197:, facilitating real-time data transfer from and to the server. This is made possible by providing a standardized way for the server to send content to the client without being first requested by the client, and allowing messages to be passed back and forth while keeping the connection open. In this way, a two-way ongoing conversation can take place between the client and the server. The communications are usually done over TCP
3667:
command is issued when the browser is configured to use an explicit proxy server. This sets up a tunnel, which provides low-level end-to-end TCP communication through the HTTP proxy, between the WebSocket Secure client and the WebSocket server. In the case of transparent proxy servers, the browser is
3652:
to upgrade to the WebSocket protocol. Some proxy servers are transparent and work fine with WebSocket; others will prevent WebSocket from working correctly, causing the connection to fail. In some cases, additional proxy-server configuration may be required, and certain proxy servers may need to be
2567:
allows a message to be split into two or more frames. It enables sending messages with initial data available but complete length unknown. Without fragmentation, the whole message must be sent in one frame, so the complete length is needed before the first byte can be sent, which requires a buffer.
3672:
is sent. However, since the wire traffic is encrypted, intermediate transparent proxy servers may simply allow the encrypted traffic through, so there is a much better chance that the WebSocket connection will succeed if WebSocket Secure is used. Using encryption is not free of resource cost, but
3647:
While the WebSocket protocol itself is unaware of proxy servers and firewalls, it features an HTTP-compatible handshake, thus allowing HTTP servers to share their default HTTP and HTTPS ports (80 and 443 respectively) with a WebSocket gateway or server. The WebSocket protocol defines a ws:// and
292:
and
Michael Carter shortly thereafter through collaboration on the #whatwg IRC chat room, and subsequently authored for inclusion in the HTML5 specification by Ian Hickson. In December 2009, Google Chrome 4 was the first browser to ship full support for the standard, with WebSocket enabled by
287:
channels; however, Comet implementation is nontrivial, and due to the TCP handshake and HTTP header overhead, it is inefficient for small messages. The WebSocket protocol aims to solve these problems without compromising the security assumptions of the web. The name "WebSocket" was coined by
205:. Additionally, WebSocket enables streams of messages on top of TCP. TCP alone deals with streams of bytes with no inherent concept of a message. Similar two-way browser–server communications have been achieved in non-standardized ways using stopgap technologies such as
3072:. No frame can be sent after a Close frame. If a Close frame is received and no prior Close frame was sent, a response Close frame with the same payload must be sent. The payload is optional, but if present, it must start with a two-byte big-endian unsigned integer
38:
3623:
or HTTP authentication. It is better to use tokens or similar protection mechanisms to authenticate the WebSocket connection when sensitive (private) data is being transferred over the WebSocket. A live example of vulnerability was seen in 2020 in the form of
3597:
has supported WebSockets since 2017, implemented in lighttpd 1.4.46. lighttpd mod_proxy can act as a reverse proxy and load balancer of WebSocket applications. lighttpd mod_wstunnel can act as a WebSocket endpoint to transmit arbitrary data, including in
3351:. The BlackBerry Browser in OS7 implements WebSockets. Because of vulnerabilities, it was disabled in Firefox 4 and 5, and Opera 11. Using browser developer tools, developers can inspect the WebSocket handshake as well as the WebSocket frames.
165:
states that WebSocket "is designed to work over HTTP ports 443 and 80 as well as to support HTTP proxies and intermediaries", thus making it compatible with HTTP. To achieve compatibility, the WebSocket
5582:
3615:. Therefore, WebSocket servers must validate the "Origin" header against the expected origins during connection establishment, to avoid cross-site WebSocket hijacking attacks (similar to
4256:
3113:. Both sides can initiate a ping (with any payload). Whoever receives it must immediately send back a pong with the same payload. A pong should be ignored if no prior ping was sent.
5694:
6080:
5603:
139:
7659:
7649:
5879:
2972:
5006:
The computation is meant to prevent a caching intermediary from providing a WS-client with a cached WS-server reply without actual interaction with the WS-server.
3890:
2227:(built on top of WebSocket data messages) the client wishes to use. If the client sends this header, the server response must be one of the values from the list.
6262:
5929:
3761:
Gecko-based browsers versions 6–10 implement the WebSocket object as "MozWebSocket", requiring extra code to integrate with existing WebSocket-enabled code.
4419:
4052:
3684:
header. This data was not forwarded by all intermediates, which could lead to protocol failure. More recent drafts (e.g., hybi-09) put the key data in a
4110:
5574:
6160:
3656:
If unencrypted WebSocket traffic flows through an explicit or a transparent proxy server without WebSockets support, the connection will likely fail.
1365:
7641:
7545:
4023:
3703:
5664:
5642:
5527:
283:
that resulted in the first version of the protocol known as WebSocket. Before WebSocket, port 80 full-duplex communication was attainable using
6372:
4248:
3819:
2085:) on success. This means a WebSocket server can use the same port as HTTP (80) and HTTPS (443) because the handshake is compatible with HTTP.
201:
number 443 (or 80 in the case of unsecured connections), which is beneficial for environments that block non-web
Internet connections using a
7696:
6221:
5706:
4140:
3922:
8282:
6130:
6105:
5712:
4198:
2521:
Once the connection is established, communication switches to a binary frame-based protocol which does not conform to the HTTP protocol.
6072:
3948:
5850:
4543:
6537:
6022:
4605:
4169:
6191:
5821:
5548:
4227:
5502:
4481:
4081:
7626:
5767:
5611:
6243:
4288:
2851:
between the masking key (a four-byte random nonce) and the payload data. The following algorithm is used to mask/unmask a frame:
8170:
7611:
5058:
3984:
3851:
1924:
123:
65:
3952:
7825:
6051:
5871:
8292:
7964:
7255:
4993:
3584:
3069:
1449:
280:
119:
85:
5992:
5788:
5734:
5469:
7691:
7538:
7376:
3882:
3602:
format, to a backend application. lighttpd supports WebSockets over HTTP/2 since 2022, implemented in lighttpd 1.4.65.
7845:
7701:
7681:
6800:
252:
178:
5908:
2568:
It also enables multiplexing several streams simultaneously (e.g. to avoid monopolizing a socket for a single large
8312:
8027:
7721:
7716:
7507:
6885:
6365:
6247:
3616:
3570:
2538:
from re-sending a previous WebSocket conversation, and does not provide any authentication, privacy, or integrity.
2242:
2180:
2128:
2115:
255:(URI) schemes that are used for unencrypted and encrypted connections respectively. Apart from the scheme name and
198:
194:
5933:
8244:
8014:
7927:
7821:
7421:
7270:
7117:
6313:
3790:
3340:
10. A detailed protocol test suite report lists the conformance of those browsers to specific protocol aspects.
2077:
147:
4411:
3279:
Unsupported extension. The client should write the extensions it expected the server to support in the payload.
8307:
7606:
7152:
5052:
4044:
3660:
279:
specification, as a placeholder for a TCP-based socket API. In June 2008, a series of discussions were led by
4102:
8297:
8249:
8047:
7531:
7028:
6152:
3733:
3649:
2204:
1525:: If specified, must be 1000 (normal closure) or in the range 3000 to 4999 (application-defined), otherwise
171:
111:
8302:
7733:
7571:
7451:
6989:
6931:
6805:
6711:
6668:
6580:
4015:
3648:
wss:// prefix to indicate a WebSocket and a WebSocket Secure connection respectively. Both schemes use an
2553:
After the opening handshake, the client and server can, at any time, send messages to each other, such as
7969:
7922:
7852:
7621:
7502:
7471:
7396:
7386:
7346:
6683:
6465:
6358:
3680:
and gateways by including eight bytes of key data after the headers, but not advertising that data in a
3110:
3100:
1806:
167:
4045:"[whatwg] TCPConnection feedback from Michael Carter on 2008-06-18 (whatwg.org from June 2008)"
5672:
5634:
3491:
3465:
3431:
8042:
7910:
7905:
7741:
7512:
7436:
7406:
7366:
7356:
7211:
7057:
6998:
6861:
6846:
6784:
6703:
6608:
6590:
6485:
5523:
5451:
5418:
5385:
5352:
5319:
5286:
5253:
5220:
5187:
5154:
5121:
5088:
5034:
4972:
4939:
4906:
4873:
4840:
4807:
4774:
4741:
4708:
4675:
4642:
4580:
4518:
4456:
4394:
4361:
4328:
3998:
3865:
3344:
2808:
2220:
233:
202:
3811:
3332:
A secure version of the WebSocket protocol is implemented in
Firefox 6, Safari 6, Google Chrome 14,
8254:
8037:
7875:
7664:
7351:
7336:
7300:
7250:
7235:
7052:
7033:
7008:
6936:
6716:
6638:
6528:
6340:
6296:
6213:
5954:
3588:
3333:
2569:
2158:
284:
256:
206:
6302:
4132:
3914:
3427:
3401:
8152:
7974:
7840:
7654:
7341:
7305:
7285:
7240:
7167:
7102:
7097:
6941:
6926:
6880:
6741:
6623:
6420:
6331:
6321:
5607:
3718:
3612:
3578:
210:
186:
6126:
6101:
3673:
often provides the highest success rate, since it would be travelling through a secure tunnel.
8165:
7796:
7461:
7431:
7176:
6921:
6603:
6425:
5702:
5435:
5402:
5369:
5336:
5303:
4564:
4378:
4345:
4312:
4190:
3640:
is configured to use a proxy when connecting to destination host and port, and if it is, uses
3337:
2944:
2532:
2224:
1551:
237:
229:
134:
in 2011. The current specification allowing web applications to use this protocol is known as
2545:, many modern servers will reject the request with error "invalid Sec-WebSocket-Key header".
8234:
8215:
8180:
8156:
8126:
8116:
7711:
7186:
7087:
7043:
6755:
6658:
6613:
6430:
6286:
6014:
5842:
5441:
5408:
5375:
5342:
5309:
5276:
5270:
5243:
5237:
5210:
5204:
5177:
5144:
5111:
5078:
5024:
5018:
4962:
4956:
4929:
4896:
4863:
4830:
4797:
4764:
4731:
4698:
4665:
4632:
4626:
4570:
4535:
4508:
4446:
4440:
4384:
4351:
4318:
3988:
3855:
3841:
3519:
311:
301:
158:
127:
75:
51:
4597:
4161:
8239:
8210:
7669:
7411:
7265:
7245:
6344:
6317:
6266:
6183:
5817:
5552:
5498:
4219:
3974:
3902:
TCP connections require a "client" and a "server". Flash Player can create client sockets.
3713:
3698:
4473:
4073:
3565:
has supported WebSockets since 2013, implemented in version 1.3.13 including acting as a
5171:
5138:
5105:
5072:
4923:
4890:
4857:
4824:
4791:
4758:
4725:
4692:
4659:
4502:
3611:
Unlike regular cross-domain HTTP requests, WebSocket requests are not restricted by the
8287:
8032:
8004:
7959:
6872:
6693:
6648:
6633:
3723:
3708:
2732:
293:
default. Development of the WebSocket protocol was subsequently moved from the W3C and
225:
5763:
1885:
The protocol accepted by the server, or an empty string if the client did not specify
297:
group to the IETF in
February 2010, and authored for two revisions under Ian Hickson.
8276:
8261:
8222:
8200:
8087:
7989:
7674:
7122:
6731:
6618:
6598:
6440:
4280:
3677:
3566:
1416:
Optional server port: If not specified, 80 is used for ws/http and 443 for wss/https.
371:// ws = new WebSocket("wss://game.example.com/scoreboard") // Remote server
217:
3944:
37:
8160:
7816:
7686:
7481:
7361:
7260:
7196:
7191:
7181:
7132:
7072:
6642:
6293:
The WebSocket protocol – Proposed
Standard published by the IETF HyBi Working Group
3076:, optionally followed by a UTF-8 encoded reason message not longer than 123 bytes.
2848:
2752:
264:
7127:
6043:
8057:
7994:
7866:
7812:
7562:
7466:
7446:
7315:
7280:
7216:
7142:
6905:
6794:
6789:
6688:
6673:
6663:
6523:
6480:
6475:
6381:
6290:
6281:
5454:
5421:
5388:
5355:
5322:
5289:
5256:
5223:
5190:
5157:
5124:
5091:
5037:
4975:
4942:
4909:
4876:
4843:
4810:
4777:
4744:
4711:
4678:
4645:
4583:
4521:
4459:
4397:
4364:
4331:
4001:
3978:
3868:
3845:
3641:
3625:
3620:
3523:
2647:
315:
305:
300:
After the protocol was shipped and enabled by default in multiple browsers, the
289:
182:
162:
131:
115:
55:
4989:
7999:
7979:
7954:
7781:
7761:
7371:
7157:
7147:
7092:
7082:
6951:
6774:
6678:
6653:
6470:
5984:
5796:
5742:
5477:
3637:
3343:
An older, less secure version of the protocol was implemented in Opera 11 and
2819:
2815:
2535:
190:
8022:
7776:
7206:
7201:
7062:
6895:
6890:
6851:
6820:
6815:
6779:
6736:
3217:
Unsupported data (e.g. endpoint only understands text but received binary).
3106:
1707:
if the TCP connection was closed after the closing handshake was completed;
5695:"APPENDIX A: WebSocket Frame Inspection with Google Chrome Developer Tools"
2822:
is unsigned. The minimum number of bits must be used to encode the length.
5900:
17:
8205:
8062:
7830:
7791:
7786:
7766:
7756:
7751:
7456:
7320:
7137:
7067:
7023:
7018:
6900:
6825:
6810:
5901:"WebKit Changeset 97247: WebSocket: Update WebSocket protocol to hybi-17"
3594:
8175:
8121:
7937:
7917:
7835:
7616:
7554:
7416:
7401:
7275:
7013:
6946:
6764:
6628:
6310:
3581:
has supported WebSockets since July, 2013, implemented in version 2.4.5
3348:
425:"Hi server, please send me the score of yesterday's game"
319:
221:
3782:
2854:
for i = 0 to payload_length - 1 payload = payload xor masking_key
97:
8132:
8072:
8067:
7946:
7746:
7599:
7589:
7584:
7476:
7441:
7426:
7391:
7295:
7226:
7112:
7107:
7077:
7003:
6837:
6769:
6726:
6721:
6542:
6495:
5446:
5413:
5380:
5347:
5314:
5281:
5248:
5215:
5182:
5149:
5116:
5083:
5029:
4967:
4934:
4901:
4868:
4835:
4802:
4769:
4736:
4703:
4670:
4637:
4575:
4513:
4451:
4389:
4356:
4323:
3993:
3860:
3738:
3728:
3619:), which might be possible when the connection is authenticated with
2154:
294:
263:
is not supported), the rest of the URI components are defined to use
3636:
WebSocket protocol client implementations try to detect whether the
2788:
Length of the payload (extension data + application data) in bytes.
6327:
5575:"Apple adds accelerometer, WebSockets support to Safari in iOS 4.2"
8100:
8095:
8077:
7900:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7594:
7381:
7290:
6518:
6490:
6453:
6347:
WebSocket demos, loopback tests, general information and community
3587:
added support for WebSockets in version 8 which was released with
3562:
2561:(close, ping, pong). A message is composed of one or more frames.
2175:
1537:
276:
7523:
122:(TCP) connection. The WebSocket protocol was standardized by the
8227:
7706:
7579:
7310:
6856:
6513:
6448:
3599:
3244:
Connection closed abnormally (closing handshake did not occur).
2066:
2057:
2025:
2021:
154:
7527:
6977:
6568:
6392:
6354:
6350:
5693:
Wang, Vanessa; Salim, Frank; Moskovits, Peter (February 2013).
503:// We got the score so we don't need the connection anymore
193:
with lower overhead than half-duplex alternatives such as HTTP
8052:
7771:
6956:
6460:
5962:
3659:
If an encrypted WebSocket connection is used, then the use of
3255:
Invalid payload data (e.g. non UTF-8 data in a text message).
6337:
3676:
A mid-2010 draft (version hixie-76) broke compatibility with
1438:: A string or an array of strings used as the value for the
1536:: If specified, must be a string not longer than 123 bytes (
174:
to change from the HTTP protocol to the WebSocket protocol.
5818:"Bug 640003 - WebSockets - upgrade to ietf-07(comment 91)"
2933:
Identifies an intermediate frame of a fragmented message.
2682:
0 = message is fragmented and this is not the final frame.
157:
used to serve most webpages. Although they are different,
6299:– Internet-Draft published by the IETF HyBi Working Group
6214:"WebSocket -76 is incompatible with HTTP reverse proxies"
3663:(TLS) in the WebSocket Secure connection ensures that an
2405:# Calculate Sec-WebSocket-Accept using Sec-WebSocket-Key
1919:
The connection state. It is one of the constants below.
318:
introduced compression extension to WebSocket using the
2766:
0 = frame is not masked and masking key is not present.
275:
WebSocket was first referenced as TCPConnection in the
2444:# key = b64encode(urandom(16)) # Client should do this
2947:
2847:
any frames sent to the client. Frame masking applies
1544:
is thrown. If not specified, an empty string is used.
6015:"Overview of new features in Apache HTTP Server 2.4"
4281:"When the WebSocket connection is closed; substep 3"
1425:
fragment. There must not be any fragment, otherwise
8193:
8145:
8109:
8086:
8013:
7945:
7936:
7874:
7865:
7805:
7732:
7640:
7570:
7561:
7329:
7225:
7166:
7042:
6988:
6914:
6870:
6836:
6754:
6702:
6589:
6579:
6506:
6439:
6413:
6184:"How HTML5 Web Sockets Interact With Proxy Servers"
91:
81:
71:
61:
47:
5932:. Opera Developer News. 2012-08-03. Archived from
2966:
6282:IETF Hypertext-Bidirectional (HyBi) working group
3068:which may prevent data loss by complementing the
1341:A web application (e.g. web browser) may use the
1106:"We only support unfragmented messages"
42:A diagram describing a connection using WebSocket
5795:. Mozilla Foundation. 2011-09-30. Archived from
5741:. Mozilla Foundation. 2011-09-30. Archived from
4131:<ian@hixie.ch>, Ian Hickson (6 May 2010).
3945:"IANA Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) Schemes"
3311:Used by libraries, frameworks and applications.
2471:"258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11"
1958:. The client and server may message each other.
698:"258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11"
308:was finalized under Ian Fette in December 2011.
3757:
3755:
2801:= The following 16 bits are the payload length.
2763:1 = frame is masked and masking key is present.
1872:The number of bytes waiting to be transmitted.
1827:when binary data is received. Initially set to
5764:"Bug 640003 - WebSockets - upgrade to ietf-06"
3347:5, as well as the mobile version of Safari in
2223:of strings (ordered by preference) indicating
216:Most browsers support the protocol, including
7539:
6366:
5061:. I-D draft-ietf-hybi-websocket-multiplexing.
2771:
1982:was called or the server sent a Close frame.
243:The WebSocket protocol specification defines
8:
4249:"When a WebSocket message has been received"
4103:"Web Sockets Now Available In Google Chrome"
3973:Ian Fette; Alexey Melnikov (December 2011).
3840:Ian Fette; Alexey Melnikov (December 2011).
1859:The URL given to the WebSocket constructor.
1345:interface to connect to a WebSocket server.
138:. It is a living standard maintained by the
30:
6305:– Original protocol proposal by Ian Hickson
2042:(two Close frames) to close the connection.
1761:is 1006 (connection closed abnormally) and
1193:"The client must mask all frames"
7942:
7871:
7567:
7546:
7532:
7524:
6985:
6974:
6586:
6576:
6565:
6410:
6389:
6373:
6359:
6351:
6220:(email). Internet Engineering Task Force.
4566:The WebSocket Closing Handshake is Started
1529:is thrown. If not specified, 1000 is used.
1229:"We only support small messages"
626:"Connection closed due to error"
36:
29:
6127:"Release-1 4 65 - Lighttpd - lighty labs"
6102:"Release-1 4 46 - Lighttpd - lighty labs"
5445:
5412:
5379:
5346:
5313:
5280:
5247:
5214:
5181:
5148:
5115:
5082:
5051:John A. Tamplin; Takeshi Yoshino (2013).
5028:
4966:
4933:
4900:
4867:
4834:
4801:
4768:
4735:
4702:
4669:
4636:
4574:
4512:
4504:_The WebSocket Connection is Established_
4450:
4388:
4355:
4322:
4074:"IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20080618"
3992:
3921:. Mozilla Developer Network. 2023-04-06.
3859:
2952:
2946:
1154:"We only support data messages"
6153:"Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH)"
5930:"A hot Opera 12.50 summer-time snapshot"
5872:"WebSockets in Windows Consumer Preview"
5551:. Tavendo.de. 2011-10-27. Archived from
3353:
3151:
2924:
2891:
2643:
2623:, and terminated by a single frame with
2087:
1347:
6151:Christian Schneider (August 31, 2013).
5699:The Definitive Guide to HTML5 WebSocket
5054:A Multiplexing Extension for WebSockets
3774:
3751:
3704:Comparison of WebSocket implementations
2914:
2611:, followed by zero or more frames with
2093:
1906:The extensions accepted by the server.
1719:If the received Close frame contains a
6163:from the original on December 31, 2016
3644:method to set up a persistent tunnel.
3201:Going away (e.g. browser tab closed).
2516:# Output: HSmrc0sMlYUkAGmm5OPpG2HaGWk=
2181:"258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11"
2038:
2016:
6249:The WebSocket protocol, draft hybi-09
4380:The WebSocket Connection Close Reason
4307:
4305:
4275:
4273:
1736:If the received Close frame contains
1624:contains the data received, of type:
701:# Create socket and listen at port 80
362:"ws://127.0.0.1/scoreboard"
7:
6073:"IIS 8.0 WebSocket Protocol Support"
5995:from the original on October 6, 2019
5663:Aleksander Aas (December 10, 2010).
2456:"x3JJHMbDL1EzLkh9GBhXDw=="
118:communication channel over a single
5633:Chris Heilmann (December 8, 2010).
4347:The WebSocket Connection Close Code
3949:Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
3668:unaware of the proxy server, so no
2541:Though some servers accept a short
98:https://websockets.spec.whatwg.org/
5985:"Using NGINX as a WebSocket Proxy"
5820:. Mozilla Foundation. 2011-07-22.
5766:. Mozilla Foundation. 2011-03-08.
5573:Katie Marsal (November 23, 2010).
4996:from the original on 22 April 2016
4445:. p. 14. sec. 4.1.
4314:The WebSocket Connection is Closed
2811:must be 0) are the payload length.
322:algorithm on a per-message basis.
25:
5735:"WebSockets (support in Firefox)"
5635:"WebSocket disabled in Firefox 4"
5549:"WebSockets Protocol Test Report"
4990:"Main Goal of WebSocket protocol"
3073:
1688:
1037:# decode messages from the client
6182:Peter Lubbers (March 16, 2010).
5470:"WebSocket enabled in Firefox 6"
5468:Dirkjan Ochtman (May 27, 2011).
3943:Graham Klyne, ed. (2011-11-14).
3915:"The WebSocket API (WebSockets)"
3883:"Adobe Flash Platform – Sockets"
3003:UTF-8 encoded application text.
2873:unless defined by an extension.
2702:unless defined by an extension.
2599:consists of a single frame with
2580:consists of a single frame with
2459:# Value in example request above
1819:A string indicating the type of
1349:WebSocket web API specification
908:HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
6224:from the original on 2016-09-17
6194:from the original on 2016-05-08
6133:from the original on 2024-05-03
6108:from the original on 2021-01-16
6083:from the original on 2020-02-18
6054:from the original on 2021-01-22
6025:from the original on 2020-11-11
5911:from the original on 2012-01-05
5882:from the original on 2015-09-06
5853:from the original on 2015-12-31
5824:from the original on 2021-04-01
5770:from the original on 2021-04-01
5645:from the original on 2017-03-06
5585:from the original on 2011-03-01
5530:from the original on 2015-03-25
5505:from the original on 2017-03-04
4608:from the original on 2023-03-12
4546:from the original on 2023-03-12
4484:from the original on 2023-03-12
4422:from the original on 2023-03-12
4291:from the original on 2023-03-12
4259:from the original on 2023-03-12
4230:from the original on 2023-03-12
4201:from the original on 2023-03-12
4191:"new WebSocket(url, protocols)"
4172:from the original on 2023-03-12
4143:from the original on 2017-03-17
4113:from the original on 2021-12-09
4084:from the original on 2016-08-21
4055:from the original on 2016-04-27
4026:from the original on 2016-09-16
3980:RFC 6455 The WebSocket Protocol
3955:from the original on 2013-04-25
3925:from the original on 2021-07-28
3893:from the original on 2021-04-18
3847:RFC 6455 The WebSocket Protocol
3822:from the original on 2022-06-08
3793:from the original on 2023-03-12
3653:upgraded to support WebSocket.
1744:is 1005 (no code received) and
177:The WebSocket protocol enables
5499:"Chromium Web Platform Status"
3842:"Relationship to TCP and HTTP"
3688:header, solving this problem.
2841:all frames sent to the server.
1791:Connection closed due to error
1697:: reason for closing (string).
251:(WebSocket Secure) as two new
1:
6157:Web Application Security Blog
3585:Internet Information Services
2795:= This is the payload length.
2679:1 = final frame of a message.
2034:to transfer application data.
848:"Sec-WebSocket-Key"
548:"Connection closed"
407:"Connection opened"
120:Transmission Control Protocol
6212:Willy Tarreau (2010-07-06).
2903:
2741:
2382:HSmrc0sMlYUkAGmm5OPpG2HaGWk=
2071:) and the server returns an
2028:) to establish a connection.
1723:: the payload data contains
8283:Application layer protocols
6242:Ian Fette (June 13, 2011).
5404:Reserved Status Code Ranges
2400:and the last line is empty.
2225:application-level protocols
1956:Opening handshake succeeded
1835:object). May be changed to
1575:Opening handshake succeeded
253:uniform resource identifier
153:WebSocket is distinct from
8329:
3787:websockets.spec.whatwg.org
3617:cross-site request forgery
3573:of WebSocket applications.
3228:Reserved for future usage
3183:
2867:Payload length (in bytes)
2531:are intended to prevent a
2396:In HTTP each line ends in
2219:The request may contain a
2123:Yes (for browser clients)
7498:
7422:Internet Explorer for Mac
6984:
6973:
6575:
6564:
6409:
6388:
6265:February 1, 2016, at the
5878:. Microsoft. 2012-03-19.
5526:. Microsoft. 2012-09-28.
3305:
3248:
3221:
3186:
3127:
3097:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3061:A Close frame is sent to
3042:
3024:
3020:Application binary data.
3008:
3005:
2989:
2980:
2939:
2894:
2866:
2860:
2829:
2826:
2807:= The following 64 bits (
2781:
2751:
2731:
2720:
2709:
2698:
2692:
2669:
2653:
2235:Sec-WebSocket-Extensions
2229:
2188:
2135:
2109:
1939:Waiting opening handshake
1923:
1847:
1550:
1448:
1385:with a WebSocket server.
473:"Data received"
35:
27:Computer network protocol
6334:specification of the API
6332:Candidate Recommendation
6324:specification of the API
5239:Client-to-Server Masking
4133:"The WebSocket protocol"
3661:Transport Layer Security
2967:{\displaystyle 2^{63}-1}
2852:
2772:client-to-server masking
2402:
2340:
2306:x3JJHMbDL1EzLkh9GBhXDw==
2255:
1998:TCP connection is closed
650:
329:
3734:Internet protocol suite
3607:Security considerations
3298:TLS handshake failure.
3287:Internal server error.
3158:Allowed in Close frame
2881:Depends on the opcode.
2216:Sec-WebSocket-Protocol
2157:-encode(16-byte random
1391:: A string containing:
112:communications protocol
6303:The WebSocket protocol
6297:The WebSocket protocol
6044:"Changelog Apache 2.4"
5524:"WebSockets (Windows)"
4925:Client requirement 10.
4162:"Interface definition"
3650:HTTP upgrade mechanism
3557:Server implementations
2968:
2385:Sec-WebSocket-Protocol
2309:Sec-WebSocket-Protocol
2141:Sec-WebSocket-Version
1440:Sec-WebSocket-Protocol
917:Sec-WebSocket-Accept:
181:interaction between a
48:International standard
5793:developer.mozilla.org
5739:developer.mozilla.org
5665:"Regarding WebSocket"
4859:Client requirement 5.
4793:Client requirement 6.
4727:Client requirement 7.
4694:Client requirement 9.
4661:Client requirement 8.
4220:"close(code, reason)"
3783:"WebSockets Standard"
3184:1000–2999 (Protocol)
3070:TCP closing handshake
3066:the closing handshake
2969:
2557:(text or binary) and
2318:Sec-WebSocket-Version
2178:(Sec-WebSocket-Key +
2171:Sec-WebSocket-Accept
1671:TCP connection closed
332:<!DOCTYPE html>
8293:Internet terminology
7407:IBM Home Page Reader
6079:. 28 November 2012.
5843:"Chromium bug 64470"
5437:Defined Status Codes
2945:
2920:Max. payload length
2845:server must not mask
2578:unfragmented message
2529:Sec-WebSocket-Accept
2376:Sec-WebSocket-Accept
2221:comma-separated list
2051:The client sends an
1848:Read-only attribute
1781:ws.addEventListener(
1660:ws.addEventListener(
1604:, (event) => {})
1600:ws.addEventListener(
1565:ws.addEventListener(
1496:WebSocket.CONNECTING
344:// Connect to server
116:simultaneous two-way
6244:"Sec-WebSocket-Key"
5955:"Welcome to nginx!"
5876:IE Engineering Team
5715:on 31 December 2015
5440:. sec. 7.4.1.
5407:. sec. 7.4.2.
5374:. sec. 5.5.3.
5341:. sec. 5.5.2.
5308:. sec. 5.5.1.
4569:. sec. 7.1.3.
4442:Client Requirements
4383:. sec. 7.1.6.
4350:. sec. 7.1.5.
4317:. sec. 7.1.4.
3812:"The WebSocket API"
3589:Windows Server 2012
2549:Frame-based message
2474:# Protocol constant
2355:Switching Protocols
2090:
2083:Switching Protocols
1785:, (event) => {})
1765:is an empty string.
1748:is an empty string.
1664:, (event) => {})
1569:, (event) => {})
1350:
914:Connection: Upgrade
189:application) and a
172:HTTP Upgrade header
142:and a successor to
32:
7841:Application server
6343:2018-09-16 at the
6316:2015-06-07 at the
5789:"WebSockets - MDN"
3719:Server-sent events
3613:same-origin policy
3579:Apache HTTP Server
3368:Internet Explorer
3236:No code received.
2964:
2597:fragmented message
2338:Example response:
2333:http://example.com
2279:server.example.com
2151:Sec-WebSocket-Key
2088:
1777:= (event) => {}
1656:= (event) => {}
1595:= (event) => {}
1561:= (event) => {}
1527:InvalidAccessError
1348:
968:"""
911:Upgrade: websocket
902:"""
265:URI generic syntax
211:Adobe Flash Player
8313:2011 in computing
8270:
8269:
8189:
8188:
8166:Browser extension
8141:
8140:
7861:
7860:
7797:Phusion Passenger
7521:
7520:
7494:
7493:
7490:
7489:
7177:Internet Explorer
6969:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6750:
6749:
6560:
6559:
6556:
6555:
6328:The WebSocket API
6311:The WebSocket API
5708:978-1-4302-4740-1
5639:Hacks.Mozilla.org
5604:"Web Sockets API"
5275:. sec. 1.4.
5272:Closing Handshake
5242:. sec. 5.3.
5209:. sec. 5.1.
5023:. sec. 5.4.
4961:. sec. 1.2.
4958:Protocol Overview
4631:. sec. 1.3.
4628:Opening Handshake
3854:. sec. 1.7.
3686:Sec-WebSocket-Key
3682:Content-Length: 8
3554:
3553:
3406:February 4, 2010
3338:Internet Explorer
3325:
3324:
3271:Message too big.
3263:Policy violated.
3145:
3144:
3006:Application data
2885:
2884:
2878:Application data
2543:Sec-WebSocket-Key
2525:Sec-WebSocket-Key
2300:Sec-WebSocket-Key
2251:
2250:
2047:Opening handshake
2039:Closing handshake
2017:Opening handshake
2004:
2003:
1976:closing handshake
1516:closing handshake
1488:InvalidStateError
1383:opening handshake
890:# Format response
230:Internet Explorer
144:The WebSocket API
105:
104:
16:(Redirected from
8320:
8235:Web API security
8157:Remote scripting
8127:Web SQL Database
7943:
7872:
7568:
7548:
7541:
7534:
7525:
6986:
6975:
6587:
6577:
6566:
6411:
6390:
6375:
6368:
6361:
6352:
6269:
6261:
6259:
6257:
6252:. sec. 11.4
6239:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6229:
6209:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6199:
6179:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6168:
6148:
6142:
6141:
6139:
6138:
6123:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6113:
6098:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6088:
6069:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6059:
6040:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6011:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6000:
5991:. May 17, 2014.
5981:
5975:
5974:
5972:
5970:
5961:. Archived from
5951:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5941:
5926:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5916:
5897:
5891:
5890:
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5868:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5858:
5839:
5833:
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5830:
5829:
5814:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5804:
5785:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5775:
5760:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5750:
5731:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5711:. Archived from
5690:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5680:
5671:. Archived from
5660:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5650:
5630:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5619:
5614:on June 10, 2011
5610:. Archived from
5600:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5579:AppleInsider.com
5570:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5560:
5545:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5520:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5510:
5495:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5485:
5476:. Archived from
5465:
5459:
5458:
5449:
5447:10.17487/RFC6455
5432:
5426:
5425:
5416:
5414:10.17487/RFC6455
5399:
5393:
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5383:
5381:10.17487/RFC6455
5366:
5360:
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5348:10.17487/RFC6455
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5315:10.17487/RFC6455
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5282:10.17487/RFC6455
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5249:10.17487/RFC6455
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5216:10.17487/RFC6455
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5195:
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5183:10.17487/RFC6455
5168:
5162:
5161:
5152:
5150:10.17487/RFC6455
5135:
5129:
5128:
5119:
5117:10.17487/RFC6455
5107:RSV1, RSV2, RSV3
5102:
5096:
5095:
5086:
5084:10.17487/RFC6455
5069:
5063:
5062:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5032:
5030:10.17487/RFC6455
5015:
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5003:
5001:
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4980:
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4968:10.17487/RFC6455
4953:
4947:
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4935:10.17487/RFC6455
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4914:
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4904:
4902:10.17487/RFC6455
4887:
4881:
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4869:10.17487/RFC6455
4854:
4848:
4847:
4838:
4836:10.17487/RFC6455
4821:
4815:
4814:
4805:
4803:10.17487/RFC6455
4788:
4782:
4781:
4772:
4770:10.17487/RFC6455
4760:Server step 5.4.
4755:
4749:
4748:
4739:
4737:10.17487/RFC6455
4722:
4716:
4715:
4706:
4704:10.17487/RFC6455
4689:
4683:
4682:
4673:
4671:10.17487/RFC6455
4656:
4650:
4649:
4640:
4638:10.17487/RFC6455
4623:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4578:
4576:10.17487/RFC6455
4561:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4516:
4514:10.17487/RFC6455
4499:
4493:
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4489:
4470:
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4463:
4454:
4452:10.17487/RFC6455
4437:
4431:
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4427:
4408:
4402:
4401:
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4390:10.17487/RFC6455
4375:
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4359:
4357:10.17487/RFC6455
4342:
4336:
4335:
4326:
4324:10.17487/RFC6455
4309:
4300:
4299:
4297:
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4187:
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4180:
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4158:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4137:Ietf Datatracker
4128:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4070:
4064:
4063:
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4041:
4035:
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4012:
4006:
4005:
3996:
3994:10.17487/RFC6455
3975:"WebSocket URIs"
3970:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3911:
3905:
3904:
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3879:
3873:
3872:
3863:
3861:10.17487/RFC6455
3837:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3779:
3762:
3759:
3687:
3683:
3671:
3666:
3396:Android Browser
3354:
3209:Protocol error.
3193:Normal closure.
3152:
3104:
3099:May be used for
3058:
3054:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2992:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2957:
2956:
2892:
2842:
2839:client must mask
2785:7, 7+16 or 7+64
2644:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2590:
2584:
2559:control messages
2544:
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2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
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2262:
2259:
2253:Example request:
2183:
2091:
1993:
1981:
1969:
1952:
1935:
1916:
1903:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1869:
1856:
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1726:
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1680:
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1665:
1657:
1643:
1640:for binary (see
1639:
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1460:
1441:
1437:
1428:
1413:Server hostname.
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1394:Scheme: must be
1390:
1376:
1351:
1344:
1332:
1329:
1326:
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262:
250:
247:(WebSocket) and
246:
101:
100:
76:Computer science
40:
33:
21:
8328:
8327:
8323:
8322:
8321:
8319:
8318:
8317:
8308:Web development
8273:
8272:
8271:
8266:
8240:Web application
8185:
8137:
8105:
8082:
8009:
7932:
7857:
7801:
7728:
7707:JavaScript JSGI
7687:ASP.NET Handler
7670:Jakarta Servlet
7636:
7557:
7552:
7522:
7517:
7486:
7412:IBM WebExplorer
7325:
7221:
7162:
7038:
6980:
6961:
6910:
6866:
6832:
6746:
6698:
6571:
6552:
6502:
6435:
6405:
6384:
6379:
6345:Wayback Machine
6318:Wayback Machine
6278:
6273:
6272:
6267:Wayback Machine
6255:
6253:
6241:
6240:
6236:
6227:
6225:
6211:
6210:
6206:
6197:
6195:
6190:. C4Media Inc.
6181:
6180:
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6166:
6164:
6150:
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6136:
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6125:
6124:
6120:
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6099:
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6028:
6026:
6013:
6012:
6008:
5998:
5996:
5983:
5982:
5978:
5968:
5966:
5965:on 17 July 2012
5953:
5952:
5948:
5939:
5937:
5928:
5927:
5923:
5914:
5912:
5905:trac.webkit.org
5899:
5898:
5894:
5885:
5883:
5870:
5869:
5865:
5856:
5854:
5847:code.google.com
5841:
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4999:
4997:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4892:Server step 5.2
4889:
4888:
4884:
4856:
4855:
4851:
4826:Server step 5.3
4823:
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4125:
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4101:
4100:
4096:
4087:
4085:
4078:krijnhoetmer.nl
4072:
4071:
4067:
4058:
4056:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4029:
4027:
4014:
4013:
4009:
3987:. sec. 3.
3972:
3971:
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3781:
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3776:
3771:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3714:Push technology
3694:
3685:
3681:
3678:reverse proxies
3669:
3664:
3634:
3632:Proxy traversal
3609:
3559:
3529:December, 2011
3471:April 22, 2011
3457:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3362:
3359:
3330:
3328:Browser support
3150:
3098:
3079:Protocol state
3056:
3052:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2948:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2917:
2890:
2864:Extension data
2856:
2855:
2836:
2818:is big-endian.
2814:
2782:Payload length
2769:
2685:
2659:(in bits)
2658:
2651:(in bits)
2650:
2642:
2640:Frame structure
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2329:
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2320:
2317:
2315:chat, superchat
2314:
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2263:
2260:
2257:
2191:
2179:
2168:
2112:
2096:
2078:status code 101
2049:
2009:
1996:The underlying
1987:
1979:
1963:
1946:
1929:
1911:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1877:
1864:
1851:
1840:
1836:
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1758:
1745:
1741:
1728:
1724:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1684:
1678:
1674:
1669:The underlying
1659:
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1637:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1599:
1598:
1590:
1582:
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1503:
1495:
1491:
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1484:ArrayBufferView
1483:
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868:
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835:
832:
829:
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814:
811:
808:
805:
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799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
776:# Parse request
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
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751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
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619:
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583:
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541:
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514:
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472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
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448:
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439:
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433:
430:
427:
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412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
368:// Local server
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
273:
260:
248:
244:
96:
95:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8326:
8324:
8316:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8298:Network socket
8295:
8290:
8285:
8275:
8274:
8268:
8267:
8265:
8264:
8259:
8258:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8237:
8232:
8231:
8230:
8220:
8219:
8218:
8213:
8203:
8197:
8195:
8191:
8190:
8187:
8186:
8184:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8149:
8147:
8143:
8142:
8139:
8138:
8136:
8135:
8130:
8129:(formerly W3C)
8124:
8119:
8113:
8111:
8107:
8106:
8104:
8103:
8098:
8092:
8090:
8084:
8083:
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8080:
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8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8019:
8017:
8011:
8010:
8008:
8007:
8005:XMLHttpRequest
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7951:
7949:
7940:
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7915:
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7903:
7898:
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7891:
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7863:
7862:
7859:
7858:
7856:
7855:
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7828:
7819:
7809:
7807:
7803:
7802:
7800:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7738:
7736:
7734:Apache modules
7730:
7729:
7727:
7726:
7725:
7724:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
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7662:
7657:
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7644:
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7609:
7604:
7603:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7576:
7574:
7565:
7559:
7558:
7555:Web interfaces
7553:
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7550:
7543:
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7528:
7519:
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7516:
7515:
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7505:
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7055:
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6888:
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6859:
6854:
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6813:
6808:
6797:
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6782:
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6761:
6759:
6752:
6751:
6748:
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6714:
6708:
6706:
6700:
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6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6636:
6634:Microsoft Edge
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6595:
6593:
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6428:
6423:
6417:
6415:
6407:
6406:
6404:
6403:
6400:
6397:
6393:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6378:
6377:
6370:
6363:
6355:
6349:
6348:
6335:
6325:
6308:
6307:
6306:
6300:
6294:
6277:
6276:External links
6274:
6271:
6270:
6234:
6204:
6174:
6143:
6118:
6093:
6077:Microsoft Docs
6064:
6035:
6006:
5976:
5946:
5921:
5892:
5863:
5849:. 2010-11-25.
5834:
5809:
5780:
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5726:
5707:
5685:
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5625:
5595:
5565:
5540:
5515:
5490:
5460:
5427:
5394:
5361:
5328:
5295:
5262:
5229:
5196:
5176:. p. 29.
5173:Payload length
5163:
5143:. p. 29.
5130:
5110:. p. 28.
5097:
5077:. p. 28.
5064:
5043:
5010:
4981:
4948:
4915:
4895:. p. 24.
4882:
4849:
4829:. p. 24.
4816:
4783:
4750:
4717:
4684:
4651:
4618:
4589:
4556:
4527:
4507:. p. 20.
4494:
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4370:
4337:
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4240:
4211:
4182:
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4007:
3965:
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3887:help.adobe.com
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3709:Network socket
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3498:
3497:July 11, 2011
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3043:Control frame
3040:
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3018:
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2207:
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2200:
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2192:
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2186:
2185:
2174:base64-encode(
2172:
2169:
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2152:
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2137:
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2110:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2035:
2029:
2008:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1984:
1983:
1970:
1960:
1959:
1953:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1895:
1894:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1867:bufferedAmount
1861:
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1849:
1845:
1844:
1817:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1788:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1757:was received:
1755:no Close frame
1750:
1749:
1733:
1732:
1713:
1712:
1701:event.wasClean
1698:
1692:
1667:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1631:
1611:Data received.
1608:
1587:
1586:
1572:
1554:
1548:
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1545:
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1500:
1499:
1461:
1452:
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1432:
1431:
1430:
1420:
1419:Optional path.
1417:
1414:
1411:
1377:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1338:
1335:
651:
648:
647:Server example
645:
330:
327:
326:Client example
324:
281:Michael Carter
272:
269:
226:Microsoft Edge
114:, providing a
110:is a computer
103:
102:
93:
89:
88:
83:
82:Connector type
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
49:
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41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8325:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8303:Real-time web
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8280:
8278:
8263:
8262:Web framework
8260:
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8248:
8246:
8243:
8242:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8229:
8226:
8225:
8224:
8223:Web standards
8221:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8208:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8201:Microservices
8199:
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8182:
8179:
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8174:
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8169:
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8162:
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8018:
8016:
8012:
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8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
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7990:Web messaging
7988:
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7899:
7895:
7892:
7890:
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7877:
7873:
7870:
7868:
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7854:
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7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7823:
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7818:
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7810:
7808:
7804:
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7708:
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7703:
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7698:
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7639:
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7509:
7506:
7504:
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7497:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
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7458:
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7453:
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7448:
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7410:
7408:
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7398:
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7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
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7373:
7370:
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7363:
7360:
7358:
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7353:
7350:
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7340:
7338:
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7334:
7332:
7328:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7271:Nokia Symbian
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
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7231:
7228:
7224:
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7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
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7185:
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7180:
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7174:
7172:
7169:
7165:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7123:PirateBrowser
7121:
7119:
7118:Mozilla suite
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
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7089:
7086:
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7059:
7056:
7054:
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7035:
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7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6987:
6983:
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6899:
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6894:
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6889:
6887:
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6882:
6879:
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6869:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6844:
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6839:
6835:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6803:
6802:
6798:
6796:
6793:
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6788:
6786:
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6762:
6760:
6757:
6753:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6709:
6707:
6705:
6701:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6644:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6599:Google Chrome
6597:
6596:
6594:
6592:
6588:
6585:
6582:
6578:
6574:
6567:
6563:
6549:
6546:
6544:
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6539:
6536:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6516:
6515:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6505:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6473:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6450:
6447:
6446:
6444:
6442:
6441:Web standards
6438:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6412:
6408:
6401:
6398:
6395:
6394:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6376:
6371:
6369:
6364:
6362:
6357:
6356:
6353:
6346:
6342:
6339:
6338:WebSocket.org
6336:
6333:
6329:
6326:
6323:
6322:Working Draft
6319:
6315:
6312:
6309:
6304:
6301:
6298:
6295:
6292:
6288:
6285:
6284:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6275:
6268:
6264:
6251:
6250:
6245:
6238:
6235:
6223:
6219:
6215:
6208:
6205:
6193:
6189:
6185:
6178:
6175:
6162:
6158:
6154:
6147:
6144:
6132:
6128:
6122:
6119:
6107:
6103:
6097:
6094:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6068:
6065:
6053:
6049:
6048:Apache Lounge
6045:
6039:
6036:
6024:
6020:
6016:
6010:
6007:
5994:
5990:
5986:
5980:
5977:
5964:
5960:
5956:
5950:
5947:
5936:on 2012-08-05
5935:
5931:
5925:
5922:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5896:
5893:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5867:
5864:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5838:
5835:
5823:
5819:
5813:
5810:
5799:on 2012-05-26
5798:
5794:
5790:
5784:
5781:
5769:
5765:
5759:
5756:
5745:on 2012-05-26
5744:
5740:
5736:
5730:
5727:
5714:
5710:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5689:
5686:
5675:on 2010-12-15
5674:
5670:
5669:My Opera Blog
5666:
5659:
5656:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5629:
5626:
5613:
5609:
5605:
5599:
5596:
5584:
5580:
5576:
5569:
5566:
5555:on 2016-09-22
5554:
5550:
5544:
5541:
5529:
5525:
5519:
5516:
5504:
5500:
5494:
5491:
5480:on 2012-05-26
5479:
5475:
5471:
5464:
5461:
5456:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5439:
5438:
5431:
5428:
5423:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5406:
5405:
5398:
5395:
5390:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5373:
5372:
5365:
5362:
5357:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5340:
5339:
5332:
5329:
5324:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5307:
5306:
5299:
5296:
5291:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5274:
5273:
5266:
5263:
5258:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5241:
5240:
5233:
5230:
5225:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5208:
5207:
5200:
5197:
5192:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5175:
5174:
5167:
5164:
5159:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5142:
5141:
5134:
5131:
5126:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5109:
5108:
5101:
5098:
5093:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5076:
5075:
5068:
5065:
5060:
5056:
5055:
5047:
5044:
5039:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5022:
5021:
5020:Fragmentation
5014:
5011:
5007:
4995:
4991:
4985:
4982:
4977:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4960:
4959:
4952:
4949:
4944:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4927:
4926:
4919:
4916:
4911:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4894:
4893:
4886:
4883:
4878:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4861:
4860:
4853:
4850:
4845:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4828:
4827:
4820:
4817:
4812:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4795:
4794:
4787:
4784:
4779:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4762:
4761:
4754:
4751:
4746:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4729:
4728:
4721:
4718:
4713:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4696:
4695:
4688:
4685:
4680:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4655:
4652:
4647:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4630:
4629:
4622:
4619:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4593:
4590:
4585:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4568:
4567:
4560:
4557:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4531:
4528:
4523:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4498:
4495:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4469:
4466:
4461:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4444:
4443:
4436:
4433:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4404:
4399:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4382:
4381:
4374:
4371:
4366:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4349:
4348:
4341:
4338:
4333:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4244:
4241:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4215:
4212:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4186:
4183:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4154:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4127:
4124:
4112:
4108:
4107:Chromium Blog
4104:
4098:
4095:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4069:
4066:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4040:
4037:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4008:
4003:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3969:
3966:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3939:
3936:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3910:
3907:
3903:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3878:
3875:
3870:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3836:
3833:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3807:
3804:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3775:
3768:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3745:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3689:
3679:
3674:
3662:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3571:load balancer
3568:
3567:reverse proxy
3564:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3442:
3440:
3438:May 23, 2010
3435:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3393:(PC, Mobile)
3390:
3385:
3383:(PC, Mobile)
3380:
3375:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3327:
3321:Private use.
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3182:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3002:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2961:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:Continuation
2923:
2919:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2871:Must be empty
2869:
2863:
2859:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2835:
2832:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2566:
2565:Fragmentation
2562:
2560:
2556:
2555:data messages
2548:
2546:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2522:
2401:
2339:
2254:
2246:
2244:
2243:Other headers
2241:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2092:
2089:HTTP headers
2086:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2073:HTTP response
2070:
2068:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2032:Data messages
2030:
2027:
2026:HTTP response
2023:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2006:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1893:constructor.
1884:
1881:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1837:"arraybuffer"
1818:
1815:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1683:
1682:
1672:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1642:ws.binaryType
1632:
1626:
1625:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1540:), otherwise
1539:
1531:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1492:ws.readyState
1465:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1433:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1346:
1336:
875:":"
646:
325:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
307:
303:
298:
296:
291:
286:
282:
278:
270:
268:
266:
258:
254:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
218:Google Chrome
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
175:
173:
169:
164:
160:
156:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
99:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
57:
53:
50:
46:
39:
34:
19:
7984:
7876:Browser APIs
7817:Web resource
7631:
7482:WorldWideWeb
7197:MediaBrowser
7192:GreenBrowser
7073:Firefox Lite
6979:Discontinued
6547:
6431:Privacy mode
6382:Web browsers
6254:. Retrieved
6248:
6237:
6226:. Retrieved
6217:
6207:
6196:. Retrieved
6187:
6177:
6167:December 30,
6165:. Retrieved
6156:
6146:
6135:. Retrieved
6121:
6110:. Retrieved
6096:
6085:. Retrieved
6076:
6067:
6056:. Retrieved
6047:
6038:
6027:. Retrieved
6018:
6009:
5997:. Retrieved
5988:
5979:
5967:. Retrieved
5963:the original
5958:
5949:
5938:. Retrieved
5934:the original
5924:
5913:. Retrieved
5904:
5895:
5884:. Retrieved
5875:
5866:
5855:. Retrieved
5846:
5837:
5826:. Retrieved
5812:
5801:. Retrieved
5797:the original
5792:
5783:
5772:. Retrieved
5758:
5747:. Retrieved
5743:the original
5738:
5729:
5717:. Retrieved
5713:the original
5698:
5688:
5677:. Retrieved
5673:the original
5668:
5658:
5647:. Retrieved
5638:
5628:
5616:. Retrieved
5612:the original
5598:
5587:. Retrieved
5578:
5568:
5557:. Retrieved
5553:the original
5543:
5532:. Retrieved
5518:
5507:. Retrieved
5493:
5482:. Retrieved
5478:the original
5473:
5463:
5436:
5430:
5403:
5397:
5370:
5364:
5337:
5331:
5304:
5298:
5271:
5265:
5238:
5232:
5205:
5199:
5172:
5166:
5139:
5133:
5106:
5100:
5073:
5067:
5053:
5046:
5019:
5013:
5005:
4998:. Retrieved
4984:
4957:
4951:
4928:p. 18.
4924:
4918:
4891:
4885:
4862:p. 17.
4858:
4852:
4825:
4819:
4796:p. 18.
4792:
4786:
4763:p. 24.
4759:
4753:
4730:p. 18.
4726:
4720:
4697:p. 18.
4693:
4687:
4664:p. 18.
4660:
4654:
4627:
4621:
4610:. Retrieved
4601:
4592:
4565:
4559:
4548:. Retrieved
4539:
4530:
4503:
4497:
4486:. Retrieved
4477:
4468:
4441:
4435:
4424:. Retrieved
4415:
4412:"CONNECTING"
4406:
4379:
4373:
4346:
4340:
4313:
4293:. Retrieved
4284:
4261:. Retrieved
4252:
4243:
4232:. Retrieved
4223:
4214:
4203:. Retrieved
4194:
4185:
4174:. Retrieved
4165:
4156:
4145:. Retrieved
4136:
4126:
4115:. Retrieved
4106:
4097:
4086:. Retrieved
4077:
4068:
4057:. Retrieved
4049:lists.w3.org
4048:
4039:
4028:. Retrieved
4019:
4010:
3979:
3968:
3957:. Retrieved
3938:
3927:. Retrieved
3919:MDN Web Docs
3918:
3909:
3901:
3895:. Retrieved
3886:
3877:
3846:
3835:
3824:. Retrieved
3815:
3806:
3795:. Retrieved
3786:
3777:
3675:
3670:HTTP CONNECT
3665:HTTP CONNECT
3658:
3655:
3646:
3642:HTTP CONNECT
3635:
3610:
3342:
3331:
3166:Description
3162:
3148:Status codes
3065:
3062:
2916:Fragmentable
2909:Description
2902:
2870:
2844:
2838:
2830:Masking key
2804:
2798:
2792:
2699:
2662:Description
2630:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2596:
2587:
2581:
2577:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2552:
2540:
2523:
2520:
2395:
2337:
2252:
2209:
2197:
2144:
2082:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2053:HTTP request
2052:
2050:
2037:
2031:
2022:HTTP request
2015:
2010:
1997:
1989:
1975:
1972:
1965:
1955:
1948:
1938:
1931:
1913:
1900:
1879:
1866:
1853:
1825:ws.onmessage
1813:
1790:
1782:
1779:
1774:
1763:event.reason
1754:
1746:event.reason
1737:
1729:event.reason
1720:
1714:
1695:event.reason
1681:containing:
1670:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1618:MessageEvent
1610:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1574:
1566:
1563:
1558:
1515:
1512:
1505:
1463:
1456:
1422:
1382:
1379:
1372:
1360:Description
1340:
1301:payload_size
1280:payload_size
1217:payload_size
1196:payload_size
728:""
310:
299:
274:
242:
215:
176:
152:
143:
135:
107:
106:
62:Developed by
8255:Progressive
8250:Single-page
8058:WebAssembly
8038:Geolocation
7995:Web storage
7901:C NPRuntime
7889:LiveConnect
7867:Client-side
7813:Web service
7742:mod_include
7697:Python ASGI
7692:Python WSGI
7642:Server APIs
7563:Server-side
7508:Comparisons
7467:ThunderHawk
7447:NetPositive
7387:Edge Legacy
7316:WebPositive
7281:Opera Coast
7143:Swiftweasel
6906:qutebrowser
6795:Tor Browser
6790:SlimBrowser
6591:Proprietary
6529:third-party
6481:Web storage
6476:WebAssembly
5999:November 3,
5474:Mozilla.org
3626:Cable Haunt
3458:(disabled)
3445:(disabled)
3436:May 6, 2010
3388:(Mac, iOS)
3365:Draft date
3103:measurement
3074:reason code
2981:Data frame
2895:Frame type
2194:Connection
1841:ArrayBuffer
1689:status code
1638:ArrayBuffer
1542:SyntaxError
1480:ArrayBuffer
1427:SyntaxError
1366:Constructor
1319:masking_key
1232:masking_key
1211:# bits 9-15
290:Ian Hickson
183:web browser
179:full-duplex
8277:Categories
8023:DOM events
8000:Web worker
7985:WebSockets
7846:comparison
7782:mod_python
7762:mod_parrot
7595:Encryption
7153:Timberwolf
7148:TenFourFox
7093:Kazehakase
7083:Ghostzilla
6952:Opera Mini
6886:DuckDuckGo
6775:GNU IceCat
6519:Encryption
6471:JavaScript
6426:Extensions
6228:2011-12-10
6198:2011-12-10
6137:2024-05-03
6112:2020-12-29
6087:2020-02-18
6058:2021-01-26
6029:2021-01-26
5969:3 February
5940:2012-08-03
5915:2011-12-10
5886:2012-07-23
5857:2011-12-10
5828:2011-07-28
5803:2011-12-10
5774:2011-12-10
5749:2011-12-10
5701:. Apress.
5679:2011-05-09
5649:2011-05-09
5608:BlackBerry
5589:2011-05-09
5559:2011-12-10
5534:2012-11-07
5509:2011-08-03
5484:2011-06-30
4612:2024-04-10
4550:2024-04-10
4488:2024-04-10
4426:2024-04-13
4295:2024-04-13
4263:2024-04-13
4234:2024-04-10
4205:2024-04-30
4176:2024-04-10
4147:2016-04-17
4117:2016-04-17
4088:2016-04-18
4059:2016-04-17
4030:2016-04-17
4020:www.w3.org
3959:2011-12-10
3929:2021-07-26
3897:2021-07-28
3826:2022-05-16
3816:www.w3.org
3797:2022-05-16
3769:References
3638:user agent
3378:(Android)
3336:12.10 and
3316:4000–4999
3303:3000–3999
3085:125 bytes
2820:Signedness
2816:Endianness
2632:opcode = 0
2620:opcode = 0
2608:opcode ≠ 0
2589:opcode ≠ 0
2367:Connection
2291:Connection
2105:Mandatory
1988:WebSocket.
1980:ws.close()
1964:WebSocket.
1947:WebSocket.
1932:CONNECTING
1930:WebSocket.
1914:readyState
1901:extensions
1821:event.data
1814:binaryType
1759:event.code
1742:event.code
1738:no payload
1725:event.code
1711:otherwise.
1691:(integer).
1685:event.code
1679:CloseEvent
1622:event.data
1429:is thrown.
1124:# bits 4-7
839:startswith
191:web server
185:(or other
136:WebSockets
18:Websockets
8181:Scripting
8043:IndexedDB
7894:XPConnect
7853:Scripting
7777:mod_proxy
7722:container
7712:Perl PSGI
7702:Ruby Rack
7675:container
7632:WebSocket
7572:Protocols
7432:Line Mode
7256:Google TV
7212:SpaceTime
7207:NetCaptor
7202:NeoPlanet
7088:IceDragon
7063:Classilla
6896:Lunascape
6891:Konqueror
6852:GNOME Web
6821:SeaMonkey
6816:Pale Moon
6780:LibreWolf
6742:ungoogled
6737:Supermium
6548:WebSocket
6507:Protocols
6486:IndexedDB
6421:Bookmarks
6402:protocols
6399:standards
6188:Infoq.com
5959:nginx.org
4536:"CLOSING"
3135:Reserved
3111:heartbeat
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359:(
350:=
261:#
20:)
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