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innocent blood, challenged
Radislas to single combat. As Radislas advanced toward the king, he saw by Wenceslaus's side two angels, who cried: "Stand off!" Thunderstruck, Radislas repented his rebellion, threw himself from his horse at Wenceslaus's feet, and asked for pardon. Wenceslaus raised him and kindly received him again into favour.
1379:, a thirteenth-century manuscript from Bohemia in the Swedish National Library in Stockholm, it is stated: "All this bears witness to the outstanding importance of the cult of Vaclav in Bohemia at the time of the Devil's Bible's compilation. Moreover, all three festivals are inscribed in red ink, denoting their superlative degree."
726:, no one doubts that, rising every night from his noble bed, with bare feet and only one chamberlain, he went around to God’s churches and gave alms generously to widows, orphans, those in prison and afflicted by every difficulty, so much so that he was considered, not a prince, but the father of all the wretched.
458:
in 895. Henry had been forced to pay a huge tribute to the
Magyars in 926 and needed the Bohemian tribute, which Wenceslaus probably refused to pay after the reconciliation between Arnulf and Henry. Another possible reason for the attack was the formation of the anti-Saxon alliance between Bohemia,
898:
in 1853, and may be a translation of a poem by Czech poet Václav Alois
Svoboda. A supposed American spelling of the duke's name, "Wenceslaus," is occasionally encountered in later textual variants of the carol, although it was not used by Neale in his version, and in the U.S. the name usually is
803:
According to legend, one Count
Radislas rose in rebellion and marched against King Wenceslaus. The latter sent a deputation with offers of peace, but Radislas viewed this as a sign of cowardice. The two armies were drawn up opposite each other in battle array, when Wenceslaus, to avoid shedding
799:
Legends of
Wenceslaus began to appear around the second half of the 10th century, several decades after his death, and spread throughout both Bohemia and abroad, including Italy, Germany, and even Russia. Such legends include the first Old Slavic legend from the 10th century, the Latin legend
752:" is one of the oldest known Czech songs. Traceable to the 12th century AD, it is still among the most popular religious songs in the Bohemian lands. In 1918, at the founding of the modern Czechoslovak state, the song was discussed as a possible choice for the national anthem. During the
937:, Wenceslaus’s image as a saint and martyr was often employed by Charles in his enterprises both at home and abroad, and in later years when the systematic Germanization of Bohemia began, Wenceslaus came to be considered a representation of the Czech national consciousness.
329:
Drahomíra then assumed the role of regent and immediately initiated measures against
Christians. When Wenceslaus was 18, those Christian nobles who remained rebelled against Drahomira. The uprising was successful, and Drahomira was sent into exile to Budeč.
860:
975:
wrote a comic epic poem, "The
Christmas that Almost Wasn't" (1957), in which a boy awakens Wenceslaus and his knights to save the kingdom of Lullapat from usurpers who have outlawed Christmas, with elements from the legend of Wenceslas.
321:
when assassins murdered her on 15 September 921. She is said to have been strangled by them with her veil. She was at first buried in the church of St. Michael at Tetín, but her remains were later removed, probably by
Wenceslaus, to the
528:
The assassination of
Wenceslaus has been characterized as an important turning point in early Bohemian history, as the rule of Boleslav I saw him renounce the Franks, centralize power in Bohemia and expand the territory of the polity.
1700:
823:
which says that when the
Motherland is in danger or in its darkest times and close to ruin, the equestrian statue of King Wenceslaus in Wenceslaus Square will come to life, raise the army sleeping in Blaník, and upon crossing the
462:
Wenceslaus introduced German priests into his realm and favoured the Latin rite instead of the old Slavic, which had gone into disuse in many places for want of priests. He also founded a rotunda consecrated to
828:
his horse will stumble and trip over a stone, revealing the legendary sword of Bruncvík. With this sword, King Wenceslaus will slay all the enemies of the Czechs, bringing peace and prosperity to the land.
209:
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In 921, when Wenceslaus was about 13, his father died and his grandmother became regent. Jealous of the influence Ludmila wielded over Wenceslaus, Drahomíra arranged to have her killed. Ludmila was at
404:
With the support of the nobles, Wenceslaus took control of the government. He "reined in the dependent dukes who had become restive under the regency and used Christianity to strengthen his state."
239:
His martyrdom and the popularity of several biographies gave rise to a reputation for heroic virtue that resulted in his sainthood. He was posthumously declared to be a king and patron saint of the
859:
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929:. Later, even when the Hussites and Protestants gained the upper hand in Bohemia and the cult of Wenceslaus faded, he still remained a venerated figure throughout Bohemia, with
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In September 935, a group of nobles allied with Wenceslaus's younger brother Boleslav plotted to kill him. After Boleslav invited Wenceslaus to a celebration of the feast of
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of the early 12th century, one of Boleslav's sons was born on the day of Wenceslaus's death. Because of the ominous circumstance of his birth, the infant was named
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503:, three of Boleslav's companions (Tira, Česta, and Hněvsa) fell on the duke and stabbed him to death. As the duke fell, Boleslav ran him through with a lance.
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819:. They will awake and, under the command of Wenceslaus, bring aid to the Czech people in their ultimate danger. There is a similar legend in
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Wenceslaus flees from his brother who is wielding a sword, but the priest closes the door of the church (from Gumpold's Codex)
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posthumously "conferred on the regal dignity and title", which is why he is referred to as "king" in legend and song.
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from 921 until his death, probably in 935. According to the legend, he was assassinated by his younger brother,
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952:. The statue is a popular meeting place in Prague. Demonstrations against the Communist regime were held there.
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and other patrons of Bohemia (St. Adalbert, St. Ludmila, St. Prokop and St. Agnes of Bohemia) are located on
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avenged his death by killing one of the chief conspirators, an act for which he was executed by Boleslav.
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Wenceslaus’s name was often invoked, and it was only later that he was overshadowed by Hussite warrior
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1281:, Vol. VI, ed. J.R. Tanner, C.W. Previt-Orton and Z.N. Brook, (Cambridge University Press, 1957), 426.
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1701:"Wenceslas Looks Out: Monarchy, Locality, and the Symbolism of Power in Fourteenth-Century Bavaria"
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in a sudden attack that forced Wenceslaus to resume the payment of a tribute first imposed by the
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1316:, Volume XXXVII, No. 3, December 1929, p. 8, University of Bishop's College, Lennoxville, Quebec
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Early in 929, the joint forces of Duke Arnulf of Bavaria and King Henry I the Fowler reached
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563:, Prague. The head of the statue apparently fits the measurements of Wenceslaus's skull.
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1329:"The archaeology of early medieval violence: the mass grave at Budeč, Czech Republic"
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But his deeds I think you know better than I could tell you; for, as is read in his
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Palo Alto, California: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 2004. n.p.,
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411:, the rulers of the Bohemian Duchy had to deal both with continuous raids by the
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whose power stems mainly from his great piety as well as his princely vigor.
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1932:
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Although Wenceslaus was only a duke during his lifetime, Holy Roman Emperor
464:
4127:
3299:
1937:
812:
795:
with the skull of Saint Wenceslaus during a procession on 28 September 2006
695:. Within a few decades, four biographies of him were in circulation. These
427:, who had started several eastern campaigns into the adjacent lands of the
933:
himself often referencing Wenceslaus in his sermons. During the reign of
295:, but was baptized at the time of her marriage. His paternal grandmother,
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4309:
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4107:
3981:
3881:
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3332:
3073:
2927:
2912:
2847:
2832:
2821:
1952:
1345:
1328:
1237:
1185:
Christiansen, Rupert. "The story behind the carol: Good King Wenceslas",
1796:
1785:
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2703:
1967:
1947:
1749:
1685:
1669:
1604:
930:
708:
692:
688:
667:
585:
522:
368: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
292:
147:
103:
1869:
1453:
Hastening Toward Prague: Power and Society in the Medieval Czech Lands
1423:
The Life and Passion of Saint Václav and his Grandmother Saint Ludmila
1136:"Svatý Václav se narodil u nás, tvrdí obyvatelé Stochova na Kladensku"
1058:
Most frequently cited year of birth; other cited years are 908 or 911.
4258:
4215:
4205:
3841:
3719:
3215:
3185:
2971:
2917:
2698:
1977:
1414:
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907:(Wenceslaus I Premyslid), who lived more than three centuries later.
820:
763:. On this day, celebrations and a pilgrimage are held in the city of
680:
663:
621:
581:
569:
472:
447:
318:
19:"St. Wenceslas" redirects here. For the 1930 Czechoslovak film, see
866:
The first, third, and fifth verses, performed by the chorus of the
4057:
2743:
1962:
1957:
1524:
983:, is a highly fictional account of his early life. The film stars
909:
786:
687:
immediately after his death, when a cult of Wenceslaus grew up in
684:
541:
486:
395:
224:
1157:"Ostatky sv. Václava jsou po 1076 letech zpět ve Staré Boleslavi"
4279:
3943:
2661:
1208:
Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 8 January 2016
745:
2572:
1873:
337:
1067:
According to legend; otherwise the place of birth is unknown.
714:
Referring approvingly to these hagiographies, the chronicler
2568:
1605:"Latin Legends of Czech Saints: Vitus, Prokop and Wenceslas"
839:
730:
Several centuries later this legend was asserted as fact by
306:
and, at an early age, Wenceslaus was sent to the college at
955:
His helmet and armour are on display inside Prague Castle.
1833:
1419:
Vita et passio sancti Venceslai et sancte Ludmile ave eius
800:
Crescente fide, Gumpold's legend, and Christian's legend.
521:
There is also a tradition that Wenceslaus's loyal servant
1294:
Newton, Michael. "Wenceslaus I (907–935)", ABC-CLIO, 2014
1238:
Butler, Alban. "St. Wenceslas, Duke of Bohemia, Martyr",
969:
was at the time the most expensive Czech film ever made.
1327:Štefan, Ivo; Stránská, Petra; Vondrová, Hana (2016).
1279:
The Cambridge Medieval History: Victory of the Papacy
2537:
During his reign obtained non-hereditary royal title
1206:
Francis. "St. Wenceslaus." The Catholic Encyclopedia
775:. Since 2000, the September 28 feast day has been a
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1991:
1920:
1911:
1035:
Statues of Saints Norbert, Wenceslaus and Sigismund
756:, it was often played along with the Czech anthem.
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271:, and grandmother, Ludmila, had been converted by
1223:Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, . 2016
890:(celebrated on December 26 in the West) carol "
720:
1255:The Czechs and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown
771:, which took place in 938, is commemorated on
137:Basilica of St. Wenceslaus in Stará Boleslav,
2584:
1885:
1738:"St. Wenceslas Monument in Prague", Prague.cz
903:. Wenceslaus is not to be confused with King
8:
1628:. Prague: Nakladatelství XYZ. p. 289.
1275:Bohemia to the Extinction of the Premyslids
3962:
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2355:
2321:
2284:
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1917:
1892:
1878:
1870:
1838:
1670:"Good King Wenceslas: A Historical Sketch"
1568:Martyr Wenceslaus the Prince of the Czechs
1200:
1198:
1196:
718:, writing in about the year 1119, states:
536:
41:
32:
1344:
1289:
1287:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1112:"Sep 28 – St Wenceslaus (907–929) martyr"
886:Wenceslaus is the subject of the popular
384:Learn how and when to remove this message
759:Wenceslaus's feast day is celebrated on
299:, saw to it that he was educated in the
1130:
1128:
1079:
1051:
811:claims an army of knights sleeps under
748:"Svatý Václave" (Saint Wenceslaus) or "
243:. He is the subject of the well-known "
51:(from the 10th-century Gumpold's Codex)
876:
326:, which had been built by his father.
47:Wenceslaus adored by his niece-in-law
3921:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
1674:The Slavonic and East European Review
1312:Gibbs, C.H., "Good King Wenceslaus",
942:equestrian statue of Saint Wenceslaus
779:, celebrated as Czech Statehood Day.
459:the Polabian Slavs, and the Magyars.
291:, was the daughter of a chief of the
201:
7:
1750:"Prague Castle: St Wenceslas Chapel"
1456:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
777:public holiday in the Czech Republic
366:adding citations to reliable sources
1834:Good King Wenceslas: The Real Story
1594:Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
1557:Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
653:, dagger, burning eagle on a banner
1484:"Defries – St. Oswald's Martyrdom"
518:, which means "a dreadful feast".
475:that was the basis of present-day
14:
1413:(in Latin) by Gumpold, bishop of
1411:Passio sancti Venceslavi martyris
1114:. CatholicIreland.net. 2011-09-28
917:on the eponymous square in Prague
4425:10th-century monarchs of Bohemia
4400:10th-century people from Bohemia
4342:
4341:
3797:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
3692:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
2192:
1774:The Christmas that Almost Wasn't
1009:
987:in the title role, supported by
877:Problems playing this file? See
855:
699:had a powerful influence on the
553:
342:
1429:(Kristián) as described in the
353:needs additional citations for
16:Duke of Bohemia from 921 to 935
4430:Burials at St. Vitus Cathedral
4420:10th-century murdered monarchs
4405:10th-century Christian martyrs
3777:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
3706:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
3089:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
2868:Legend of the Christmas Spider
1626:Staropražské pověsti a legendy
1218:Ott, Michael. "St. Ludmilla."
559:Statue of Saint Wenceslaus in
324:church of St. George in Prague
214:; c. 907 – 28 September 935),
1:
4410:10th-century Christian saints
4390:Eastern Orthodox royal saints
4370:Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia
3728:Christmas television specials
3627:The New Oxford Book of Carols
2714:Annunciation to the shepherds
1992:
1138:(in Czech). iDnes. 2011-09-28
899:spelled Wenceslas, as in the
547:Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia
4415:10th-century dukes in Europe
3782:Christmas and holiday season
2559:from the Wittelsbach dynasty
963:The lavish 1930 silent film
679:Wenceslaus was considered a
4470:Czech Roman Catholic saints
4450:Roman Catholic royal saints
263:, Duke of Bohemia from the
4501:
2694:Adoration of the Shepherds
1798:Good King Wenceslas (1994)
1668:Odložilík, Otakar (1929).
1572:OCA – Lives of the Saints.
1472:– via Google Boeken.
979:The 1994 television film,
259:Wenceslaus was the son of
25:
18:
4337:
3938:WWE Tribute to the Troops
3699:A Visit from St. Nicholas
3620:The Oxford Book of Carols
3196:Feast of the Seven Fishes
2759:Massacre of the Innocents
2608:
2524:
2190:
1858:
1849:
1841:
1778:Little, Brown and Company
1717:10.1017/S0008938919000141
1220:The Catholic Encyclopedia
915:Statue of Saint Wenceslas
769:translation of his relics
552:
183:Chalcedonian Christianity
40:
3740:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
2305:Ladislaus the Posthumous
1705:Central European History
1486:. Mun.ca. Archived from
1450:Wolverton, Lisa (2001).
1030:Sword of Saint Wenceslas
1025:Crown of Saint Wenceslas
921:At the beginning of the
497:Saints Cosmas and Damian
26:Not to be confused with
4480:Medieval child monarchs
4395:Eastern Orthodox saints
3902:Small Business Saturday
3772:Black Friday (shopping)
3767:Black Friday (partying)
3261:Nine Lessons and Carols
3191:Events and celebrations
2153:1198–1306 (Kings)
1624:Košnář, Julius (2008).
1546:September 28/October 11
1511:, Quoted in Wolverton,
1240:The Lives of the Saints
1092:Encyclopædia Britannica
905:Wenceslaus I of Bohemia
894:". It was published by
750:Saint Wenceslas Chorale
613:Eastern Orthodox Church
69:28 September 935 or 929
28:Wenceslaus I of Bohemia
4445:Christian royal saints
3546:Post-War United States
1995:870–1198 (Dukes)
1163:(in Czech). Deník.cz,
918:
844:
796:
728:
492:
415:and the forces of the
401:
277:Byzantine Christianity
198:
3595:Hit singles in the US
3590:Hit singles in the UK
3151:Carols by Candlelight
3079:Santa Claus' daughter
2687:Adoration of the Magi
1943:Přemysl the Ploughman
1817:Patron Saints Index:
1525:"Good King Wenceslas"
1253:Agnew, Hugh LeCaine.
913:
843:
790:
490:
399:
4465:Czech murder victims
4455:Christmas characters
3887:Santa's Candy Castle
3211:Google Santa Tracker
2216:Henry the Carinthian
2144:Vladislaus III Henry
1699:Scales, Len (2019).
1346:10.15184/aqy.2016.29
815:, a mountain in the
707:(righteous king), a
400:Seal of Wenceslaus I
362:improve this article
269:Bořivoj I of Bohemia
21:St. Wenceslas (film)
3892:Santa Claus Village
3807:Christmas Mountains
3713:Journey of the Magi
2719:Baptism of the Lord
2548:Wittelsbach dynasty
2042:Boleslaus the Brave
1832:Rejzl, Jan (1995).
1610:Library of Congress
1431:Kristiánova legenda
1394:Old Church Slavonic
1390:First Slavonic Life
1040:Good King Wenceslas
981:Good King Wenceslas
892:Good King Wenceslas
888:Saint Stephen's Day
851:Good King Wenceslas
628:St. Vitus Cathedral
561:St. Vitus Cathedral
477:St. Vitus Cathedral
456:Arnulf of Carinthia
304:liturgical language
301:Old Church Slavonic
279:in a still unified
273:Cyril and Methodius
267:. His grandfather,
249:Saint Stephen's Day
245:Good King Wenceslas
234:Boleslaus the Cruel
203:[ˈvaːtslaf]
139:St. Vitus Cathedral
4435:Christian monarchs
4002:Twelve-dish supper
3852:Jews and Christmas
3802:Christmas Lectures
3531:American Civil War
3266:NORAD Tracks Santa
2642:Saint Nicholas Day
2088:Svatopluk the Lion
1588:2014-11-29 at the
1551:2014-11-29 at the
1189:, 14 December 2007
959:In popular culture
919:
845:
807:A second enduring
797:
493:
407:After the fall of
402:
297:Ludmila of Bohemia
4385:Bohemian nobility
4357:
4356:
4333:
4332:
3997:Thirteen desserts
3917:Virginia O'Hanlon
3762:Advent Conspiracy
3676:Films (Christmas,
3668:A Christmas Carol
3613:Carols for Choirs
3156:Cavalcade of Magi
3136:Boar's Head Feast
2805:Star of Bethlehem
2776:Nativity of Jesus
2764:flight into Egypt
2649:St. Stephen's Day
2566:
2565:
2520:
2519:
2470:Habsburg-Lorraine
2464:
2463:
2379:
2378:
2345:
2344:
2313:
2312:
2274:
2273:
2229:
2228:
2188:
2187:
1868:
1867:
1859:Succeeded by
1825:Catholic Online:
1658:form of the name.
1656:Second Declension
1635:978-80-86864-86-0
1509:Chronica Boëmorum
1396:), the anonymous
1165:Czech News Agency
946:Wenceslaus Square
861:
677:
676:
605:Venerated in
512:Chronica Boëmorum
394:
393:
386:
265:Přemyslid dynasty
188:
187:
67:13 February 921 −
4492:
4485:Medieval legends
4475:Dukes of Bohemia
4349:
4345:
4344:
4180:Redcurrant sauce
3969:
3963:
3958:
3932:Winter festivals
3682:Christmas horror
3649:
3560:
3391:
3246:Meals and feasts
3166:Christmas jumper
3113:
3084:Santa's reindeer
3036:
2982:Father Christmas
2946:
2903:Santa's workshop
2824:
2786:in later culture
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2602:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2570:
2544:Elector Palatine
2475:
2390:
2356:
2322:
2301:
2285:
2240:
2206:
2196:
2139:Henry Bretislaus
2017:Saint Wenceslaus
1994:
1918:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1871:
1842:Preceded by
1839:
1805:
1794:
1788:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1746:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1665:
1659:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1601:
1595:
1579:
1573:
1564:
1558:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1521:
1515:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1409:(in Latin), the
1407:
1386:
1380:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1348:
1339:(351): 759–776.
1324:
1318:
1309:
1303:
1291:
1282:
1277:, Kamil Krofta,
1272:
1266:
1250:
1244:
1235:
1224:
1215:
1209:
1202:
1191:
1182:
1176:
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1153:
1147:
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1144:
1143:
1132:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1084:
1068:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1019:
1014:
1013:
1012:
985:Jonathan Brandis
896:John Mason Neale
863:
862:
842:
716:Cosmas of Prague
701:High Middle Ages
624:
595:28 September 935
557:
537:
508:Cosmas of Prague
425:Henry the Fowler
389:
382:
378:
375:
369:
346:
338:
222:was the Prince (
213:
212:
211:
205:
121:28 September 929
117:28 September 935
45:
33:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4347:
4329:
4295:Pickled herring
4268:
4237:
4184:
4175:Cranberry sauce
4158:
4137:
4113:Red velvet cake
4098:Poppy seed roll
4016:
3967:
3956:
3954:
3948:
3927:White Christmas
3817:Christmas truce
3812:Christmas seals
3792:Christmas creep
3754:
3752:
3746:
3647:
3641:
3558:
3552:
3389:
3383:
3236:Lord of Misrule
3171:Christmas Peace
3121:Advent calendar
3111:
3105:
3054:Knecht Ruprecht
3034:
3032:
3026:
2948:
2944:
2937:
2826:
2822:
2814:
2739:Herod the Great
2674:
2668:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2567:
2562:
2516:
2478:1780–1918
2460:
2393:1526–1780
2375:
2359:1471–1526
2341:
2325:1457–1471
2309:
2299:
2288:1437–1457
2270:
2243:1310–1437
2225:
2209:1306–1310
2197:
2184:
2148:
1987:
1907:
1898:
1864:
1855:
1852:Duke of Bohemia
1847:
1813:
1808:
1795:
1791:
1768:
1764:
1755:
1753:
1752:. Prague Castle
1748:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1732:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1680:(22): 120–130.
1667:
1666:
1662:
1653:Mediaeval Latin
1647:
1643:
1636:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1590:Wayback Machine
1580:
1576:
1565:
1561:
1553:Wayback Machine
1543:
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1387:
1383:
1375:Describing the
1374:
1370:
1326:
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1321:
1310:
1306:
1292:
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1048:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1005:
993:Stefanie Powers
961:
884:
883:
875:
873:
872:
871:
870:
868:U. S. Army Band
864:
856:
853:
846:
840:
835:
785:
754:Nazi occupation
703:concept of the
619:
609:Catholic Church
596:
580:
564:
548:
545:
544:
535:
485:
390:
379:
373:
370:
359:
347:
336:
257:
247:", a carol for
220:Václav the Good
208:
207:
206:
142:
124:
122:
120:
119:(aged c. 28) or
118:
102:
68:
58:Duke of Bohemia
52:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4498:
4496:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4460:Czech folklore
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4440:Czech nobility
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4362:
4361:
4355:
4354:
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4351:
4338:
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4330:
4328:
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4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4276:
4274:
4270:
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4267:
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4261:
4256:
4251:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4226:Smoking Bishop
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4166:
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4159:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4145:
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4138:
4136:
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4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3971:
3960:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3914:
3909:
3907:Super Saturday
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3837:Giving Tuesday
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3787:Christmas club
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3758:
3756:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3685:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3664:
3653:
3651:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3634:Piae Cantiones
3630:
3623:
3616:
3606:
3600:Music charts (
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3564:
3562:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3395:
3393:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3117:
3115:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3069:Père Fouettard
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3035:Saint Nicholas
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2987:Grandpa Indian
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2955:Saint Nicholas
2951:
2949:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2893:Old Man Winter
2890:
2885:
2880:
2878:Miner's figure
2875:
2870:
2865:
2863:Kallikantzaros
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2829:
2827:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2793:Nativity scene
2790:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2773:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2678:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2628:Children's Day
2624:
2617:
2614:Blue Christmas
2609:
2606:
2605:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2553:Prince-elector
2550:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2529:Duke of Poland
2525:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2508:
2506:Francis Joseph
2503:
2498:
2492:
2487:
2481:
2479:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2450:Charles Albert
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2326:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2252:
2250:John the Blind
2246:
2244:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2180:Wenceslaus III
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2124:Conrad II Otto
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1874:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1857:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1830:
1827:St. Wenceslaus
1822:
1819:St. Wenceslaus
1812:
1811:External links
1809:
1807:
1806:
1789:
1762:
1741:
1730:
1711:(2): 179–210.
1691:
1660:
1641:
1634:
1616:
1596:
1574:
1559:
1537:
1516:
1507:Book I of the
1500:
1475:
1462:
1442:
1417:(d. 985), and
1399:Crescente fide
1381:
1368:
1319:
1304:
1283:
1267:
1245:
1242:, Vol. IX 1866
1225:
1210:
1192:
1177:
1148:
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1103:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1060:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1004:
1001:
960:
957:
874:
865:
854:
849:
848:
847:
838:
837:
836:
834:
831:
826:Charles Bridge
817:Czech Republic
784:
781:
767:, whereas the
765:Stará Boleslav
675:
674:
672:Czech Republic
661:
655:
654:
648:
642:
641:
638:
632:
631:
625:
616:
615:
606:
602:
601:
598:Stará Boleslav
593:
589:
588:
577:
573:
572:
566:
565:
558:
550:
549:
546:
540:
534:
531:
501:Stará Boleslav
484:
481:
429:Polabian Slavs
392:
391:
350:
348:
341:
335:
332:
287:. His mother,
256:
253:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
150:
144:
143:
136:
134:
130:
129:
126:Stará Boleslav
115:
111:
110:
99:
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94:
91:
90:
85:
81:
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75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
54:
53:
46:
38:
37:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
4497:
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4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
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4433:
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4428:
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4408:
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1527:. Kresadlo.cz
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1490:on 2013-11-09
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1088:"Wenceslas I"
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1017:Saints portal
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697:hagiographies
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506:According to
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483:Assassination
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469:Prague Castle
466:
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452:East Frankish
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421:East Frankish
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409:Great Moravia
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356:
351:This section
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309:
305:
302:
298:
294:
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283:, before the
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72:
66:
62:
59:
55:
50:
44:
39:
34:
29:
22:
4285:Gefilte fish
4233:Ponche crema
4068:Melomakarono
3936:
3827:Cyber Monday
3732:
3697:
3666:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3608:Music books
3601:
3439:Nazi Germany
3331:
3327:Secret Santa
3314:
3201:Flying Santa
2922:
2908:Tió de Nadal
2858:Korvatunturi
2709:Annunciation
2675:Christianity
2656:Sol Invictus
2420:Ferdinand II
2351:Jagiellonian
2318:Non-dynastic
2202:Non-dynastic
2165:Wenceslaus I
2114:Sobeslaus II
2093:Vladislaus I
2062:Spytihněv II
2057:Bretislaus I
2027:Boleslaus II
2016:
2012:Vratislaus I
1850:
1826:
1818:
1797:
1792:
1773:
1765:
1754:. Retrieved
1744:
1733:
1708:
1704:
1694:
1677:
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1648:
1644:
1625:
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1577:
1566:
1562:
1544:
1540:
1529:. Retrieved
1519:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1492:. Retrieved
1488:the original
1478:
1467:. Retrieved
1452:
1445:
1422:
1421:(in Latin) (
1418:
1410:
1397:
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1371:
1336:
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1307:
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1213:
1186:
1180:
1169:. Retrieved
1167:. 2014-05-18
1160:
1151:
1140:. Retrieved
1116:. Retrieved
1106:
1095:. Retrieved
1082:
1063:
1054:
999:as Ludmila.
980:
978:
971:
965:
962:
954:
939:
923:Hussite Wars
920:
885:
806:
802:
798:
793:Miloslav Vlk
761:September 28
758:
743:
736:
732:Pope Pius II
729:
723:
721:
713:
704:
678:
640:28 September
527:
520:
511:
505:
494:
461:
445:
406:
403:
380:
371:
360:Please help
355:verification
352:
328:
317:Castle near
312:
285:Great Schism
261:Vratislaus I
258:
238:
223:
219:
215:
191:Wenceslaus I
190:
189:
163:Vratislaus I
123:(aged c. 22)
78:Vratislaus I
36:Wenceslaus I
4375:900s births
4300:Roast goose
4221:Mulled wine
4201:Champurrado
4196:Apple cider
4170:Bread sauce
4123:Szaloncukor
4103:Pumpkin pie
4053:Gingerbread
4007:Smörgåsbord
3648:Other media
3486:Philippines
3476:New Zealand
3359:Twelve Days
3316:Räuchermann
3271:Nutcrackers
3221:Las Posadas
3181:Decorations
3161:Christingle
3101:Zwarte Piet
3096:Snegurochka
3017:Sinterklaas
2967:Santa Claus
2501:Ferdinand V
2415:Matthias II
2400:Ferdinand I
2300:Interregnum
2098:Sobeslaus I
2022:Boleslaus I
2007:Spytihněv I
1845:Vratislav I
1649:Wencesla-us
1434: [
1402: [
1377:Codex Gigas
281:Christendom
241:Czech state
216:Wenceslas I
88:Boleslaus I
74:Predecessor
4380:935 deaths
4364:Categories
4028:Candy cane
3977:Joulupöytä
3877:Pikkujoulu
3541:New Mexico
3390:By country
3364:Wassailing
3305:Poinsettia
3112:Traditions
3064:Mrs. Claus
3044:Belsnickel
2997:Julemanden
2992:Joulupukki
2923:Wenceslaus
2888:North Pole
2853:Jack Frost
2843:Christkind
2798:Neapolitan
2621:Boxing Day
2495:Francis II
2490:Leopold II
2445:Charles II
2410:Rudolph II
2405:Maximilian
2337:Matthias I
2255:Charles IV
2235:Luxembourg
2170:Ottokar II
2083:Bořivoj II
1862:Boleslav I
1770:Ogden Nash
1756:2015-01-30
1583:March 4/17
1531:2013-11-20
1494:2013-11-20
1469:2013-11-20
1463:0812236130
1427:Strachkvas
1171:2022-05-11
1142:2022-05-11
1118:2022-05-11
1097:2022-05-11
1075:References
989:Leo McKern
973:Ogden Nash
935:Charles IV
879:media help
705:rex justus
646:Attributes
533:Veneration
516:Strachkvas
441:Regensburg
374:April 2013
4315:Tourtière
4305:Romeritos
4242:Dumplings
4189:Beverages
4093:Pecan pie
4083:Panettone
4078:Pampushka
4073:Mince pie
4048:Fruitcake
3992:Réveillon
3872:NFL games
3867:NBA games
3862:In August
3832:Economics
3602:Billboard
3456:Indonesia
3399:Australia
3374:Yule goat
3349:Stockings
3283:Ornaments
3012:Père Noël
3007:Olentzero
3002:Noel Baba
2977:Ded Moroz
2933:Yule Lads
2873:Mari Lwyd
2724:Bethlehem
2601:Christmas
2546:from the
2531:from the
2511:Charles I
2485:Joseph II
2435:Leopold I
2425:Frederick
2266:Sigismund
2221:Rudolph I
2160:Ottokar I
2134:Ottokar I
2119:Frederick
2109:Frederick
2002:Bořivoj I
1973:Křesomysl
1921:Legendary
1913:Přemyslid
1725:165576967
1363:164175193
1355:0003-598X
1333:Antiquity
1314:The Mitre
1204:Mershman,
927:Jan Žižka
791:Cardinal
783:In legend
659:Patronage
600:, Bohemia
510:, in his
465:St. Vitus
289:Drahomíra
255:Biography
173:Drahomíra
153:Přemyslid
141:in Prague
128:, Bohemia
84:Successor
4348:Category
4319:meat pie
4310:Stuffing
4264:Varenyky
4133:Yule log
4108:Qurabiya
3982:Julebord
3955:Food and
3882:SantaCon
3847:El Gordo
3734:Yule Log
3506:Scotland
3419:Ethiopia
3404:Colombia
3379:Yule log
3333:Spanbaum
3310:Pyramids
3176:Crackers
3074:Sack Man
2960:folklore
2928:Yule cat
2833:Badalisc
2823:folklore
2734:Epiphany
2540:Antiking
2440:Joseph I
2385:Habsburg
2280:Habsburg
2073:Conrad I
2037:Vladivoj
1983:Hostivít
1953:Nezamysl
1901:Monarchs
1856:921–935
1586:Archived
1549:Archived
1513:op. cit.
1161:Deník.cz
1003:See also
630:, Prague
443:in 921.
433:Bavarian
179:Religion
4254:Pierogi
4249:Hallaca
4154:Borscht
4118:Stollen
4088:Pavlova
4063:Makówki
4043:Cozonac
4012:Wigilia
3897:Scrooge
3857:In July
3755:society
3687:Poetry
3521:Ukraine
3496:Romania
3461:Ireland
3451:Iceland
3446:Hungary
3434:Germany
3424:Finland
3414:England
3409:Denmark
3369:Windows
3300:Piñatas
3288:Parades
3241:Markets
3226:Letters
3216:Hampers
3059:Krampus
2898:Perchta
2838:Caganer
2557:Bavaria
2052:Oldřich
2047:Jaromír
1968:Vnislav
1948:Valasca
1905:Bohemia
1786:1211904
1780:, 1957
1686:4202365
1651:is the
931:Jan Hus
773:4 March
724:Passion
709:monarch
693:England
691:and in
689:Bohemia
668:Bohemia
586:Bohemia
523:Podevin
413:Magyars
293:Havelli
230:Bohemia
108:Bohemia
104:Stochov
4325:Turkey
4259:Tamale
4216:Kissel
4206:Eggnog
4163:Sauces
4149:Menudo
4128:Turrón
4038:Cookie
4021:Sweets
3987:Kūčios
3968:Dinner
3842:Grinch
3753:modern
3720:Tomten
3679:Santa,
3662:novels
3580:Operas
3568:Carols
3536:Hawaii
3516:Sweden
3511:Serbia
3501:Russia
3491:Poland
3481:Norway
3471:Mexico
3429:France
3344:Stamps
3339:Szopka
3231:Lights
3186:Didukh
3022:Others
2972:Befana
2918:Vertep
2781:in art
2749:Joseph
2699:Advent
2332:George
2295:Albert
1978:Neklan
1938:Libuše
1784:
1723:
1684:
1632:
1460:
1415:Mantua
1361:
1353:
1299:
1262:
995:, and
950:Prague
833:Legacy
821:Prague
813:Blaník
809:legend
739:Otto I
681:martyr
664:Prague
622:shrine
620:Major
582:Prague
579:c. 907
570:Martyr
473:Prague
448:Prague
437:Arnulf
319:Beroun
199:Václav
169:Mother
159:Father
133:Burial
101:c. 907
4058:Kutia
3957:drink
3585:Songs
3559:Music
3466:Italy
3322:Seals
3276:dolls
3206:Gifts
3146:Cards
3049:Elves
2913:Turoń
2883:Nisse
2848:Grýla
2744:Jesus
2513:(III)
2452:(II)
2371:Louis
1963:Vojen
1958:Mnata
1928:Czech
1721:S2CID
1682:JSTOR
1438:]
1425:) by
1406:]
1359:S2CID
1046:Notes
901:carol
685:saint
651:Crown
636:Feast
542:Saint
454:king
435:duke
423:king
417:Saxon
334:Reign
315:Tetín
308:Budeč
228:) of
225:kníže
195:Czech
148:House
64:Reign
4280:Carp
4142:Soup
4033:Cake
3944:Xmas
3573:list
3354:Tree
3293:list
2754:Mary
2663:Yule
1933:Krok
1803:IMDb
1782:OCLC
1630:ISBN
1458:ISBN
1392:(in
1388:The
1351:ISSN
1297:ISBN
1260:ISBN
746:hymn
744:The
683:and
611:and
592:Died
576:Born
419:and
114:Died
98:Born
49:Emma
4290:Ham
2820:In
2555:of
2497:(I)
2257:(I)
2105:(I)
2069:(I)
1903:of
1801:at
1713:doi
1341:doi
948:in
940:An
499:in
471:in
467:at
364:by
275:to
218:or
4366::
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3919:("
3751:In
2673:In
1993:c.
1776:,
1772:,
1719:.
1709:52
1707:.
1703:.
1676:.
1672:.
1607:.
1436:cs
1404:cs
1357:.
1349:.
1337:90
1335:.
1331:.
1286:^
1228:^
1195:^
1159:.
1127:^
1090:.
991:,
734:.
670:,
666:,
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479:.
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251:.
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197::
106:,
4321:)
4317:(
3722:"
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3604:)
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2585:t
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1886:t
1879:v
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