1027:
103:(92%) for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Put more simply, the Westermark sign is seldom seen in pulmonary embolism. When visible on a chest X-ray, the Positive Predictive Value is only 33%. That is, 33% of the time that Westermark sign is seen on Chest XRay does a pulmonary embolism actually exist
264:
173:
Worsley D, Alavi A, Aronchick J, Chen J, Greenspan R, Ravin C (1993). "Chest radiographic findings in patients with acute pulmonary embolism: observations from the PIOPED Study".
257:
250:
757:
1068:
626:
231:
750:
468:
632:
72:
651:
1092:
1061:
61:
Essentially, this is a plain X-ray version of a filling defect as seen on computed tomography pulmonary arteriogram.
58:(PE). While the chest x-ray is normal in the majority of PE cases, the Westermark sign is seen in 2% of patients.
1087:
944:
743:
568:
979:
100:
888:
860:
646:
1054:
931:
840:
563:
368:
27:
835:
358:
242:
463:
78:
the collapse of the distal vasculature creating the appearance of a sharp cut off on chest radiography.
528:
494:
405:
333:
208:
921:
412:
687:
499:
478:
473:
458:
298:
277:
273:
96:
69:
55:
1009:
964:
959:
810:
787:
227:
190:
143:
88:
1038:
984:
969:
865:
815:
782:
719:
417:
182:
161:
39:
898:
855:
845:
766:
706:
615:
610:
533:
422:
115:
92:
47:
949:
774:
328:
1081:
989:
954:
906:
820:
724:
580:
186:
1034:
974:
916:
911:
850:
830:
825:
712:
693:
363:
348:
343:
285:
221:
1026:
939:
802:
673:
293:
880:
679:
665:
659:
600:
558:
518:
207:
Gurney J. CT: Diagnosis of
Pulmonary Embolism. chestx-ray.com. Available at:
999:
792:
605:
513:
508:
504:
442:
432:
427:
385:
147:
194:
585:
573:
523:
437:
373:
338:
313:
51:
538:
323:
318:
303:
640:
620:
595:
308:
104:
735:
226:(32 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. 2011-06-09. p. 2080.
590:
400:
134:
Ray J (2003). "Westermark sign and suspected pulmonary embolism".
209:
http://www.chestx-ray.com/Lectures/PulmEmbLecture/PulmEmbolus.pdf
739:
246:
54:(hypovolemia) (leading to collapse of vessel) seen distal to a
91:(a wedge shaped, pleural based consolidation associated with
162:
http://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/rad/cxr/index.html
1042:
998:
930:
897:
879:
801:
773:
551:
487:
451:
393:
384:
284:
26:
21:
1062:
751:
258:
8:
1069:
1055:
758:
744:
736:
390:
265:
251:
243:
18:
223:Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary
64:The sign results from a combination of:
126:
7:
1023:
1021:
917:Fat pad sign/Sail sign of the elbow
160:Introduction to Chest Radiography.
1041:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
1010:Hyperdense middle cerebral artery
211:. Accessed on: November 13, 2006.
1025:
187:10.1148/radiology.189.1.8372182
1:
142:(3): 317, author reply 317.
83:Sensitivity and specificity
50:that represents a focus of
1109:
1020:
87:The Westermark sign, like
569:Precordial catch syndrome
469:Cheyne–Stokes respiration
118:, a Swedish radiologist.
980:Pneumatosis intestinalis
861:Traction bronchiectasis
652:Charcot–Leyden crystals
841:Sail sign of the chest
369:Whispered pectoriloquy
28:Differential diagnosis
836:Peribronchial cuffing
889:Canga's bead symptom
647:Curschmann's spirals
495:Respiratory distress
334:Pleural friction rub
93:pulmonary infarction
68:the dilation of the
922:Osteopathia striata
1093:Medical sign stubs
688:pulmonary embolism
660:chronic bronchitis
500:Respiratory arrest
479:Ataxic respiration
474:Kussmaul breathing
464:Biot's respiration
459:Agonal respiration
355:Elicited findings
299:Respiratory sounds
278:respiratory system
274:Signs and symptoms
114:It is named after
75:to the embolus and
70:pulmonary arteries
56:pulmonary embolism
1050:
1049:
1018:
1017:
965:Hot quadrate sign
811:Air crescent sign
788:Dense artery sign
733:
732:
547:
546:
40:chest radiography
36:
35:
16:Medical condition
1100:
1088:Radiologic signs
1071:
1064:
1057:
1029:
1022:
932:Gastrointestinal
866:Tree-in-bud sign
816:Deep sulcus sign
783:Aortic unfolding
767:Radiologic signs
760:
753:
746:
737:
418:Hyperventilation
391:
276:relating to the
267:
260:
253:
244:
238:
237:
218:
212:
205:
199:
198:
170:
164:
158:
152:
151:
131:
19:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1019:
1014:
994:
926:
899:Musculoskeletal
893:
875:
871:Westermark sign
856:Thumbprint sign
846:Silhouette sign
797:
769:
764:
734:
729:
707:pulmonary edema
699:Westermark sign
616:Post-nasal drip
611:Silhouette sign
543:
534:Mouth breathing
483:
447:
423:Hypoventilation
380:
280:
271:
241:
234:
220:
219:
215:
206:
202:
172:
171:
167:
159:
155:
133:
132:
128:
124:
116:Nils Westermark
112:
99:(11%) and high
85:
44:Westermark sign
22:Westermark sign
17:
12:
11:
5:
1106:
1104:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1030:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1004:
1002:
996:
995:
993:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
960:Hampton's line
957:
952:
950:Endoexoenteric
947:
942:
936:
934:
928:
927:
925:
924:
919:
914:
909:
903:
901:
895:
894:
892:
891:
885:
883:
877:
876:
874:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
807:
805:
799:
798:
796:
795:
790:
785:
779:
777:
775:Cardiovascular
771:
770:
765:
763:
762:
755:
748:
740:
731:
730:
728:
727:
722:
717:
716:
715:
703:
702:
701:
696:
684:
683:
682:
670:
669:
668:
656:
655:
654:
649:
637:
636:
635:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
577:
576:
571:
566:
555:
553:
549:
548:
545:
544:
542:
541:
536:
531:
529:Breath holding
526:
521:
516:
511:
502:
497:
491:
489:
485:
484:
482:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
455:
453:
449:
448:
446:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
409:
408:
397:
395:
388:
382:
381:
379:
378:
377:
376:
371:
366:
361:
353:
352:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
296:
290:
288:
282:
281:
272:
270:
269:
262:
255:
247:
240:
239:
233:978-1455709854
232:
213:
200:
165:
153:
125:
123:
120:
111:
108:
89:Hampton's hump
84:
81:
80:
79:
76:
34:
33:
30:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1105:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1037:article is a
1036:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
997:
991:
990:Sentinel loop
988:
986:
985:Rigler's sign
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
970:Mumoli's sign
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
955:Football sign
953:
951:
948:
946:
945:Double bubble
943:
941:
938:
937:
935:
933:
929:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
907:Crescent sign
905:
904:
902:
900:
896:
890:
887:
886:
884:
882:
878:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
821:Golden S sign
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
808:
806:
804:
800:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
780:
778:
776:
772:
768:
761:
756:
754:
749:
747:
742:
741:
738:
726:
725:Golden S sign
723:
721:
720:Hamman's sign
718:
714:
711:
710:
709:
708:
704:
700:
697:
695:
692:
691:
690:
689:
685:
681:
678:
677:
676:
675:
671:
667:
664:
663:
662:
661:
657:
653:
650:
648:
645:
644:
643:
642:
638:
634:
633:Hoover's sign
631:
630:
629:
628:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
581:Nail clubbing
579:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
561:
560:
557:
556:
554:
550:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
492:
490:
486:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
454:
450:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
407:
404:
403:
402:
399:
398:
396:
392:
389:
387:
383:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
356:
354:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
300:
297:
295:
292:
291:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
268:
263:
261:
256:
254:
249:
248:
245:
235:
229:
225:
224:
217:
214:
210:
204:
201:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
169:
166:
163:
157:
154:
149:
145:
141:
137:
136:Can J Cardiol
130:
127:
121:
119:
117:
109:
107:
105:
102:
98:
95:), has a low
94:
90:
82:
77:
74:
71:
67:
66:
65:
62:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
31:
29:
25:
20:
1043:expanding it
1035:medical sign
1032:
1000:Neurological
975:Omental cake
912:Fabella sign
870:
851:Steeple sign
831:Kerley lines
826:Hampton hump
713:Kerley lines
705:
698:
694:Hampton hump
686:
672:
658:
639:
625:
364:Pectoriloquy
349:Death rattle
344:Bronchophony
286:Auscultation
222:
216:
203:
181:(1): 133–6.
178:
174:
168:
156:
139:
135:
129:
113:
86:
63:
60:
43:
37:
940:Cupola sign
803:Respiratory
674:sarcoidosis
564:In children
406:Prematurity
294:Stethoscope
101:specificity
97:sensitivity
32:hypovolemia
1082:Categories
881:Urogenital
680:Kveim test
666:Reid index
601:Hemoptysis
559:Chest pain
519:Aerophagia
359:Percussion
122:References
793:Halo sign
606:Epistaxis
514:Trepopnea
509:Platypnea
505:Orthopnea
443:Bradypnea
433:Tachypnea
428:Hyperpnea
386:Breathing
175:Radiology
110:Etymology
586:Cyanosis
574:Pleurisy
524:Asphyxia
438:Hypopnea
374:Egophony
339:Fremitus
314:Crackles
148:12680403
73:proximal
52:oligemia
539:Snoring
452:Pattern
413:Dyspnea
324:Stertor
319:Rhonchi
304:Stridor
195:8372182
641:asthma
621:Hiccup
596:Sputum
329:Squawk
309:Wheeze
230:
193:
146:
42:, the
1033:This
591:Cough
552:Other
488:Other
401:Apnea
46:is a
1039:stub
627:COPD
394:Rate
228:ISBN
191:PMID
144:PMID
48:sign
183:doi
179:189
38:In
1084::
189:.
177:.
140:19
138:.
106:.
1070:e
1063:t
1056:v
1045:.
759:e
752:t
745:v
507:/
266:e
259:t
252:v
236:.
197:.
185::
150:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.