37:
218:
537:
2348:
839:
816:
1789:
36:
217:
1828:
2256:
777:, which they survive but result in lifelong suffering. Shooting at too far a distance also increases the risk of causing injury due to the increased spread of
31:
561:
1122:
812:
required hunters to actively pursue and kill all injured animals to prevent their suffering. Targeting a sitting duck was considered dishonest.
1510:
2683:
2198:
2081:
1772:
1739:
1493:
1468:
1443:
1415:
1390:
1357:
1306:
1262:
1237:
1106:
303:
1700:
1976:"The Incidence of Lead Shotgun Pellets in Waterfowl (Anatidae and Rallidae) Examined in South-Eastern Australia Between 1957 and 1973"
1212:
2249:
1187:
881:
are also required to complete safety courses before they can obtain a license. In the United States, hunters must also purchase a
334:
1581:
1044:
are also common hunting grounds, since geese and ducks often feed on the grain that remains in the field after harvest. The
2130:
Xu, Ting; Weng, Baisha; Yan, Denghua; Wang, Kun; Li, Xiangnan; Bi, Wuxia; Li, Meng; Cheng, Xiangjun; Liu, Yinxue (2019).
2242:
536:
589:
1790:"Economic Analyses of 'Crippling Losses' of North American Waterfowl and Their Policy Implications for Management"
831:
2698:
936:
651:
545:
1714:
773:
typically dies and falls to the ground. However, ducks on the periphery of the shot may still be hit by some
2693:
2292:
886:
2688:
1607:
1582:"Nontoxic Shot Regulations For Hunting Waterfowl and Coots in the U.S. | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service"
481:
2347:
2571:
1322:
1715:"Hunter Education Requirements in the United States and Canada — Texas Parks & Wildlife Department"
1072:, which are shrinking at alarming rates due to the drought and farmers draining wetland areas to plant
808:
deserved a fair chance. Hunters used fair methods to minimize unnecessary suffering for the prey. This
2026:
1539:
1528:
Scheuhammer, A. M.; Norris, S. L. (1996). "The ecotoxicology of lead shot and lead fishing weights".
1514:
1077:
993:
27:
2445:
2367:
2317:
1033:
827:
720:
485:
326:
178:
91:
2541:
1956:
1917:
1563:
1160:
1005:
978:
882:
643:
604:
581:
541:
390:
358:
350:
115:
41:
20:
2014:
1850:
2485:
2322:
2277:
2194:
2171:
2153:
2087:
2077:
2052:
1995:
1948:
1909:
1870:
1809:
1768:
1745:
1735:
1555:
1489:
1464:
1439:
1411:
1386:
1363:
1353:
1302:
1258:
1233:
1208:
1183:
1102:
967:
770:
716:
620:
505:
497:
265:
2234:
2193:. Wildlife management and conservation. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins university press.
2678:
2617:
2576:
2432:
2402:
2282:
2161:
2143:
2042:
2034:
1987:
1901:
1862:
1829:"Migratory Bird Hunting Activity and Harvest during the 2022–23 and 2023–24 Hunting Seasons"
1801:
1547:
1152:
712:
705:
647:
517:
513:
493:
477:
461:
289:
285:
1299:
The outlaw gunner: a journey from hunting for survival to a call for waterfowl conservation
1143:
David, Arlette (2014). "Hoopoes and
Acacias: Decoding an Ancient Egyptian Funerary Scene".
2302:
1436:
The ultimate guide to waterfowl hunting: tips, tactics, and techniques for ducks and geese
1045:
870:
509:
2412:
2106:
2030:
1543:
2657:
2460:
2407:
2307:
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2166:
2131:
989:
974:
924:
689:
457:
433:
374:
362:
307:
245:
2672:
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2387:
2327:
2312:
2297:
1657:
1530:
1232:. The MIT Press Essential Knowledge Series. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
1164:
970:
955:
ducks is a prolonged, agonizing death, marked by relentless suffering and distress.
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850:
809:
778:
774:
762:
758:
724:
693:
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306:
hunted waterfowl with great zeal, as the supply of waterfowl seemed unlimited in the
277:
202:
194:
190:
186:
174:
130:
95:
1567:
222:
2652:
2627:
2612:
2561:
2392:
2372:
1278:
Dacy, George H. (1933). "Poaching Made Big
Business by Ruthless Gangs of Killers".
1061:
912:
900:
728:
697:
674:
445:
382:
370:
366:
361:. During the fall migrations, the skies were filled with waterfowl. Places such as
354:
322:
293:
269:
257:
230:
198:
155:
147:
123:
87:
79:
71:
45:
1675:
1937:"Hunting Pressure on Black-Bellied Whistling-Ducks as Indicated by Embedded Shot"
2632:
2332:
1631:
1041:
842:
793:
761:, there is a potential for multiple ducks to be hit when hunters shoot into the
314:
241:
1975:
576:
have finished raising their young and are migrating to warmer areas to feed. A
2520:
2515:
2455:
2417:
2377:
2217:
2132:"Wetlands of International Importance: Status, Threats, and Future Protection"
2091:
2071:
1805:
1367:
1347:
952:
939:
are estimated to 12 million birds annually. Thus, each year, millions of
766:
501:
469:
453:
449:
394:
330:
273:
253:
163:
59:
2157:
2056:
1999:
1952:
1913:
1874:
1813:
1729:
885:. It is illegal to shoot ducks from a motor vehicle or a moving boat. Laying
296:
which allowed for longer range shooting with the shotgun. With the advent of
2505:
2500:
2450:
2422:
1749:
963:
797:
655:
632:
624:
489:
261:
249:
238:
234:
2175:
2148:
1559:
838:
815:
2566:
2465:
2337:
1123:"National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation"
820:
735:
623:
requires larger and more stable boats, as small boats have been known to
608:
600:
386:
318:
297:
2047:
1608:"Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Migratory Birds Regulations, 2022"
2647:
2642:
2591:
2586:
2397:
2382:
2038:
1960:
1936:
1921:
1889:
1827:
Raftovich, R. V.; Fleming, K. K.; Chandler, S. C.; Cain, C. M. (2024).
1551:
1069:
1057:
1053:
928:
908:
904:
897:
846:
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659:
628:
465:
441:
429:
417:
405:
281:
159:
126:
111:
56:
1991:
1080:
and restoration is critical for the continuance of waterfowl hunting.
2581:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2510:
2470:
1866:
1049:
1001:
997:
932:
916:
874:
873:, as well as additional licenses at the provincial level. Hunters in
866:
805:
789:
692:
in waterfowl, which often feed off the bottom of lakes and wetlands.
557:
553:
525:
397:
171:
1905:
1734:. The complete hunter. Chanhassen, MN: Creative Pub. International.
1632:"Shotgun | Hunting, Home Defense & Self-Protection | Britannica"
889:
such as corn and the use of live ducks as decoys, are also illegal.
1849:
Ellis, Matthew B.; Miller, Craig A.; Pallazza, Samantha G. (2022).
1156:
2525:
2480:
1352:. Buffalo, New York ; Richmond Hill, Ontario: Firefly Books.
1065:
1037:
1029:
1021:
1017:
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959:
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837:
814:
685:
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378:
342:
310:
216:
182:
119:
99:
75:
67:
35:
2228:
2136:
International
Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
1178:
Baldassarre, Guy A.; Bolen, Eric G.; Saunders, D. Andrew (1994).
2490:
1073:
1025:
1009:
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858:
750:
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678:
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639:
569:
473:
421:
346:
338:
206:
167:
151:
107:
103:
83:
63:
2238:
440:
a variety of ducks and geese are hunted, the most common being
2475:
2073:
Bird migration: the incredible journey of North
American birds
966:
found that between 6% and 19% of the ducks live with embedded
854:
635:
588:
and calling, an experienced waterfowl hunter can successfully
631:
that conceal the hunter under the water surface are illegal.
2346:
1048:
is a migration route used by waterfowl flying from northern
1676:"Hunting | History, Methods, & Management | Britannica"
2231:– America’s Largest and Longest Standing Decoy Association
1513:. Special Publication. Champaign, Illinois. Archived from
2222:
2107:"Avian Superhighways: The Four Flyways of North America"
1511:"A Review of the Problem of Lead Poisoning in Waterfowl"
300:
hunters could kill dozens of birds with a single blast.
715:
are prohibited. Shotguns that can hold more than three
619:
are also used. Pursuing diving ducks in lakes, bays or
2015:"Underaddressed animal-welfare issues in conservation"
1851:"The effect of individual harvest on crippling losses"
1767:. United Conservation Alliance. Helena, Mont: Falcon.
1205:
The Diary of
Colonel Peter Hawker, 1802-1853; Volume 1
1099:
The experts' book of upland bird and waterfowl hunting
896:
to make every possible attempt to retrieve injured or
1765:
Beyond fair chase: the ethic and tradition of hunting
280:, at which time wildfowling was extremely popular in
981:
has been mostly overlooked by government officials.
19:"Wildfowler" redirects here. For the racehorse, see
2605:
2534:
2431:
2358:
2270:
1731:
Waterfowl hunting: ducks and geese of North
America
1323:"2024-2025 — Texas Parks & Wildlife Department"
584:are used to attract birds. Using a good spread of
2191:The North American model of wildlife conservation
1662:Maple Tech: Maple in Mathematics and the Sciences
592:ducks or geese if waterfowl are flying that day.
552:The waterfowl hunting season is generally in the
2076:. Cambridge, Minnesota: Adventure Publications.
2013:Hampton, Jordan O.; Hyndman, Timothy H. (2019).
1434:Airhart, Tom; Kent, Eddie; Raymer, Kent (2017).
769:. The duck struck by the central cluster of the
684:has been used in waterfowl hunting. In the late
16:Practice of hunting waterfowl for food and sport
1509:Sanderson, Glen C.; Bellrose, Frank C. (1986).
1301:(2 ed.). Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing.
688:, lead shot was identified as a major cause of
1788:Norton, Michael R.; Thomas, Vernon G. (1994).
1056:in the autumn and back in the springtime. The
2250:
1888:Perry, Matthew C.; Geissler, Paul H. (1980).
1410:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
1383:Waterfowl identification: the LeMaster method
753:that survive but manage to escape, so called
8:
1486:Encyclopedia of North American sporting dogs
911:losses, likely range from 20% to 40% of all
2189:Mahoney, Shane P.; Geist, Valerius (2019).
1935:O'Kelley, Brian L.; Bolen, Eric G. (1985).
1890:"Incidence of Embedded Shot in Canvasbacks"
1606:Branch, Legislative Services (2024-06-10).
1228:Dizard, Jan E.; Stange, Mary Zeiss (2022).
907:not retrieving their kills, referred to as
2265:Game animals and shooting in North America
2257:
2243:
2235:
329:started to take form, to supply the local
248:guns were used. Shotguns were loaded with
32:Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom
2165:
2147:
2046:
871:Canada Migratory Game Bird Hunting Permit
658:helps to retrieve birds, and hunts down
325:, the need for more food became greater.
1408:Ducks, geese, and swans of North America
2218:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
1089:
562:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
1385:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.
951:due to hunting. The probable fate for
796:had a deep sense of justice for their
229:Modern waterfowl hunting began in the
2225:– The Leader in Wetlands Conservation
1488:. Minocqua, Wis: Willow Creek Press.
1438:. New York, NY: Skyhorse Publishing.
1429:
1427:
1008:wildfowl hunting generally occurs on
749:, there is always a risk of injuring
711:is the most common and larger than a
357:, something that today is considered
225:, by Franz Anton von Steinberg, 1759.
7:
2229:Midwest Decoy Collectors Association
1701:"Migratory Game Bird Hunting Permit"
962:study of ducks caught using nets in
580:is used to conceal the hunter while
197:capturing swimming ducks in a trap.
1207:. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
1894:The Journal of Wildlife Management
1658:"Shotgun Wounding Characteristics"
1349:Waterfowl of Eastern North America
122:. There are around 3 million
94:where they feed, or in areas with
14:
1182:. New York: Wiley. pp. 3–6.
869:, one must first obtain a valid
719:must be modified to reduce their
560:. Hunting seasons are set by the
1180:Waterfowl Ecology and Management
1101:. New York: Simon and Schuster.
373:were hunted extensively. In the
213:Rise of modern waterfowl hunting
201:were depicted in the art of the
1257:. New York, N.Y: Random House.
1145:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
1130:U.S. Department of the Interior
638:are used to retrieve the shot
1836:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
757:losses. As ducks often fly in
381:one of the biggest threats to
1:
1203:Payne-Gallwey, Ralph (1893).
785:Regulations and sportsmanship
142:Prehistoric waterfowl hunting
2684:Hunting in the United States
1406:Baldassarre, Guy A. (2014).
903:. The losses resulting from
665:that survived the shooting.
304:European settlers in America
268:firearms and from muzzle to
1459:Mackey, William J. (1987).
1381:Le Master, Richard (1986).
1253:Michener, James A. (1978).
1230:Hunting: a cultural history
947:are crippled or injured in
654:to retrieve waterfowl. The
642:. Most often hunters use a
611:) for increased stability.
412:Species of waterfowl hunted
272:guns was largely driven by
2715:
1794:Environmental Conservation
1484:Smith, Steve, ed. (2002).
804:as a challenge, where the
276:made by gunmakers such as
252:and lead shot through the
25:
18:
2344:
2111:American Bird Conservancy
1941:Wildlife Society Bulletin
1855:Wildlife Society Bulletin
1806:10.1017/S037689290003366X
1097:Petzal, David E. (1975).
832:Ontario Provincial Police
532:Modern hunting techniques
292:was invented in the late
166:times. Ducks, geese, and
1297:Walsh, Harry M. (2020).
937:contiguous United States
652:Chesapeake Bay Retriever
546:Chippewa National Forest
1656:Russell, Geoff (1994).
1612:lois-laws.justice.gc.ca
669:Shotguns and ammunition
595:Boats can be used as a
2471:Cougar (mountain lion)
2352:
2149:10.3390/ijerph16101818
2105:Kathryn (2022-05-16).
2070:Tekiela, Stan (2018).
1763:Posewitz, Jim (1994).
1346:Earley, Chris (2020).
892:It is considered good
862:
835:
727:used depends on which
549:
482:red-breasted merganser
260:. The transition from
226:
49:
2350:
865:To hunt waterfowl in
841:
818:
568:. In the autumn, the
539:
432:and have overlapping
221:Duck hunting outside
220:
150:have been hunted for
39:
2323:Snipe (common snipe)
2303:Ring-necked pheasant
2019:Conservation Biology
1728:Smith, Nick (2006).
1463:. New York: Dutton.
1461:American bird decoys
1078:Wetland conservation
516:. Sea ducks include
28:Hunting in Australia
2318:Sharp-tailed grouse
2288:Hungarian partridge
2031:2019ConBi..33..803H
1974:Norman, Fi (1976).
1544:1996Ecotx...5..279S
830:gets help from the
605:flat-bottomed boats
603:. Most popular are
540:Duck hunting using
400:that killed entire
349:ducks were used as
284:. Both the shotgun
55:is the practice of
40:Duck hunting using
2542:American alligator
2353:
2039:10.1111/cobi.13267
1680:www.britannica.com
1664:. December: 17–23.
1636:www.britannica.com
1552:10.1007/BF00119051
1517:on April 22, 1999.
1032:land during their
1006:Mississippi Flyway
883:Federal Duck Stamp
863:
836:
734:are being hunted,
644:Labrador Retriever
550:
484:. Also hunted are
227:
50:
21:Wildfowler (horse)
2666:
2665:
2638:Waterfowl hunting
2486:White-tailed deer
2351:Waterfowl hunters
2200:978-1-4214-3280-9
2083:978-1-59193-814-9
1992:10.1071/WR9760061
1980:Wildlife Research
1774:978-1-56044-302-5
1741:978-1-58923-237-2
1703:. September 2011.
1495:978-1-57223-501-4
1470:978-0-525-24500-1
1445:978-1-5107-1674-2
1417:978-1-4214-0751-7
1392:978-0-8117-2982-6
1359:978-0-2281-0247-2
1308:978-0-7643-6061-9
1264:978-0-394-50079-9
1239:978-0-262-54329-3
1108:978-0-671-21884-3
506:northern shoveler
498:green-winged teal
353:to attract other
333:living along the
193:shows a man in a
53:Waterfowl hunting
2706:
2618:Big-game hunting
2403:Northern pintail
2259:
2252:
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2179:
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2010:
2004:
2003:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1932:
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1885:
1879:
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1867:10.1002/wsb.1352
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1175:
1169:
1168:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1094:
927:harvest for the
648:Golden Retriever
518:long-tailed duck
494:blue-winged teal
478:common merganser
462:northern pintail
290:smokeless powder
187:ancient Egyptian
162:worldwide since
2714:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2699:Hunting by game
2669:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2601:
2530:
2461:Bison (buffalo)
2427:
2354:
2342:
2293:Prairie chicken
2266:
2263:
2223:Ducks Unlimited
2214:
2212:Further reading
2209:
2208:
2201:
2188:
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2012:
2011:
2007:
1973:
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1968:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1906:10.2307/3808317
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1296:
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1291:
1280:Popular Science
1277:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1227:
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1222:
1215:
1202:
1201:
1197:
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1177:
1176:
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1142:
1141:
1137:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1046:Atlantic Flyway
987:
985:Hunting grounds
792:hunters in the
787:
671:
534:
434:hunting seasons
428:share the same
414:
266:percussion lock
256:until the late
235:matchlock rifle
215:
144:
139:
96:bodies of water
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2712:
2710:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2694:Bird mortality
2691:
2686:
2681:
2671:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2658:Upland hunting
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2437:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2278:Bobwhite quail
2274:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2199:
2181:
2122:
2097:
2082:
2062:
2025:(4): 803–811.
2005:
1966:
1947:(4): 515–517.
1927:
1900:(4): 888–894.
1880:
1841:
1819:
1800:(4): 347–353.
1780:
1773:
1755:
1740:
1720:
1706:
1692:
1667:
1648:
1623:
1598:
1573:
1538:(5): 279–295.
1520:
1501:
1494:
1476:
1469:
1451:
1444:
1423:
1416:
1398:
1391:
1373:
1358:
1338:
1327:tpwd.texas.gov
1314:
1307:
1289:
1270:
1263:
1245:
1238:
1220:
1214:978-1297914959
1213:
1195:
1188:
1170:
1157:10.1086/677251
1151:(2): 235–252.
1135:
1114:
1107:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1000:grounds using
986:
983:
979:animal cruelty
977:. This act of
925:migratory bird
786:
783:
723:capacity. The
700:must today be
690:lead poisoning
670:
667:
533:
530:
413:
410:
375:Chesapeake Bay
363:Chesapeake Bay
359:animal cruelty
327:Market hunting
246:percussion cap
214:
211:
175:cave paintings
143:
140:
138:
135:
90:are hunted in
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2711:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2689:Winter sports
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2623:Bison hunting
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2597:Snowshoe hare
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2572:Gray squirrel
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2496:Mountain goat
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2441:Bighorn sheep
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2388:Greater scaup
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2349:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2328:Spruce grouse
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2313:Ruffed grouse
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2298:Mourning dove
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2260:
2255:
2253:
2248:
2246:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2202:
2196:
2192:
2185:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2123:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2066:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1842:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1781:
1776:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1649:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1599:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1531:Ecotoxicology
1524:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1462:
1455:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1437:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1409:
1402:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1342:
1339:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1300:
1293:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1189:0-471-59770-8
1185:
1181:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1139:
1136:
1131:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1110:
1104:
1100:
1093:
1090:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
990:Birds migrate
984:
982:
980:
976:
972:
969:
965:
961:
956:
954:
950:
949:North America
946:
942:
938:
934:
931:provinces of
930:
926:
922:
921:United States
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
899:
895:
894:sportsmanship
890:
888:
884:
880:
879:United States
876:
872:
868:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
833:
829:
825:
822:
817:
813:
811:
810:code of honor
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
784:
782:
780:
776:
772:
768:
765:to target an
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
739:
737:
733:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
680:
676:
668:
666:
664:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
597:hunting blind
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
578:hunting blind
575:
571:
567:
566:United States
563:
559:
555:
547:
543:
538:
531:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
438:North America
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
411:
409:
407:
403:
399:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
309:
305:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
278:Joseph Manton
275:
271:
270:breechloading
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
240:
236:
232:
224:
219:
212:
210:
208:
204:
203:Moche culture
200:
199:Muscovy ducks
196:
195:hunting blind
192:
191:Khnumhotep II
188:
184:
180:
176:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
141:
136:
134:
132:
131:United States
128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:aquatic birds
58:
54:
47:
43:
38:
33:
29:
22:
2653:Wolf hunting
2637:
2628:Deer hunting
2613:Bear hunting
2562:Fox squirrel
2535:Other quarry
2413:Ross's goose
2393:Lesser scaup
2373:Canada goose
2359:
2190:
2184:
2142:(10): 1818.
2139:
2135:
2125:
2114:. Retrieved
2110:
2100:
2072:
2065:
2048:11343/285334
2022:
2018:
2008:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1858:
1854:
1844:
1835:
1822:
1797:
1793:
1783:
1764:
1758:
1730:
1723:
1709:
1695:
1684:. Retrieved
1682:. 2024-08-07
1679:
1670:
1661:
1651:
1640:. Retrieved
1638:. 2024-08-11
1635:
1626:
1615:. Retrieved
1611:
1601:
1590:. Retrieved
1588:. 2022-04-19
1585:
1576:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1515:the original
1504:
1485:
1479:
1460:
1454:
1435:
1407:
1401:
1382:
1376:
1348:
1341:
1330:. Retrieved
1326:
1317:
1298:
1292:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1254:
1248:
1229:
1223:
1204:
1198:
1179:
1173:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1129:
1117:
1098:
1092:
1042:rice paddies
988:
957:
891:
864:
851:shot pellets
788:
779:shot pellets
740:
738:is illegal.
694:Shot pellets
675:16th century
672:
594:
551:
446:Canada goose
415:
371:Barnegat Bay
367:Delaware Bay
323:19th century
317:came to the
302:
294:19th century
258:19th century
250:black powder
231:17th century
228:
179:last ice age
145:
52:
51:
46:Toledo, Ohio
2633:Fox hunting
1586:www.fws.gov
1286:(4): 30–31.
794:Middle Ages
725:pellet size
704:-free. The
599:, known as
582:duck decoys
337:with fresh
274:innovations
242:blunderbuss
205:of ancient
164:prehistoric
92:crop fields
2673:Categories
2521:Polar bear
2516:Dall sheep
2456:Brown bear
2446:Black bear
2418:Snow goose
2378:Canvasback
2368:Black duck
2271:Game birds
2116:2024-08-30
2092:1014353260
1686:2024-08-30
1642:2024-08-31
1617:2024-09-15
1592:2024-09-14
1368:1117772207
1332:2024-09-14
1255:Chesapeake
1084:References
1038:Cornfields
767:individual
717:cartridges
673:Since the
502:bufflehead
486:black duck
470:ruddy duck
454:canvasback
450:snow goose
391:flat boats
385:was local
335:East Coast
331:population
315:immigrants
313:. As more
170:appear in
76:shorebirds
72:waterfowls
70:and other
26:See also:
2506:Pronghorn
2501:Mule deer
2451:Razorback
2423:Wood duck
2360:Waterfowl
2308:Ptarmigan
2158:1661-7827
2057:0888-8892
2000:1035-3712
1986:(1): 61.
1953:0091-7648
1914:0022-541X
1875:2328-5540
1814:1469-4387
1165:164075553
1062:waterfowl
1034:migration
1004:. In the
998:wintering
973:in their
964:Australia
953:mutilated
913:waterfowl
909:crippling
901:waterfowl
755:crippling
729:waterfowl
698:waterfowl
696:used for
656:retriever
633:Retriever
629:Sinkboxes
609:johnboats
607:(usually
514:goldeneye
490:wood duck
404:with one
383:waterfowl
355:waterfowl
298:punt guns
262:flintlock
239:flintlock
233:with the
177:from the
148:waterfowl
124:waterfowl
88:Waterfowl
2606:See also
2567:Gray fox
2433:Big game
2338:Woodcock
2176:31121932
1750:61295904
1568:40092400
1560:24193869
1070:wetlands
1058:habitats
994:breeding
992:between
935:and the
919:and the
915:shot in
898:crippled
877:and the
849:showing
828:distress
800:and saw
790:European
747:shotguns
736:buckshot
721:magazine
713:10-gauge
706:12-gauge
660:crippled
601:sneakbox
442:mallards
387:poachers
319:Americas
308:Atlantic
237:. Later
189:tomb of
172:European
160:feathers
112:wetlands
98:such as
62:such as
2679:Fowling
2648:Fishing
2643:Whaling
2592:Red fox
2587:Raccoon
2577:Opossum
2466:Caribou
2408:Redhead
2398:Mallard
2383:Gadwall
2167:6571829
2027:Bibcode
1961:3782680
1922:3808317
1540:Bibcode
1132:. 2022.
1054:Florida
1014:marshes
1002:flyways
971:pellets
929:prairie
905:hunters
861:injury.
853:in her
847:mallard
845:of the
824:mallard
806:animals
802:hunting
775:pellets
743:hunting
732:species
709:shotgun
625:capsize
564:in the
548:, 1938.
544:in the
466:gadwall
458:redhead
430:habitat
418:species
398:cannons
377:in the
321:in the
282:England
223:Lanišče
185:in the
137:History
133:alone.
129:in the
127:hunters
116:sloughs
57:hunting
48:, 1908.
2582:Rabbit
2557:Coyote
2552:Bobcat
2547:Badger
2526:Whales
2511:Muskox
2333:Turkey
2283:Chukar
2197:
2174:
2164:
2156:
2090:
2080:
2055:
1998:
1959:
1951:
1920:
1912:
1873:
1812:
1771:
1748:
1738:
1566:
1558:
1492:
1467:
1442:
1414:
1389:
1366:
1356:
1305:
1261:
1236:
1211:
1186:
1163:
1105:
1050:Quebec
1024:where
1022:rivers
1018:swamps
975:bodies
933:Canada
923:. The
917:Canada
875:Canada
867:Canada
759:flocks
621:sounds
617:canoes
613:Kayaks
586:decoys
558:winter
554:autumn
542:decoys
526:scoter
524:, and
512:, and
510:wigeon
402:flocks
395:swivel
389:using
369:, and
351:decoys
254:muzzle
181:. The
158:, and
120:coasts
100:rivers
42:decoys
2481:Moose
1957:JSTOR
1918:JSTOR
1861:(4).
1832:(PDF)
1564:S2CID
1161:S2CID
1126:(PDF)
1074:crops
1066:marsh
1030:geese
1026:ducks
1020:, or
1010:lakes
960:X-ray
945:geese
941:ducks
887:baits
843:X-ray
763:flock
751:ducks
745:with
741:When
686:1960s
663:ducks
640:ducks
574:geese
570:ducks
522:eider
474:coots
436:. In
426:geese
422:ducks
416:Many
393:with
379:1930s
343:geese
339:ducks
311:coast
286:choke
183:mural
168:swans
146:Wild
118:, or
108:ponds
104:lakes
80:sport
68:geese
64:ducks
44:near
2491:Wolf
2195:ISBN
2172:PMID
2154:ISSN
2088:OCLC
2078:ISBN
2053:ISSN
1996:ISSN
1949:ISSN
1910:ISSN
1871:ISSN
1810:ISSN
1769:ISBN
1746:OCLC
1736:ISBN
1556:PMID
1490:ISBN
1465:ISBN
1440:ISBN
1412:ISBN
1387:ISBN
1364:OCLC
1354:ISBN
1303:ISBN
1259:ISBN
1234:ISBN
1209:ISBN
1184:ISBN
1103:ISBN
1068:and
1064:are
1040:and
1028:and
996:and
968:shot
943:and
859:lung
857:and
821:shot
798:prey
771:shot
702:lead
682:shot
679:lead
636:dogs
572:and
556:and
480:and
424:and
406:shot
347:Live
341:and
288:and
244:and
207:Peru
156:down
152:meat
84:meat
82:and
78:for
30:and
2476:Elk
2162:PMC
2144:doi
2043:hdl
2035:doi
1988:doi
1902:doi
1863:doi
1802:doi
1548:doi
1284:123
1153:doi
1060:of
1052:to
958:An
855:hip
826:in
650:or
615:or
590:bag
420:of
264:to
74:or
2675::
2170:.
2160:.
2152:.
2140:16
2138:.
2134:.
2109:.
2086:.
2051:.
2041:.
2033:.
2023:33
2021:.
2017:.
1994:.
1982:.
1978:.
1955:.
1945:13
1943:.
1939:.
1916:.
1908:.
1898:44
1896:.
1892:.
1869:.
1859:46
1857:.
1853:.
1834:.
1808:.
1798:21
1796:.
1792:.
1744:.
1678:.
1660:.
1634:.
1610:.
1584:.
1562:.
1554:.
1546:.
1534:.
1426:^
1362:.
1325:.
1282:.
1159:.
1149:73
1147:.
1128:.
1076:.
1036:.
1016:,
1012:,
819:A
781:.
677:,
646:,
627:.
528:.
520:,
508:,
504:,
500:,
496:,
492:,
488:,
476:,
472:,
468:,
464:,
460:,
456:,
452:,
448:,
444:,
408:.
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