116:
66:
25:
365:
Guinard, Trifa and Wilde. Guinard, Trifa and Wilde ran the first
International Workshop in 2010 on the Web of Things and has been an annual occurrence since. These workshops morphed into a growing community of researchers and practitioners could discuss the latest findings and ideas on the Web of Things .
364:
Following this, Guinard and Trifa presented their end-to-end implementation of the concepts and presented it in a peer-reviewed publication accepted at the World Wide Web conference in 2009. Building on this implementation and uniting efforts, a RESTful architecture for things was proposed in 2010 by
360:
However, a number of researchers in the WSN community started considering these ideas more seriously. In early 2009, several respected WSN researchers such as David Culler, Jonathan Hui, Adam
Dunkels and Yazar Dogan evaluated the use of Internet and Web protocols for low-power sensor nodes and showed
327:
started to raise some questions about the application layer of the IoT. While most of the work in the IoT space focused on network protocols, there was a need to think about the convergence of data from IoT devices. Researchers and practitioners started envisioning the IoT as a system where data from
348:
started talking about a Web of Things at various W3C and IoT events. Erik Wilde published "Putting Things to REST", a self-published concept paper looking at utilizing REST to sense and control physical objects. Early mentions of the Web of Things as a term also appeared in a paper by Vlad Stirbu et
339:
started the Web of Things online community and published the first WoT manifesto, advocating the use of Web standards (REST, Lightweight semantics, etc.) to build the application layer of the IoT. The manifesto was published together with an implementation on the Sun SPOT platform. At the same time,
244:
about a Thing, such as a title, ID, descriptions, etc. A Thing
Description also describes all available actions, events, and properties of a Thing, as well as all available security mechanisms to access them. TDs are highly flexible in order to guarantee interoperability. In addition to the standard
368:
In 2011, two of the first PhD thesis on the Web of Things were presented at ETH Zurich: Building Blocks for a
Participatory Web of Things: Devices, Infrastructures, and Programming Frameworks from Vlad Trifa and A Web of Things Application Architecture – Integrating the Real-World into the Web from
256:
uses a large variety of protocols to interact with Things since there does not exist a suitable protocol. One of the main challenges for the Web of Things is to handle the variety of protocols and interaction mechanisms. This problem is tackled through the
Binding Templates. WoT Binding Templates
304:
In WoT architecture, security is relevant to all aspects of the architecture. Specification of each WoT building block contains several considerations regarding the security and privacy of that particular block. Security is supported by certain explicit features, such as public metadata in Thing
391:
The Web of Things
Interest Group identified the required set of standards needed for the Web of Things in February 2017. The Working Group has started working on four deliverables called WoT Architecture, WoT Thing Description, WoT Scripting API, and WoT Binding Templates.
319:
Connecting objects to the Web arguably started around the year 2000. In 2002, a peer-reviewed paper presented the
Cooltown project. This project explored the use of URLs to address and HTTP interact with physical objects such as public screens or printers.
356:
research community on the basis that
Internet and Web protocols were too verbose and limited in the context of real-world devices, preferring to focus on optimization of memory and computation usage, wireless bandwidth, or very short duty cycles.
702:
Kindberg, T.; Barton, J.; Morgan, J.; Becker, G.; Caswell, D.; Debaty, P.; Gopal, G.; Frid, M.; Krishnan, V.; Morris, H.; Schettino, J.; Serra, B.; Spasojevic, M. (2000). "People, places, things: Web presence for the real world".
387:
The same year, Siemens announced the creation of a research group dedicated to the Web of Things. In
October 2014, Google also announced its interest in these ideas by launching the Physical Web GitHub project.
2654:
2274:
1270:
257:
provide a collection of communication metadata blueprints to support various IoT solutions. A Binding
Template is created only once and then can be reused in any Thing Description.
2280:
228:. A Thing Description describes a virtual or a physical device (Thing). It defines an information model of a Thing based on semantic vocabulary and a serialization based on
376:
In 2014, the W3C showed an increased interest on the Web of Things and organized the W3C Workshop on the Web of Things, under the lead of Dave Raggett together with
352:
From 2007 onwards, Trifa, Guinard, Wilde and other researchers tried publishing their ideas and concepts at peer-reviewed conferences but their work was rejected by
281:
of IoT systems. It also enables creating of reusable scripts to implement the device logic, which significantly improves the portability of the application modules.
331:
The idea of the Web as an application layer for the IoT started to emerge in 2007. Several researchers started working in parallel to these concepts. Amongst them,
2316:
1575:
82:
Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance.
1585:
75:
2132:
1595:
824:
2268:
1866:
1409:
1266:
1216:
1116:
781:
1916:
992:
730:
547:
1085:
2154:
1942:
1580:
1051:
1558:
2700:
2309:
1999:
1848:
411:
273:-based application API in a similar manner to how web browsers provide an API for web applications. By having a universal application
139:
126:
1669:
931:
876:
450:
176:
158:
97:
52:
681:
369:
Dominique Guinard. Building on this work, Simon Mayer emphasized the importance of REST's uniform interface, and in particular the
652:
616:
2111:
1605:
964:. WWW (International World Wide Web Conferences), Enterprise Mashups and Lightweight Composition on the Web (MEM 2009) Workshop.
2364:
1989:
2435:
1756:
1563:
353:
38:
2496:
2302:
1958:
1371:
1321:
305:
Descriptions and separation of concerns in the design of Scripting API. In addition, there is also a specification called
278:
2080:
1963:
1528:
2695:
2685:
1402:
1346:
1296:
1245:
2613:
1876:
1191:
2054:
1858:
1538:
1496:
1449:
1436:
1418:
233:
197:
2680:
1610:
1464:
975:
Guinard, Dominique; Trifa, Vlad; Wilde, Erik (2010). "A resource oriented architecture for the Web of Things".
473:
902:
Proceedings of the First ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings - Build
380:
and the COMPOSE European project. This workshop leads to the creation of the Web of Things Interest Group at
245:
functionality, it defines a mechanism to extend the functionality (through the Context Extension Framework).
2690:
2389:
1994:
1891:
1886:
1501:
1479:
1141:
565:. Proceedings of the World Wide Web Conference 2011, Hyderabad, India. Association for Computing Machinery.
2004:
1798:
1395:
909:
854:
820:
708:
1020:
269:
is an optional building block of the Web of Things. It eases IoT application development by providing an
2547:
2070:
1600:
1553:
1491:
1044:
Building Blocks for a Participatory Web of Things: Devices, Infrastructures, and Programming Frameworks
506:
Building Blocks for a Participatory Web of Things: Devices, Infrastructures, and Programming Frameworks
2379:
2325:
1684:
1523:
1212:
1166:
900:
Yazar, Dogan; Dunkels, Adam (2009). "Efficient application integration in IP-based sensor networks".
1110:
914:
859:
845:
Hui, Jonathan W.; Culler, David E. (2008). "IP is dead, long live IP for wireless sensor networks".
2359:
2229:
2221:
1721:
1548:
1506:
956:
774:
713:
2430:
2354:
2245:
2237:
2160:
2030:
1615:
1076:
998:
937:
882:
755:
736:
488:
401:
324:
253:
201:
44:
2075:
1042:
504:
284:
The current reference implementation of the WoT scripting API is an open-source project called
2588:
2344:
2213:
2101:
2096:
1657:
988:
927:
872:
726:
543:
446:
426:
332:
225:
560:
520:
2618:
1731:
980:
919:
864:
718:
237:
2644:
2598:
2537:
2009:
1896:
1484:
416:
212:
The four WoT building blocks provide a way to implement systems that conform with the WoT
307:
673:
2623:
2567:
2522:
2471:
2349:
1968:
1926:
1711:
1474:
644:
608:
536:
274:
805:
Stirbu, V. (2008). "Towards a RESTful Plug and Play Experience in the Web of Things".
2674:
2659:
2532:
2420:
1808:
1736:
1726:
1459:
2593:
2583:
2486:
1002:
941:
886:
406:
341:
213:
1387:
1078:
A Web of Things Application Architecture – Integrating the Real-World into the Web
740:
490:
A Web of Things Application Architecture – Integrating the Real-World into the Web
1843:
1694:
2628:
2608:
2339:
2205:
2137:
2106:
1664:
1647:
1444:
1367:
847:
Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Embedded network sensor systems – Sen
587:
328:
various devices could be consumed by Web applications to create new use cases.
285:
2649:
2603:
2557:
2425:
2190:
1716:
1674:
1637:
1568:
1317:
809:. Semantic Computing, 2008 IEEE International Conference on. pp. 512–517.
421:
336:
270:
984:
722:
323:
Following this early work, the growing interest in and implementation of the
2440:
1828:
1766:
923:
868:
705:
Proceedings Third IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications
1342:
522:
Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures
478:
Proc. of IoT 2010 (IEEE International Conference on the Internet of Things)
2562:
2552:
2481:
2476:
2374:
1778:
1746:
1706:
1642:
1454:
1292:
1267:"W3C Web of Things joint IG/WG meeting in Santa Clara, 5–9 February 2016"
1237:
531:
241:
1187:
2506:
2466:
2461:
2405:
2294:
2165:
1921:
1771:
1533:
377:
370:
2542:
2501:
2491:
2195:
2116:
1984:
1906:
1788:
1741:
1679:
1632:
1543:
232:. TD can be considered as the main entry point for a Thing, like an
2410:
2527:
2415:
2369:
1911:
1881:
1871:
1833:
1783:
1761:
1751:
1689:
1627:
1622:
1516:
240:
by providing both human and machine-readable (and understandable)
1137:
1016:
462:
2445:
1901:
1803:
1590:
1511:
229:
2298:
1391:
2025:
1838:
1793:
1701:
1469:
763:. Internet of Things 2010 International Conference (IoT 2010).
381:
345:
311:, guiding a variety of security and privacy related concerns.
266:
109:
59:
18:
463:"Proceedings of International Workshops on the Web of Things"
440:
958:
Towards the Web of Things: Web Mashups for Embedded Devices
1162:
525:. Doctoral dissertation. University of California, Irvine.
807:
Semantic Computing, 2008 IEEE International Conference on
577:
291:
474:"A Resource Oriented Architecture for the Web of Things"
134:
757:
A Resource Oriented Architecture for the Web of Things
754:
Guinard, Dominique; Trifa, Vlad; Wilde, Erik (2010).
2637:
2576:
2515:
2454:
2398:
2332:
2261:
2204:
2179:
2147:
2125:
2089:
2063:
2043:
2018:
1977:
1951:
1935:
1857:
1821:
1435:
1426:
472:Guinard, Dominique; Vlad Trifa; Erik Wilde (2010).
559:Fortuna, Carolina; Grobelnik, Marko (2011-03-09).
535:
224:The key component of WoT building blocks is the
2310:
1403:
1017:"International Workshop on the Web of Things"
143:that contextualizes different points of view.
129:to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies
8:
200:(W3C) for the interoperability of different
384:and the submission of the Web Thing Model.
76:promotes the subject in a subjective manner
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2317:
2303:
2295:
2183:
2047:
1432:
1410:
1396:
1388:
913:
858:
712:
204:(IoT) platforms and application domains.
177:Learn how and when to remove this message
159:Learn how and when to remove this message
98:Learn how and when to remove this message
955:Guinard, Dominique; Trifa, Vlad (2009).
439:Guinard, Dominique; Vlad, Trifa (2015).
2269:International World Wide Web Conference
600:
16:Objects connected to the World Wide Web
1213:"Siemens Web of Things Research Group"
277:, Scripting API solves the problem of
196:) describes a set of standards by the
7:
1943:Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
821:"5 Years of Web of Things Workshops"
639:
637:
635:
633:
542:. O'Reilly (published May 8, 2007).
1273:from the original on 6 October 2019
1138:"W3C Workshop on the Web of Things"
674:"Web of Things (WoT) Scripting API"
308:WoT Security and Privacy Guidelines
73:This article contains wording that
1112:Interacting with the Web of Things
645:"Web of Things (WoT) Architecture"
609:"Web of Things (WoT) Architecture"
78:without imparting real information
14:
361:the feasibility of the approach.
34:This article has multiple issues.
114:
64:
23:
2166:Multimodal Interaction Activity
2126:Community & business groups
1374:from the original on 2019-10-06
1349:from the original on 2019-10-06
1324:from the original on 2019-10-06
1299:from the original on 2019-10-06
1248:from the original on 2019-01-30
1219:from the original on 2018-01-28
1194:from the original on 2018-03-21
1169:from the original on 2021-03-09
1144:from the original on 2019-02-09
1119:from the original on 2021-03-19
1091:from the original on 2016-03-03
1057:from the original on 2016-03-03
1023:from the original on 2016-10-14
827:from the original on 2017-01-09
787:from the original on 2017-08-09
684:from the original on 2020-11-26
655:from the original on 2020-04-14
619:from the original on 2020-04-14
300:Security and Privacy Guidelines
236:page for a website. TDs foster
42:or discuss these issues on the
2436:Radio-frequency identification
373:principle, in his PhD thesis.
1:
977:2010 Internet of Things (IoT)
519:Fielding, Roy Thomas (2000).
1964:Web Accessibility Initiative
290:, which is developed by the
2249:(browser/editor, 1996–2012)
1368:"W3C WoT Binding Templates"
1318:"W3C WoT Thing Description"
1075:Guinard, Dominique (2011).
562:Tutorial: The Web of Things
487:Guinard, Dominique (2011).
2717:
442:Building the Web of Things
2701:World Wide Web Consortium
2186:
2055:World Wide Web Foundation
2050:
1959:Markup Validation Service
1539:Linked Data Notifications
1419:World Wide Web Consortium
198:World Wide Web Consortium
2390:Wireless sensor networks
985:10.1109/IOT.2010.5678452
775:"Putting things to REST"
723:10.1109/MCSA.2000.895378
402:Internet of Things (IoT)
354:Wireless Sensor Networks
2614:Josef Preishuber-Pflügl
1343:"W3C WoT Scripting API"
924:10.1145/1810279.1810289
869:10.1145/1460412.1460415
417:Home automation devices
1293:"W3C WoT Architecture"
588:"IETF CoRE WG charter"
578:"Web of Things at W3C"
220:Thing Description (TD)
2548:Internet refrigerator
1115:(Ph.D.). ETH Zurich.
1109:Mayer, Simon (2014).
1084:(Ph.D.). ETH Zurich.
1050:(Ph.D.). ETH Zurich.
530:Richardson, Leonard;
226:WoT Thing Description
137:by rewriting it in a
2380:Ubiquitous computing
2326:Ambient intelligence
1269:. 27 February 2017.
1041:Trifa, Vlad (2011).
538:RESTful Web Services
512:(Ph.D.). ETH Zurich.
503:Trifa, Vlad (2011).
496:(Ph.D.). ETH Zurich.
2360:Object hyperlinking
1163:"W3C Web of Things"
2696:Internet of things
2686:Web 2.0 neologisms
2431:Machine to machine
2355:Internet of things
2275:Steering Committee
2155:Device Description
2133:Web Advertising BG
1238:"The Physical Web"
707:. pp. 19–28.
325:Internet of things
265:The WoT Scripting
202:Internet of things
2668:
2667:
2589:Gaetano Borriello
2345:Context awareness
2292:
2291:
2257:
2256:
2175:
2174:
2039:
2038:
1188:"Web Thing Model"
994:978-1-4244-7413-4
732:978-0-7695-0816-0
549:978-0-596-52926-0
333:Dominique Guinard
249:Binding Templates
187:
186:
179:
169:
168:
161:
123:This article may
108:
107:
100:
57:
2708:
2619:John Seely Brown
2319:
2312:
2305:
2296:
2281:First conference
2250:
2242:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2184:
2048:
2031:XHTML+MathML+SVG
1450:Activity Streams
1433:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1090:
1083:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1056:
1049:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1013:
1007:
1006:
979:. pp. 1–8.
972:
966:
965:
963:
952:
946:
945:
917:
897:
891:
890:
862:
842:
836:
835:
833:
832:
817:
811:
810:
802:
796:
795:
793:
792:
786:
779:
771:
765:
764:
762:
751:
745:
744:
716:
699:
693:
692:
690:
689:
670:
664:
663:
661:
660:
641:
628:
627:
625:
624:
605:
591:
581:
566:
553:
541:
526:
513:
511:
497:
495:
481:
466:
456:
412:Connected device
293:Eclipse Thingweb
238:interoperability
182:
175:
164:
157:
153:
150:
144:
140:balanced fashion
118:
117:
110:
103:
96:
92:
89:
83:
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2681:Cloud standards
2671:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2645:Ambient Devices
2633:
2599:Stefano Marzano
2572:
2538:Home automation
2511:
2450:
2394:
2328:
2323:
2293:
2288:
2253:
2248:
2240:
2232:
2224:
2216:
2200:
2171:
2143:
2121:
2085:
2059:
2035:
2014:
1973:
1947:
1931:
1897:SMIL Timesheets
1853:
1817:
1722:Information Set
1507:Geolocation API
1437:Recommendations
1428:
1422:
1416:
1386:
1377:
1375:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1352:
1350:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1327:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1302:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1251:
1249:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1222:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1197:
1195:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1172:
1170:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1147:
1145:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1122:
1120:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1026:
1024:
1015:
1014:
1010:
995:
974:
973:
969:
961:
954:
953:
949:
934:
915:10.1.1.158.3650
899:
898:
894:
879:
860:10.1.1.562.6336
844:
843:
839:
830:
828:
819:
818:
814:
804:
803:
799:
790:
788:
784:
777:
773:
772:
768:
760:
753:
752:
748:
733:
701:
700:
696:
687:
685:
672:
671:
667:
658:
656:
643:
642:
631:
622:
620:
607:
606:
602:
598:
586:
576:
573:
558:
550:
529:
518:
509:
502:
493:
486:
480:. Tokyo, Japan.
471:
461:
453:
438:
435:
433:Further reading
398:
317:
302:
263:
251:
222:
210:
208:Building blocks
183:
172:
171:
170:
165:
154:
148:
145:
135:help improve it
132:
119:
115:
104:
93:
87:
84:
81:
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2714:
2712:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2691:World Wide Web
2688:
2683:
2673:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2655:Ebbits project
2652:
2647:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2624:Bruce Sterling
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2568:Smarter Planet
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2523:Ambient device
2519:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2350:Device ecology
2347:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2299:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2283:("WWW1", 1994)
2278:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2243:
2235:
2227:
2219:
2210:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2163:
2158:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2090:Working groups
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2064:Elected groups
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1969:Web Components
1966:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1927:XMLHttpRequest
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1861:
1859:Working drafts
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1616:Filter Effects
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1392:
1385:
1384:
1359:
1334:
1309:
1284:
1258:
1229:
1204:
1179:
1154:
1129:
1101:
1067:
1033:
1008:
993:
967:
947:
932:
908:. p. 43.
892:
877:
853:. p. 15.
837:
823:. 2014-10-23.
812:
797:
766:
746:
731:
714:10.1.1.24.4651
694:
665:
629:
599:
597:
594:
593:
592:
583:
582:
572:
571:External links
569:
568:
567:
555:
554:
548:
527:
515:
514:
499:
498:
483:
482:
468:
467:
458:
457:
451:
434:
431:
430:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
397:
394:
316:
313:
301:
298:
275:runtime system
262:
259:
250:
247:
221:
218:
209:
206:
185:
184:
167:
166:
122:
120:
113:
106:
105:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2713:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2661:
2660:IPSO Alliance
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2533:Connected car
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2421:IEEE 802.15.4
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2385:Web of Things
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2308:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2247:
2244:
2239:
2236:
2231:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:Closed groups
2146:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2044:Organizations
2042:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1460:Canonical XML
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1425:
1420:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1155:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1105:
1102:
1087:
1080:
1079:
1071:
1068:
1053:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1034:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1004:
1000:
996:
990:
986:
982:
978:
971:
968:
960:
959:
951:
948:
943:
939:
935:
933:9781605588247
929:
925:
921:
916:
911:
907:
903:
896:
893:
888:
884:
880:
878:9781595939906
874:
870:
866:
861:
856:
852:
848:
841:
838:
826:
822:
816:
813:
808:
801:
798:
783:
776:
770:
767:
759:
758:
750:
747:
742:
738:
734:
728:
724:
720:
715:
710:
706:
698:
695:
683:
679:
675:
669:
666:
654:
650:
646:
640:
638:
636:
634:
630:
618:
614:
610:
604:
601:
595:
589:
585:
584:
579:
575:
574:
570:
564:
563:
557:
556:
551:
545:
540:
539:
533:
528:
524:
523:
517:
516:
508:
507:
501:
500:
492:
491:
485:
484:
479:
475:
470:
469:
464:
460:
459:
454:
452:9781617292682
448:
444:
443:
437:
436:
432:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
399:
395:
393:
389:
385:
383:
379:
374:
372:
366:
362:
358:
355:
350:
347:
343:
338:
334:
329:
326:
321:
314:
312:
310:
309:
299:
297:
295:
294:
289:
288:
282:
280:
279:heterogeneity
276:
272:
268:
261:Scripting API
260:
258:
255:
248:
246:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
219:
217:
215:
207:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
190:Web of Things
181:
178:
163:
160:
152:
149:November 2018
142:
141:
136:
130:
128:
121:
112:
111:
102:
99:
91:
88:November 2018
79:
77:
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2594:Adam Dunkels
2584:Kevin Ashton
2516:Applications
2487:Raspberry Pi
2399:Technologies
2384:
1652:
1427:Products and
1376:. Retrieved
1362:
1351:. Retrieved
1337:
1326:. Retrieved
1312:
1301:. Retrieved
1287:
1275:. Retrieved
1261:
1250:. Retrieved
1241:
1232:
1221:. Retrieved
1207:
1196:. Retrieved
1182:
1171:. Retrieved
1157:
1146:. Retrieved
1132:
1121:. Retrieved
1111:
1104:
1093:. Retrieved
1077:
1070:
1059:. Retrieved
1043:
1036:
1025:. Retrieved
1011:
976:
970:
957:
950:
905:
901:
895:
850:
846:
840:
829:. Retrieved
815:
806:
800:
789:. Retrieved
769:
756:
749:
704:
697:
686:. Retrieved
677:
668:
657:. Retrieved
648:
621:. Retrieved
612:
603:
561:
537:
521:
505:
489:
477:
441:
407:Smart device
390:
386:
375:
367:
363:
359:
351:
342:Dave Raggett
330:
322:
318:
306:
303:
292:
286:
283:
264:
252:
223:
214:architecture
211:
193:
189:
188:
173:
155:
146:
138:
127:undue weight
124:
94:
85:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
2629:Mark Weiser
2609:Roel Pieper
2340:Ambient IoT
2262:Conferences
2138:WebAssembly
2107:WebAssembly
2010:WebPlatform
1665:Web storage
1648:WebAssembly
1445:ActivityPub
445:. Manning.
2675:Categories
2650:AmbieSense
2604:Don Norman
2558:Smart city
2426:Internet 0
2191:CERN httpd
1978:Deprecated
1952:Initiative
1936:Guidelines
1844:XHTML+SMIL
1712:Encryption
1675:Webmention
1638:Timed text
1475:Animations
1378:2019-10-06
1353:2019-10-06
1328:2019-10-06
1303:2019-10-06
1252:2017-02-08
1223:2014-11-15
1198:2015-09-27
1173:2019-10-06
1148:2014-11-15
1123:2021-06-27
1095:2014-11-15
1061:2014-11-15
1027:2014-11-15
831:2014-11-15
791:2014-11-15
688:2020-12-13
678:www.w3.org
659:2020-12-13
649:www.w3.org
623:2020-06-12
613:www.w3.org
596:References
422:Smart grid
337:Vlad Trifa
271:ECMAScript
234:index.html
39:improve it
2472:Gadgeteer
2455:Platforms
2441:Smartdust
2365:Profiling
2241:(1994–97)
2233:(1994–97)
2225:(1993–98)
2214:Line Mode
2019:Obsoleted
1829:IndieAuth
1737:Signature
1727:Namespace
1524:IndexedDB
1502:EmotionML
1429:standards
1277:6 October
910:CiteSeerX
855:CiteSeerX
709:CiteSeerX
532:Ruby, Sam
296:project.
45:talk page
2577:Pioneers
2563:Smart TV
2553:Nabaztag
2482:Netduino
2477:ioBridge
2375:Supranet
2333:Concepts
2206:Browsers
2180:Software
2112:WebAuthn
1809:elements
1779:XPointer
1747:XInclude
1643:VoiceXML
1549:Micropub
1372:Archived
1347:Archived
1322:Archived
1297:Archived
1271:Archived
1246:Archived
1217:Archived
1192:Archived
1167:Archived
1142:Archived
1117:Archived
1086:Archived
1052:Archived
1021:Archived
825:Archived
782:Archived
682:Archived
653:Archived
617:Archived
534:(2007).
396:See also
287:node-wot
242:metadata
2507:NodeMCU
2467:Contiki
2462:Arduino
2406:6LoWPAN
2277:(IW3C2)
2271:(IW3C)
2217:(1990–)
1922:XFrames
1534:JSON-LD
1480:Flexbox
1003:5839440
942:7587931
887:6139531
378:Siemens
371:HATEOAS
315:History
133:Please
2543:HomeOS
2502:Xively
2497:Wiring
2492:TinyOS
2196:Libwww
2157:(DDWG)
2117:WHATWG
1985:C-HTML
1907:WebGPU
1799:XSL-FO
1789:XQuery
1742:XForms
1732:Schema
1717:Events
1680:WebSub
1633:SPARQL
1569:Schema
1544:MathML
1242:GitHub
1001:
991:
940:
930:
912:
885:
875:
857:
741:282147
739:
729:
711:
546:
449:
427:Matter
2638:Other
2528:CeNSE
2416:DASH7
2370:Spime
2246:Amaya
2230:Agora
2222:Arena
2168:(MMI)
2076:Board
1912:WebXR
1882:InkML
1872:CURIE
1867:CCXML
1834:XAdES
1822:Notes
1784:XProc
1762:XPath
1752:XLink
1695:+RDFa
1690:XHTML
1628:SHACL
1623:SCXML
1517:HTML5
1421:(W3C)
1089:(PDF)
1082:(PDF)
1055:(PDF)
1048:(PDF)
999:S2CID
962:(PDF)
938:S2CID
883:S2CID
785:(PDF)
778:(PDF)
761:(PDF)
737:S2CID
510:(PDF)
494:(PDF)
344:from
125:lend
2446:XBee
2411:ANT+
2238:Argo
2161:HTML
2000:PGML
1995:JSSS
1990:HDML
1917:XFDL
1902:sXBL
1804:XSLT
1707:Base
1685:WOFF
1670:WSDL
1606:SSML
1596:SRGS
1591:SOAP
1586:SMIL
1581:SKOS
1576:SISR
1512:HTML
1485:Grid
1455:ARIA
1279:2019
989:ISBN
928:ISBN
873:ISBN
727:ISBN
544:ISBN
447:ISBN
349:al.
335:and
230:JSON
2102:SVG
2097:CSS
2081:TAG
2026:P3P
2005:VML
1892:RIF
1887:MSE
1877:EME
1849:XUP
1839:XBL
1794:XSL
1772:3.x
1767:2.0
1757:XOP
1702:XML
1653:WoT
1611:SVG
1601:SRI
1564:RDF
1559:PLS
1554:OWL
1529:ITS
1497:EXI
1492:DOM
1470:CSS
1465:CDF
981:doi
920:doi
906:'09
904:Sys
865:doi
851:'08
849:Sys
719:doi
382:W3C
346:W3C
267:API
254:IoT
194:WoT
2677::
2140:CG
2071:AB
1658:TD
1370:.
1345:.
1320:.
1295:.
1244:.
1240:.
1215:.
1190:.
1165:.
1140:.
1019:.
997:.
987:.
936:.
926:.
918:.
881:.
871:.
863:.
780:.
735:.
725:.
717:.
680:.
676:.
651:.
647:.
632:^
615:.
611:.
476:.
216:.
48:.
2318:e
2311:t
2304:v
1411:e
1404:t
1397:v
1381:.
1356:.
1331:.
1306:.
1281:.
1255:.
1226:.
1201:.
1176:.
1151:.
1126:.
1098:.
1064:.
1030:.
1005:.
983::
944:.
922::
889:.
867::
834:.
794:.
743:.
721::
691:.
662:.
626:.
590:.
580:.
552:.
465:.
455:.
192:(
180:)
174:(
162:)
156:(
151:)
147:(
131:.
101:)
95:(
90:)
86:(
80:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.