West Ukrainian People's Republic

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loyalty to Ukrainian state. On 6 November a ban on Polish press and publications was issued in Lviv by Ukrainian authorities and printing presses demolished (Poles had similarly banned Ukrainian publications in territories they controlled ) Ukrainian authorities tried to intimidate Polish population in Lviv by sending soldiers and armed trucks into the streets and dispersed crowds that could turn to Polish demonstrations. Christoph Mick states that initially, the Ukrainian government refused to take Polish hostages but as both the Polish civilian and military resistance to Ukrainian forces grew, Polish civilians were threatened with

461: 182: 1675:. As a result, Petrushevych recognized that the West Ukrainian government could no longer work with Petliura's Directorate and on 15 November the West Ukrainian government left for exile in Vienna. The Directorate informed Poland on 2 December that it had no interest in western Ukraine. The West Ukrainian government-in-exile then "rejected the joint institutions" with the Directorate and on 20 December unilaterally repealed the Unification Act. The exiled government resumed the name West Ukrainian People's Republic at the beginning of 1920. 2339:

participated and were represented by approximately 10 percent of the delegates. Localized anti-Jewish assaults and robberies by Ukrainian peasants and soldiers, while far fewer in number and less brutal than similar actions by Poles, occurred between January and April 1919. The government publicly condemned such actions and intervened in defence of the Jewish community, imprisoning and even executing perpetrators of such crimes. The government also respected Jewish declared neutrality during the Polish-Ukrainian conflict. By the orders of

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the entire time of its existence there were no cases of mass repressions against national minorities in territories held by the West Ukrainian People's Republic, Hrytsak states that this differentiated the Ukrainian government from that of Poland. Katarzyna Hibel writes that while officially West Ukrainian People's Republic like Poland declared guarantees of rights of its national minorities, in reality, both countries were violating them and treated other foreign nationalities like

2452: 592: 447: 49: 2169: 1886:. It was to remain on the Polish side of the truce line under the management of an international commission, with 50% of oil production to be transferred to the Ukrainian side. Poland and ZUNR were only to be able to record the volume of production and pay for oil supplies. The project secured Entente interests in the oil basin and was the first step towards its neutralisation. At the time of the proposal, the territory of the basin was under the control of the 2428: 253: 514: 2464: 2440: 1353:

Rusyns, Germans, Hungarians, Romanians, Czechs, Slovaks, Romani, Armenians and others. The cities and towns of this largely rural region were mostly populated by Poles and Jews, while the Ukrainians dominated the countryside. Out of this region's 44 territorial divisions, Poles were a majority in only one - Lviv county. This would prove problematic for the Ukrainians, because largest city and proclaimed capital

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West Ukrainian government in its conflict with Poland. Jewish officers of the defunct Austro-Hungarian army joined the West Ukrainian military, and Jewish judges, lawyers, doctors and railroad employees joined the West Ukrainian civil service. From November 1918, ethnic Poles in the civil service who refused to pledge loyalty to the West Ukrainian government either quit

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telegraphs and railroads. Austrian laws remained temporarily in force. Likewise, the government generally retained the Austrian system of tax collection, although war losses had impoverished the population and the amount of taxes collected was minimal. Most of the government's revenue came from the export of oil and salt.

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authorities mirrored Polish authorities by making speaking in Polish unwelcome. Mick acknowledges that Ukrainian side during the siege of Lviv stopped caring about supplies reaching the city and attempted to disrupt water supply to city. Its fierce artillery fire killed many civilians, including women and children.

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With regard to the area of eastern Galicia, the major powers opted for the so-called Mandate Concept on 20 November 1919. Poland would be given a mandate for East Galicia for twenty-five years, after which its further fate would be decided by the League of Nations. The matter did not continue. Poland

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The political fate of the western Lemko region took a different direction. The political involvement of Lemkos in Gorlice, Grybów, Jasło, and Nowy Sącz were influenced to a considerably higher degree than in the eastern region by Austro-Hungarian repressions and the ensuing legend of Thalerhof, which

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According to historian Christopher Mick, the Ukrainian government in general treated the Polish population under its control no worse than the Polish government treated the Ukrainians under its control., writing that Ukrainian authorities didn't treat the Polish population "gently" and that Ukrainian

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Although ethnic Poles represented only a small minority in the rural areas, they dominated the urban areas and almost 39% of eastern Galician lands had been in the hands of large Polish landowners prior to World War I. The Western Ukrainian People's Republic passed laws that confiscated vast manorial

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Relations between the western Ukrainian polity and the Kyiv-based Ukrainian People's Republic were at times strained. The leadership of the former tended to be more conservative in orientation. Well-versed in the culture of the Austrian parliamentary system and an orderly approach to government, they

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The Polish population was hostile to the newly formed West Ukrainian state. They considered it a rule "by bayonet, cudgel, and axe". Polish officials resigned en masse, which undermined the Republic's ability to lead an effective administration. Poles dominated the urban areas and started an uprising

1352:

According to the Austro-Hungarian census of 1910, the territory claimed by the West Ukrainian People's Republic had about 5.4 million people. Of these, 3,291,000 (approximately 60%) were Ukrainians, 1,351,000 (approximately 25%) were Poles, 660,000 (approximately 12%) were Jews, and the rest included

2383:

The liberal attitude taken towards Jews by the Western Ukrainian government could be attributed to the Habsburg tradition of inter-ethnic tolerance and cooperation leaving its mark on the intelligentsia and military officers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The friendly attitude

2338:

Reflecting the republic's demographics, approximately one-third of the seats in the national parliament were reserved for the national minorities (Poles, Jews, Slovaks and others). The Poles boycotted the elections, while the Jews, despite declaring their neutrality in the Polish-Ukrainian conflict,

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Although relations between Poles and the West Ukrainian People's Republic were antagonistic, those between the Republic and its Jewish citizens was generally neutral or positive. Deep-seated rivalries existed between the Jewish and Polish communities, and anti-Semitism, particularly supported by the

2240:

stated that the Ukrainian nationalism that developed before the First World War in Austria was anti-Polish, but neither "very xenophobic" nor antisemitic. In November 1918 a decision was made to include cabinet-level state secretaries of Polish, Jewish and German affairs. According to Hrytsak during

2347:

The West Ukrainian government's friendly attitude towards Jews was reciprocated by many members of the Jewish community. Although Jewish political organizations officially declared their neutrality in the Polish-Ukrainian struggle, many individual Jews offered their support or sympathized with the

2261:

Polish historian Rafał Galuba writes that Polish population was treated as second class citizens by West Ukrainian authorities After 1 November several members of Polish associations were arrested or interned by Ukrainian authorities; similar fate awaited officials who refused to swear an oath of

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The national movement in western Ukraine was as strong as in other eastern European countries, and the Ukrainian government was able to mobilize over 100,000 men, 40,000 of whom were battle-ready. Despite the strength of the Ukrainian nationalist forces, they received little support and enthusiasm

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estates from private landlords and distributed this land to landless peasants. Other than in those limited cases, the right to private property was made fundamental and expropriation of lands was forbidden. This differentiated the policies of the West Ukrainian People's Republic from those of the

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After a long series of further negotiations, on 14 March 1923 it was decided that eastern Galicia would be incorporated into Poland "taking into consideration that Poland has recognized that in regard to the eastern part of Galicia ethnographic conditions fully deserve its autonomous status." The

1471:

oil fields by surprise but were driven back, outnumbered by the Ukrainians. The resulting stalemate saw the Poles retaining control over Lviv and a narrow strip of land around a railway linking the city to Poland, while the rest of eastern Galicia remained under the control of the West Ukrainian

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The Western Ukrainian government guaranteed Jewish cultural and national autonomy, provided Jewish communities with self-governing status, and promoted the formation of Jewish national councils which, with the approval of the Western Ukrainian government, established the Central Jewish National

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professionals. The boundaries of counties and communities remained the same as they had been during the time of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The county, regional, and local courts continued to function as they had while the country had been a part of Austria, as did schools, the postal service,

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The territory of the West Ukrainian People's Republic comprised 12 military districts, whose commanders were responsible for conscripting soldiers. The government was able to mobilize 100,000 soldiers in the spring of 1919, but due to a lack of military supplies, only 40,000 were battle-ready.

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Poles didn't support the Ukrainian authorities and set up an underground resistance movement that engaged in acts of sabotage. All fieldwork was stopped, the harvest destroyed and machinery purposely broken; Poles also issued to keep up the morale among the population. In response, Ukrainian

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argued that the Whites would be defeated anyway but that the alliance with them would strengthen relations with the Western powers, who supported the Whites and would help the Ukrainian military forces for their later struggle against the victorious Soviets. Such arguments were condemned by

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on 15 March 1923, with the reservation that Poland introduce autonomous status for this territory, a surrogate for which was the Act on Provincial Self-Government of September 1922, stating in its very title the special character of the territory of Eastern Galicia within the Polish state.

1953:. These efforts ultimately resulted in the League of Nations declaring on 23 February 1921 that Galicia lay outside the territory of Poland, that Poland did not have the mandate to establish administrative control in that country, and that Poland was merely the occupying military power of 2849: 2281:

authorities engaged in terror, including mass executions, court martial and set up detention centers where some Poles were interned. The conditions in these camps involved unheated wooden barracks, lack of bedding and lack of medical care, resulting in high levels of morbidity from

2552:

Klapchuk, Volodymyr & Klapchuk, Mykhailo & Pozdniakov, Oleksandr & Novosolov, Oleksandr. (2019). Administrative-territorial division and population dynamics in Galicia during the second half of the 19th century - the first third of the 20th century. Skhid. 17-24.

2289:, according to various sources from 300 to 600 (dying from typhoid) in Mikulińce, 100 in Kołomyja, and 16 to 40 in Brzeżany, due to unheated barracks at temperatures of −20 degrees Celsius. Cases of robbing, beating, torturing or shooting of Polish prisoners were reported. 242: 3354: 240: 241: 239: 238: 2322:

as the least desirable option following the First World War. In contrast to the antagonistic position taken by Polish authorities towards Jews, the Ukrainian government actively supported Jewish cultural and political autonomy as a way of promoting its own legitimacy.

1645:

which would involve guaranteed autonomy within a Russian state. Western Ukrainian diplomats in Paris sought contact with Russian counterparts in that city. The Russian Whites had mixed views of this proposed alliance. On the one hand, they were wary of the Galicians'

1650:

and concerned about the effect of such an alliance on their relationship with Poland. On the other hand, the Russians respected the discipline and training of the Galician soldiers and understood that an agreement with the Western Ukrainians would deprive Kyiv's

2300:

stated that the anti-Polish violence under Ukrainian governance was widespread and organised by the government, rather than being spontaneous. He headed a rescue committee that provided food to the poorest, and along with the Greek Catholic Metropolitan

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treaty signed on 24 February 1919, and presented its proposals to the parties on 28 February, which was rejected by the West Ukrainian side. As a result of the failure to agree on the demarcation line, Polish-Ukrainian hostilities resumed on 2 March.

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it was forbidden to mobilize Jews against their will or to otherwise force them to contribute to the Ukrainian military effort. In an effort to aid Western Ukraine's economy, the Western Ukrainian government granted concessions to Jewish merchants.

2125:. The ruling National Democrats gave some of their seats to minor parties in order to ensure that the government represented a broad national coalition. In terms of the Ukrainian National Council's social background, 57.1% of its members came from 3502:

edited by Kazimierz W. Kumaniecki, Warsaw-Krakow 1924, p. 676 ('Considerant qu'il est reconnu par la Pologne, qu'en ce qui concerne la partie orientale de la Galicie, les conditions ethnographiques necessitent un regime d'autonomie'. - French

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on 15 February 1919. The truce, along the Barthelemy Line, was to be purely military and not affect the decisions of the Paris Peace Conference in any way. An integral part of the convention was to be a supplementary treaty concerning the

3626:"Wojna na mapy" – "wojna na słowa". Onomastyczne i międzykulturowe aspekty polityki językowej II Rzeczpospolitej w stosunku do mniejszości ukraińskiej w Galicji Wschodniej w okresie międzywojennym page 106 Katarzyna Hibel LIT Verlag 2014 2266:

by Ukrainian commander in chief for alleged attacks and shots on Ukrainian soldiers. In response, the Polish side proposed a peaceful solution of the conflict and joint Polish-Ukrainian militia to oversee the public safety in the city.

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took place in Lviv, where half of the residents were Polish and did not want to be part of a non-Polish state. A few weeks later Lviv's rebellious Poles received support from Poland. On 9 November, Polish forces attempted to seize the

4079: 93:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG). 5580: 1890:. For the West Ukrainian government, the terms of the Armistice Convention were unfavourable; however, they offered a chance to compromise with Poland and obtain international recognition of the Ukrainian state by the Entente. 2335:. The Ukrainian press maintained a friendly attitude towards the West Ukrainian Republic's Jewish citizens. Their Hebrew and Yiddish schools, cultural institutions and publishers were allowed to function without interference. 1834:

The Polish side accepted this solution, but the Ukrainian delegation insisted on the 'San line'. As a result of the Ukrainian disapproval, the Entente delegation made another attempt at mediation. This was carried out by the

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were more chaotic and prone to committing pogroms, something actively opposed by the western Ukrainians. The poor discipline in Kyiv's army and the insubordination of its officers shocked the Galician delegates sent to Kyiv.

2948:, the western Ukrainian negotiator with the Kyiv government and primary author of the Union between the West Ukrainian Republic and the Kyiv-based Ukrainian People's Republic, expressed shock at the actions of the "rabble" ( 3717:

Wojna polsko-ukraińska 1918–1919: działania bojowe, aspekty polityczne, kalendarium Grzegorz Łukomski, Czesław Partacz, Bogusław Polak Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Inżynierskiej w Koszalinie; Warszawa, 1994 – 285 page 96

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prevailed in the Inter-Socialist Commission for Poland, which advocated the purely military nature of possible agreements with the West Ukrainian People's Republic, without prejudging any political issues. Indeed,

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Czesław Partacz – Wojna polsko-ukraińska o Lwów i Galicję Wschodnią 1918–1919 Przemyskie Zapiski Historyczne – Studia i materiały poświęcone historii Polski Południowo-Wschodniej. 2006–09 R. XVI-XVII (2010) page

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Wojna polsko-ukraińska 1918–1919: działania bojowe, aspekty polityczne, kalendarium Grzegorz Łukomski, Czesław Partacz, Bogusław Polak Wydawn. Wyższej Szkoły Inżynierskiej w Koszalinie; Warszawa, 1994 page

2364:. Jews were also able to create their own police units, and in some locations the Ukrainian government gave local Jewish militias responsibility for the maintenance of security and order. In the regions of 1431: 1264: 349: 1576:

of their Kyiv-based peers with some dismay and with the concern that the social unrest in the East would spread to Galicia. Likewise, the West Ukrainian troops were more disciplined while those of Kyiv's

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the French representative on the commission, warned the Ukrainians that their military advantage could disappear quickly once General Haller's Polish Army arrived from France." John Stephen Reshetar.

2009:. The Entente also never recognised the Western Ukrainian People's Republic. With regard to the territory of eastern Galicia, it attempted to introduce a makeshift solution, a long-lasting (25 years) 3221:

Subcommittee for the Suspension of Arms on the Front of the Polish-Ukrainian Struggle in Eastern Galicia' was formed on 15 February 1919. Chairman: Joseph Barthélemy. Members: Robert Howard Lord (

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Council in December 1918 to represent Jewish interests in relation to the Ukrainian government and to the Western allies. The Council of Ministers of the West Ukrainian National Republic bought

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Since western Ukraine had a different tradition in its legal, social and political norms, it was to be autonomous within a united Ukraine. Furthermore, western Ukrainians retained their own

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states: "Before the First World War Ukrainian nationalism under Austrian rule was neither very xenophobic nor aggressive. It was anti-Polish, which was understandable, but not antisemitic."

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exercised (with the exception of the period of the Soviet offensive in the summer of 1920) administrative functions in the area. This was attempted to be countered by the exiled Cabinet of

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on 1 November thwarted these plans, so the Entente states began to press both the Poles and Galicians to seek a settlement and adopt the demarcation line proposed by the allied states.

1549:, the West Ukrainian army was able to hold off Poland for approximately nine months, but by July 1919, Polish forces had taken over most of the territory claimed by the Western Oblast. 1530:

An agreement to unite western Ukraine with the rest of Ukraine was made as early as 1 December 1918. The government of the West Ukrainian People's Republic officially united with the

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and therefore the Council of the League of Nations decides to submit the demands of the Galicians concerning the legal position of East Galicia and the future of that country to the

5555: 1934:, and other territories (Article II), Poland recognized the Ukrainian People's Republic as an independent state (Article I) with borders as defined by Articles II and III and under 2352:

or were fired; their positions were filled by large numbers of Jews who were willing to support the Ukrainian state. Jews served as judges and legal consultants in the courts in

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and government structure. Despite the formal union, the Western Ukrainian Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic fought in separate wars. The former was preoccupied with a

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from the local Ukrainian population; in general, the attitude was often that of indifference, and the male Ukrainian population often tried to avoid service in its military.

4737: 2025:. Poland opposed these ideas, while at the same time pursuing a policy of establishing its own governance on the disputed territory, integrating it into the Polish state. 953: 236: 3498:. - the official Polish text of the decision of the Conference of Ambassadors appearing in the Polish Journal of Laws of 20 April 1923 (Journal of Laws - 1923/49/333), 3420:; (3) Nor can the principles of the Hague Convention be applied to this case, because at the time when that Convention was signed, Poland as a state did not exist; (4) 5565: 2089:

From 22 to 25 November elections took place in Ukrainian-controlled territory for the 150-member Ukrainian National Council that was to serve as the legislative body.

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In view of the fact that it has been recognised by Poland that, as regards the eastern part of Galicia, the ethnographic conditions make autonomous regime necessary'

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Christoph Mick. (2015). Lemberg, Lwow, Lviv, 1914–1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press, pg. 177–184

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following day, the government of the West Ukrainian People's Republic disbanded. The Polish government reneged on its promise of autonomy for eastern Galicia.

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In Zloczow 17 Poles were executed by Ukrainian authorities In Brzuchowice Polish railwaymen who refused to comply with Ukrainian orders to work were executed

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Christoph Mick. (2015). Lemberg, Lwow, Lviv, 1914–1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press, pg. 180

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Christoph Mick. (2015). Lemberg, Lwow, Lviv, 1914–1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press, pg. 150

3678:

Christoph Mick. (2015). Lemberg, Lwow, Lviv, 1914–1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press, pg. 175

2777:(Fall 1993). "The Ukrainian question between Poland and Czechoslovakia: The Lemko Rusyn republic (1918–1920) and political thought in western Rus'-Ukraine". 2156:) until 26 May 1919. Despite the war, the West Ukrainian People's Republic maintained the stability of the pre-war Austrian administration intact, employing 1740: 1527:

sentiment prevailed among its inhabitants, who were opposed to a union with the West Ukrainian People's Republic and instead sought unification with Russia.

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Two smaller states west of the West Ukrainian People's Republic also declared independence as result of the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The

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His policy was not changed by the statement of the Council of Ambassadors on 12 July 1921 not to recognise the ZURL government as representing East Galicia

3230: 2061: 1859: 1561: 5545: 5525: 4510: 4262: 2427: 2376:, and Jewish youths worked as scouts for the West Ukrainian military. Most of the Jews cooperating with and serving in the West Ukrainian military were 1881: 2750: 2633: 4406: 4308: 4180: 3416:; (2) The provisions on the execution of mandates and the control of the League of Nations over mandataries cannot be applied to East Galicia because 1046: 928: 31: 3861: 2651: 2144:

The West Ukrainian People's Republic governed an area with a population of approximately 4 million people for much of its nine-month existence.

5490: 4553: 4330: 4296: 3422:...Poland is only the de facto military occupier of Galicia, the sovereign being the Entente States (Art. 91 of the Treaty of Saint Germain-en-Laye) 1573: 126: 96:

Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.

5540: 5510: 5314: 4902: 4318: 4100: 2863: 2208: 1488:. This made the West Ukrainian government unable to exert control over the western half of its territory, and made the Polish offensive possible. 104: 5441: 4205: 3973: 2218:

In general, the government of the West Ukrainian People's Republic was orderly and well-organized. This contrasted with the chaotic state of the

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In this situation, General Barthelemy presented his compromise proposal on 28 January 1919. The armistice line was to run along the Bug River to

5560: 5505: 4995: 4747: 4418: 4277: 2118: 2006: 1659:, without authorization from their government, signed a ceasefire with the White Russians and placed their army under White Russian authority. 1446:) planned to declare the West Ukrainian People's Republic on 3 November 1918, but moved the date forward to 1 November due to reports that the 1260: 948: 4359: 4052: 4039: 4026: 4013: 2590: 5002: 2492: 1621:

continued to deteriorate, in part because the Western Ukrainians saw the Poles as the main enemy (with the Russians a potential ally) while

4088: 1276: 1071: 883: 3408:"Under pressure from the United Kingdom, the Council of the League of Nations adopted on 23 February 1921. a resolution stating that: (1) 2253:. According to this law, however, members of national minorities had the right to communicate with the government in their own languages. 2451: 2380:. In general, Jews made up the largest group of non-ethnic Ukrainians who participated in all branches of the West Ukrainian government. 2117:(secretary of education and religious affairs), among others. The country essentially had a two-party political system, dominated by the 1357:

had 49.4% Polish population compared to 19.9% Ukrainian population; and was considered by Poland to be one of its most important cities.

252: 5515: 4933: 4722: 4190: 3291:

Rafał Galuba, "Let us be judged by sword and blood ...". Konflikt polsko-ukraiński o Galicję Wschodnią w latach 1918-1919, Poznań 2004,

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Rafał Galuba, "Let us be judged by sword and blood ...". Konflikt polsko-ukraiński o Galicję Wschodnią w latach 1918-1919, Poznań 2004,

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attending the Peace Conference in Paris, asking for help and alleging the brutal murders of Polish priests and civilians by Ukrainians.

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dissolved on 15 March 1923, and most of its members returned to Poland, being actively involved in the political and social life of the

2029: 918: 4641: 3157: 1922:, officially recognizing Polish control over the disputed territory of Eastern Galicia. In exchange for agreeing to a border along the 768: 4865: 4812: 4779: 4774: 4399: 4210: 3242: 2680: 2657: 2512: 2486: 1978: 1841: 1295: 1076: 1056: 996: 2463: 5058: 4882: 4515: 4313: 4195: 3956: 3759: 3640: 3482: 3440: 3296: 3279: 3169: 3145: 2828: 2734: 2665: 2405:. After the act of unification with the Ukrainian People's Republic, the banknotes in circulation were overprinted with nominals in 1425: 968: 4626: 723: 4858: 3537: 2133:. In terms of the identified council members' vocational background, approximately 30% were lawyers, 22% were teachers, 14% were 1998: 1318:, the exiled West Ukrainian government broke with the UPR. The exiled government continued its claim until it dissolved in 1923. 1121: 1086: 1081: 843: 466: 4631: 1333:

rampant. The colours of the flag were blue and yellow, with the blue in a much lighter shade than in the modern Ukrainian Flag.

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Dictatorship of the Western Province of the Ukrainian National Republic in the Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 1 (1984)

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functioned as the Republic's capital from 1 November until the loss of that city to Polish forces on 21 November, followed by

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Tomasz J. Kopański, Wojna polsko-ukraińska 1918––1919 i jej bohaterowie, Wojskowe Centrum Edukacji Obywatelskiej, Warsaw 2013

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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Ukrainian Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.

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Social-Political Portrait of the Ukrainian Leadership of Galicia and Bokovyna during the Reovlutionary Years of 1918–1919

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Konflikt polsko-ukraiński w prasie Polski Zachodniej w latach 1918–1923 Marek Figura Wydawn. Poznańskie, page 120, 2001

5087: 4870: 4794: 4164: 3920: 3614: 3544:(Ukrainian; Essays on the History of Ukraine: the Formation of the Modern Ukrainian Nation). Kyiv, Ukraine: Chapter 3. 3339: 2439: 2315: 1931: 1595: 1114: 1066: 1023: 571: 507: 5007: 2001:) recognised Eastern Galicia as disputed territory not belonging to the Polish state until 14 March 1923, over which 1876: 4379: 1827:

railway line was to remain in Ukrainian hands. This was to be a temporary line, until the matter was settled by the

5309: 5142: 5048: 4897: 4712: 4257: 4241: 3635:„Niech nas rozsądzi miecz i krew”...Konflikt polsko-ukraiński o Galicję Wschodnią w latach 1918–1919, Poznań 2004, 3383: 2130: 1652: 1578: 958: 878: 228: 2296:

In a report that he submitted to the Polish Foreign Ministry in early 1920, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Lviv

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The Western Ukrainians continued pressing their interests during the negotiations following World War I at the

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had also claimed this territory, and by July occupied most of it and forced the West Ukrainian government into

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fostered the spread of anti-Ukrainian attitudes. Those feelings also led to the rise of the Florynka Republic.

1606:). On 16 July 1919, the remaining army consisting of about 50,000 soldiers, crossed into the territory of the 1463: 133: 2928:. Edmonton, Alberta: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press at the University of Alberta, pp. 134–144. 2532:

The Styr River valley had seen significant fighting between Russia and the Central Powers during World War I.

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Udział duchowieństwa w polskim życiu politycznym w latach 1914–1924 page 300 Michał Piela RW KUL, 1994 – 359

2895:. Edmonton, Alberta: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press at University of Alberta. pp. 48–58. 2480: 2373: 2122: 1915: 1887: 1744: 1723: 1656: 1553: 1311: 1272: 763: 3606: 3272:"Let us be judged by sword and blood ...". Konflikt polsko-ukraiński o Galicję Wschodnią w latach 1918-1919 1941:

Neither the Polish government in Warsaw nor the exiled Western Ukrainian government agreed to this treaty.

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Ethnic groups and population changes in twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe: history, data, analysis

1926:, recognizing the recent Polish territorial gains in western Ukraine, as well as the western portions of 1734: 5324: 5187: 5104: 4958: 4762: 4439: 4236: 3267: 2716: 1990: 1927: 1851: 1751: 601: 2944:. Edmonton, Alberta: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, University of Alberta pg. 148: Dr. 2332: 2072: 1907: 3182: 2718:

State Building in Revolutionary Ukraine: A Comparative Study of Governments and Bureaucrats, 1917-1922

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Velychenko, Stephen (2017). "The Western Ukrainian National Republic, November 1918 to October 1920".

5319: 5272: 5182: 5099: 5073: 4985: 4978: 4948: 4836: 4670: 4653: 4621: 4459: 3238: 3017:

Spór o Galicję Wschodnią 1914–1923 Ludwik Mroczka. Wydawnictwo Naukowe WSP, January 1998 page 106-108

2779: 2138: 2114: 2014: 1788:

line. It then travelled to Lviv, meeting with the Ukrainian delegation. The Ukrainians opted for the

1729: 1714: 1663: 1626: 1618: 1546: 1516: 788: 778: 708: 5389: 5197: 5124: 5119: 4921: 4907: 4769: 4444: 4434: 3944: 3819:

Nationalizing a Borderland: War, ethnicity, and anti-Jewish violence in Eastern Galicia, 1914–1920.

3455: 3038: 2774: 2520: 2340: 2297: 2090: 1816: 1667: 1614: 1307: 1256: 993: 853: 756: 658: 653: 17: 2926:

Russian nationalism and Ukraine: the nationality policy of the volunteer army during the Civil War

2052:

Following a decision by the Council of Ambassadors, the West Ukrainian government in exile led by

591: 5413: 5372: 5304: 5207: 5152: 5068: 5043: 5021: 4817: 4742: 4571: 4469: 4454: 3772: 3662:

Spór o Galicję Wschodnią 1914–1923 Ludwik Mroczka. Wydawnictwo Naukowe WSP, January 1998 page 102

2796: 2246: 1373: 1150: 963: 943: 813: 648: 580: 521: 299: 162: 3886: 2168: 3061:

A Simple Question of ‘Pragmatism’? Sovietophilism in the West Ukrainian Emigration in the 1920s

5247: 5242: 5230: 5114: 5053: 5033: 4752: 4663: 4048: 4035: 4022: 4009: 3952: 3924: 3909: 3755: 3636: 3478: 3436: 3292: 3275: 3209: 3165: 3164:

vol. II 1914-1939, first national edition, Gdańsk 1990, published by Oficyna wydawnicza Graf,

3141: 2909: 2824: 2730: 2661: 2586: 2406: 2372:

approximately a third of the police force was Jewish. Jews fielded their own battalion in the

2331:

textbooks and visual aids for Jewish schools and provided assistance to Jewish victims of the

2302: 2274: 2263: 2010: 1962: 1630: 1625:

in Kyiv considered the Poles a potential ally against his Russian enemies. In response to the

1492: 978: 838: 803: 798: 693: 628: 108: 5422: 5394: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5148: 4658: 4646: 4494: 4464: 3234: 2945: 2788: 2722: 2328: 2237: 2157: 2110: 2053: 1326: 973: 782: 772: 671: 638: 618: 307: 1778: 1773:. Initially, the mission familiarised itself with the Polish position, which opted for the 5299: 5237: 4943: 4695: 4474: 4131: 3995: 3610: 3573: 3560: 3541: 3395: 3263: 3246: 3205: 3067: 2757: 2621: 2357: 2196: 2153: 2106: 2094: 2081: 2045: 1986: 1954: 1688: 1534: 1459: 1435: 1330: 1244: 1220: 1041: 903: 808: 743: 613: 452: 303: 285: 187: 2893:

The Ukrainian-Polish defensive alliance, 1919–1921: an aspect of the Ukrainian revolution

2412:

Along with these official issues, some cities printed their local contingency banknotes (

1754:

countries sought to form a common anti-Bolshevik front, which was to include the Polish,

1511:

it planned to unite with the West Ukrainian People's Republic, but was suppressed by the

3862:"Jewish Battalion of the Ukrainian Galician Army | Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 2" 2318:, became a feature of Polish national ideology. As a result, many Jews came to consider 1629:

diplomatic talks with Poland, the Western Ukrainian government sent a delegation to the

5427: 5362: 5252: 4990: 4953: 4705: 4675: 4616: 4449: 4231: 3904: 3250: 2817:

The Lemko Region in the Second Polish Republic Political and Interdenominational Issues

2250: 2176: 2097:

parliament, automatically became the Republic's president. Subordinated to him was the

1911: 1847: 1796: 1672: 1642: 1622: 1603: 1565: 1369: 1104: 908: 823: 703: 323: 201: 3534: 3353:

Lytvyn, Mykola Romanovych; Rubliov, Oleksandr Serhiyovych (2005). Smoliy, V.A. (ed.).

1259:. Politically, the Ukrainian National Democratic Party (the precursor of the interwar 5474: 4789: 4489: 3368: 3222: 2800: 2161: 2102: 1863: 1755: 1638: 1634: 1006: 828: 818: 688: 1613:

The same month, the Western Oblast established a government-in-exile in the city of

3270:

Howard's proposal was not supported by a majority of the Commission. Rafał Galuba,

2614: 2242: 1923: 1919: 1769:, a peacekeeping mission under the command of General Joseph Barthelemy arrived in 1504: 1385: 1322: 1310:. When the UPR decided late the same year that it would trade the territory for an 923: 728: 3974:

Western Ukrainian National Republic in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 5 (1993)

3477:. Konflikt polsko-ukraiński o Galicję Wschodnią w latach 1918-1919, Poznań 2004, 3258:

advocated linking the possible agreement with WUNR to the promise of recognition

3198: 3060: 2013:

for Poland to administer Galicia, with the territory being granted the status of

235: 4601: 4484: 3988: 3255: 2129:, 23.8% from peasant households, 4.8% from urban backgrounds, and 2.4% from the 2037: 2002: 1789: 1774: 1500: 1485: 1477: 1248: 833: 289: 3851:. Edmonton, Alberta: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, pp.409–420. 3418:

Poland has not been given a mandate, but only the right to administer this land

3113: 2815: 1683: 1372:

were among the largest in Europe. Rail connections to Russian-ruled Ukraine or

5367: 5357: 5292: 4757: 4606: 4591: 4479: 4323: 2792: 2726: 2018: 1807:(leaving Mikołajów itself on the Ukrainian side), then along the railway line 1409: 1381: 988: 678: 643: 623: 5456: 5443: 1655:, at war with the Russian Whites, of its best soldiers. In November 1919 the 1637:, head of the Western Ukrainian state secretariat, proposed an alliance with 1633:, but ultimately rejected Soviet conditions for an alliance. In August 1919, 4727: 4586: 4411: 4110: 2188: 2172: 1894: 1542: 1468: 1430:

The West Ukrainian People's Republic was proclaimed on 1 November 1918. The

1393: 1361: 1287: 1251:. Apart from lands of Eastern Galicia, it also claimed the northern part of 1236: 933: 380: 3720:

Kiedy w Brzuchowicach kolejarze polscy odmówili pracy, zostali rozstrzelani

3414:

cannot be applied to East Galicia because it lies outside the Polish border

2384:

towards Jews that the Galician Ukrainians had was in stark contrast to the

1770: 1451: 3891:

Illustrated Postage Stamp History of Western Ukrainian Republic 1918–1919

3070:

Working Paper: Koszalin Institute of Comparative European Studies pp.6–16

2369: 2361: 2353: 2305:

he tried to negotiate a peace between the Polish and Ukrainian populace.

2149: 1824: 1804: 1520: 1443: 1413: 1405: 1389: 1365: 1271:, liberal and socialist ideology. Other parties represented included the 1252: 1240: 1232: 1228: 848: 733: 554: 281: 3832:

The Lands Between: Conflict in the East European Borderlands, 1870–1992.

1783: 5287: 5282: 5267: 5262: 4562: 3916: 3535:Нариси Історії України: Формування модерної української нації XIX-XX ст 2413: 2377: 2282: 2192: 2105:(president of the secretariat and the Republic's minister of finance), 1508: 1397: 718: 698: 683: 633: 558: 546: 115:

to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is

2854:[Western Oblast of the Ukrainian People's Republic (WOUPR)]. 2285:. Estimated casualties at these camps include nearly 900 at a camp in 2137:, 13% were priests, and 5% were civil servants. Approximately 28% had 5277: 4611: 2365: 2134: 2057: 1935: 1800: 1538: 1496: 1481: 1299: 550: 328: 3687:

Lwów 1918–1919 Michał Klimecki Dom Wydawniczy Bellona, 1998, page 99

2483:

or UHA, the military forces of the West Ukrainian National Republic.

1476:

against the Ukrainian rule not only in Lviv, but also in Drohobych,

4531: 4045:Західно-Українська Народна Республіка 1918-1923. Енциклопедія. Т. 4 4032:Західно-Українська Народна Республіка 1918-1923. Енциклопедія. Т. 3 4019:Західно-Українська Народна Республіка 1918–1923. Енциклопедія. Т. 2 4006:Західно-Українська Народна Республіка 1918–1923. Енциклопедія. Т. 1 4596: 3500:

Odbudowa państwowości polskiej. Most important documents 1912-1924

3433:. Konflikt polsko-ukraiński o Galicję Wschodnią w latach 1918-1919 2286: 2167: 2071: 1871: 1820: 1812: 1377: 5581:

Countries and territories where Ukrainian is an official language

3043:

The roots of Ukrainian nationalism: Galicia as Ukraine's Piedmont

2273:

On 29 May 1919 the archbishop Jozef Bilczewski sent a message to

2036:

becoming unachievable, the Council of Ambassadors recognised the

1617:. Relations between the exiled West Ukrainian government and the 1507:, existed between 4 November 1918 and 23 January 1919. Being pro- 3181:"According to a member of the Ukrainian delegation in Lviv, Dr. 2433:

Map of the areas claimed by the West Ukrainian National Republic

2401:

The republic did not have its own currency, but rather used the

2145: 1808: 1455: 1401: 1354: 1224: 277: 90: 4535: 4061: 3609:"Bandera – Romantic Terrorist, interview with Jarosław Hrycak. 2226:

Policies towards national minorities and inter-ethnic relations

4021:: З–О. Івано-Франківськ : Манускрипт-Львів, 2019. 832 с. 4008:: А–Ж. Івано-Франківськ : Манускрипт-Львів, 2018. 688 с. 2489:, revolutionary government installed by Soviet Russia in 1920. 2152:

until late December 1918 and then by Stanislaviv (present-day

1458:. Shortly after the republic proclaimed independence from the 42: 3237:) The sub-commission was to bring about the cessation of the 2862:] (in Ukrainian). Institute of History of Ukraine at the 1850:. The sub-commission consisted of General Joseph Barthelemy ( 1610:

and continued the struggle for Ukrainian independence there.

1223:

from November 1918 to July 1919. It included major cities of

3513:

State Secretariat of the Western Ukrainian National Republic

1803:, then along the Bóbrka-Wybranka railway line, westwards to 4001:

People's war 1917–1932 by Kyiv city organization "Memorial"

3187:

The Ukrainian Revolution, 1917–1920: A Study of Nationalism

2388:, which enjoyed no sympathy amongst the Jewish population. 2017:. The expiry of the mandate period was to be followed by a 1691:

with the partition proposals from January and February 1919

2982:

Jews in Ukrainian literature: representation and identity.

2222:

that arose on the territory of the former Russian Empire.

4047:: Т - Я. Івано-Франківськ: Манускрипт-Львів, 2021.688 с. 4034:: П - С. Івано-Франківськ: Манускрипт-Львів, 2020.576 с. 3752:

Polish-Ukrainian conflict of Eastern Galicia in 1918–1919

2823:. Kraków: Jagiellonian University Press. pp. 15–16. 2093:, the chairman of the Council and a former member of the 2851:Західна область Української Народної Республіки (ЗО УНР) 3821:

Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, pp.97–101.

1214: 1202: 1176: 1164: 221: 1846:

subcommittee set up on 15 February 1919 and headed by

1739:, that was supposed to cease the fighting between the 1541:

of the Ukrainian People's Republic. This was mostly a

123:{{Translated|uk|Західноукраїнська Народна Республіка}} 82:

a machine-translated version of the Ukrainian article.

3900:, University of Toronto Press: Toronto, Canada, 1963. 3087:"Western Province of the Ukrainian National Republic" 2952:) when the Ukrainian People's Republic came to power. 2695:

Oil empire: visions of prosperity in Austrian Galicia

939:

Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

3849:

Ukrainian-Jewish relations in historical perspective

3115:Акт Злуки: на шляху до створення Української держави 2966:

Ukrainian nationalism in the 1990s: a minority faith

2005:

was to be exercised by the Entente states under the

1219:), was a short-lived polity that controlled most of 86: 5348: 5206: 5086: 5020: 4920: 4835: 4805: 4579: 4570: 4427: 4286: 4250: 4219: 4173: 4152: 4119: 3208:. University of Kansas, lecture notes by professor 3080: 3078: 3076: 1973:

The Entente powers and the issue of Eastern Galicia

542: 414: 400: 390: 377: 367: 355: 345: 337: 313: 295: 273: 262: 149: 5571:Institutions with the title of National in Ukraine 3908: 1537:, after which the former was known as the Western 3189:. Princeton University Press. 1952. pp. 273, 176. 2936: 2934: 2721:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 208–223. 2245:. On 15 February 1919 a law was passed that made 1758:, Romanian and Ukrainian armies. The outbreak of 1193:Western Oblast of the Ukrainian People's Republic 3613:, May 10, 2008. Hrytsak, a history professor at 2942:Ukraine and Russia in their historical encounter 2062:Ukrainian minority in the Second Polish Republic 3845:Jewish-Ukrainian Relations During the Holocaust 2374:army of the Western Ukrainian National Republic 1981:approved the provisional administration of the 1815:to the border of the disputed territory in the 1282:The ZUNR emerged as a breakaway state amid the 1208: 1198:Західна область Української Народної Республіки 1196: 1170: 215: 154: 3597:Michel Europa-Katalog Ost 1985/86, Westukraine 3045:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pg. 28 1204:Zakhidna oblast Ukrainskoi Narodnoi Respubliky 111:accompanying your translation by providing an 73:Click for important translation instructions. 60:expand this article with text translated from 5556:States and territories disestablished in 1919 4547: 4073: 3951:, University of Toronto Press: Toronto 1996, 3893:(Yonkers, NY: Philatelic Publications, 1973). 3847:. In Peter J. Potichnyj, Howard Aster (eds.) 3262:(of which WUNR was formally a part after the 2710: 2708: 2232:Jewish-Ukrainian relations in Eastern Galicia 1122: 8: 2976: 2974: 2645: 2643: 2469:The West Ukrainian People's Republic in 1919 1799:, then along the border of the districts to 1765:On 19 January 1919, by the order of General 4089:Modern Ukraine after the Russian Revolution 3356:Західноукраїнська Народна Республіка (ЗУНР) 2984:New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 94–95 5551:States and territories established in 1918 5092: 5026: 4926: 4841: 4576: 4554: 4540: 4532: 4511:Congress of the Enslaved Peoples of Russia 4080: 4066: 4058: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3777:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2605:. New Haven: Yale University Press, p. 134 1728:proposed a demarcation line, known as the 1594:Part of the defeated army found refuge in 1191:), known for part of its existence as the 1129: 1115: 565: 251: 146: 3695: 3693: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3055: 3053: 3051: 2920: 2918: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 1993:states and the bodies appointed by them ( 3026: 3005: 2993: 2905: 1957:, whose fate would be determined by the 1893:The commission succeeded in getting the 1682: 257:West Ukrainian People's Republic in 1918 5566:Former countries of the interwar period 4101:Universals (Central Council of Ukraine) 3766:Let the sword and the blood judge us... 3584: 3582: 3361:West Ukrainian People's Republic (WUPR) 2864:National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2545: 2504: 2423: 1420:Independence and struggle for existence 579: 568: 4419:Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance 4278:Central Executive Committee of Ukraine 4181:Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets 3834:Oxford: Oxford University Press pg. 93 3770: 3515:Encyclopedia of Ukraine, (1993) vol. 5 3475:Let us be judged by sword and blood... 3431:Let us be judged by sword and blood... 3410:The provisions of the Peace Conference 3391: 3381: 2860:Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine 2553:10.21847/1728-9343.2019.2(160).164762. 1870:). The subcommittee presented a draft 1598:and became known there under the name 1261:Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance 949:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists 32:Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets 3460:. Karol Grünberg, Bolesław Sprenger, 3412:on the rights of national minorities 3112:Bilorusets, Hanna (19 January 2020). 2681:Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 5, 1993 2457:Territorial claims of Ukraine in 1918 2185:postage stamps issued by the republic 2113:(secretary of internal affairs), and 402:• Government-in-exile dissolved 399: 389: 376: 366: 362: 7: 3162:Najnowsza historia polityczna Polski 1760:Polish-Ukrainian hostilities in Lviv 1166:Zakhidnoukrainska Narodna Respublika 1155:Західноукраїнська Народна Республіка 156:Західноукраїнська Народна Республіка 5501:Aftermath of World War I in Ukraine 4191:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 3989:Introduction to Ukrainian Philately 2968:. Cambridge University Press pg. 13 2683:entry written by Andrzej Chojnowski 2080: Ukrainian-inhabited areas of 1792:line as a future demarcation line. 18:Western Ukrainian National Republic 4686:Revolution and War of Independence 4211:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic 4206:Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic 2848:Lytvyn, Mykola Romanovych (2005). 2487:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic 2257:Treatment of the Polish population 1837:Inter-allied Commission for Poland 1560:, while the latter struggled with 25: 5546:1919 disestablishments in Ukraine 5526:States succeeding Austria-Hungary 4516:All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets 4331:Ukrainian Social Democratic Party 4196:Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic 3864:. encyclopediaofukraine.com. 1989 3817:Alexander Victor Prusin. (2005). 2445:Rail lines of Galicia before 1897 2211:Kyiv-based Ukrainian government. 2032:in Russia and the restoration of 1426:November Uprising (Lemberg, 1918) 1380:on a line from Lviv to the upper 969:Post-Soviet transition in Ukraine 27:1918–1919 state in Central Europe 5481:West Ukrainian People's Republic 5003:Ukraine–European Union relations 4859:Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine 4701:West Ukrainian People's Republic 4227:West Ukrainian People's Republic 3607:Bandera – romantyczny terrorysta 3245:could settle the nationality of 2493:1918 Russia–Ukraine negotiations 2462: 2450: 2438: 2426: 2316:Polish National Democratic Party 2309:Treatment of the Jewish minority 1999:Council of the League of Nations 1574:socialist revolutionary attitude 1519:, centred around the village of 1286:, and in January 1919 nominally 1147:West Ukrainian National Republic 1143:West Ukrainian People's Republic 1098: 899:West Ukrainian People's Republic 844:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria 590: 526: 512: 498: 484: 467:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria 459: 445: 233: 194: 180: 151:West Ukrainian People's Republic 47: 5491:Ukrainian independence movement 4507:All-Ukrainian National Congress 3898:Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopedia 3336:Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopedia 2751:Ukrainian-Polish War in Galicia 2658:McGill-Queen's University Press 2585:. M.E. Sharpe, 2003. pp.92–93. 2191:of existing stamps produced by 2028:Following the consolidation of 1877:Boryslav-Drohobychian Oil Basin 1267:, guided by varying degrees of 5541:1918 establishments in Ukraine 5511:History of Carpathian Ruthenia 5486:History of Ukraine (1918–1991) 4785:Annexation of Crimea by Russia 4642:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 4380:Polish Democratic Center Party 3972:Vasyl Markus, Matvii Stakhiv, 2121:and by its smaller rival, the 1866:) and Major Giovanni Stabile ( 1666:, Western Ukrainian president 1360:The oil reserves near Lviv at 1284:dissolution of Austria-Hungary 769:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 724:Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' 121:You may also add the template 1: 5561:History of Zakarpattia Oblast 5506:Russian Revolution in Ukraine 4395:Socialist Revolutionary Party 3984:Short mention of ZUNR history 3830:Alexander V. Prusin. (2010). 3367:(in Ukrainian). Vol. 3. 3314:www.encyclopediaofukraine.com 2603:The Reconstruction of Nations 1664:Kyiv's Directorate government 1525:Western Ukrainian Russophiles 889:Ukrainian War of Independence 5315:Intangible Cultural Heritage 4733:Eastern Front (World War II) 4718:Ukrainian National Committee 4342:Soviet of Peasants Deputies 4293:Ukrainian Socialist Parties 3365:Енциклопедія історії України 2940:Peter J. Potichnyj. (1992). 2856:Енциклопедія історії України 2693:Frank, Alison Fleig (2005). 2650:Shkandrij, Myroslav (2001). 2119:Ukrainian National Democrats 2109:(head of the armed forces), 1448:Polish Liquidation Committee 884:Ukraine after the Revolution 229:Ukraine has not yet perished 4691:Ukrainian People's Republic 4353:Soviet of Soldiers Deputies 4165:Crimean Regional Government 4137:Ukrainian People's Republic 4127:Ukrainian People's Republic 3921:University of Toronto Press 3615:Central European University 3464:, Warsaw 2005, pp. 264-265. 3340:University of Toronto Press 3260:Ukrainian People's Republic 3233:), Major Giovanni Stabile ( 3059:Christopher Gilley (2006). 2980:Myroslav Shkandrij (2009). 2523:existed from 1919 to 1923). 2517:Ukrainian People's Republic 1608:Ukrainian People's Republic 1532:Ukrainian People's Republic 1292:Ukrainian People's Republic 1215: 1203: 1177: 1165: 1024:Russian invasion of Ukraine 984:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes 894:Ukrainian People's Republic 609:Trypillian–Cucuteni culture 508:First Czechoslovak Republic 480:Ukrainian People's Republic 222: 134:Knowledge (XXG):Translation 36:Ukrainian People's Republic 5597: 5516:History of Eastern Galicia 4713:Reichskommissariat Ukraine 4391:Russian Socialist Parties 4350:Soviet of Workers Deputies 4258:Central Council of Ukraine 3158:Władysław Pobóg-Malinowski 2615:Населення Східної Галичини 2229: 1862:), Dr Robert Howard Lord ( 1713:In at attempt to stop the 1515:. On 5 December 1918, the 1423: 1340: 959:Reichskommissariat Ukraine 929:Communist Party of Ukraine 879:Ukraine during World War I 350:Ukrainian National Council 267:Partially recognized state 85:Machine translation, like 29: 5407: 5095: 5029: 4929: 4844: 4521:Labor Congress of Ukraine 4503: 4376:Polish Socialist Parties 4356:Jewish Socialist Parties 4345:Ukrainian Peasant Society 4186:Ukrainian Soviet Republic 4160:Crimean People's Republic 4120:Ukrainian national states 4096: 3572:24 September 2015 at the 3540:27 September 2011 at the 3533:Jarosław Hrycak. (1996). 3066:30 September 2007 at the 2814:Moklak, Jarosław (2012). 2793:10.1080/00905999308408278 2727:10.3138/9781442686847-010 2569:Columbia University Press 2101:, whose members included 2007:peace treaty with Austria 1918:to a border on the river 1696: No Ukrainian claims 1523:, declared independence. 1376:were few; these included 1209: 1197: 1171: 1154: 874:Modern history of Ukraine 424: 410: 363: 250: 216: 210: 176: 171: 155: 62:the corresponding article 5145:hybrid variant (2020-22) 4934:Administrative divisions 4637:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 3643:, pages 145–146, 159–160 3364: 3355: 3114: 3085:Stakhiv, Matvii (1993). 2855: 2850: 2699:Harvard University Press 2634:"Entry Display Web Page" 2601:Timothy Snyder. (2003). 2563:Armstrong, John (1963). 2511:It was later a disputed 739:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 734:Principality of Moldavia 30:Not to be confused with 4780:2014 pro-Russian unrest 4336:Ukrainian Radical Party 4242:Kuban People's Republic 4153:Crimean national states 4106:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 3994:31 January 2010 at the 3563:Oleh Pavlyshyn (2000). 3462:Difficult Neighbourhood 3204:5 February 2012 at the 3091:Encyclopedia of Ukraine 2891:Palij, Michael (1995). 2762:Encyclopedia of Ukraine 2620:31 October 2010 at the 2481:Ukrainian Galician Army 2123:Ukrainian Radical Party 1938:Petliura's leadership. 1902:Treaty of Warsaw (1920) 1888:Ukrainian Galician Army 1854:) as chairman, Colonel 1719:Marie Joseph Barthélemy 1657:Ukrainian Galician Army 1653:Ukrainian People's Army 1579:Ukrainian People's Army 1554:Ukrainian Galician Army 1495:, an association of 30 1432:Ukrainian National Rada 1400:, and a line along the 1273:Ukrainian Radical Party 944:Ukraine in World War II 223:Shche ne vmerla Ukrainy 132:For more guidance, see 5385:Immigration to Ukraine 5059:Science and technology 5008:Ukraine–NATO relations 4385:Polish Socialist Party 4201:Odessa Soviet Republic 3843:Aharon Weiss. (1990). 3750:Galuba, Rafał (2004). 3426:Council of Ambassadors 3334:Kubijovic, V. (1963). 3243:Paris Peace Conference 3227:Adrian Carton de Wiart 2403:Austro-Hungarian crown 2386:Directorate of Ukraine 2180: 2086: 2044:over the territory of 2042:Second Polish Republic 1995:Council of Ambassadors 1983:Second Polish Republic 1979:Paris Peace Conference 1959:Council of Ambassadors 1951:Paris Peace Conference 1856:Adrian Carton de Wiart 1829:Paris Peace Conference 1710: 1708: No Polish claims 1545:, however. During the 1499:villages based around 1277:Christian Social Party 914:Directorate of Ukraine 494:Second Polish Republic 5496:Ukrainian nationalism 4795:2022 Russian invasion 4763:Revolution of Dignity 4440:Volodymyr Vynnychenko 4309:Socialists-Sovereigns 4237:Kholodny Yar Republic 3896:Kubijovic, V. (Ed.), 3199:The Rebirth of Poland 2924:Anna Procyk. (1995). 2565:Ukrainian Nationalism 2333:Polish pogrom in Lviv 2230:Further information: 2220:Ukrainian governments 2171: 2075: 1989:on 25 June 1919. The 1928:Volhynian Governorate 1686: 1619:Kyiv-based government 1450:was to transfer from 1341:Further information: 296:Common languages 105:copyright attribution 5166:Freedom of the press 4903:World Heritage Sites 4898:Islands and sandbars 4671:Pereiaslav Agreement 4654:Zaporozhian Cossacks 4622:Principality of Kiev 4273:Constituent Assembly 3949:A History of Ukraine 3559:18 June 2007 at the 3392:|trans-website= 3239:Polish-Ukrainian War 2780:Nationalities Papers 2775:Magocsi, Paul Robert 2183:Of the 100 types of 2115:Oleksander Barvinsky 2034:non-Bolshevik Russia 1985:on the territory of 1797:Kamionka Strumiłłowa 1715:Polish-Ukrainian War 1558:conflict with Poland 1547:Polish-Ukrainian War 1517:Lemko-Rusyn Republic 1472:National Republic. 1343:Polish–Ukrainian War 1312:alliance with Poland 1265:legislative assembly 789:Khmelnytsky Uprising 757:Early modern history 709:Principality of Kiev 217:Ще не вмерла України 5453: / 4770:Russo-Ukrainian War 4445:Vsevolod Holubovych 4435:Mykhailo Hrushevsky 3945:Paul Robert Magocsi 3456:Yevhen Petrushevich 3310:"Warsaw, Treaty of" 3039:Paul Robert Magocsi 2701:. pp. 207–228. 2521:Government-in-exile 2341:Yevhen Petrushevych 2320:Polish independence 2187:, all but two were 2141:'s, mostly in law. 2091:Yevhen Petrushevych 1817:Eastern Carpathians 1717:, a French general 1702: Disputed Area 1615:Kamianets-Podilskyi 1590:Exile and diplomacy 1257:Carpathian Ruthenia 994:Russo-Ukrainian War 854:Carpathian Ruthenia 654:Chernyakhov culture 369:• Established 5130:Swine flu pandemic 5064:Telecommunications 4854:Biosphere reserves 4743:Chernobyl disaster 4470:Volodymyr Zatonsky 4455:Pavlo Skoropadskyi 3911:Ukraine: A History 3429:. Raphael Galuba, 3249:. The position of 2756:2012-10-12 at the 2653:Russia And Ukraine 2264:summary executions 2181: 2087: 1767:Franchet d'Esperey 1711: 1600:Ukrajinská brigáda 1535:on 22 January 1919 1105:Ukraine portal 1047:Historical regions 649:Zarubintsy culture 522:Kingdom of Romania 113:interlanguage link 5457:50.450°N 30.500°E 5436: 5435: 5403: 5402: 5178:Human trafficking 5136:COVID-19 pandemic 5110:Gender inequality 5082: 5081: 5016: 5015: 4974:Political parties 4964:Foreign relations 4916: 4915: 4831: 4830: 4753:Orange Revolution 4738:Volhynia massacre 4529: 4528: 4460:Noman Çelebicihan 4287:Political parties 4220:Other territories 4145: 4053:978-966-2067-72-9 4040:978-966-2067-65-1 4027:978-966-2067-61-3 4014:978-966-2067-44-6 3384:cite encyclopedia 3210:Anna M. Cienciala 2591:978-0-7656-0665-5 2581:Piotr Eberhardt. 2571:. pp. 18–19. 2513:autonomous region 2407:Ukrainian hryvnia 2303:Andrey Sheptytsky 2275:Ignacy Paderewski 2127:priestly families 2099:State Secretariat 1963:League of Nations 1945:Autonomous status 1932:Kholm Governorate 1627:Kyiv government's 1513:Polish government 1493:Komancza Republic 1163: 1139: 1138: 1036:Topics by history 1019:COVID-19 pandemic 979:Orange Revolution 954:Volhynia genocide 839:Habsburg monarchy 799:Cossack Hetmanate 564: 563: 538: 537: 534: 533: 472: 471: 243: 145: 144: 74: 70: 16:(Redirected from 5588: 5521:Former republics 5468: 5467: 5465: 5464: 5463: 5458: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5449: 5446: 5416: 5358:Ukrainian people 5093: 5039: 5027: 4927: 4871:Populated places 4842: 4647:Kiev Voivodeship 4632:Galicia–Volhynia 4577: 4556: 4549: 4542: 4533: 4495:Maria Nikiforova 4475:Georgiy Pyatakov 4465:Yukhym Medvediev 4302:independent left 4139: 4082: 4075: 4068: 4059: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3915:(3rd ed.). 3914: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3858: 3852: 3841: 3835: 3828: 3822: 3815: 3792: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3776: 3768: 3747: 3741: 3737: 3731: 3728: 3722: 3715: 3709: 3706: 3700: 3697: 3688: 3685: 3679: 3676: 3663: 3660: 3654: 3650: 3644: 3633: 3627: 3624: 3618: 3604: 3598: 3595: 3589: 3586: 3577: 3551: 3545: 3531: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3492: 3486: 3471: 3465: 3450: 3444: 3406: 3400: 3399: 3393: 3389: 3387: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3306: 3300: 3289: 3283: 3219: 3213: 3196: 3190: 3183:Michael Lozynsky 3179: 3173: 3155: 3149: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3109: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3082: 3071: 3057: 3046: 3036: 3030: 3024: 3018: 3015: 3009: 3003: 2997: 2991: 2985: 2978: 2969: 2959: 2953: 2946:Lonhyn Tsehelsky 2938: 2929: 2922: 2913: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2888: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2845: 2839: 2838: 2822: 2811: 2805: 2804: 2771: 2765: 2749:A. Chojnowski. " 2747: 2741: 2740: 2712: 2703: 2702: 2697:. Cambridge MA: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2647: 2638: 2637: 2630: 2624: 2612: 2606: 2599: 2593: 2579: 2573: 2572: 2560: 2554: 2550: 2533: 2530: 2524: 2509: 2466: 2454: 2442: 2430: 2329:Yiddish-language 2298:Józef Bilczewski 2238:Yaroslav Hrytsak 2111:Lonhyn Tsehelsky 2095:Austro-Hungarian 2079: 2054:Sydir Holubovych 1916:Treaty of Warsaw 1885: 1872:truce convention 1845: 1787: 1738: 1727: 1707: 1701: 1695: 1631:Soviet 12th Army 1572:looked upon the 1464:popular uprising 1460:Austro-Hungarian 1325:of the ZUNR was 1263:) dominated the 1218: 1212: 1211: 1206: 1200: 1199: 1182: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1158: 1156: 1131: 1124: 1117: 1103: 1102: 1101: 1067:Economic history 974:Cassette Scandal 779:Zaporozhian Host 773:Kiev Voivodeship 679:Early East Slavs 639:Bosporan Kingdom 619:Catacomb culture 594: 584: 566: 530: 529: 516: 515: 502: 501: 488: 487: 476: 475: 463: 462: 449: 448: 442: 441: 426: 425: 255: 245: 244: 225: 219: 218: 198: 184: 166: 158: 157: 147: 124: 118: 91:Google Translate 72: 68: 51: 50: 43: 21: 5596: 5595: 5591: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5586: 5585: 5536:1919 in Ukraine 5531:1918 in Ukraine 5471: 5470: 5461: 5459: 5455: 5452: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5432: 5419: 5412: 5399: 5344: 5259:Cultural icons 5202: 5078: 5049:Stock exchanges 5037: 5012: 4996:Law enforcement 4912: 4866:Nature reserves 4827: 4801: 4696:Ukrainian State 4627:Mongol invasion 4566: 4560: 4530: 4525: 4499: 4423: 4282: 4246: 4215: 4169: 4148: 4132:Ukrainian State 4115: 4092: 4086: 3996:Wayback Machine 3969: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3905:Subtelny, Orest 3903: 3883: 3878: 3877: 3867: 3865: 3860: 3859: 3855: 3842: 3838: 3829: 3825: 3816: 3795: 3790: 3786: 3769: 3762: 3749: 3748: 3744: 3738: 3734: 3729: 3725: 3716: 3712: 3707: 3703: 3698: 3691: 3686: 3682: 3677: 3666: 3661: 3657: 3651: 3647: 3634: 3630: 3625: 3621: 3611:Gazeta Wyborcza 3605: 3601: 3596: 3592: 3587: 3580: 3574:Wayback Machine 3561:Wayback Machine 3552: 3548: 3542:Wayback Machine 3532: 3519: 3511: 3507: 3493: 3489: 3472: 3468: 3451: 3447: 3435:, Poznań 2004, 3407: 3403: 3390: 3380: 3373: 3371: 3366: 3357: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3333: 3332: 3328: 3318: 3316: 3308: 3307: 3303: 3290: 3286: 3274:, Poznań 2004, 3264:Unification Act 3247:Eastern Galicia 3220: 3216: 3206:Wayback Machine 3197: 3193: 3180: 3176: 3156: 3152: 3139: 3135: 3125: 3123: 3116: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3096: 3094: 3084: 3083: 3074: 3068:Wayback Machine 3058: 3049: 3037: 3033: 3025: 3021: 3016: 3012: 3004: 3000: 2992: 2988: 2979: 2972: 2960: 2956: 2939: 2932: 2923: 2916: 2904: 2900: 2890: 2889: 2878: 2868: 2866: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2846: 2842: 2831: 2820: 2813: 2812: 2808: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2758:Wayback Machine 2748: 2744: 2737: 2714: 2713: 2706: 2692: 2691: 2687: 2679: 2675: 2668: 2660:. p. 206. 2649: 2648: 2641: 2632: 2631: 2627: 2622:Wayback Machine 2613: 2609: 2600: 2596: 2580: 2576: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2551: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2536: 2531: 2527: 2510: 2506: 2501: 2477: 2470: 2467: 2458: 2455: 2446: 2443: 2434: 2431: 2422: 2399: 2394: 2311: 2259: 2234: 2228: 2197:Austria-Hungary 2154:Ivano-Frankivsk 2107:Dmytro Vitovsky 2085: 2082:Austria-Hungary 2077: 2070: 2046:Eastern Galicia 1987:Eastern Galicia 1975: 1955:Eastern Galicia 1947: 1908:Józef Piłsudski 1906:In April 1920, 1904: 1879: 1839: 1781: 1732: 1730:Barthelemy Line 1721: 1709: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1697: 1693: 1689:Eastern Galicia 1681: 1679:Barthelemy Line 1592: 1428: 1422: 1388:on a line from 1350: 1345: 1339: 1247:and right-bank 1221:Eastern Galicia 1135: 1099: 1097: 1092: 1091: 1042:Name of Ukraine 1037: 1029: 1028: 904:Ukrainian State 869: 859: 858: 809:Sloboda Ukraine 759: 749: 748: 744:Crimean Khanate 714:Kingdom of Rus' 674: 664: 663: 614:Yamnaya culture 604: 582: 575: 527: 513: 499: 485: 460: 453:Austria-Hungary 446: 403: 393: 386:22 January 1919 383: 373:1 November 1918 370: 333: 331: 326: 321: 258: 246: 234: 226: 220: 206: 205: 204: 199: 191: 190: 185: 167: 160: 152: 141: 140: 139: 122: 116: 75: 52: 48: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5594: 5592: 5584: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5473: 5472: 5462:50.450; 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The 2507: 2411: 2400: 2382: 2349: 2346: 2337: 2325: 2312: 2295: 2291: 2279: 2272: 2269: 2260: 2243:fifth column 2235: 2217: 2213: 2205: 2182: 2179:stamp (1919) 2143: 2088: 2051: 2030:Soviet power 2027: 2023:White Russia 1976: 1967: 1948: 1940: 1924:Zbruch River 1905: 1892: 1833: 1794: 1764: 1749: 1712: 1668:Petrushevych 1661: 1612: 1599: 1593: 1584: 1570: 1551: 1543:symbolic act 1529: 1505:Lemko Region 1490: 1474: 1429: 1386:Pidvolochysk 1359: 1351: 1323:coat of arms 1320: 1281: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1178: 1146: 1142: 1140: 1077:Shipbuilding 1057:Christianity 924:Soviet Union 898: 729:Golden Horde 435:Succeeded by 434: 429: 396:16 July 1919 211: 202:Coat of arms 109:edit summary 100: 67: 64:in Ukrainian 59: 40: 5460: / 5363:Rus' people 5226:Kievan Rus' 4617:Kievan Rus' 4602:Early Slavs 4370:Poalei Zion 4268:Directorate 4251:Parliaments 4142:Directorate 4091:(1917–1920) 3338:. 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(2002). 2908:, p. 2869:21 January 2540:References 2236:Historian 2189:overprints 2068:Government 2019:plebiscite 1424:See also: 1410:Chernivtsi 1382:Styr River 1348:Background 1296:autonomous 1087:Television 1082:Technology 989:Euromaidan 834:New Russia 814:Right bank 602:Prehistory 338:Government 332:1.3% other 5216:Animation 5183:Languages 5132:(2009-10) 5100:Education 5074:Transport 4986:Judiciary 4979:Elections 4949:President 4888:Mountains 4837:Geography 4728:Holodomor 4664:Hetmanate 4587:Scythians 4111:Act Zluky 3773:cite book 3443:, p. 284. 3394:ignored ( 3266:) by the 2801:154943090 2247:Ukrainian 2173:Overprint 2158:Ukrainian 1895:armistice 1805:Mikołajów 1509:Ukrainian 1478:Peremyshl 1469:Drohobych 1462:Empire a 1394:Proskurov 1362:Drohobych 1290:with the 1249:Peremyshl 1237:Drohobych 1160:romanized 1151:Ukrainian 997:(outline) 964:Chernobyl 934:Holodomor 804:Left bank 684:Onoghuria 381:Act Zluky 314:Religion 300:Ukrainian 172:1918–1919 163:Ukrainian 127:talk page 5423:Category 5390:Censuses 5378:Refugees 5373:Diaspora 5310:Holidays 5305:Folklore 5198:Religion 5155:problems 5125:HIV/AIDS 5120:Abortion 4969:Military 4922:Politics 4908:Wildlife 4823:Military 4818:Economic 4806:By topic 4485:Béla Kun 4365:The Bund 4140:(led by 3992:Archived 3907:(2000). 3570:Archived 3557:Archived 3538:Archived 3363:]. 3202:Archived 3064:Archived 2964:(1997). 2754:Archived 2618:Archived 2475:See also 2397:Currency 2378:Zionists 2370:Radekhiv 2362:Kolomyia 2354:Ternopil 2350:en masse 2150:Ternopil 2015:autonomy 1825:Lavochne 1673:Petliura 1568:forces. 1521:Florynka 1501:Komańcza 1486:Yaroslav 1444:Bukovina 1414:Bukovina 1406:Kolomyia 1390:Ternopil 1366:Boryslav 1314:against 1298:Western 1275:and the 1255:and the 1253:Bukovyna 1241:Boryslav 1233:Kolomyia 1229:Ternopil 1011:timeline 849:Bukovina 794:The Ruin 764:Cossacks 644:Sarmatia 624:Cimmeria 572:a series 570:Part of 555:Slovakia 415:Currency 341:Republic 282:Ternopil 103:provide 5448:30°30′E 5445:50°27′N 5414:Outline 5288:Rushnyk 5283:Pysanka 5268:Borscht 5263:Bandura 5248:Cuisine 5231:Baroque 5208:Culture 5153:suicide 5088:Society 5069:Tourism 5044:Banking 5035:Hryvnia 5022:Economy 4775:Outline 4681:Galicia 4572:History 4563:Ukraine 3917:Toronto 3881:Sources 3868:18 June 3282:p. 108. 3268:Entente 3212:, 2004. 3126:14 July 2515:of the 2420:Gallery 2414:Notgeld 2392:Economy 2283:typhoid 2193:Austria 2135:farmers 2084:in 1911 2040:of the 2011:mandate 1991:Entente 1961:at the 1752:Entente 1687:Map of 1566:Russian 1440:Galicia 1398:Podolia 1374:Romania 1337:History 1183:, also 1162:: 1062:Judaism 1052:Banking 719:Cumania 699:Khazars 634:Scythia 629:Taurica 583:Ukraine 559:Romania 547:Ukraine 379:• 356:History 308:Yiddish 274:Capital 212:Anthem: 125:to the 107:in the 66:. 5428:Portal 5278:Kobzar 5243:Cinema 5149:Murder 5115:Health 5054:Energy 4883:Rivers 4876:Cities 4612:Kuyaba 4051: 4038: 4025: 4012: 3955: 3936:22 May 3927: 3758: 3639: 3503:text). 3481: 3439: 3374:23 May 3295: 3278: 3168: 3144: 3097:20 May 2950:holota 2827: 2799: 2733: 2664: 2589: 2366:Sambir 2360:, and 2201:Bosnia 2177:heller 2162:Polish 2078: 2058:Vienna 1936:otaman 1920:Zbruch 1852:France 1819:. The 1801:Bóbrka 1771:Kraków 1747:army. 1741:Polish 1706: 1700: 1694: 1562:Soviet 1539:Oblast 1482:Sambir 1452:Kraków 1304:Poland 1300:Oblast 1288:united 1216:ZO UNR 1210:ЗО УНР 819:Danube 574:on the 551:Poland 359: 329:Jewish 322:27.8% 317:58.9% 304:Polish 263:Status 214: 159: 5395:Women 5340:Sport 5335:Opera 5330:Music 5325:Media 5300:Dance 5273:Kazka 5140:Delta 4597:Goths 4297:USDLP 3653:95-96 3359:[ 3235:Italy 3148:p.99. 2858:[ 2821:(PDF) 2797:S2CID 2499:Notes 2287:Kosiv 2175:five- 2139:Ph.D. 1884:] 1868:Italy 1844:] 1821:Stryi 1813:Stryi 1786:] 1779:Świca 1737:] 1726:] 1604:Czech 1497:Lemko 1436:diets 1404:from 1378:Brody 1327:azure 1308:exile 419:Krone 87:DeepL 5253:Wine 5238:Arts 5171:LGBT 5151:and 5143:cron 5138:and 4944:Flag 4659:Sich 4400:Left 4319:UPSR 4314:UPSF 4049:ISBN 4036:ISBN 4023:ISBN 4010:ISBN 3953:ISBN 3938:2021 3925:ISBN 3870:2017 3779:link 3756:ISBN 3637:ISBN 3479:ISBN 3437:ISBN 3396:help 3376:2021 3321:2019 3293:ISBN 3276:ISBN 3166:ISBN 3142:ISBN 3128:2022 3099:2021 2871:2021 2825:ISBN 2731:ISBN 2662:ISBN 2587:ISBN 2368:and 2249:the 2160:and 2146:Lviv 1977:The 1910:and 1809:Lviv 1743:and 1564:and 1484:and 1456:Lviv 1442:and 1402:Prut 1364:and 1355:Lviv 1329:, a 1321:The 1225:Lviv 1189:WUPR 1185:WUNR 1179:ZUNR 1172:ЗУНР 1141:The 783:Sich 288:and 278:Lviv 188:Flag 101:must 99:You 80:View 4991:Law 2910:362 2789:doi 2723:doi 2199:or 2056:in 1790:San 1775:Bug 1641:'s 1454:to 1438:in 1412:in 1408:to 1396:in 1392:to 1207:or 1187:or 1145:or 327:4% 89:or 34:or 5477:: 3947:, 3923:. 3919:: 3889:, 3796:^ 3775:}} 3771:{{ 3764:. 3740:70 3692:^ 3667:^ 3581:^ 3520:^ 3388:: 3386:}} 3382:{{ 3312:. 3231:UK 3160:, 3118:. 3089:. 3075:^ 3050:^ 2973:^ 2933:^ 2917:^ 2879:^ 2833:. 2795:. 2785:21 2783:. 2729:. 2707:^ 2656:. 2642:^ 2409:. 2356:, 2203:. 2195:, 2064:. 1997:, 1965:. 1930:, 1882:pl 1860:UK 1842:pl 1831:. 1784:pl 1735:pl 1724:de 1480:, 1416:. 1384:, 1302:. 1279:. 1243:, 1239:, 1235:, 1231:, 1227:, 1213:, 1201:, 1175:, 1157:, 1153:: 557:, 553:, 549:, 306:, 302:, 284:, 4555:e 4548:t 4541:v 4144:) 4081:e 4074:t 4067:v 3959:. 3940:. 3872:. 3781:) 3494:' 3398:) 3378:. 3342:. 3323:. 3229:( 3130:. 3101:. 2912:. 2873:. 2803:. 2791:: 2739:. 2725:: 2670:. 2636:. 1858:( 1823:- 1811:- 1777:- 1602:( 1195:( 1149:( 1130:e 1123:t 1116:v 1013:) 1009:( 785:) 781:( 775:) 771:( 231:" 227:" 165:) 161:( 136:. 129:. 38:. 20:)

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