400:Aboriginal Australian mythology and religion
370:. Fifteen years later, in 1993, most of the
528:
1040:
1026:
1018:
840:Kinship Systems: Change and reconstruction
798:"Reconstructing pre-Warumunga Pronominals"
604:
422:is the Warumungu people's version of the
280:. Eastern Warlpiri people fled after the
240:At the telegraph station to the south at
196:described the Warumungu as a flourishing
804:; Evans, Bethwyn; Miceli, Luisa (eds.).
583:
516:
504:
497:
981:. Central Land Council. Archived from
625:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSimpson (
284:in 1928, many onto Warumungu country.
551:
549:
41:. For the genus of grasshoppers, see
7:
832:"Warumungu kinship system over time"
689:Northern Tribes of Central Australia
616:
116:(although some verbs are formed by
134:apurtu im deya o warraku taun kana
25:
444:Warimunga, Warramunga, Warramonga
430:common to a number of Aboriginal
204:had brought them to the brink of
200:. However, by 1915, invasion and
1005:
956:"Warumungu Language Information"
720:
566:
124:). As are many of the surviving
289:Tennant Creek Telegraph Station
126:Indigenous Australian languages
899:Australian National University
706:2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t6737bs6n
381:attitude was one of resistance
1:
244:, conflict between the local
112:are formed by adding a tense
917:"Warumungu land title grant"
27:Australian indigenous people
388:Michael Maurice, March 1993
162:Alroy and Rockhampton Downs
2099:
838:; Hendery, Rachel (eds.).
397:
355:Aboriginal Land Rights Act
341:
304:Davenport Murchison Ranges
272:and other stations on the
192:In the 1870s, early white
81:
29:
2006:
1059:
960:Global Recordings Network
834:. In McConvell, Patrick;
810:John Benjamins Publishing
344:Native title in Australia
977:The Land is Always Alive
937:"The Warumungu Language"
844:University of Utah Press
698:10.1017/cbo9780511751202
43:Warramunga (grasshopper)
887:Tindale, Norman Barnett
684:Baldwin Spencer, Walter
414:Milwaukee Public Museum
368:High Court of Australia
366:eventually went to the
314:and staged a walk-off.
96:. It is similar to the
416:
391:
291:, with some receiving
276:. Many moved later to
189:
60:Aboriginal Australians
2012:By state or territory
671:Land title grant 1993
407:
398:Further information:
362:ensued, in which the
342:Further information:
324:hunting and gathering
186:George Handley Knibbs
179:
1485:Mantjintjarra Ngalia
1014:at Wikimedia Commons
879:Macmillan Publishers
862:Spencer, Sir Baldwin
846:. pp. 239–254.
449:Warrmunga, Waramunga
350:Central Land Council
94:Pama–Nyungan family
92:, belonging to the
2025:Northern Territory
1053:Northern Territory
923:on 8 February 2007
866:Gillen, Francis J.
812:. pp. 71–89.
780:on 4 December 2008
750:on 26 January 2009
417:
270:Alexandria Station
220:Federal government
190:
106:suffixing language
88:Their language is
84:Warumungu language
64:Northern Territory
32:Warumungu language
2070:
2069:
2060:Western Australia
1010:Media related to
908:978-0-708-10741-6
853:978-0-708-10741-6
819:978-9-027-24814-5
564:(25th ed., 2022)
438:Alternative names
282:Coniston massacre
264:fled violence at
258:frontier violence
58:) are a group of
16:(Redirected from
2090:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2013:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1794:Ritharngu/Diakui
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1471:Makarrwanhalmirr
1466:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1019:
1012:Warumungu people
1009:
994:
992:
990:
975:"The Warumungu:
970:
968:
966:
951:
949:
947:
932:
930:
928:
912:
891:"Waramanga (NT)"
882:
876:
871:Across Australia
857:
823:
789:
787:
785:
779:
773:. Archived from
768:
759:
757:
755:
746:. Archived from
730:
724:
723:
719:
680:
674:
668:
662:
656:
641:
637:
631:
630:
622:
614:
608:
602:
587:
581:
572:
571:
570:
553:
544:
538:
532:
526:
520:
514:
508:
507:, pp. 71f..
502:
432:creation stories
389:
274:Barkly Tableland
210:gold prospecting
21:
18:Warumungu people
2098:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2039:South Australia
2037:
2030:
2023:
2018:New South Wales
2016:
2011:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1948:Yan-nhaŋu/Nango
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1055:
1051:peoples in the
1046:
1002:
997:
988:
986:
985:on 20 July 2008
973:
964:
962:
954:
945:
943:
935:
926:
924:
915:
909:
885:
877:. Vol. 2.
874:
860:
854:
826:
820:
792:
783:
781:
777:
766:
762:
753:
751:
742:
738:
733:
721:
716:
682:
681:
677:
669:
665:
657:
644:
638:
634:
624:
620:
615:
611:
603:
590:
582:
575:
565:
554:
547:
539:
535:
529:Scholar Sceptic
527:
523:
515:
511:
503:
499:
495:
490:
440:
424:Rainbow Serpent
412:diorama at the
402:
396:
390:
387:
346:
340:
320:pastoral leases
224:cattle stations
174:
154:
102:Warlpiri people
86:
80:
46:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2096:
2094:
2086:
2085:
2075:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1766:Pitjantjatjara
1762:
1755:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1611:Murngin=Yolgnu
1607:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1001:
1000:External links
998:
996:
995:
971:
952:
933:
913:
907:
883:
858:
852:
824:
818:
802:Bowern, Claire
790:
760:
739:
737:
734:
732:
731:
714:
675:
663:
642:
632:
609:
588:
586:, p. 237.
573:
545:
533:
521:
519:, p. 238.
509:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
484:
474:
461:
456:
451:
446:
439:
436:
395:
392:
385:
339:
336:
173:
170:
158:Norman Tindale
153:
150:
100:spoken by the
82:Main article:
79:
76:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2095:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1646:Ngaanyatjarra
1643:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1632:Nanggikorongo
1629:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1618:Murrinh-Patha
1615:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1597:Mulluk-Mulluk
1594:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1583:Menhdheyangal
1580:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1324:Garrwa/Karawa
1321:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1013:
1008:
1004:
1003:
999:
984:
980:
978:
972:
961:
957:
953:
942:
941:Linguist List
938:
934:
922:
918:
914:
910:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
873:
872:
867:
863:
859:
855:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
828:Simpson, Jane
825:
821:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
794:Simpson, Jane
791:
776:
772:
765:
761:
749:
745:
741:
740:
735:
728:
727:public domain
717:
715:9780511751202
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:
685:
679:
676:
672:
667:
664:
661:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
643:
636:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
610:
606:
605:The Warumungu
601:
599:
597:
595:
593:
589:
585:
580:
578:
574:
569:
563:
562:
557:
552:
550:
546:
542:
537:
534:
530:
525:
522:
518:
513:
510:
506:
501:
498:
492:
487:
482:
478:
475:
472:
469:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
441:
437:
435:
433:
429:
428:creator being
425:
421:
415:
411:
406:
401:
393:
384:
382:
376:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:
351:
348:In 1978, the
345:
337:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
268:and moved to
267:
266:Hatches Creek
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
238:
236:
235:
229:
225:
221:
216:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
187:
183:
178:
171:
169:
167:
166:Tennant Creek
163:
159:
151:
149:
147:
141:
139:
136:", meaning "
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
85:
77:
75:
73:
72:Alice Springs
69:
68:Tennant Creek
65:
61:
57:
53:
48:
44:
40:
39:
33:
19:
1969:Yindjilandji
1898:
1709:Ngolokwangga
1513:Marimanindji
1401:Karrangpurru
1114:Anindilyakwa
1107:Andakerebina
987:. Retrieved
983:the original
976:
963:. Retrieved
959:
944:. Retrieved
925:. Retrieved
921:the original
894:
870:
839:
805:
782:. Retrieved
775:the original
752:. Retrieved
748:the original
688:
678:
666:
635:
619:
612:
584:Tindale 1974
559:
536:
524:
517:Simpson 2013
512:
505:Simpson 2008
500:
476:
463:
459:Leenaranunga
458:
453:
448:
443:
418:
409:
379:
378:
360:legal battle
358:. A lengthy
353:
347:
338:Native title
316:
297:
286:
242:Barrow Creek
239:
232:
217:
214:
191:
181:
155:
148:since 2007.
144:shifting to
142:
137:
133:
121:
105:
87:
55:
51:
49:
47:
37:
1723:Norweilemil
1555:Marrithiyal
1548:Marranunggu
1345:Gungorogone
989:23 December
965:23 December
946:24 December
927:23 December
784:23 December
754:22 December
364:litigations
118:compounding
108:, in which
2032:Queensland
1920:Wongkamala
1892:Warndarang
1787:Rembarrnga
1773:Pongaponga
1737:Nunggubuyu
1667:Ngaliwurru
1639:Nangiomeri
1520:Marinunggo
1506:Maridjabin
1429:Kungarakan
1380:Jamindjung
1289:Emmiyangal
1254:Djerimanga
1170:Bingongina
1121:Anmatyerre
1049:Aboriginal
561:Ethnologue
372:land claim
250:Anmatyerre
206:starvation
130:morphology
104:. It is a
56:Warramunga
38:Warramunga
1913:Wilingura
1899:Warumungu
1878:Warlmanpa
1829:Wadjiginy
1688:Ngarinman
1653:Ngalakgan
1604:Muringura
1569:Matuntara
1478:Mangarayi
1464:Madngella
1450:Kwarandji
1443:Kunwinjku
1436:Kunibidji
1352:Gunindiri
1317:Gambalang
1310:Gadjerong
1282:Doolboong
1233:Djalakuru
1156:Bilingara
1149:Beriguruk
1100:Amijangal
1086:Alyawarre
836:Keen, Ian
556:Warumungu
493:Citations
464:Airamanga
420:Wollunqua
394:Mythology
300:gold rush
278:Lake Nash
254:Alyawarre
194:explorers
90:Warumungu
52:Warumungu
2077:Category
2053:Victoria
2046:Tasmania
1962:Yaroinga
1927:Wulwulam
1885:Warlpiri
1871:Wardaman
1864:Wandjira
1780:Puneitja
1751:Perrakee
1716:Ngormbur
1590:Mudburra
1527:Marijedi
1457:Larrakia
1408:Kaytetye
1359:Gurindji
1331:Giimbiyu
1296:Gaagudju
1163:Binbinga
1128:Arrernte
889:(1974).
868:(1912).
830:(2013).
796:(2008).
686:(1904).
483:exonym).
477:Uriminga
468:Kaytetye
386:—
328:stockmen
306:, after
246:Kaytetye
228:Warrabri
202:reprisal
98:Warlpiri
78:Language
1997:Yunggor
1955:Yanyuwa
1941:Yangman
1934:Wurango
1857:Wambaya
1836:Wagoman
1759:Pintupi
1730:Nungali
1695:Ngarnka
1681:Ngardok
1562:Mati Ke
1499:Maridan
1492:Mariamo
1415:Kukatja
1394:Jingili
1366:Iwaidja
1338:Gudanji
1261:Djinang
1247:Djerait
1226:Dhuwala
1205:Dalabon
1191:Dagoman
1184:Burarra
1142:Awinmul
1065:Airiman
771:AIATSIS
736:Sources
621: ?
617:Simpson
481:Iliaura
454:Wurmega
375:ordeal:
332:drovers
308:wolfram
293:rations
172:History
152:Country
122:preverb
62:of the
1976:Yolngu
1843:Wakaya
1822:Wadere
1815:Waanyi
1702:Ngarti
1674:Ngandi
1660:Ngalia
1625:Nagara
1422:Kunapa
1387:Jawoyn
1275:Djowei
1268:Djinba
1219:Dhuwal
1177:Bininj
1135:Awarai
1093:Amarak
905:
850:
816:
712:
471:exonym
312:strike
262:Wakaya
252:, and
198:nation
114:suffix
1983:Yukul
1906:Watta
1808:Tjial
1744:Oitbi
1576:Maung
1541:Marra
1534:Mariu
1373:Jaako
1303:Gaari
1240:Djaŋu
1212:Dangu
1079:Alura
1072:Alawa
875:(PDF)
800:. In
778:(PDF)
767:(PDF)
488:Notes
146:Kriol
110:verbs
36:HMAS
1990:Yumu
1850:Walu
1801:Tiwi
1198:Daii
991:2008
967:2008
948:2008
929:2008
903:ISBN
848:ISBN
814:ISBN
786:2008
756:2008
710:ISBN
640:1988
627:help
426:, a
408:The
226:and
70:and
54:(or
50:The
702:hdl
694:doi
558:at
184:by
156:In
140:".
2079::
958:.
939:.
901:.
897:.
893:.
864:;
842:.
808:.
769:.
708:.
700:.
645:^
591:^
576:^
548:^
434:.
330:,
168:.
120:a
74:.
1753:?
1041:e
1034:t
1027:v
993:.
979:"
969:.
950:.
931:.
911:.
881:.
856:.
822:.
788:.
758:.
729:.
718:.
704::
696::
673:.
629:)
607:.
543:.
531:.
479:(
473:)
466:(
383:.
188:.
45:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
