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this impact in each of the June and
September quarters of 2008. This translates to approximately a 0.5 percentage point reduction in estimated GSP growth in 2007-08, from 7.5% at budget-time to 7.0%." The report refers to the Reserve Bank's modelling of the national impact of the crisis, "that the disruption is expected to result in a temporary reduction in national GDP growth of around 0.25 percentage point, spread across the June and September quarters... as national GDP is around a trillion dollars, a 0.25 percentage point represents about $ 2½ billion, so the Reserve Bank estimate is broadly consistent with that of the Western Australian Treasury."
297:, a political analyst, said Carpenter's address shows that the situation is serious: "Probably in terms of the total amount of gas and electricity being used, the community is a relatively small player...But politically, it is so important that they share the burden and that they be aware of the fact that they should be sharing the burden." Opposition Leader Buswell called for daily publication of a gas supply allocation for businesses. After Carpenter's address, power consumption fell 2% the next morning, on the coldest day since September 2007. Carpenter said, "The saved consumption was very, very significant, enough to power the city of
714:'s plans for coping with decreased gas supplies were leaked to the media at the end of June, which showed a 30% reduction in gas would cause phase 1, changing linen "only when soiled" and having "one towel per patient". Phase 2, a further 20% decrease, would result in "reductions in elective surgical procedures", "prioritisation of equipment for sterilisation", sourcing oxygen supplies from interstate and restricting patients' showers to "four minutes, second daily". Further reductions could lead to cancellations in elective surgery, rationing food and transporting "infectious linen" interstate for laundering.
340:"This is a serious matter for Western Australia therefore it is a serious matter for all Australians... We believe that is an appropriate level of coordination between the two governments... I think people in the east have not quite caught up with the severity of the impact which this is having across the WA economy. It is huge... If there is a significant impact on WA economic activity and growth and on exports from that state, given the significance to the overall Australian economy, there will be wash through from us all on this over time." – Rudd, 18 June 2008
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available for questioning by NOPSA. The investigators' efforts were also hampered by Apache's delays in releasing the results of laboratory analysis of pipeline materials related to the incident. Apache produced a comprehensive "corporate response" to a set of written questions provided by NOPSA, seven weeks after receiving the request. The report notes that "these matters directly impacted on the ability of the investigation team to develop its findings within the agreed time period and resulted in aspects of some lines of inquiry not being fully settled".
290:"Gas is not only a direct fuel source for industry, we use it in our homes and it's used to generate a large proportion of our electricity. While the State Government has the power to guarantee gas supplies to essential services and households, some industries and business have been hit hard. A number of them are being forced to scale back operations and others have temporarily closed.... We need your help. By continuing to work together we can lessen the impact of the gas shortage on our state, on our businesses and our families." – Carpenter, 17 June 2008
458:, and others are expected to make large insurance claims. If Apache Energy was found responsible for the pipeline explosion, compensation claims could be made against the company. State Premier Alan Carpenter said the Government will not offer compensation to businesses affected by the energy shortage, because "I don't think that the ordinary West Australian taxpayer would take too kindly to the State Government taking on a massive compensation bill for an interruption to a supply contract between commercial partners".
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completely shut down. Up to 15% of companies surveyed could potentially close after three months of energy shortages. Chief
Economist John Nicolaou said "To the extent that WA represents about 20 percent of the growth in the national economy over the past year, then that means it is going to have broader implications for the national economy. So it's important people around Australia understand the issue is significant from a national perspective, not just WA's perspective."
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353:". Opposition Leader Troy Buswell said, "This is arrogance and hypocrisy of the highest order... They should be substituting gas for diesel, given the fact their plants can run on diesel. Gas could be re-directed to businesses which don't have choice about using gas or diesel." The State Government had also delayed approval of a new gas processing plant for Apache Energy by over six months, only allowing Apache to proceed after the gas crisis commenced and worsened.
376:, called for a national audit of all gas pipelines, and highlighted the vulnerability of the single pipeline that carries WA's gas from the North West Shelf. Macfarlane said, "At the very least this event comes as a wake-up call for the construction of a second pipeline from the North West shelf to supply gas to industry especially in the south-western part of Western Australia." Professor Dong-ke Zhang, Director of the Centre for Petroleum, Fuels and Energy at the
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Richard Gibbs said, "WA supplies the lion's share of the gas exports. The effect on exports is that as there is a shortage of gas in the system, the capability to export will be diminished because the gas that there is will be directed towards domestic use... The gas exports have been pretty healthy. In the next couple of quarters that will be moderated dramatically if not stalled altogether. I think this will have an impact on the broader commodities side and the
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88:, and the government requested that businesses and householders conserve energy usage. An emergency coordination committee of government and industry representatives rationed and redirected remaining gas supply sources. When many large gas users switched to diesel for power generation, the risk of a shortfall in transport fuel led to the federal government authorising the release of emergency fuel reserves stored at the
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later that day, with 13 staff staying on the island to monitor the situation. Chief
Executive Officer G. Steven Farris said, "Our priorities are the safety of our personnel, securing the facilities, assuring that the environmental impact is limited to the island and resuming throughput of oil and gas production...No-one was injured, all personnel are safe, and the rupture and fire appear to be contained on the island."
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586:, declared force majeure as a precaution on 11 June. A spokesperson said, "We are continuing production, which is down a bit, and we are fuelling our energy needs with diesel supply... we have enough diesel to last us for weeks, but not months". Alcoa's United States parent company said it expects the company's second-quarter earnings to be reduced by $ 12–17 million due to the extra cost of gas and diesel.
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particularly as the incident occurred in winter." The
Committee said it received submissions that the campaign to reduce household gas consumption "was misplaced as (households) only directly account for around three to five per cent of overall gas consumption." However, the Committee concluded that the campaign was appropriate under the circumstances.
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possible but it will be at least several months before we have partial sales." He estimated it would be at least three months until the plant was at least partially operational, when the less-damaged processing plants for John
Brookes and East Spar are brought back online. The John Brookes and East Spar plants produce 150-200
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report by 13 November 2008. The
Committee tabled its 84-page report on 3 December 2008, listing six key recommendations to minimise the impacts and risks of future supply disruption, including developing a comprehensive energy security plan, and changing the methods of allocating remaining supplies during a major disruption.
283:, announced Carpenter on 12 June. He said this "will save around about five to six terajoules of energy a day which can be redirected to where it's needed...The decision will not jeopardise water supplies. We are able to switch the desalination plant back on to full production within a few hours ... four to five hours."
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and
Industry (CCI) released its quarterly report on 10 July, which said, "The gas crisis has already cost the Western Australian economy in the vicinity of $ 2.4 billion... With gas supply expected to be restricted until December 2008, CCI estimates the overall cost to be around $ 6.7 billion".
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from night to day, they would "probably lose half a million dollars in turnover and our customers would drop by 70 percent. Clearly this would cause major damage to us financially because our business is set up to race at night time. However if we are using energy that is affecting emergency services
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continued to use hundreds of terajoules of gas each week, despite having access to diesel fuel. A spokesperson said the company had not been instructed to cut back its gas usage, and there was "no intention to use very expensive diesel instead of gas, especially when supplies and deliveries of diesel
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On 23 December 2008, the State
Government formally announced a joint inquiry (funded by the Commonwealth) into the Varanus Island gas disaster. To be set up as a 2-person expert panel inquiry and expected to conclude by April 2009, it will "focus on the effectiveness of the regulatory system and the
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impact of the gas crisis, the
Committee relied heavily upon State Treasury forecasts provided during its inquiry, including that "the June 2008 disruption in gas supplies... is expected to cost the Western Australian economy around $ 2 billion in Gross State Product (GSP) terms, with roughly half of
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A section of the report titled "Impediments to the
Investigation" refers to the investigation team's frustrated attempts to interview staff of Apache Energy in relation to pipeline inspection, monitoring, and the company's maintenance and repair regime. The company declined to make its key personnel
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of the external surface of the pipe "resulting in excessive stresses of the pipe wall". The report provides the likely sequence of events following the initial rupture, including the failures of other pipelines located near the 12" Sales Gas line, contributing to the intensity of the fire and damage
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offered help to personal customers affected by the gas crisis, by allowing customers to defer home loan repayments for up to three months and restructure loans at no fee, increasing credit card limits and speeding up insurance assessments. Other banks and credit-lenders offered similar assistance to
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said, "In the long term, the disruption is estimated to reduce WA's economic value by $ 1.8 billion between 2007-08 and 2011-12... this $ 1.8 billion figure (estimated at 2008–09 values), only equates to 0.2 percent of the economy over the same five-year period." The WA Chamber of Commerce
139:, and five gas plants. Condensate, water and other impurities are removed from the gas arriving from the offshore platforms connected to the island. Most of the carbon dioxide is removed so the gas can meet the specifications of the onshore pipelines and end users. Gas from the plant is sent via two
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would be returned to service to supply 25 terajoules to industry. He estimated it would take up to six weeks before the plant was operational, and said, "These units are old and not as environmentally friendly as new generators. However, the state is facing a significant gas shortage and we need to
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The incident raised significant public and political issues related to energy security, adequacy of existing infrastructure, contingency planning, and the role of regulatory agencies. The plant took three months to repair, although partial supplies were restored within six weeks of the explosion. A
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In a state heavily reliant on continuous supply of gas for industrial processing, manufacturing, residential use and electricity generation, the sudden loss of almost 35% of gas supply had immediate social impacts, and significant short and long-term economic effects. Many businesses were forced to
856:, the original inquiry focussed solely on the cause of the explosion, rather than considering surrounding issues. The Premier said that any recommendations arising from the report would ultimately be referred to the Ministerial Council on Mineral and Petroleum Resources (MCMPR) for implementation.
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referred a number of matters relating to the gas crisis to its Standing Committee on Economics. The inquiry focussed on the economic impact of the crisis (losses faced by business and industry; relevance of contractual arrangements) and government responses (crisis management; emergency measures;
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met on 16 June to discuss energy-saving ideas. The WA Property Council said "Non essential power including decorative lighting in shopping centres will be switched off. We'll also be looking at chillers and heating systems to ensure they use less power. At the moment we are in winter mode and they
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A statement released by Apache Energy on 13 June 2008 said the company had sourced pipe and valves needed to repair the pipeline. Apache said it was increasing the number of staff on the island conducting integrity checks, with over 140 staff expected on site the following week. On 18 June, Apache
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At 1:40pm on Tuesday 3 June 2008, an export gas pipeline ruptured near the gas plant, causing a fire in a large section of the plant. No one was injured and all employees on the island were moved to a safety point within 20 minutes of the explosion. One hundred and fifty-three staff were evacuated
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In assessing the state government's response to the crisis, the report recommended that the newly elected state government honour the Carpenter government's pledge on 6 August 2008 to develop an energy security plan. The plan should include possible contingency options, but warned any contingency
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and Canberra were held during October. Written submissions to the inquiry included claims of unfair allocations of gas, inadequate communication of important information during the crisis, and the scale of the impact on individual businesses and industries. The committee was initially expected to
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According to the report, the plant was operating normally up until the incident. The immediate cause was the rupture of the 12" Sales Gas Pipeline at the NNE beach crossing, and that "the gas released from the ruptured pipeline ignited very soon after the rupture". The rupture of the pipeline was
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growth by 0.25 percentage points in the third quarter, as gas prices increased and the percentage of gas production allocated to export reduced. Natural gas sales were worth $ 5.2 billion in the 2006/2007 financial year, and its five-year trend growth rate is 16.8%. Chief Macquarie economist
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government's lack of a contingency gas supply plan, despite two previous supply disruptions in 2006 and early 2008. The government "ignored these precedents, as well as industry advice, to develop an appropriate contingency response plan to deal with such a crisis and accordingly deserves strong
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A survey of 301 businesses conducted by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry showed on 18 June 2008 that nearly 630 employees had already been, or could be, stood down or made redundant - nearly 1% of the workforce surveyed. Almost 50% were affected by the gas shortage, with 11 companies already
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Premier Carpenter held a meeting on Sunday 8 June with key stakeholders in WA's gas industry and announced that gas would be sourced from alternative suppliers, and a coal-fired power station, which was shut down for maintenance, would be brought back online. He also asked domestic users to save
103:(NOPSA), with separate investigations conducted by the plant operator and several other government agencies. NOPSA's report was published on 10 October 2008, and confirmed early suggestions that the explosion was caused by structural failure of the export pipeline due to significant corrosion. A
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While household gas supplies were largely unaffected, some businesses faced higher energy prices, most notably in the manufacturing and mining sectors. The supply disruption was partially mitigated by the availability of alternative fuel sources such as diesel (for power generation), additional
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The explosion and resulting fire caused a full plant shutdown, reducing Western Australia's supply of energy by up to 35%. Apache's managing director, Tim Wall, said, "It's pretty easy to say there is a lot of damage here and we are looking at alternatives to try to get gas to market as soon as
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The inquiry examined the mechanisms and emergency supply protocols established by the WA government to mitigate the effects of the crisis. According to the committee, the protocols were appropriate, and the residential supply "was crucial to ensure that negative health impacts were minimised,
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spokesperson Ken Brown said the plant will provide "very minimal megawatts because it has been out for many months, not just for pure maintenance, it's had a complete overhaul of the machine and the control, and it's going to take quite a while to commission that, but by next week it will be
364:'s chair of Petroleum Engineering and chair of the Woodside Research Foundation, who said the Government should have stored enough gas in underground reservoirs to power the state for at least one month, to mitigate a potential crisis. Amin said gas could be stored in parts of the
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and valves and fittings from the United Kingdom were expected to arrive in early July. Gas supply from the plant partially resumed in late August. By mid-October, gas production was running at two-thirds of normal capacity, with 85% of full output restored by December 2008.
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increased production of natural gas to meet Apache Energy's shortfall. Apache's managing director Tim Wall said it was a small quantity of relief; Premier Carpenter said Woodside was providing an extra 50 terajoules of gas per day for the domestic energy grid.
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said this was unnecessary because the National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority was investigating and it could compromise their inquiry. Carpenter said their investigation will take 10–12 weeks to complete and its findings will be released to the public.
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option that would be of sufficient scope to mitigate significantly the impact of a gas shortage on the scale of that experience after the Varanus Island incident would be very expensive and could present significant technical and environmental challenges."
631:, said, "At this stage, our best estimate is that the pre-tax impact on group profit will be up to $ 20 million per month at the current level of gas supply. A portion of that loss is expected to be recovered from insurance". The subsidiaries affected are
635:, which can no longer produce ammonium nitrate, Wesfarmers LPG, which has delayed commissioning of a new liquid natural gas plant in WA, and Premier Coal, whose sales have been reduced due to the closure of some of its customers, such as Iluka Resources.
620:, and the secretary Dave Robinson said mining, timber, beef, pork, laundries and transport industries workers were worst affected. Supplies of gas and electricity to residential customers are protected by state government legislation introduced in 2006.
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criticism". The government's communication with industry and customers was "sporadic at best", and it should have declared a state of emergency to control gas distribution, rather than leaving distribution to market forces and a bulletin board system.
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closed for maintenance before the explosion, was reactivated on 8 July. The 110 megawatt station operated at 60% capacity for the first few days before running at full capacity. Kwinana Unit 1 is expected to free up to five terajoules of gas daily.
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Modelling undertaken by the WA Department of Treasury and Finance estimated that the gas crisis would affect Western Australia's exports of chemicals, metal products, textiles, clothing, footwear and rubber and plastic products. Treasurer
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of gas daily, compared to 370 terajoules when all plants, including the significantly damaged Harriet plant, were fully operational. Approximately 80-90% of the island's gas is used by industrial customers, with small amounts provided to
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On 23 June 2008, Apache Energy released a statement that said limited production of 200 terajoules of gas from the East Spar Joint Venture would start by 15 August, with full production expected by December. Also on 23 June, the
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and major repairs were carried out. Gas supply from the plant partially resumed in late August. By mid-October, gas production was running at two-thirds of normal capacity, with 85% of full output restored by December 2008.
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The report identified that Apache and its co-licensees may have committed offences under the Petroleum Pipelines Act and associated regulations, and that there may have been non-compliance with pipeline license conditions.
765:(NOPSA) handed down its report into the causes of the incident on 10 October 2008. Numbered copies of the 92-page report were made available to members of the public upon request to the Department of Mines and Petroleum.
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526:, the world's third-largest mining company, said the company was prioritising its power usage and using diesel and other alternative fuels for its mines, shipping terminals and railways. The world's third-biggest
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The Reserve Bank reported in September that "the disruption is expected to result in a temporary reduction in national GDP growth of around 0.25%, with the impact spread across the June and September quarters".
514:, said it was assessing the gas shortage's impact, but its iron ore mines at Mount Newman and Nickel West were running normally. On 13 June, BHP Billiton brought forward the closure of its nickel smelter in
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was supplying six megalitres of diesel fuel to WA, and the Federal Government would consider invoking the Liquid Fuel Emergency Act if necessary, enabling federal Minister for Resources and Energy,
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The gas plant is licensed under the WA Petroleum Pipelines Act 1969. Safety and health regulation under this Act is the responsibility of the Department of Mines and Petroleum (DMP), which engaged
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producers Midland Brick and Austral closed their kilns within the first week after the blast, and on 11 June, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry warned that 14% of local businesses could close.
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729:, whilst the shortage also threatened WA's wineries, who use carbon dioxide for bottling. BOC gave priority to the health industry, which uses carbon dioxide to sterilise equipment and in
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said, "Effectively the amount of energy used to light a game at night is less than what would be used if those thousands of people were at home with lights and other services operating".
380:, said, "I would have thought it was quite silly for a very advanced state like WA that we are not able to cope with an incident like this by not having the ability to divert gas from an
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Committee inquiry was established to investigate the economic impacts and the state government's response to the crisis. The committee's report was handed down on 3 December 2008.
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The explosion was investigated separately by Apache Energy, the National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority (NOPSA) and other agencies. The WA State Opposition called for a
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Energy said it had commenced demolition and restoration of the damaged pipeline and expected this to be finished by the end of the following week. The pipe was already in
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told Federal Parliament that Premier Carpenter had established a Gas Supply Coordination Group, involving government agencies and industry representatives. Rudd said the
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Overall, the gas shortage had a large impact on Western Australian industries, particularly mining, construction, and hospitality. Some affected companies declared
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On 11 June, Carpenter warned he might need to invoke emergency powers and take control of all of WA's gas and electricity supplies, which would result in rolling
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as it helped perform safety inspections on the island, and therefore "are conducting an investigation which will in part be an investigation into themselves".
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to invest in the infrastructure and give the incentives for the industry to come to the party because they get much bigger margins by selling LNG overseas."
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Western Australian-based mining companies could have potentially lost hundreds of millions of dollars, because the state is the world's largest producer of
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plant to the domestic pipeline. At a policy level, the infrastructure needs to be longer term and the Government should encourage major players like
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alternative energy sources). Written submissions were made by numerous business and industry bodies, and six days of public hearings in Perth,
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661:, the electricity used by the oval's lights for four hours of operation could power more than 1,300 homes, but a spokesperson from the
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regulators for upstream petroleum operations and recommend improvements to the existing system." According to the new WA Premier,
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tabled in parliament the Bills-Agostini Report, and further public comment has come from lawyers representing Apache in response.
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are running to heat the buildings so we will have to lower them, while main buildings will look at switching off non essential
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Final Report of the Findings of the Investigation into the Pipe Rupture and Fire Incident at Varanus Island on 3 June 2008
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ineffective inspection and monitoring by Apache Energy of the beach crossing and shallow water section of the pipeline.
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producer, used standby diesel power at its Golden Grove mine until 6 June, when they obtained an alternative source.
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producer, shut down its Western Australian operations on 5 June and said it was awaiting advice from power supplier
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On 17 June, two weeks after the explosion, Carpenter made an unprecedented public address on television and radio.
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supplies of gas from the North West Shelf plant, and the return to service of coal-fired power generation units.
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producing some significant coal megawatts and that's really good." Kwinana Unit 1, a power station located at
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to the gas plant. According to evidence available to NOPSA, the main causal factors in the incident were:
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pipelines to the mainland, where the pipelines connect to the Goldfields Gas Pipeline and the
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627:' subsidiaries caused a slump in the company's share prices. Wesfarmers managing director,
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The construction and hospitality industries were strongly affected by the energy shortage.
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1675:"Standing Committee on Economics: Matters relating to the gas explosion at Varanus Island"
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ineffective anti-corrosion coating at the beach crossing section of the sales gas pipeline
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should be moved from night to daytime, to avoid using the oval's lights. According to
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On 24 May 2012, the Western Australian government's minister for Mines and Petroleum
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The WA Government's July 2008 projection of how the energy shortfall would be filled
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of the wet-dry transition zone of the beach crossing section of the pipeline, and
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are stretched and Verve Energy continues to receive its supplies of gas from the
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energy where possible, as the saved energy could be used by industries in need.
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2354:. Department of Mines and Petroleum (WA). 11 October 2008. Archived from
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The document contained a 15-page dissenting report written by the five
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chief executive, Rob Bovell, said if they were forced to move races at
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On 21 June, it was revealed that the state-owned electricity generator
2408:"Inquiry into matters relating to the gas explosion at Varanus Island"
902:. Department of Mines and Petroleum (Western Australia). 21 April 2008
534:, said it was "investigating alternative gas and energy sources", and
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927:. Department of Mines and Petroleum (Western Australia). 1 April 2008
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2558:. Government of Western Australia. 23 December 2008. Archived from
1591:
Peter Klinger, Kate Campbell and Yasmine Phillips (17 June 2008).
676:
605:
575:
441:
408:
303:
214:
114:
31:
2699:
2644:"Apache 'should have known gas blast risk' - The West Australian"
722:
632:
551:
527:
503:
131:
and gas gathering infrastructure belonging to several petroleum
2730:
2714:
838:
members of the Committee. This report directly criticised the
511:
2529:. Parliament of Australia. 15 September 2008. Archived from
2497:. Parliament of Australia. 15 September 2008. Archived from
2465:. Parliament of Australia. 15 September 2008. Archived from
2410:. Parliament of Australia. 24 September 2008. Archived from
2524:"Written submission by WA Chamber of Commerce and Industry"
27:
Major disruption to natural gas supply in Western Australia
1677:. Parliament of Australia. 3 December 2008. Archived from
2436:. Parliament of Australia. 1 October 2008. Archived from
1279:
George Megalogenis and Sarah-Jane Tasker (12 June 2008).
518:
by four months, which increased its gas supplies for its
119:
Location of Varanus Island and related gas infrastructure
275:
to four megawatts a day at the State Government's water
80:
curtail or cease operations, resulting in workers being
36:
Location of facilities related to the 2008 WA gas crisis
2294:"Cold offices and no tap beer as gas crisis takes toll"
2129:"Workers affected by gas crisis need more help: unions"
2041:"West Australia gas supply may be reduced for 2 months"
1172:"Opposition calls for Royal Commission into gas crisis"
2065:
Sarah-Jane Tasker and Elizabeth Gosch (13 June 2008).
332:, to control production, transfer and stock levels of
2492:"Written submission by Australian Hotels Association"
2162:"West Australian gas crisis hits Wesfarmers earnings"
1555:"Gas pipeline audit urged to prevent WA-style crisis"
562:, switched to its limited stockpile of diesel fuel.
468:
economists estimated the energy crisis could reduce
3210:
3189:
3143:
3085:
3039:
2998:
2950:
2872:
2826:
2810:
2764:
1859:
1857:
1231:"Carpenter announces action plan for WA gas crisis"
1024:"WA gas supply cut 30pc by blast at Varanus Island"
733:. The state's other major carbon dioxide supplier,
600:
Other industries, businesses and domestic customers
1385:"Gas crisis costing hundreds of millions: Chamber"
638:There was speculation in the media on whether the
59:and subsequent explosion at a processing plant on
2292:Kim Macdonald and Cathy Saunders (14 June 2008).
2193:Aleisha Preedy and Jayne Rickard (19 June 2008).
1765:"Power station brought back during WA gas crisis"
922:"Petroleum Explorer's Guide to Western Australia"
2646:. Au.news.yahoo.com. 24 May 2012. Archived from
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2195:"Eagles Saturday night game likely to go ahead"
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1274:
2402:
2400:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
976:"NOPSA's Role in Providing Regulatory Support"
154:(NOPSA) to provide inspections and reporting.
2742:
1346:"Carpenter pleads with WA to lay off the gas"
67:coast on 3 June 2008. The plant, operated by
8:
2702:National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority
2391:National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1454:"Gas crisis serious for all Australians: PM"
983:National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority
949:. Apache Energy. 4 June 2008. Archived from
763:National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority
176:, the state's largest electricity retailer.
152:National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority
101:National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority
2582:"Apache-should-have-seen-it-coming-varanus"
1967:"Gas crisis wipes $ 1.8bn off WA's economy"
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1133:
1131:
1129:
2749:
2735:
2727:
2067:"WA gas crisis forces BHP to shut smelter"
1926:
1924:
1922:
1865:"Domestic Economic Conditions August 2008"
1586:
1584:
1582:
1447:
1445:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1053:
1051:
761:Following a four-month investigation, the
271:Power consumption will be reduced from 22
2188:
2186:
2184:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1197:
1195:
1100:"Explosion impairs Apache gas production"
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
2228:"Shopping leaders hold gas crisis talks"
1830:"Gas crisis starting to ease: Carpenter"
1549:
1547:
1520:"Power stations burning gas, not diesel"
1422:"WA gas crisis to hit rest of Australia"
1139:"Gas blast threatens WA mine operations"
721:reduced its supply of carbon dioxide to
550:, soon to be the world's second-largest
99:major investigation was launched by the
2039:Macdonald-Smith, Angela (6 June 2008).
1895:"No compo for gas consumers: Carpenter"
1632:"Apache confident of gas plant repairs"
1281:"WA gas crisis poses threat to economy"
1166:
1164:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
888:
667:Western Australian Trotting Association
145:Dampier to Bunbury Natural Gas Pipeline
2670:"Minister hits back at Apaches claims"
2607:"Australian news - national headlines"
3333:Economic history of Western Australia
2609:. News.ninemsn.com.au. Archived from
2460:"Written submission by Prime Laundry"
2102:"Blast disrupts gas supply to miners"
1701:"Varanus Island production increases"
1482:"Rudd warns of WA gas crisis fallout"
612:said thousands of workers were being
7:
3285:
2717:Office of Energy (Western Australia)
580:bauxite mines and alumina refineries
502:and one of the largest producers of
1871:. 23 September 2008. Archived from
1798:"Kwinana power station back online"
1480:Nicholson, Brendan (19 June 2008).
1313:"WA gas crisis affects desal plant"
558:, a gold mining company located at
2327:"Westpac offers gas crisis relief"
2259:Lampathakis, Paul (28 June 2008).
2100:Williams, Felicity (5 June 2008).
2007:from the original on 2 August 2008
1969:. WA Business News. 24 July 2008.
1733:"WA gas crisis to last six months"
1709:. 12 December 2008. Archived from
1593:"Households warned to cut heating"
25:
2709:Department of Mines and Petroleum
2141:from the original on 19 June 2008
1973:from the original on 28 July 2008
1947:from the original on 22 June 2008
1907:from the original on 10 June 2008
1842:from the original on 11 July 2008
1567:from the original on 18 June 2008
1358:from the original on 18 June 2008
3313:Natural gas in Western Australia
3284:
3273:
3272:
2706:Varanus Island Pipeline Incident
2694:Varanus Island Pipeline Incident
2226:Preedy, Aleisha (16 June 2008).
2160:Lekakis, George (26 June 2008).
1073:from the original on 4 June 2008
1022:Gosch, Elizabeth (7 June 2008).
847:Joint Commonwealth-State inquiry
757:Technical investigation by NOPSA
424:power station came back online.
255:. The state's Energy Minister,
2325:Sonti, Chalpat (19 June 2008).
1931:Murdoch, Scott (19 June 2008).
566:also switched to diesel power.
378:University of Western Australia
360:was criticised by Robert Amin,
356:The lack of a State Government
263:AB coal-fired power station at
3021:Australian Securities Exchange
1796:Rickard, Jayne (8 July 2008).
1518:Spagnolo, Joe (21 June 2008).
1452:Rodgers, Emma (18 June 2008).
1393:. 18 June 2008. Archived from
674:we will close down tomorrow."
1:
2261:"Hospitals hit by gas crisis"
1933:"WA gas woes to slow economy"
1110:. 7 June 2008. Archived from
1059:"Fire ruptures WA gas supply"
985:. 3 July 2008. Archived from
522:refinery. A spokesperson for
52:, caused by the rupture of a
42:Western Australian gas crisis
18:Western Australian gas crisis
3260:Australia–United Kingdom FTA
2864:Australian Capital Territory
897:"WA Oil and Gas Review 2008"
623:The impact of the crisis on
3235:Australia–United States FTA
3125:National Electricity Market
2434:"Inquiry - Public Hearings"
1203:"Gas probe flawed: Buswell"
687:Fifty representatives from
3349:
3328:Energy crises in Australia
2980:Minerals Resource Rent Tax
1993:"WA faces $ 6.7b gas bill"
259:, said the decommissioned
44:was a major disruption to
3268:
3250:Trans-Pacific Partnership
3230:Australia–New Zealand FTA
3176:Social class in Australia
2985:Passenger Movement Charge
2715:Energy Update Information
2586:The Sydney Morning Herald
2352:"Varanus Island Incident"
2001:The Sydney Morning Herald
1869:Reserve Bank of Australia
1637:The Sydney Morning Herald
1430:. Melbourne. 18 June 2008
1318:The Sydney Morning Herald
1147:The Sydney Morning Herald
73:engineering investigation
3318:2008 in economic history
3110:Energy efficiency rating
2965:Goods & Services Tax
2632:Optus Zoo Closure Notice
717:Industrial gas provider
593:North West Shelf Venture
204:, said that NOPSA had a
3255:Indonesia–Australia FTA
805:On 28 August 2008, the
649:on 21 June between the
336:and other liquid fuel.
198:State Opposition Leader
2802:Snowy Mountains Scheme
2777:Banking crisis of 1893
947:"Apache WA Operations"
684:
470:gross domestic product
447:
416:
368:depleted of gas, like
342:
314:
292:
268:look at all avenues".
225:
120:
37:
680:
655:Geelong Football Club
445:
412:
396:Restoration of supply
338:
326:Royal Australian Navy
307:
288:
250:Acting Prime Minister
242:Department of Defence
218:
118:
35:
3166:Poverty in Australia
2758:Economy of Australia
2440:on 25 September 2009
2414:on 25 September 2009
1681:on 25 September 2009
1036:on 23 September 2009
712:Royal Perth Hospital
590:Woodside Petroleum's
206:conflict of interest
3245:Japan–Australia FTA
3240:China–Australia FTA
3225:Australia–Korea FTA
3220:Australia–Chile FTA
3181:Wealth in Australia
3161:Income in Australia
3144:Economic conditions
3040:Regulatory agencies
2999:Banking and Finance
2787:Four pillars policy
2711:(Western Australia)
2299:The West Australian
2233:The West Australian
2200:The West Australian
1803:The West Australian
1706:The West Australian
1598:The West Australian
1532:on 30 December 2012
1390:The West Australian
860:2012 report release
783:cathodic protection
3067:Corporations power
3016:Official cash rate
2920:Telecommunications
2536:on 27 October 2009
2504:on 27 October 2009
2472:on 27 October 2009
2393:. 10 October 2008.
2358:on 24 January 2016
1713:on 18 January 2009
752:Official inquiries
704:tallest building,
685:
572:Murrin Murrin Mine
448:
417:
414:Muja Power Station
315:
277:desalination plant
226:
180:Political response
121:
84:or forced to take
63:, off the state's
38:
3323:2008 in Australia
3300:
3299:
3120:Green electricity
2849:Western Australia
2818:Australian dollar
1875:on 5 October 2008
748:their customers.
651:West Coast Eagles
578:, which operates
362:Curtin University
50:Western Australia
16:(Redirected from
3340:
3288:
3287:
3276:
3275:
3212:Trade agreements
3115:Geothermal power
3011:Financial system
2792:Great Depression
2782:Economic history
2772:Australian pound
2751:
2744:
2737:
2728:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2640:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2535:
2528:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2503:
2496:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2471:
2464:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2404:
2395:
2394:
2383:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2302:. Archived from
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2269:. Archived from
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2240:on 6 August 2008
2236:. Archived from
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2203:. Archived from
2190:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2137:. 16 June 2008.
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2077:. Archived from
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2036:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2003:. 10 July 2008.
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1928:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1806:. Archived from
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1671:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1628:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1605:on 6 August 2008
1601:. Archived from
1588:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1563:. 17 June 2008.
1551:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1528:. Archived from
1515:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1449:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1418:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1381:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1354:. 18 June 2008.
1342:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1289:. Archived from
1276:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1199:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1168:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1135:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1096:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1055:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1032:. Archived from
1019:
1002:
1001:
999:
997:
991:
980:
972:
966:
965:
963:
961:
955:
943:
937:
936:
934:
932:
926:
918:
912:
911:
909:
907:
901:
893:
818:In terms of the
689:shopping centres
663:Office of Energy
616:or made to take
568:Minara Resources
358:contingency plan
351:North West Shelf
186:Royal Commission
21:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3264:
3206:
3202:Labour movement
3185:
3171:Property bubble
3151:Government debt
3139:
3081:
3035:
3025:S&P/ASX 200
2994:
2946:
2868:
2854:South Australia
2834:New South Wales
2827:State economies
2822:
2806:
2760:
2755:
2690:
2685:
2675:
2673:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2653:
2651:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2626:
2616:
2614:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2562:on 27 June 2009
2554:
2553:
2549:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2443:
2441:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2417:
2415:
2406:
2405:
2398:
2385:
2384:
2371:
2361:
2359:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2335:
2333:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2306:on 14 June 2008
2291:
2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2273:on 29 June 2008
2258:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2207:on 20 June 2008
2192:
2191:
2182:
2172:
2170:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2112:
2110:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2081:on 17 June 2008
2064:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2047:
2038:
2037:
2020:
2010:
2008:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1930:
1929:
1920:
1910:
1908:
1903:. 7 June 2008.
1893:
1892:
1888:
1878:
1876:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1845:
1843:
1838:. 8 July 2008.
1828:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1810:on 24 July 2008
1795:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1748:
1746:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1716:
1714:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1653:
1643:
1641:
1630:
1629:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1590:
1589:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1535:
1533:
1517:
1516:
1503:
1493:
1491:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1420:
1419:
1410:
1400:
1398:
1397:on 18 June 2008
1383:
1382:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1344:
1343:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1293:on 17 June 2008
1278:
1277:
1252:
1242:
1240:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1201:
1200:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1137:
1136:
1127:
1117:
1115:
1114:on 11 June 2008
1098:
1097:
1086:
1076:
1074:
1069:. 4 June 2008.
1057:
1056:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1021:
1020:
1005:
995:
993:
992:on 19 July 2008
989:
978:
974:
973:
969:
959:
957:
953:
945:
944:
940:
930:
928:
924:
920:
919:
915:
905:
903:
899:
895:
894:
890:
886:
874:
862:
849:
803:
759:
754:
671:Gloucester Park
602:
536:Iluka Resources
520:Worsley Alumina
496:
494:Mining industry
466:Macquarie Group
440:
398:
330:Martin Ferguson
182:
160:
113:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3346:
3344:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3305:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3282:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3216:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3156:Home ownership
3153:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3100:Carbon pricing
3097:
3091:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3030:All Ordinaries
3027:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2975:Luxury Car Tax
2972:
2962:
2956:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2915:Superannuation
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2723:Federal Senate
2721:Senate Inquiry
2718:
2712:
2703:
2700:Media Releases
2697:
2689:
2688:External links
2686:
2684:
2683:
2661:
2650:on 7 July 2012
2635:
2624:
2613:on 27 May 2012
2598:
2573:
2547:
2515:
2483:
2451:
2425:
2396:
2369:
2343:
2317:
2284:
2251:
2218:
2180:
2152:
2120:
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2075:The Australian
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2018:
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538:, the largest
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477:could widen".
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374:Ian Macfarlane
319:Prime Minister
309:Prime Minister
223:Alan Carpenter
193:Alan Carpenter
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3077:Reserve Bank
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891:
866:Norman Moore
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706:Central Park
686:
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647:Subiaco Oval
637:
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618:annual leave
603:
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512:BHP Billiton
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346:Verve Energy
343:
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317:On 18 June,
316:
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210:
202:Troy Buswell
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3130:Solar power
2910:Real estate
2880:Agriculture
2566:23 December
2362:23 December
1997:BusinessDay
1937:BusinessDay
1717:22 December
1685:22 December
1490:. Melbourne
1143:BusinessDay
1063:BusinessDay
735:Air Liquide
731:anaesthesia
483:Eric Ripper
366:Perth Basin
295:David Black
46:natural gas
3307:Categories
3135:Wind power
2990:Tax return
2960:Fuel taxes
2885:Automotive
2873:Industries
2844:Queensland
2167:Herald Sun
2107:Herald Sun
884:References
769:caused by
727:draft beer
625:Wesfarmers
614:stood down
530:producer,
516:Kalgoorlie
322:Kevin Rudd
312:Kevin Rudd
257:Fran Logan
169:terajoules
129:condensate
111:Background
82:stood down
65:north west
48:supply in
2930:Transport
2895:Insurance
2540:2 October
2508:2 October
2476:2 October
2444:2 October
2418:2 October
1879:2 October
1770:ABC Rural
1738:ABC Rural
996:2 October
836:Coalition
771:corrosion
524:Rio Tinto
475:trade gap
334:crude oil
299:Geraldton
273:megawatts
238:brownouts
234:blackouts
230:stoppages
3279:Category
2952:Taxation
2859:Tasmania
2839:Victoria
2811:Currency
2654:22 April
2617:22 April
2331:WA Today
2266:PerthNow
2139:Archived
2134:ABC News
2071:Business
2005:Archived
1971:Archived
1945:Archived
1905:Archived
1900:ABC News
1840:Archived
1835:ABC News
1775:ABC News
1743:ABC News
1565:Archived
1560:ABC News
1525:PerthNow
1459:ABC News
1356:Archived
1351:ABC News
1236:ABC News
1208:ABC News
1177:ABC News
1104:Business
1071:Archived
872:See also
739:abattoir
645:game at
643:football
610:UnionsWA
564:Fonterra
556:Newcrest
500:iron ore
403:Karratha
386:Woodside
158:Incident
57:pipeline
54:corroded
3291:Commons
3095:Biofuel
3006:Banking
2969:dispute
2925:Tourism
2890:Fishing
2765:History
2336:29 June
2310:29 June
2277:26 July
2244:29 June
2211:29 June
2173:26 July
2145:29 June
2113:29 June
2085:29 June
2050:29 June
2011:26 July
1977:26 July
1951:29 June
1941:The Age
1911:29 June
1846:26 July
1814:26 July
1781:26 July
1749:26 July
1644:29 June
1609:29 June
1571:29 June
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1494:29 June
1487:The Age
1465:29 June
1434:29 June
1427:The Age
1401:29 June
1362:29 June
1325:29 June
1297:29 June
1243:29 June
1215:29 June
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1118:29 June
1077:29 June
1067:The Age
1040:29 June
812:Bunbury
745:Westpac
702:Perth's
584:Alumina
532:Newmont
431:Kwinana
390:Chevron
370:Dongara
281:Kwinana
220:Premier
190:Premier
174:Synergy
137:tankers
3190:Unions
3087:Energy
2905:Mining
2676:29 May
2591:29 May
807:Senate
560:Telfer
544:Alinta
540:zircon
508:nickel
438:Impact
265:Collie
141:subsea
105:Senate
2935:Ports
2534:(PDF)
2527:(PDF)
2502:(PDF)
2495:(PDF)
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840:Labor
698:lifts
606:Brick
582:with
576:Alcoa
248:with
3197:ACTU
3057:ASIC
3052:APRA
3047:ACCC
2942:Wine
2678:2012
2656:2013
2619:2013
2593:2012
2568:2008
2542:2008
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2013:2008
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908:2008
725:for
723:pubs
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633:CSBP
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528:gold
506:and
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