248:, a mature glochidium is equipped with a pair of interlocking 'larval teeth' on opposing valves; the shell is translucent brown in colour and has a single adductor muscle and shell length, on average, is 306-309 Ξm. Mature glochidia are released from females during spring on strands of mucus while still encased in their vitelline membranes (a proteinaceous 'egg sac'),. Shortly after release, they hatch from their vitelline membranes and begin characteristically 'winking' in preparation to attach to a passing fish,. Once contact is made with a fish, the glochidia attach to the fishes' body surfaces including areas of the fins, eye, mouth, opercula, and sometimes the gills,. Following attachment to their host fish, the glochidia are encased by epithelial cells, which forms a cyst,. They remain in the cyst for 21â28 days as the undergo a process of metamorphosis and develop into juvenile freshwater mussels (characterised by the disappearance of the single adductor muscle and the formation of two separate adductor muscles and a ciliated foot, among other features) when they then detach from their host and begin life in the sediments, where they develop into their adult form,.
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generally has separate sexes (males and females), but hermaphrodites occur occasionally. Gametes (sperm in males or eggs in females) develop in the gonads and, with the onset of spawning, eggs migrate from the female gonads (ovaries) into specialised areas of the gills known as 'marsupia'. At this
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reaches sexual maturity at a size of 25â30 mm long at 2â3 years of age. Growth slows as they age and the maximum recorded size for the species is 101 mm long, but are typically less than 90 mm long. Age-at-length and growth rates are variable between populations, but for the
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populations which have been validated, maximum ages range between 40 and 50 years old and ages of individuals of the same size from different populations can vary by as much as 10 years.
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471:"Glochidia ecology in wild fish populations and laboratory determination of competent host fishes for an endemic freshwater mussel of south-western Australia"
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McMichael, D.F.; Hiscock, I.D. (28 January 1958). "A monograph of the freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Pelecypoda) of the
Australian Region".
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are the same size as glochidia immediately after detachment from their host, but grow rapidly and develop for several years thereafter.
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Glochidia of most species of freshwater mussels are obligate parasites of fishes, but sometimes amphibians. In
236:(and other species of Hyriidae) are brooded to become embryos, which develop into larvae, known as 'glochidia'.
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367:. Perth, Western Australia: SERCUL and Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit (Murdoch University).
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Morgan, D.L.; Beatty, S.J.; Klunzinger, M.W.; Allen, M.G. & Burnham, Q.F. (2011).
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Klunzinger, M.W.; Beatty, S.J.; Morgan, D.L.; Thomson, G.J.; Lymbery, A.J. (2012).
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Freshwater Mussel
Ecology: A Multifactor Approach to Distribution and Abundance
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Iredale 1934, an endemic freshwater mussel of south-western
Australia
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Freshwater Fishes, Crayfishes and
Mussels of South-western Australia
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Australian
Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
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439:. London, England: University of California Press.
413:Ecology, life history and conservation status of
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232:stage, females are 'gravid'. Fertilised eggs of
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521:The western Australia Mussel Watch website
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216:. This is the only species of the genus
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296:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
285:Klunzinger, M.; Walker, KF (2020).
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212:. It is known by the common name
741:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
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411:Klunzinger, Michael W. (2013).
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756:Vulnerable fauna of Australia
475:Australian Journal of Zoology
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766:Endemic fauna of Australia
761:Molluscs described in 1934
435:Strayer, David L. (2008).
214:Carter's freshwater mussel
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63:Scientific classification
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303:: e.T23073A177343151.
751:Bivalves of Australia
220:found in Australia.
588:westralunio-carteri
575:Westralunio_carteri
546:Westralunio carteri
415:Westralunio carteri
289:Westralunio carteri
262:Westralunio carteri
258:Westralunio carteri
246:Westralunio carteri
234:Westralunio carteri
229:Westralunio carteri
190:Westralunio carteri
172:Westralunio carteri
33:Conservation status
25:Westralunio carteri
252:Post-larval growth
16:Species of bivalve
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700:Open Tree of Life
538:Taxon identifiers
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635:iNaturalist
316:13 November
218:Westralunio
208:to Western
141:Westralunio
735:Categories
269:References
195:freshwater
48:Vulnerable
256:Juvenile
210:Australia
148:Species:
86:Kingdom:
80:Eukaryota
746:Hyriidae
653:10887421
561:Q5420589
555:Wikidata
505:55906695
204:. It is
202:Hyriidae
130:Hyriidae
126:Family:
120:Unionida
110:Bivalvia
100:Mollusca
96:Phylum:
90:Animalia
76:Domain:
53:IUCN 3.1
718:1306782
705:2851745
692:1615861
627:4593099
206:endemic
179:Iredale
136:Genus:
116:Order:
106:Class:
51: (
666:983961
640:115023
601:717799
583:ARKive
503:
443:
371:
198:mussel
181:, 1934
713:WoRMS
679:23073
648:IRMNG
614:5BXV7
501:S2CID
687:NCBI
674:IUCN
661:ITIS
622:GBIF
596:BOLD
441:ISBN
369:ISBN
318:2021
301:2020
609:CoL
570:AFD
491:hdl
483:doi
344:doi
305:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
