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flow from the federal to local level in the State of Utah. In Utah, LIHEAP funding is managed through the Home Energy
Assistance Target (HEAT) program, which is handled by the state or Association of Governments (AOG). The Mountainland AOG provides direct oversight for assistance to local government agencies in Utah, Wasatch, and Summit Counties. MAG receives nearly $ 2.5 Million annually. State of Illinois has announced in 2014 that residents can apply at two area agencies; a single-person household can qualify with a monthly income of up to $ 1,459; a two-person household up to $ 1,966; a family of three can earn up to $ 2,474; and a family of four can earn up to $ 2,981.
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Priorities (CBPP). The
President's budget proposal in 2012 significantly reduced allocation amounts to "return LIHEAP funding to historic levels received for 2008 prior to energy price spikes." The two main reasons why the budget has been cut for 2012 is because first, the building codes now require energy efficiency, modern appliances with low energy use standards and second, overall opposition to federal spending. Changes in future funding will need to consider the efficacy of program management, energy costs, the number of recipients, and other potential sources of assistance.
64:
130:
Block grants, the
Residential Energy Assistance Challenge Program, Contingency Funds, and Leveraging Incentive Programs. Allocations are based on local climate, economic, and demographic formulas. Additional funds may be available in emergency situations or as match funds when contributions are provided by local governments, private businesses, or non-profit organizations. Final distribution of funds is conducted through the program grantees, which are able to design their programs to meet consumer needs while adhering to the goals and policies of LIHEAP.
33:
394:
score above 100 indicates that LIHEAP is serving a target group of households at a rate higher than the prevalence of LIHEAP income eligible households that are members of that group. The table at right reflects the target scores from Fiscal Years (FY) 2004-2009 for households with an elderly member. The table also shows what the actual national targeting score was for FY 2004–2006.
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While the program administrators use the above measures and reports to understand how the program is working, there is greater concern that not enough funding is being brought into the program to stave off increases in fuel prices. The 2008 spike in funding was needed to address the sharp increase in
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The data from the LIHEAP Grantee Survey are included in the LIHEAP Report to
Congress. The most recent available data are for FY 2003 LIHEAP and related data are obtained from LIHEAP grantee reports and surveys, national household surveys, and other federal agencies. Much of the data are published in
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Weatherization measures may include caulking, weather-stripping, insulation, vent dampers, replacement of broken glass, repair or replacement of primary doors, and furnace tune-ups. Weatherization workers may not be able to install all the materials, but they will do the most important weatherization
310:
A press release from the
Department of Health and Human Services on June 5, 2013, indicates that $ 187.4 million was released to states to help low-income homeowners and renters with rising energy costs. This funding supplements $ 3.065 billion in grants made available earlier in the year through the
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LIHEAP pays partial winter energy bills for eligible individuals and families. Payments are usually made directly to local utility companies or vendors. To be eligible, an individual's income level must not be more than 150% of the federal poverty level. The payment amount is figured according to the
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The mission of the Low Income Energy
Assistance Program (LIEAP) (also known as Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)), created in 1981, is to assist low income households, particularly those with the lowest incomes that pay a high proportion of household income for home energy, primarily
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Funding is distributed to each of the fifty states, U.S. territories and tribal governments through the United States
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Administration of the program is left up to state, territorial or tribal governments. Congress also provides the President of the United
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Not only are fuel prices continuing to increase, program recipients are on the rise. This may be illustrated in the following chart showing the increase in households served by the program in relation to the amount of LIHEAP funds allocated to the State of Utah. Some statistics of note for the State
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Groups who receive funds are considered grantees in the program. LIHEAP grantees have flexibility to design their programs, within very broad federal guidelines, to meet the needs of their citizens. Each state may have varying departments or divisions to disseminate funds. Shown above is the program
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LIHEAP efficacy is monitored on a regular basis through its recipiency targeting index. This index quantifies the extent to which assistance eligible households are receiving LIHEAP assistance. The greatest focus of eligibility is those households with elderly, disabled, or young children. An index
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Weatherization funding peaked to over 500 million dollars in 2009 and by 2014 had decreased to about 300. In 2014, it served over 80 thousand households in over 40 states, out of over 5 million in the LIHEAP program. In total since 1976, weatherization assisted over 7 million low-income households,
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When a home is scheduled for weatherization service, a crew will come to install the necessary materials in the home. After the work is completed, the client will be asked to sign a statement saying the work was done properly and to the client's satisfaction. Surveys have shown that weatherizing a
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LIHEAP provides funding assistance to low-income households, targeting those who are truly vulnerable: the disabled, elderly, and families with preschool-age children. Funding is distributed to states or other governmental entities, who administer the program and stems from four sources including:
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When a client completes and turns in an application for LIHEAP, they are automatically enrolled in WAP. After the application is processed, it usually takes one to two weeks to receive financial assistance for their heating and energy bills. During this time, the applicant is contacted by the WAP
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It encourages grantees to look for ways to add non-federal dollars or other resources to their LIHEAP programs. Additionally, grantees are encouraged to integrate and coordinate with other energy assistance programs to provide non-federal energy assistance to low-income households who meet LIHEAP
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As of 2001, 54 REACH grants had been funded creating an annual budget of $ 6 Million, or one half of a one percent of the total funding for the LIHEAP program. These grants have been used to create weatherization materials, workshops on energy efficiency measures for homes, budget counseling, and
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LIHEAP is administered by the
Department of Health and Human Services. Several federal divisions provide oversight and direction to the program. These include the Administration for Children and Family Services, the Office of Community Services, and the Division of Energy Assistance. The federal
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Congress appropriated $ 3.47 Billion toward the program in 2012. Over the past decade, funding for LIHEAP has trended closely with winter fuel prices, except for the federal fiscal years of 2009–2011, when funding leapt above the winter fuel price index tracked by the Center on Budget and Policy
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Low Income Home Energy
Assistance Programs (LIHEAP) and Weatherization Assistance Programs (WAP) work together to help low-income individuals and families pay energy bills and reduce energy costs. This article gives of overview of each program and describes how they work together. LIHEAP and WAP
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Certified Energy
Auditors perform energy audits on a home to help locate efficiency problems. Once an audit is complete, the program can help by insulating walls and windows, replacing broken glass, and testing, repairing, and/or replacing combustion appliances. Like the LIHEAP, an individual's
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Contingency funds are funds that are released to assist with home energy needs due to emergency situations. They may be allocated to one or more grantees, or to all grantees, based on criteria appropriate to the nature of the emergency. Generally, these funds are released in response to extreme
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The Residential Energy Assistance Challenge Program (REACH) "provides grants that fund demonstration projects to test various approaches to help low-income families reduce their energy usage and become more self-sufficient in meeting their home energy needs." Local community-based agencies that
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LIHEAP offers one-time financial assistance to qualifying low-income households who require support in paying their home heating or cooling bills. Applicants must have an income less than 150% of federal poverty level or 60% of state median poverty level to be eligible, however some states have
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Some states have attempted to enact Percentage of Income Payment (PIP) plans within or in addition to the traditional LIHEAP block grant model. Although overall funding has increased since 2002, future funding may be limited due to the recent trend in cutting the budget based on building codes
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State legislatures often provide additional appropriations each year to supplement federal LIHEAP funds. In most states, the program is run on a first come-first served basis. This typically results in a rush to apply and receive assistance, because once the funding pool is empty most energy
192:. In 1984, the Human Services Reauthorization Act added a new goal to provide funds for cooling costs of low-income households. Congress also required the use of more recent population and energy data, which meant the shifting of funds from solely cold-weather states to warm-weather states.
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Block grants account for the majority of dollars distributed for the LIHEAP program. To be granted a block grant, states, territories, Indian tribes, and tribal organizations that wish to assist low-income households in meeting the costs of home energy, may apply for a LIHEAP block grant.
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which received free home improvements worth an average of about $ 5,000. The most common measures were furnace replacement, attic and wall insulation, and infiltration reduction. A random trial in Michigan estimated that the measures reduced energy consumption by 10-20 % on average.
366:, the Energy Assistance office and Weatherization departments (which are part of the Human Resources Council, District XII) are in charge of LIHEAP and WAP. Each department offers several other programs that assist low-income individuals and families with heating and energy issues.
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The amount of funding available for actual assistance comes from four major sources including: Block grants, the Residential Energy Assistance Challenge Program, Contingency Funds, and Leveraging Incentive Programs. The following is a synopsis of how these sources tie into LIHEAP.
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have formed consumer cooperatives to purchase home energy. State projects run for three years, and state grantees are required to contract for third-party evaluations and to report after the conclusion of the project on the effectiveness of the approaches that they have tried.
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program through which funds are distributed to the target population. This program is specifically administered by the state and various Associations of Governments (AOG). The Mountain land AOG provides H.E.A.T. assistance to persons in Utah, Wasatch, and Summit Counties.
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on wood that is negotiated by a tribal LIHEAP coordinator with a wood supplier. The amount of the discount, given to LIHEAP eligible households, would be reported as a leveraged or non-federal resource and be eligible for additional funding to the tribe.
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support, in which contractors are sent to residences to make physical changes to help retain heat or install more fuel-efficient furnaces. Occasionally, acceptance of the weatherization process is mandatory with approval for LIHEAP assistance.
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States with limited contingency funds each year, which are reserved for emergency situations and released at the President's discretion. State legislatures often provide additional appropriations each year to supplement federal LIHEAP funds.
176:, modern appliances with low energy use standards, and concerns about federal budget sustainability. As the program moves forward, the budget being cut along with the rise of applicants are the two major challenges it faces.
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weather conditions or energy price increases. In the 1980s, contingency funding was only used twice. In the 1990s, it was used eight times, and since the year 2000 there has been a call for contingency funding every year.
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George Shelton, HHS acting assistant secretary for the Administration for Children and Families, stated that high temperatures translate into high energy bills for families who are already struggling to make ends meet.
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government does not provide LIHEAP assistance to the public. Instead, the federal government provides funds to states, federal or state-recognized Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and insular areas to administer.
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may make a politically popular gesture of extending eligibility to additional individuals through an emergency bill or executive order, even though this may result in funds being claimed earlier in the winter season.
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Stone, C., Sherman, A., & Shaw, H. (2011, February 18). Administration's Rationale for Severe Cut in Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Is Weak. Retrieved September 19, 2012, from Budget and Policy Priorities:
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration Services, (2012, October 5). LIHEAP Fact Sheet. Retrieved from Office of Community Services an Office of the Administration for Children and Families:
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department. Before a client's home can be weatherized, an auditor comes to the home to complete an energy audit. The auditor is trained to determine the most cost-efficient weatherization measures for the home.
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331:(WAP) was created in 1976 to help low-income families reduce energy consumption and costs. WAP is governed by various federal regulations designed to help manage and account for the resources provided by the
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In addition to providing matching funds through the Leveraging Incentive Program, LIHEAP strives to coordinate efforts with private utility companies and non-profits where federal funding is not available.
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The funding serves to help families pay their heating and electricity, as well as make weather-related improvements to their homes. This helps to prevent these families from having service interruptions.
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income level must be at or below 150% of the federal poverty level to be eligible for the WAP. Many state WAPs and LIHEAPs work together to provide the best energy services for low-income households.
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eligibility criteria. Participation in this program is optional, but if non-federal dollars are reported, the grantee can receive additional LIHEAP funds. An example of this program is to leverage a
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households, particularly those with the lowest incomes that pay a high proportion of household income for home energy, primarily in meeting their immediate home energy needs. The program, part of the
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home heating oil. The recent decrease in allocations prior to 2008 levels may not be enough to handle the continued climbing of heating costs and its effect on many households with low incomes.
335:(DOE). WAP funding is derived from annual appropriations from Congress. Each year, the Senate and House Interior Appropriations committees decide how much funding to allocate to the Program.
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LIHEAP and WAP are the cornerstones of any public energy assistance program. Often, the two programs not only work together, they automatically encompass each other. At the
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration Services for Children & Families, (2012, October 2). Retrieved from LIHEAP Clearing House:
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The Leveraging Incentive Program is designed to reward those grantees that have acquired non-federal leveraged resources for their LIHEAP programs.
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LIHEAP is funded by annual appropriations to the Department of Health & Human Services. The funding for the fiscal year 2017 is $ 3.09 billion.
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Each December, state LIHEAP grantees are required to report on the LIHEAP Grantee Survey the following data for the previous federal fiscal year:
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Perl, L. (2010). The LIHEAP Formula: Legislative History and Current Law. Washington D.C.: Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from
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Henetz, P. (2011, October 7). Less Federal Help Expected for Low-Income Utahns' Heating Bills. Retrieved from The Salt Lake Tribune:
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with limited contingency funds each year, which are reserved for emergency situations and released at the President's discretion.
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Wein, O. (2012, October 1). The Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP). Retrieved from National Consumer Law Center:
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Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Community Services, LIHEAP Program
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Besides working together to provide energy assistance, LIHEAP and WAP programs around the country provide information about
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implement innovative plans to help LIHEAP eligible households reduce their energy vulnerability can receive these funds.
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to answer the concerns of the rising energy prices of the 1970s. In 1981, LIEAP was replaced with LIHEAP as part of the
114:(HHS). Administration of the program is left up to state, territorial or tribal governments. Congress also provides the
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Hansell, D. A. (2012). FY 2012 Online Performance Appendix. Washington D.C: Department of Health and Human Services.
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LIHEAP history began in 1980 when congress created the Low Income Energy Assistance Program (LIEAP), as part of the
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LIHEAP Clearinghouse (2012, October 3). Utahns to Get Reduced LIHEAP Benefit. Retrieved from LIHEAP Clearinghouse:
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energy assistance offices, clients are automatically enrolled in the WAP when they are enrolled in the LIHEAP.
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literature is also examined. Finally, a section detailing literacy in low-income consumers is included.
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Funding is distributed to each of the fifty states, U.S. territories and tribal governments through the
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This association is fitting being that the LIHEAP and WAP are usually located in the same office. In
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489:"Do Energy Efficiency Investments Deliver? Evidence from the Weatherization Assistance Program"
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571:"HHS releases $ 187.4 million to states to help offset energy costs for low-income households"
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HEAT program helped prevent 10,243 households, that had shut off notices, from being shut off
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https://web.archive.org/web/20120417031043/http://www.neada.org/publications/2010-07-06.pdf
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SEALworks recorded that 1,619 households were shut off before coming in for HEAT assistance
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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federal social services program first established in 1981 and funded annually through
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https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235006/http://liheap.ncat.org/news/mar11/utah.htm
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in meeting their immediate home energy needs. The program, part of the United States
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Almost $ 375,769 in regular HEAT Crisis assistance assisted 1,373 families in 2011
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The program assisted 10,875 elderly households to receive HEAT assistance in 2011
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the department's LIHEAP Home Energy Notebook and the LIHEAP Report to Congress.
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http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/53201355-78/federal-income-low-utah.html.csp
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http://www.nclc.org/images/pdf/energy_utility_telecom/liheap/liheap-2page.pdf
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such as tips including replacing light bulbs with LED light bulbs and using
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https://web.archive.org/web/20121018090108/http://liheap.ncat.org/wwa.htm
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Outreach and Assistance for Socially Disadvantaged Farmers and Ranchers
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126:, applicants must be within 60% of the estimated State Median Income).
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Weatherization Assistance Program Technical Assistance Center (WAPTAC)
303:(DHHS), is funded by grants appropriated from the federal government.
98:(HHS), is funded by grants appropriated from the federal government.
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expanded their programs to include more households (for example, in
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Fowlie, Meredith; Greenstone, Michael; Wolfram, Catherine (2018).
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maximum income cutoffs chosen by States for four-person households
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http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ocs/resource/liheap-fact-sheet-0
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The program assisted 17,947 people who have disabilities in 2011
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home can significantly decrease winter heating or energy bills.
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The program served 18,592 families with young children in 2011
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EERE Department of Energy Weatherization Assistance Program
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assistance offices close their doors. In some states, the
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Overview of the Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP)
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Residential Energy Assistance Challenge Program (REACH)
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Single Family Housing Direct Home Loans (Section 502)
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http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&id=3406
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size and type of your home, as well as type of fuel.
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United States Department of Health and Human Services
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Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP).
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553:"LIHEAP and WAP Funding - The LIHEAP Clearinghouse"
90:appropriations. The mission of LIHEAP is to assist
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531:"Heating bill help available from state program"
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760:social welfare programs in the United States
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1036:Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program
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838:Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
407:average household benefits for assistance
76:Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program
1006:Government National Mortgage Association
68:Administration for Children and Families
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774:Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
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301:Department of Health and Human Services
112:Department of Health and Human Services
966:Child care and development block grant
163:Many state LIHEAP agencies also offer
520:Fiscal Year 2012 LIHEAP Annual Report
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971:HOME Investment Partnerships Program
853:Nutrition Assistance for Puerto Rico
789:Social Security Disability Insurance
940:Children's Health Insurance Program
833:Commodity Supplemental Food Program
817:Office of Public and Indian Housing
602:Campaign for Home Energy Assistance
496:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
452:Coordination with Outside Programs
343:within the dollar limits allowed.
186:Crude Oil Windfall Profits Tax Act
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956:Community Development Block Grant
868:Farmers' Market Nutrition Program
848:Child and Adult Care Food Program
329:Weatherization Assistance Program
190:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
18:Weatherization Assistance Program
474:"LIHEAP Report to Congress 2014"
285:How LIHEAP and WAP work together
82:, pronounced "lie" "heap") is a
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961:Community Services Block Grant
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153:Home Energy Assistance Target
784:Supplemental Security Income
351:Enrollment in LIHEAP and WAP
268:Leveraging Incentive Program
883:Nutrition Assistance Grants
873:Summer Food Service Program
591:Apply For LIHEAP Assistance
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533:. JG-TC. 11 September 2014
155:(H.E.A.T.) program is the
1016:HUD Neighborhood Networks
385:LIHEAP funding up to 2012
40:This article needs to be
981:Mutual self-help housing
863:School Breakfast Program
401:sources of LIHEAP funds
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949:Grants & subsidies
794:Unemployment insurance
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1050:State & territory
991:NeighborWorks America
651:LIEAP Montana (Butte)
624:State LIHEAP Programs
593:@liheapassistance.org
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878:Special Milk Program
666:LHEAP New York state
656:LIHEAP New Hampshire
641:LIHEAP Massachusetts
607:LIHEAP Clearinghouse
557:liheapch.acf.hhs.gov
404:uses of LIHEAP funds
333:Department of Energy
134:State administration
106:Funding distribution
1093:Residential heating
812:Section 8 (housing)
671:LIHEAP Pennsylvania
476:. December 7, 2016.
375:energy conservation
259:Contingency funding
976:Housing trust fund
909:Head Start Program
888:Reduced-price meal
508:10.1093/qje/qjy005
327:The United States
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1021:Renewal community
767:Transfer payments
661:LIHEAP New Mexico
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575:ACF Archive - ACF
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294:Overview of LIEAP
174:energy efficiency
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676:LIHEAP Texas
646:LIHEAP Maine
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537:22 September
535:. Retrieved
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419:Energy costs
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1067:Puerto Rico
379:Energy Star
141:legislature
1082:Categories
1057:California
461:References
172:requiring
92:low income
902:Education
116:President
1062:New York
1041:Lifeline
935:Medicaid
930:Medicare
278:discount
145:governor
1001:HOPE VI
357:Montana
180:History
42:updated
80:LIHEAP
492:(PDF)
826:Food
539:2014
151:The
74:The
70:logo
843:WIC
504:doi
500:133
143:or
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