37:
154:, two Arawakan-speaking tribes native to the Upper Xingu River, are likely descendants of various tribes which came into the region in roughly the 9th or 10th century CE. Archaeological records going back to the time between 1000 and 1600 suggest that the people living in the region were mostly sedentary, with relatively large communities. These villages were built around a central plaza, and were defended with ditches and palisades. Archaeological evidence from the region suggests a strong relationship with a band of Aruak tribes stretching from the Upper Xingu to modern day
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1070:
238:
Traditionally, men are responsible for weaving baskets and collecting clay for the construction of ceramics. Women are responsible for grinding shells to mix clay, and for manually shaping clay pieces and painting them with pigments obtained from plants and fruits. Wauja pottery is often sold in the
165:
was the first
European to record the existence of the Wauja tribe in 1884. He received hints that the tribe might exist (under the name Vaurá) by other indigenous peoples that he encountered on his expedition. He discovered exactly where they existed when given a map of the region by members of the
251:, in which the boy's ear is pierced, usually occurs during August. During the period of the pohoka, the boy cannot eat fish, and his parents and godparents cannot have sexual intercourse. Flutes are played for the preceding day, and the night before the piercing, villagers sing until dawn.
186:, a type of tropical grass. Political meetings, rituals and festivals occur on the square. Traditionally, extended families consisting of blood relations resided in the same homes, though in modern times, most residences house one or two couples and their children.
158:. It is unknown what sort of relationship the Aruak-speaking people of the Upper Xingu River had with other, Carib-speaking tribes, although the current multiethnic order in the region was in place by the 18th century.
262:. Singing is held throughout the day, and nearby villages are invited to attend. Guests go fishing before returning to the village to dance. There are fights between men and women, before the singing resumes.
297:
is played, women remain in their homes with the door closed so they cannot see it. Once the noise ends, people leave their homes and bring food to the central square. After eating, men sing
359:) that can cause healing. Men and women can both be shamans, though women are unable to reach the highest training. Villages without shamans are able to use shamans in other villages.
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226:. A village can have no more than two chieftains, with the tradition being that they are the eldest son and the second son, with the eldest son being the main chieftain (
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it is traditional for women to express their displeasure with men in the village square, and during the celebrations, women can often take part in fights.
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331:, dangerous non-human spirits who can also provide some benefits for people in some circumstances. Diseases caused by the
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The largest Wauja settlement is the village of
Piyulaga. The village is centred on a square containing the
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with a central tenet being that the human soul is fragmented and susceptible to disease from the
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who allied themselves to them when they were alive. At the tree, the soul must climb a ladder (
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463:"Karl von den Steinen's Ethnographic Research among Indigenous Peoples in Brazil, 1884-1888"
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182:("house of the flutes); the surrounding residential homes are oval-shaped and made out of
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218:, it is necessary to be descended, through either parent, from a previous chieftain. The
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Exchanging Words: Language, Ritual, and
Relationality in Brazil's Xingu Indigenous Park
406:) alone. The soul of someone who dies in an accident goes to Tamalaipoho, a village in
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Girls come of age when they begin menstruating, though the female initiation ritual,
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Women's headress of the Waura on display at the
American Museum of Natural History
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O canto do Kawoká: música, cosmologia e filosofia entre os Wauja do Alto Xingu
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repeatedly for a set amount of time determined by the shaman to appease the
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576:"Estudantes da Unicamp, índios Wauja encantam com suas cerâmicas e adornos"
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The Wauja believe that after death, the soul goes to the land of the dead (
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Boys come of age when they turn 10 years old. The male initiation ritual,
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151:
86:
686:
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2046:
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1577:
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can only be treated by shamans, who are split into three groups: the
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is held, funded by the patient. Once cured, the patient must hold a
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cities and is also used as a bargaining chip with other villages.
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takes place during the dry season at a date decided by the
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begin falling from the trees. Men collect wood to create a
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concludes when the older women of the village put a cord,
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293:, where women are forbidden from entering. When the
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301:and settle disputes. The festival lasts five days.
289:, an instrument which is created and stored in the
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677:http://pib.socioambiental.org/en/povo/wauja/1115
641:"O universo visual dos xamãs wauja (Alto Xingu)"
398:tree. During the journey, they are protected by
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281:occurs between September and November when
194:Leadership among the Wauja consists of the
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258:, is only done on girls who are to become
35:
28:
682:http://www.native-languages.org/waura.htm
515:Piedade, Acácio Tadeu de Camargo (2004).
478:
130:. They live in the region near the Upper
461:Viertler, Renate Brigitte (2019-04-17).
410:, where they can be visited by shamans.
343:or sorcerer who caused the disease; the
646:Journal de la Société des Américanistes
419:
142:, and had a population of 487 in 2010.
672:National Museum of the American Indian
390:) where they must walk along a path (
222:is confirmed through a ritual called
7:
2257:
2255:
619:Federal University of Santa Catarina
603:
601:
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553:"Governabilidade e descentralizacao"
546:
544:
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526:Federal University of Santa Catarina
510:
508:
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425:
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362:For more serious diseases caused by
57:Regions with significant populations
653:: 137–160 – via Open Edition.
639:Neto, Aristóteles Barcelos (2001).
347:, who sings healing songs; and the
14:
480:10.11606/2179-0892.ra.2019.157033
2336:Indigenous peoples of the Amazon
2259:
1068:
617:(in Portuguese). Florianópolis:
608:Mello, Maria Ignez Cruz (1999).
574:Vieira, Cibele (19 April 2021).
524:(in Portuguese). Florianópolis:
206:). A male leader is known as an
202:) and chieftain of the village (
438:University of New Mexico Press
1:
210:, while a female leader is a
2341:Brazilian ethnic group stubs
2331:Indigenous peoples in Brazil
2279:. You can help Knowledge by
2267:This article related to an
120:indigenous people of Brazil
16:Indigenous people of Brazil
2357:
2254:
2117:Indigenous peoples of the
1832:Indigenous peoples of the
1681:Indigenous peoples of the
1091:Indigenous peoples of the
430:Ball, Christopher (2018).
270:, on the initiated girls.
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557:Estudios Latinoamericanos
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467:Revista de Antropologia
115:
19:For the language, see
718:Xingu Indigenous Park
339:, who identifies the
323:The Wauja believe in
184:imperata brasiliensis
136:Xingu Indigenous Park
81:Related ethnic groups
946:Villas-Bôas brothers
941:Karl von den Steinen
163:Karl von den Steinen
1834:Central-West Region
551:Dowbor, L. (1995).
161:German ethnologist
31:
2057:Mato Grosso do Sul
1075:Indigenous peoples
351:, responsible for
228:putakananku wekeho
198:of the household (
122:. Their language,
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649:(in Portuguese).
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2051:
1863:
1836:
1814:
1796:
1778:
1735:
1707:
1685:
1663:
1620:
1572:
1502:
1383:
1180:
1142:
1095:
1081:
1067:
1065:
1035:
1030:
998:
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321:
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27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2222:
2220:
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2214:
2209:
2203:
2201:
2195:
2194:
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2185:
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2181:Santa Catarina
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2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
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2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2070:Guarani-Kaiowá
2067:
2061:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1997:Kĩsêdjê (Suyá)
1994:
1989:
1984:
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243:Coming of age
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2281:expanding it
2269:ethnic group
2266:
2251:
2153:Minas Gerais
1912:Enawene Nawe
1854:Avá-Canoeiro
1463:Suruí (Pará)
1093:North Region
1023:
1016:
1009:
989:Ronuro River
984:Jabotá River
650:
644:
634:
624:24 September
622:. Retrieved
610:
588:24 September
586:. Retrieved
579:
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531:24 September
529:. Retrieved
517:
470:
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408:ywuejokupoho
407:
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388:ywuejokupoho
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375:
371:
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348:
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328:
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309:amunaw-iyajo
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278:
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248:
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227:
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220:amunaw-iyajo
219:
216:amunaw-iyajo
215:
214:. To become
211:
207:
204:amunaw-iyajo
203:
199:
193:
183:
179:
177:
160:
149:
107:
99:
95:
93:
26:Ethnic group
1907:Cinta Larga
1869:Mato Grosso
1532:Cinta Larga
1304:Pira-tapuya
1294:Parintintín
994:Xingu River
979:Ferro River
382:Eschatology
345:pukaiwekeho
283:souari nuts
200:amunaw-mona
140:Mato Grosso
132:Xingu River
2320:Categories
2226:Widespread
2143:Tupiniquim
2037:Yawalapiti
1972:Nambikwara
1902:Chiquitano
1802:Pernambuco
1539:(Rondônia)
1528:(Rondônia)
915:Yamurikuma
889:Yawalapití
799:Yawalapiti
563:: 179–202.
414:References
313:lamurikuma
305:Lamurikuma
190:Leadership
168:Suyá tribe
112:Portuguese
52:487 (2010)
2199:São Paulo
2065:Chamacoco
1992:Rikbaktsa
1962:Munduruku
1792:Potiguara
1759:Guajajara
1749:Awá-Guajá
1626:Tocantins
1606:Wapishana
1548:Karitiana
1453:Parkatêjê
1448:Munduruku
1443:Kỳikatêjê
1284:Munduruku
1133:Machinere
1118:Asháninka
924:Explorers
905:Huka-huka
814:Languages
497:151272891
489:1678-9857
400:apapaatai
394:) to the
376:apapaatai
364:apapaatai
341:apapaatai
333:apapaatai
329:apapaatai
325:shamanism
274:Festivals
260:amuluneju
212:amuluneju
196:chieftain
134:, in the
118:) are an
69:Languages
2233:Kaingang
2212:Kaingang
2171:Xakriabá
2007:Tapirapé
2002:Tapayúna
1937:Kamayurá
1932:Kalapalo
1741:Maranhão
1726:Tabajara
1649:Tapirapé
1616:Ye'kuana
1611:Yanomami
1596:Patamona
1508:Rondônia
1478:Turiwára
1458:Parakanã
1374:Yanomami
1344:Turiwára
1324:Tenharim
1244:Jamamadi
1214:Barasana
1194:Amahuaca
1186:Amazonas
1166:Karipuna
1138:Yaminawá
1123:Kaxinawá
864:Mehinaku
844:Kamayurá
839:Kalapalo
829:(Txikão)
774:Mehinako
749:Kamayurá
744:Kalapalo
392:yakunapu
319:Religion
291:kuwakuho
264:Kajatapá
256:kajatapá
180:kuwakuho
152:Mehinako
126:, is an
87:Mehinako
2189:Xokleng
2080:Kadiweu
2032:Xavante
2022:Umutina
1967:Nahukuá
1952:Kuikuro
1892:Bakairi
1784:Paraíba
1769:Krĩkatí
1764:Ka'apor
1659:Xerente
1654:Xambioá
1634:Apinajé
1591:Macushi
1586:Akawaio
1578:Roraima
1521:Akuntsu
1488:Wayampi
1483:Wai-wai
1423:Araweté
1397:Amanayé
1379:Zuruahã
1354:Wayampi
1349:Wai-wai
1314:Tariana
1309:Siriano
1224:Cambeba
1199:Apurinã
1176:Wayampi
1171:Palikur
1113:Apurinã
898:Rituals
869:Nahukwa
854:Kuikuro
835:(Yudja)
779:Nahukuá
764:Kuikuro
404:mapi'ya
355:smoke (
353:tobacco
174:Village
156:Bolivia
146:History
2273:Brazil
2217:Terena
2207:Aimoré
2166:Kaxixó
2161:Aimoré
2095:Terena
2017:Trumai
2012:Terena
1987:Paresi
1982:Panará
1977:Paiter
1957:Matipu
1947:Kayapo
1942:Karajá
1927:Kaiabi
1922:Ikpeng
1897:Bororo
1882:Apiacá
1877:Aimoré
1859:Karajá
1810:Xukuru
1754:Canela
1731:Tapeba
1721:Kiriri
1703:Pataxó
1639:Karajá
1558:Paiter
1537:Gavião
1516:Aikanã
1493:Wayana
1473:Tiriyó
1438:Kayapo
1433:Karajá
1428:Atikum
1419:(Pará)
1412:Apiacá
1407:Aparai
1402:Anambé
1369:Witoto
1359:Wayana
1339:Tucano
1334:Tiriyó
1329:Ticuna
1299:Pirahã
1279:Matsés
1264:Macuna
1259:Kulina
1254:Korubo
1209:Baniwa
1204:Banawá
1161:Kalina
1156:Aparai
1128:Kulina
1079:Brazil
1018:Kaurup
956:Rivers
910:Quarup
879:Trumai
859:Matipu
849:Kayabi
833:Juruna
827:Ikpeng
789:Trumai
769:Matipu
759:Kayapo
754:Kaiabi
739:Ikpeng
495:
487:
444:
396:ietula
349:yatamá
337:yakapá
295:matapu
287:matapu
249:pohoka
224:pohoka
208:amunaw
116:Uaurás
63:Brazil
2275:is a
2119:South
2090:Ofayé
2085:Mbayá
2075:Guató
2042:Yudjá
2027:Wauja
1917:Guató
1887:Aweti
1846:Goiás
1713:Ceará
1695:Bahia
1644:Krahô
1601:Pemon
1568:Wari’
1553:Kwaza
1543:Kanoê
1526:Arara
1468:Tembé
1417:Arara
1319:Tembé
1274:Matis
1239:Hupda
1229:Cubeo
1148:Amapá
1011:Xingu
1003:Films
884:Waurá
822:Awetï
804:Yudjá
794:Wauja
734:Aweti
615:(PDF)
522:(PDF)
493:S2CID
473:(1).
372:pukai
368:pukai
268:uluri
124:Waurá
108:Waujá
104:Waurá
100:Waura
96:Wauja
75:Waura
30:Waura
2277:stub
2121:and
2047:Zoró
1498:Zo'é
1389:Pará
1289:Mura
1269:Mawé
1249:Juma
1219:Bora
1105:Acre
874:Suyá
784:Suyá
626:2023
590:2023
533:2023
485:ISSN
442:ISBN
357:hoká
299:kuri
279:Akãi
234:Work
230:).
94:The
2271:in
1234:Dâw
1077:of
475:doi
98:or
2322::
670:,
651:87
643:.
598:^
578:.
561:16
559:.
555:.
541:^
505:^
491:.
483:.
471:62
469:.
465:.
440:.
422:^
378:.
170:.
114::
110:;
106::
2308:e
2301:t
2294:v
2283:.
1060:e
1053:t
1046:v
710:e
703:t
696:v
628:.
592:.
535:.
499:.
477::
450:.
102:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
