1046:
deceased getting attention, sympathy, and concern that they never got in life. A second possible factor is that vulnerable youth may feel, "If they couldn't cut it, neither can I". An increased rate of suicides has been shown to occur up to ten days after a television report. Studies in Japan and
Germany have replicated findings of an imitative effect. Etzersdorfer et al. in an Austrian study showed a strong correlation between the number of papers distributed in various areas and the number of subsequent firearm suicides in each area after a related media report. Higher rates of copycat suicides have been found in those with similarities in race, age, and gender to the deceased in the original report. However, a study from South Korea found that preventative measures restricting how the news reports on suicide do not have much effect, possibly suggesting some other causal factor is at play for changing suicide rates.
1123:) to a more moderate, "In cases of suicide, publishing or broadcasting information in an exaggerated way that goes beyond normal dimensions of reporting with the purpose of influencing readers or spectators should not occur." University of London psychologist Alex Mesoudi recommends that reporters follow the sort of guidelines the World Health Organization and others endorse for coverage of any suicide: use extreme restraint in covering these deaths—keep the word "suicide" out of the headline, don't romanticize the death, and limit the number of stories. "Photography, pictures, visual images or film depicting such cases should not be made public" (
1111:, developed a computer model of a community of 1000 people, to examine how copycat suicides occur. These were divided into 100 groups of 10, in a model designed to represent different levels of social organization, such as schools or hospitals within a town or state. Mesoudi then circulated the simulation through 100 generations. He found the simulated people acted just as sociologists' theory predicted. They were more likely to die by suicide in clusters, either because they had learned this trait from their friends, or because suicidal people are more likely to be like one another.
31:
1143:(ASNE), has been quoted as saying, "Industry codes are very generic and totally voluntary. Most ethical decisions are left to individual editors at individual papers. The industry would fight any attempt to create more specific rules or standards, and editors would no doubt ignore them." Guidelines on the reporting of suicides in Ireland were introduced with attempt to remove any positive connotations the act might have (e.g. using the term "completed" rather than "successful" when describing a suicide attempt which resulted in a death).
1103:, goes beyond the theories of glorification and simplification of reasons to look at why copycat suicides are so similar, demographically and in actual methods, to the originally publicized suicide. In the social proof model, people imitate those who seem similar, despite or even because of societal disapproval. This model is important because it has nearly opposite ramifications for what the media ought to do about the copycat suicide effect than the standard model does. To deal with this problem,
1171:
and students to find ways to collaborate to ensure that suicide, mental health and mental illness are responsibly covered in the media and provides information on reporting on mental health and suicidal behavior, literature and daily analysis of news stories. Headline also serves as a vehicle for the public to become involved in helping to monitor the Irish media on issues relating to mental health and suicide.
994:). Soon after its publication in 1774, young men began to mimic the main character by dressing in yellow pants and blue jackets. In the novel, Werther shoots himself with a pistol after he is rejected by the woman he loves, and shortly after its publication there were reports of young men using the same method to kill themselves in acts of hopelessness.
1300:
923:
1314:
1042:
or demographic is to die by suicide. The increase generally happens only in areas where the suicide story was highly publicized. Upon learning of someone else's suicide, some people decide that action may be appropriate for them as well, especially if the publicized suicide was of someone in a situation similar to their own.
1195:
If a novel or news can induce self-harm, then it must be assumed that those narratives might have a positive effect on prevention. There is more research into the damage done by "irresponsible media reports" than into the protective effects of positive stories, but when newspapers refuse to publicize
1170:
Headline is
Ireland's media monitoring programme for suicide and mental health issues, set up by Shine and the Health Service Executives National Office for Suicide Prevention as part of the program Reach Out: National Strategy for action on Suicide Prevention. Headline works with media professionals
1204:
An example occurred in Vienna, Austria where the media reporting increased dramatically the number of copycat suicides. Reduction began when a working group of the
Austrian Association for Suicide Prevention developed media guidelines and initiated discussions with the media which culminated with an
1037:
Copycat suicide is mostly blamed on the media. A study conducted in 2002 found evidence that "the influence of media on suicidal behaviour has been shown for newspaper and television reports of actual suicides, film and television portrayals of suicides, and suicide in literature, especially suicide
941:
that the person attempting suicide knows about either from local knowledge or due to accounts or depictions of the original suicide on television and in other media. The publicized suicide serves as a trigger, in the absence of protective factors, for the next suicide by a susceptible or suggestible
1263:
which chronicled a fictional teen's suicide was associated with an increase in suicide related
Internet searches, including a 26% increase in searches for "how to commit suicide", an 18% increase for "commit suicide" and 9% increase for "how to kill yourself". On May 29, 2019, research published in
1041:
The
Werther effect not only predicts an increase in suicide, but the majority of the suicides will take place in the same or a similar way as the one publicized. The more similar the person in the publicized suicide is to the people exposed to the information about it, the more likely the age group
1049:
Stack analyzed the results from 42 studies and found that those measuring the effect of a celebrity suicide story were 14.3 times more likely to find a copycat effect than studies that did not. Studies based on a real as opposed to a fictional story were 4.03 times more likely to uncover a copycat
1045:
Publishing the means of suicides, romanticized and sensationalized reporting—particularly about celebrities, suggestions that there is an epidemic, glorifying the deceased and simplifying the reasons all lead to increases in the suicide rate. People may see suicide as a glamorous ending, with the
1019:
According to research study results from South Korea, the probability of suicide significantly increased between 2005 and 2008. Additionally, substantial upsurges were discovered in the subgroups that corresponded to each celebrity, particularly in the group when all variables (sex, age, and
1067:
has critiqued research on copycat suicides, suggesting that data analyses have been selective and misleading and that the evidence for copycat suicides is much less consistent than suggested by some researchers. Additionally, a review by Cheng and colleagues finds that most research on the
1050:
effect and research based on televised stories was 82% less likely to report a copycat effect than research based on newspapers. Other scholars have been less certain about whether copycat suicides truly happen or are selectively hyped. For instance, fears of a suicide wave following the
1038:
manuals." "Hearing about a suicide seems to make those who are vulnerable feel they have permission to do it," Phillips said. He cited studies that showed that people were more likely to engage in dangerous deviant behavior, such as drug taking, if someone else had set the example first.
3375:(Aim of the IASP Special Interest Group (SIG) on Clusters and Contagion in Suicidal Behaviour is to bring together interested people in research, prevention and policy, who can share information and expertise in clusters and contagion effects in suicidal behaviour worldwide).
1062:
Furthermore, there is evidence for an indirect
Werther effect, i.e. the perception that suicidal media content influences others which, in turn, can concurrently or additionally influence one person's own future thoughts and behaviors. Similarly, the researcher
1028:
These suicidal actions tend to happen in the days and sometimes weeks after a suicide is announced. In exceptional cases, such as a widely discussed suicide by a celebrity, an increased level of thinking about suicide may persist for up to one year.
1283:
emphasized the claim of causality in media-effect cannot be considered conclusive because of different methodological approaches and disciplinary perspective. Even if it is accepted that media can have an effect on suicidal ideation, it is not a
1158:
Australia is one of the few countries where there is a concerted effort to teach journalism students about this subject being made. In the 2000s, the
Mindframe national media initiative followed an ambivalent response by the
1058:
area focused largely on treatment for mental health issues, suicide prevention and the suffering Cobain's death caused to his family. Perhaps as a result, the local suicide rate actually declined in the following months.
2276:
Sullivan, G. (2007). Should
Suicide Be Reported in the Media? A Critique of Research. Remember me: Constructing immortality—Beliefs on immortality, life and death (pp. 149–58). New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis
997:
This resulted in the book being banned in several places. Hence the term "Werther effect", is used in the technical literature to designate copycat suicides. The term was coined by researcher David
Phillips in 1974.
3919:
3690:
245:
4331:
1288:
to drive people to commit suicide; the effects that media can have on suicidal behaviour are certainly less important than individual psychological and social risk factors.
1163:
to an earlier media resource kit issued by
Suicide Prevention Australia and the Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention. The UK-based media ethics charity
2242:
Scherr, S.; Reinemann, C. (2011). "Belief in a Werther effect. Third-Person effects in the perceptions of suicide risk for others and the moderating role of depression".
1072:
argues that media effects research as a whole has many flaws, and needs serious evaluation as a field before additional interpretations can be drawn from such research.
1009:
People who are young or old – but not middle-aged – seem to be most susceptible to this effect. At least five percent of youth suicides may be influenced by contagion.
4837:
2763:
Niederkrotenthaler, Thomas; Voracek, Martin; Herberth, Arno; Till, Benedikt; Strauss, Markus; Etzersdorfer, Elmar; Eisenwort, Brigitte; Sonneck, Gernot (2010).
1924:
Phillips, David P. (May 1982). "The Impact of Fictional Television Stories on U.S. Adult Fatalities: New Evidence on the Effect of the Mass Media on Violence".
1119:
Various countries have national journalism codes which range from one extreme of, "Suicide and attempted suicide should in general never be given any mention" (
3122:
Ferguson, Christopher J. (2020-05-05). "One Less Reason Why: Viewing of Suicide-Themed Fictional Media is Associated with Lower Depressive Symptoms in Youth".
3071:
Niederkrotenthaler, Thomas; Stack, Steven; Till, Benedikt; Sinyor, Mark; Pirkis, Jane; Garcia, David; Rockett, Ian R. H.; Tran, Ulrich S. (September 1, 2019).
1174:
Studies suggest that the risk of suicide fell significantly when media outlets began following recommendations for suicide reporting in the late 20th century.
4262:
3413:
2645:
978:
are clusters of suicides in time but not space, and have been linked to the broadcasting of information concerning celebrity suicides via the mass media.
2713:
2652:
4321:
1182:
The Papageno effect is the effect that mass media can have by presenting non-suicide alternatives to crises. It is named after a lovelorn character,
909:
4316:
3449:
3368:
646:
3702:
966:
Suicides occasionally spread through a school system, through a community, or in terms of a celebrity suicide wave, nationally. This is called a
4326:
4299:
866:
3405:
1001:
Reports in 1985 and 1989 by Phillips and his colleagues found that suicides and other accidents seem to rise after a well-publicized suicide.
4311:
3383:(Article that discusses how the sensational coverage of violent events tends to provoke similar events and the journalistic ethics involved).
3219:
2988:
1603:
4825:
4376:
4336:
3924:
1900:"Experts Fear Copycat Suicides After Bullying Cases. Experts fear a spate of copycat suicides after bullying cases grab national headlines"
459:
3004:
2812:
Etzersdorfer, Elmar; Sonneck, Gernot (1998). "Preventing suicide by influencing mass-media reporting. The Viennese experience 1980–1996".
2358:
1205:
agreement to abstain from reporting on cases of suicide. Examples of celebrities whose suicides have triggered suicide clusters include
1268:
outlined an association of increased suicides in 10- to 19-year-olds in the United States in the three months following the release of
1630:
861:
2048:
Etzersdorfer E, Voracek M, Sonneck G (2004). "A dose-response relationship between imitational suicides and newspaper distribution".
1382:
3886:
3811:
3307:
3293:
2487:
1396:
1147:
701:
410:
405:
1127:). While many countries do not have national codes, media outlets still often have in-house guidelines along similar lines. In the
1505:
1068:
relationship of media coverage to suicidality lacks solid theoretical grounding, making interpreting the research very difficult.
5089:
3891:
3398:
2709:
1140:
4720:
3582:
3421:
3365:
International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) – Special Interest Group – Clusters and Contagion in Suicidal Behaviour
1108:
2571:
4820:
3754:
2847:
Kim, Jae-Hyun; Park, Eun-Cheol; Nam, Jung-Mo; Park, SoHee; Cho, Jaelim; Kim, Sun-Jung; Choi, Jae-Woo; Cho, Eun (2013-12-26).
286:
1196:
suicide events or change the way that they provide information about suicide events, the risk of copycat suicides declines.
4725:
4294:
4180:
4163:
4048:
3881:
3532:
902:
831:
395:
390:
66:
2437:
Bertolote JM, Fleischmann A, De Leo D, Wasserman D (2004). "Psychiatric diagnoses and suicide: revisiting the evidence".
974:
are clusters of suicides in both time and space, and have been linked to direct social learning from nearby individuals.
4306:
4065:
3484:
3442:
2680:
2616:
2597:
959:
836:
651:
192:
41:
1843:"Influences Of The Media On Suicide: Researchers, Policy Makers, And Media Personnel Need To Collaborate On Guidelines"
4948:
4923:
4882:
4640:
4022:
1755:
1013:
586:
3378:
1272:, consistent with a media contagion of suicide in the show. However, some media scholar studies implied that viewing
30:
5094:
4938:
4892:
4680:
3982:
3602:
3474:
596:
183:
111:
4887:
4815:
4675:
1626:
576:
2656:
1016:, the people who attempt to copy a suicidal act tend to have the same age and gender as the triggering suicide.
4897:
4369:
4043:
3734:
3709:
3659:
3622:
3516:
1415:
Schmidtke A, Häfner H (1988). "The Werther effect after television films: new evidence for an old hypothesis".
1160:
895:
681:
631:
591:
425:
136:
5018:
4857:
4559:
4247:
4060:
3435:
3240:
Bridge, Jeffrey A.; Goldstein, Tina R.; Brent, David A. (2006). "Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior".
1347:
1337:
1236:, a Tunisian street vendor who set himself on fire on December 17, 2010, an act that was a catalyst for the
856:
791:
382:
3167:"13 Reasons Why: can a TV show about suicide be 'dangerous'? What are the moral obligations of a producer?"
5099:
4862:
4745:
4615:
4284:
4257:
4175:
4091:
1458:
Thorson, Jan; Ă–berg, Per-Arne (2003-01-01). "Was There a Suicide Epidemic After Goethe's Werther ?".
1253:
1192:; he was contemplating suicide until other characters showed him a different way to resolve his problems.
1051:
821:
801:
706:
3022:
Ayers, John W.; Althouse, Benjamin M.; Leas, Eric C.; Dredze, Mark; Allem, Jon-Patrick (1 October 2017).
4966:
4961:
4700:
4547:
4542:
4217:
4202:
4136:
4101:
4038:
3759:
3649:
3592:
1150:, abides by standards that "avoid describing the act in detail or illustrating the method" of suicides.
716:
571:
306:
106:
1139:
and none gave guidelines about publishing the method of suicide. Craig Branson, online director of the
4996:
4928:
4750:
4740:
4735:
4715:
4660:
4610:
4274:
4252:
4207:
4158:
4141:
4096:
4053:
3972:
3909:
3697:
3577:
3557:
3496:
2860:
2516:
2300:
2196:
1543:
1327:
1285:
1076:
1064:
811:
796:
766:
741:
711:
626:
556:
454:
241:
198:
156:
96:
86:
3363:
5001:
4762:
4685:
4620:
4590:
4585:
4499:
4362:
4232:
4116:
3967:
3957:
3654:
3642:
3587:
3537:
3424:, The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong
1237:
1225:, whose death was followed by an increase of 200 more suicides than average for that August month.
776:
721:
666:
561:
551:
101:
3771:
3422:"Suicide and the Media: Recommendations on Suicide Reporting for Media Professionals (in Chinese)"
1655:
1104:
1079:
in suicide cases at the time of their death with the total figure ranging from 87.3% to 98%, with
296:
4976:
4933:
4872:
4774:
4650:
4504:
4343:
4289:
4237:
4227:
4192:
4106:
3901:
3739:
3669:
3542:
3506:
3147:
3073:"Association of Increased Youth Suicides in the United States With the Release of 13 Reasons Why"
2224:
2073:
1995:
1949:
1862:
1760:
1483:
1440:
876:
871:
826:
781:
756:
636:
441:
271:
203:
161:
71:
1054:
never materialized in an actual increase in suicides. Coverage of Cobain's suicide in the local
1164:
986:
One of the earliest known associations between the media and suicide arose from Goethe's novel
5011:
4956:
4784:
4655:
4595:
4488:
4409:
4279:
4242:
4212:
4153:
4148:
4131:
4121:
4111:
3962:
3863:
3617:
3547:
3491:
3345:
3303:
3289:
3265:
3257:
3215:
3188:
3139:
3104:
3053:
2984:
2953:
2935:
2896:
2878:
2829:
2794:
2786:
2552:
2534:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2454:
2419:
2354:
2336:
2318:
2259:
2216:
2197:"The Kurt Cobain suicide crisis: Perspectives from research, public health and the news media"
2177:
2132:
2114:
2065:
2030:
1987:
1941:
1880:
1823:
1805:
1731:
1713:
1599:
1571:
1475:
1432:
1392:
1319:
1280:
1069:
816:
786:
736:
726:
641:
566:
546:
4971:
4867:
4794:
4769:
4730:
4575:
4532:
4463:
4269:
4222:
4197:
4170:
4126:
4070:
3914:
3848:
3719:
3685:
3637:
3627:
3562:
3335:
3327:
3249:
3178:
3131:
3094:
3084:
3043:
3035:
2976:
2943:
2927:
2886:
2868:
2821:
2776:
2688:
2542:
2524:
2446:
2409:
2399:
2326:
2308:
2251:
2208:
2167:
2159:
2122:
2104:
2057:
2022:
1979:
1933:
1870:
1854:
1813:
1795:
1721:
1703:
1619:
1561:
1551:
1467:
1424:
1279:
The cause-and-effect relationship between media and suicide is not simple to prove. Prof.
1245:
1233:
806:
771:
761:
746:
731:
661:
526:
449:
323:
313:
236:
141:
131:
91:
5043:
4991:
4981:
4554:
4187:
4017:
4007:
4002:
3796:
3749:
3664:
3612:
3372:
1357:
1305:
1229:
1214:
1188:
1100:
1084:
881:
751:
671:
616:
581:
541:
531:
491:
415:
400:
338:
228:
208:
151:
121:
3386:
1276:
was not associated with suicidal ideation but actually with reduced depressive symptoms.
3387:
Suicide Contagion and the Reporting of Suicide: Recommendations from a National Workshop
2864:
2520:
2304:
1547:
4986:
4907:
4799:
4665:
4645:
4635:
4446:
3952:
3947:
3843:
3838:
3818:
3729:
3479:
3466:
3340:
3315:
3099:
3072:
3048:
3023:
2948:
2915:
2891:
2848:
2765:"Role of media reports in completed and prevented suicide: Werther v. Papageno effects"
2547:
2504:
2331:
2288:
2212:
2172:
2151:
2127:
2092:
2026:
1983:
1875:
1842:
1818:
1783:
1726:
1691:
1566:
1531:
1259:
1222:
473:
363:
343:
266:
251:
188:
175:
146:
34:
2717:
2414:
2387:
1970:
Stack S (1996). "The effect of the media on suicide: evidence from Japan, 1955–1985".
1899:
5083:
5038:
4877:
4832:
4779:
4695:
4600:
4456:
4075:
3823:
3786:
3776:
3744:
3632:
3511:
3253:
3151:
3089:
2255:
1487:
1342:
1332:
1128:
1080:
601:
481:
420:
368:
358:
276:
213:
3389:– Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3039:
2228:
2077:
1999:
1953:
1444:
5048:
5033:
4902:
4710:
4580:
4511:
4494:
4441:
4400:
4012:
3873:
3858:
3853:
3806:
3766:
3607:
3392:
1218:
1210:
1131:, there are no industry-wide standards. A survey of in-house guides of 16 US daily
1096:
656:
328:
301:
291:
116:
3135:
2873:
2529:
2313:
1556:
5068:
5023:
4537:
4473:
3992:
3801:
3501:
1388:
1241:
1206:
949:
A spike in emulation suicides after a widely publicized suicide is known as the
676:
611:
318:
2849:"The Werther Effect of Two Celebrity Suicides: an Entertainer and a Politician"
2450:
4705:
4690:
4625:
4451:
4430:
4385:
3977:
3791:
3724:
3567:
2825:
2781:
2764:
2163:
2109:
2093:"Fidelity assessment of the suicide reporting guidelines in Korean newspapers"
2061:
1858:
1428:
1295:
516:
333:
261:
17:
3261:
3192:
3183:
3166:
3143:
2939:
2882:
2833:
2790:
2538:
2322:
2118:
1809:
1717:
1479:
5053:
4479:
4436:
4419:
4415:
3997:
3987:
2289:"Suicide Contagion: A Systematic Review of Definitions and Research Utility"
1800:
1784:"Copycat Suicide Induced by Entertainment Celebrity Suicides in South Korea"
1132:
621:
606:
521:
3349:
3269:
3108:
3057:
2957:
2931:
2900:
2798:
2556:
2458:
2423:
2404:
2340:
2263:
2181:
2136:
2069:
1884:
1827:
1735:
1575:
1471:
1167:
provides training for journalists on reporting suicide and related issues.
3331:
2980:
2220:
2034:
1991:
1945:
1708:
1436:
922:
5058:
4516:
3833:
3828:
3552:
1183:
486:
348:
76:
2287:
Cheng, Qijin; Li, Hong; Silenzio, Vincent; Caine, Eric D. (2014-09-26).
1866:
5006:
4789:
4670:
3942:
3781:
3572:
3458:
3024:"Internet Searches for Suicide Following the Release of 13 Reasons Why"
2738:
2013:
Jonas K (1992). "Modelling and suicide: a test of the Werther effect".
1055:
938:
511:
353:
50:
2920:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
5063:
5028:
4630:
4468:
3206:
Livingstone, Sonia (1996), Curran, James; Gurevitch, Michael (eds.),
1124:
1120:
954:
536:
281:
1782:
Jang, Soo Ah; Sung, Ji Min; Park, Jin Young; Jeon, Woo Taek (2016).
3207:
3005:"Remembering Mohamed Bouazizi: The man who sparked the Arab Spring"
1937:
4605:
4424:
3597:
921:
126:
29:
1696:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
1352:
4358:
3431:
2975:, New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press,
1589:
1587:
1585:
4354:
2644:
Norris, Bill; Mike Jempson; Lesley Bygrave (September 2001).
953:, after rumours of such a spike following the publication of
1221:, whose suicide caused suicide rates to rise by 162.3% and
3427:
2388:"Psychiatric diagnoses in 3275 suicides: a meta-analysis"
2503:
Mesoudi, Alex (2009-09-30). Jones, James Holland (ed.).
1692:"Media Roles in Suicide Prevention: A Systematic Review"
1376:
1374:
1372:
2751:
2195:
Jobes D.; Berman A.; O'Carroll P.; Eastgard S. (1996).
1384:
Abnormal Psychology with MindMap II CD-ROM and PowerWeb
1095:
An alternate model to explain copycat suicide, called "
3401:
Links, resources and articles from The MediaWise Trust
3208:"On the continuing problems of media effects research"
1620:"Preventing suicide: A report for media professionals"
2971:
Kadalah, Mohammed (2015-01-31), "A Story from Homs",
2639:
2637:
2359:"On the continuing problem of media effects research"
1381:
Halgin, Richard P.; Susan Whitbourne (January 2006).
2646:"Covering suicide worldwide: media responsibilities"
4947:
4916:
4850:
4808:
4568:
4525:
4399:
4392:
4084:
4031:
3935:
3900:
3872:
3678:
3525:
3465:
3393:
Reporting on Suicide: Recommendations for the Media
1200:Late twentieth/early twenty-first century research
2091:Chun, JongSerl; Kim, Jinyung; Lee, Serim (2018).
1506:"Pattern of Death: Copycat Suicides among Youths"
2916:"The lure of death: suicide and human evolution"
2299:(9). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e108724.
1499:
1497:
2386:Arsenault-Lapierre G, Kim C, Turecki G (2004).
2364:. In James, Curran; Michael, Gurevitch (eds.).
3214:, London, UK: Edward Arnold, pp. 305–24,
4370:
3443:
3418:New Zealand youth suicide prevention strategy
2710:"Reporting Suicide: Guidance for journalists"
1965:
1963:
903:
8:
3410:Australian Press Council news, February 1998
3395:– American Foundation for Suicide Prevention
3320:Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
3316:"Media coverage as a risk factor in suicide"
2681:"Journalistic Standards and Practices (JSP)"
2617:"Copycat Suicides: What's The Media's Role?"
2598:"Copycat Suicides: What's The Media's Role?"
2152:"Media coverage as a risk factor in suicide"
1410:
1408:
2572:"Copycat suicides fuelled by media reports"
1690:Sisask, Merike; Värnik, Airi (2017-01-04).
4396:
4377:
4363:
4355:
3450:
3436:
3428:
3242:Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
2505:"The Cultural Dynamics of Copycat Suicide"
1532:"The Cultural Dynamics of Copycat Suicide"
1135:showed that only three mentioned the word
910:
896:
46:
4838:Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder
3339:
3182:
3098:
3088:
3047:
2947:
2890:
2872:
2780:
2546:
2528:
2413:
2403:
2330:
2312:
2171:
2126:
2108:
1874:
1841:Hawton, Keith; Williams, Kathryn (2002).
1817:
1799:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1725:
1707:
1565:
1555:
2596:Franklin, Deborah (September 30, 2009).
647:Suicide in colleges in the United States
2475:Influence: the psychology of persuasion
1754:Sanger-Katz, Margot (August 13, 2014).
1368:
49:
1756:"The Science Behind Suicide Contagion"
937:is defined as an emulation of another
2691:. Crime and Police Reporting: Suicide
2368:(2nd ed.). London: Edward Arnold
2244:Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior
2201:Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior
7:
4826:Right-wing authoritarian personality
2015:British Journal of Social Psychology
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
460:List of suicides in the 21st century
2213:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1996.tb00611.x
2027:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1992.tb00974.x
1984:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1996.tb00824.x
862:Death with Dignity National Center
25:
3887:List of countries by suicide rate
2914:Humphrey, Nicholas (2018-09-05).
2716:, Spanish, French. Archived from
2685:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
1926:The American Journal of Sociology
1654:De Wyze, Jeannette (2005-03-31).
1148:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
1146:Canada's public broadcaster, the
1075:Studies show a high incidence of
3892:Antidepressants and suicide risk
3254:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01615.x
3090:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0922
2256:10.1111/j.1943-278X.2011.00059.x
1312:
1298:
1141:American Society of News Editors
3040:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.3333
3003:Lageman, Thessa (17 Dec 2020).
1636:from the original on 2004-07-04
1109:Queen Mary University of London
942:person. This is referred to as
4821:Authoritarian leadership style
3165:Scalvini, Marco (2020-06-18).
3124:Mass Communication and Society
1186:, from the 18th-century opera
988:Die Leiden des jungen Werthers
1:
4726:Social construction of gender
3920:heads of state and government
3136:10.1080/15205436.2020.1756335
2769:British Journal of Psychiatry
2158:. 8 Suppl 4 (90004): IV30–2.
4721:Rally 'round the flag effect
3171:Media, Culture & Society
2874:10.1371/journal.pone.0084876
2814:Archives of Suicide Research
2530:10.1371/journal.pone.0007252
2478:. New York: Morrow. p.
2314:10.1371/journal.pone.0108724
1847:BMJ: British Medical Journal
1557:10.1371/journal.pone.0007252
1460:Archives of Suicide Research
1244:, including several men who
1033:Factors in suicide reporting
1020:technique) were comparable.
992:The Sorrows of Young Werther
960:The Sorrows of Young Werther
928:The Sorrows of Young Werther
652:Suicide in music subcultures
27:Emulation of another suicide
4924:Asch conformity experiments
4641:Identification (psychology)
4023:Suicide prevention contract
2472:Robert B. Cialdini (1993).
1596:Social Psychology (10th Ed)
1228:Another famous case is the
1217:, the South Korean actress
1087:being the two most common.
1014:differential identification
587:Neurodevelopmental disorder
5116:
4939:Stanford prison experiment
4681:Normative social influence
3475:Assessment of suicide risk
2451:10.1027/0227-5910.25.4.147
1251:A 2017 study published in
4888:Normalization of deviance
4816:Authoritarian personality
2973:Voices of the Arab Spring
2826:10.1080/13811119808258290
2782:10.1192/bjp.bp.109.074633
2164:10.1136/ip.8.suppl_4.iv30
2110:10.1186/s12889-018-6014-4
2062:10.1080/13811110490270985
1972:Suicide Life Threat Behav
1859:10.1136/bmj.325.7377.1374
1627:World Health Organization
1598:. New York: McGraw Hill.
1594:Meyers, David G. (2009).
1429:10.1017/s0033291700008345
1209:, the Japanese musicians
577:Major depressive disorder
4898:Preference falsification
3660:Suicide and the Internet
3623:Social media and suicide
3184:10.1177/0163443720932502
1788:Psychiatry Investigation
1504:Golman, D (1987-03-18).
1257:found the online series
1161:Australian Press Council
926:Werther and Lotte, from
857:Compassion & Choices
682:Warning signs of suicide
632:Suicide and the Internet
592:Non-suicidal self-injury
137:Social media and suicide
5090:Influence of mass media
4560:Tyranny of the majority
1801:10.4306/pi.2016.13.1.74
1348:Mass shooting contagion
1338:Epidemiology of suicide
1246:emulated Bouazizi's act
4863:Communal reinforcement
4616:False consensus effect
3212:Mass Media and Society
3028:JAMA Internal Medicine
2932:10.1098/rstb.2017.0269
2405:10.1186/1471-244X-4-37
2366:Mass Media and Society
1472:10.1080/13811110301568
1254:JAMA Internal Medicine
1052:suicide of Kurt Cobain
1012:Due to the effects of
930:
44:
4967:Anti-social behaviour
4962:Anti-authoritarianism
4701:Pluralistic ignorance
4548:National conservatism
4543:Left-wing nationalism
4526:Governmental pressure
3593:Philosophy of suicide
3415:Suicide and the media
3399:Suicide and the media
3332:10.1136/jech.57.4.238
2981:10.7312/alsa16318-043
1898:Mulvihill, G (2010).
1709:10.3390/ijerph9010123
1077:psychiatric disorders
925:
396:LGBT-related suicides
39:Reading from Goethe's
33:
4929:Breaching experiment
4716:Operant conditioning
4661:Mere exposure effect
3910:Suicide in antiquity
3698:Bullying and suicide
3583:Interpersonal theory
3578:Identity performance
3558:Dysfunctional family
3497:Suicide intervention
3407:Reporting on suicide
2615:Franklin, D (2009).
2570:Hamzelou, J (2009).
1328:Blue Whale Challenge
1286:sufficient condition
627:Suicidal ambivalence
455:Suicide in antiquity
242:Bullying and suicide
157:Voluntary euthanasia
97:Identity performance
87:Dysfunctional family
4809:Individual pressure
4686:Passing (sociology)
4621:Fear of missing out
4586:Closure (sociology)
4500:Enemy of the people
3968:Diseases of despair
3958:Consensual homicide
3925:in the 21st century
3755:Jumping from height
2865:2013PLoSO...884876K
2714:The MediaWise Trust
2653:The MediaWise Trust
2521:2009PLoSO...4.7252M
2305:2014PLoSO...9j8724C
1548:2009PLoSO...4.7252M
1530:Mesoudi, A (2009).
1238:Tunisian Revolution
1154:Journalist training
1005:Demographic factors
667:Suicide terminology
552:Diseases of despair
4977:Civil disobedience
4934:Milgram experiment
4873:Creeping normality
4775:Social integration
4711:Psychosocial issue
4651:Invented tradition
4505:Enemy of the state
3812:London Underground
3670:Workplace bullying
3507:Suicide prevention
3371:2020-01-16 at the
3286:The Copycat Effect
2926:(1754): 20170269.
2355:Livingstone, Sofia
1761:The New York Times
1656:"Why Do They Die?"
1510:The New York Times
1091:Social proof model
931:
877:Final Exit Network
872:Exit International
637:Suicide and trauma
391:Gender differences
184:Assessment of risk
162:Workplace bullying
45:
5095:Journalism ethics
5077:
5076:
4957:Alternative media
4846:
4845:
4785:Spiral of silence
4656:Memory conformity
4596:Consensus reality
4489:Persona non grata
4410:Damnatio memoriae
4352:
4351:
4066:Music subcultures
3963:Depression (mood)
3618:Social inequality
3492:Suicidal ideation
3221:978-0-340-61418-1
2990:978-0-231-53858-9
2097:BMC Public Health
1853:(7377): 1374–75.
1605:978-0-07-337066-8
1320:Psychology portal
1281:Sonia Livingstone
1070:Sonia Livingstone
944:suicide contagion
920:
919:
642:Suicide awareness
547:Depression (mood)
505:Related phenomena
16:(Redirected from
5107:
5002:Devil's advocate
4972:Auto-segregation
4868:Countersignaling
4795:Toxic positivity
4770:Social influence
4731:Social contagion
4576:Bandwagon effect
4533:Authoritarianism
4397:
4379:
4372:
4365:
4356:
4327:military veteran
4312:Assisted suicide
4300:Assisted suicide
3915:List of suicides
3710:Charcoal-burning
3686:Assisted suicide
3638:Suicide survivor
3628:Social rejection
3563:Economic anxiety
3452:
3445:
3438:
3429:
3353:
3343:
3314:Stack S (2003).
3300:Suicide Clusters
3274:
3273:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3186:
3177:(7–8): 1564–74.
3162:
3156:
3155:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3102:
3092:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3051:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2951:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2894:
2876:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2784:
2760:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2689:CBC/Radio-Canada
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2661:
2655:. Archived from
2650:
2641:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2550:
2532:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2417:
2407:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2363:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2334:
2316:
2284:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2175:
2150:Stack S (2002).
2147:
2141:
2140:
2130:
2112:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2050:Arch Suicide Res
2045:
2039:
2038:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1967:
1958:
1957:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1878:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1821:
1803:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1751:
1740:
1739:
1729:
1711:
1687:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1660:San Diego Reader
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1635:
1624:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1591:
1580:
1579:
1569:
1559:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1501:
1492:
1491:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1412:
1403:
1402:
1378:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1240:and sparked the
1234:Mohamed Bouazizi
1115:Journalism codes
912:
905:
898:
662:Suicide survivor
527:Anxiety disorder
450:List of suicides
426:among LGBT youth
411:Seasonal effects
324:Prisoner suicide
142:Social rejection
132:Social isolation
47:
21:
5115:
5114:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5080:
5079:
5078:
5073:
5044:Insubordination
4992:Culture jamming
4982:Cosmopolitanism
4943:
4912:
4883:Internalization
4842:
4804:
4564:
4555:Totalitarianism
4521:
4388:
4383:
4353:
4348:
4332:Native American
4080:
4027:
4008:Suicide methods
4003:Suicide attempt
3931:
3896:
3882:Sex differences
3868:
3674:
3665:Toxic workplace
3613:School bullying
3603:Religious views
3521:
3461:
3456:
3373:Wayback Machine
3360:
3313:
3282:
3280:Further reading
3277:
3248:(3–4): 372–94.
3239:
3238:
3234:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3077:JAMA Psychiatry
3070:
3069:
3065:
3034:(10): 1527–29.
3021:
3020:
3016:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2746:
2741:. 5 March 2011.
2737:
2736:
2732:
2723:
2721:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2694:
2692:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2635:
2625:
2623:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2371:
2369:
2361:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2271:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1766:
1764:
1753:
1752:
1743:
1689:
1688:
1673:
1664:
1662:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1606:
1593:
1592:
1583:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1503:
1502:
1495:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1380:
1379:
1370:
1366:
1358:Sati (practice)
1318:
1313:
1311:
1306:Medicine portal
1304:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1266:JAMA Psychiatry
1230:self-immolation
1202:
1189:The Magic Flute
1180:
1156:
1117:
1101:Robert Cialdini
1093:
1085:substance abuse
1065:Gerard Sullivan
1035:
1026:
1007:
984:
968:suicide cluster
935:copycat suicide
916:
887:
886:
882:Hemlock Society
852:
851:
842:
841:
702:Rate by country
697:
696:
687:
686:
672:Suicide tourism
617:Substance abuse
582:Mental disorder
542:Coping planning
532:Autism spectrum
507:
506:
497:
496:
492:Suicide mission
477:
476:
465:
464:
445:
444:
433:
432:
416:Suicidal person
406:Rate by country
386:
385:
374:
373:
232:
231:
219:
218:
209:Suicide attempt
179:
178:
167:
166:
152:Toxic workplace
122:School bullying
112:Religious views
62:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5113:
5111:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5082:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4987:Counterculture
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4953:
4951:
4949:Anticonformity
4945:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4908:Social reality
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4854:
4852:
4848:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4800:Untouchability
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4738:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4666:Milieu control
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4646:Indoctrination
4643:
4638:
4636:Herd mentality
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4572:
4570:
4569:Group pressure
4566:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4545:
4535:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4492:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4476:
4466:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4447:Cancel culture
4444:
4434:
4427:
4422:
4413:
4405:
4403:
4394:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4359:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4295:United Kingdom
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4041:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3953:Caring letters
3950:
3948:Animal suicide
3945:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3878:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3839:Suicide attack
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3819:Self-sacrifice
3816:
3815:
3814:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3772:Murder–suicide
3769:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3529:
3527:
3526:Social aspects
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3480:Crisis hotline
3477:
3471:
3469:
3467:Suicide crisis
3463:
3462:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3419:
3411:
3402:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3380:Copycat Effect
3376:
3359:
3358:External links
3356:
3355:
3354:
3311:
3297:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3232:
3220:
3198:
3157:
3114:
3083:(9): 933–940.
3063:
3014:
2995:
2989:
2963:
2906:
2859:(12): e84876.
2839:
2804:
2755:
2744:
2730:
2701:
2672:
2633:
2607:
2588:
2562:
2495:
2488:
2464:
2429:
2392:BMC Psychiatry
2378:
2346:
2279:
2269:
2234:
2187:
2142:
2083:
2040:
2021:(4): 295–306.
2005:
1959:
1938:10.1086/227596
1932:(6): 1340–59.
1916:
1890:
1833:
1774:
1741:
1671:
1646:
1611:
1604:
1581:
1522:
1493:
1450:
1404:
1397:
1391:. p. 62.
1367:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1309:
1293:
1290:
1274:13 Reasons Why
1270:13 Reasons Why
1260:13 Reasons Why
1223:Marilyn Monroe
1201:
1198:
1179:
1176:
1155:
1152:
1116:
1113:
1092:
1089:
1081:mood disorders
1034:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1006:
1003:
983:
980:
972:Point clusters
951:Werther effect
918:
917:
915:
914:
907:
900:
892:
889:
888:
885:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
853:
849:
848:
847:
844:
843:
840:
839:
834:
832:United Kingdom
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
698:
694:
693:
692:
689:
688:
685:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
508:
504:
503:
502:
499:
498:
495:
494:
489:
484:
478:
472:
471:
470:
467:
466:
463:
462:
457:
452:
446:
440:
439:
438:
435:
434:
431:
430:
429:
428:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
387:
381:
380:
379:
376:
375:
372:
371:
366:
364:Suicide attack
361:
356:
351:
346:
344:Self-sacrifice
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
310:
309:
299:
297:Murder–suicide
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
239:
233:
226:
225:
224:
221:
220:
217:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
189:Crisis hotline
186:
180:
174:
173:
172:
169:
168:
165:
164:
159:
154:
149:
147:Social support
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
63:
60:Social aspects
59:
58:
57:
54:
53:
35:Wilhelm Amberg
26:
24:
18:Werther effect
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5112:
5101:
5100:Suicide types
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5039:Individualism
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4946:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4915:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4878:Herd behavior
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4849:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4833:Control freak
4831:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4780:Socialization
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4764:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4696:Peer pressure
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4676:Normalization
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4601:Culture shock
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4458:
4457:Deplatforming
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4380:
4375:
4373:
4368:
4366:
4361:
4360:
4357:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4307:United States
4305:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4032:By subculture
4030:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3983:Perfectionism
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3824:Banzai charge
3822:
3820:
3817:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3787:Sokushinbutsu
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3777:Vatakkiruttal
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:Suicide types
3677:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3633:Social stigma
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3517:Warning signs
3515:
3513:
3512:Suicide watch
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3453:
3448:
3446:
3441:
3439:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3351:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3326:(4): 238–40.
3325:
3321:
3317:
3312:
3309:
3308:0-571-12991-9
3305:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3294:0-7434-8223-9
3291:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3236:
3233:
3223:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3202:
3199:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3161:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3118:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3067:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3018:
3015:
3010:
3006:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2843:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2775:(3): 234–43.
2774:
2770:
2766:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2748:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2720:on 2005-03-11
2719:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2662:on 2007-06-14
2658:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2589:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2496:
2491:
2489:0-688-12816-5
2485:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2468:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2445:(4): 147–55.
2444:
2440:
2433:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2382:
2379:
2367:
2360:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2283:
2280:
2273:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2250:(6): 624–34.
2249:
2245:
2238:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2207:(3): 260–71.
2206:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2056:(2): 137–45.
2055:
2051:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1978:(2): 132–42.
1977:
1973:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1917:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1775:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1702:(1): 123–38.
1701:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1647:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1523:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1423:(3): 665–76.
1422:
1418:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1398:0-07-322872-9
1394:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1343:Herd behavior
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1333:Copycat crime
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1310:
1307:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:United States
1126:
1122:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1032:
1030:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1010:
1004:
1002:
999:
995:
993:
989:
981:
979:
977:
976:Mass clusters
973:
969:
964:
962:
961:
956:
952:
947:
945:
940:
936:
929:
924:
913:
908:
906:
901:
899:
894:
893:
891:
890:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
854:
850:Organizations
846:
845:
838:
837:United States
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
699:
691:
690:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
602:Schizophrenia
600:
598:
597:Perfectionism
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
509:
501:
500:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
482:Banzai charge
480:
479:
475:
469:
468:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
447:
443:
437:
436:
427:
424:
423:
422:
421:Youth suicide
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
388:
384:
378:
377:
370:
369:Vatakkiruttal
367:
365:
362:
360:
359:Sokushinbutsu
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
308:
305:
304:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
247:
243:
240:
238:
235:
234:
230:
223:
222:
215:
214:Suicide watch
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
194:
190:
187:
185:
182:
181:
177:
171:
170:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
68:
65:
64:
56:
55:
52:
48:
43:
40:
36:
32:
19:
5049:Pueblo clown
5034:Idiosyncrasy
5019:Eccentricity
4903:Social proof
4755:
4611:Echo chamber
4591:Collectivism
4581:Brainwashing
4512:Scapegoating
4495:Public enemy
4487:
4478:
4442:Blacklisting
4429:
4408:
4401:Proscription
4248:Saudi Arabia
4013:Suicide note
3973:Echo chamber
3874:Epidemiology
3859:Suicide pill
3714:
3608:Right to die
3414:
3406:
3379:
3364:
3323:
3319:
3299:
3285:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3225:, retrieved
3211:
3201:
3174:
3170:
3160:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3080:
3076:
3066:
3031:
3027:
3017:
3008:
2998:
2972:
2966:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2856:
2852:
2842:
2820:(1): 67–74.
2817:
2813:
2807:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2747:
2733:
2722:. Retrieved
2718:the original
2704:
2693:. Retrieved
2684:
2675:
2664:. Retrieved
2657:the original
2624:. Retrieved
2620:
2610:
2601:
2591:
2579:. Retrieved
2576:Newscientist
2575:
2565:
2515:(9): e7252.
2512:
2508:
2498:
2474:
2467:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2395:
2391:
2381:
2370:. Retrieved
2365:
2349:
2296:
2292:
2282:
2272:
2247:
2243:
2237:
2204:
2200:
2190:
2155:
2145:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2018:
2014:
2008:
1975:
1971:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1907:. Retrieved
1903:
1893:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1794:(1): 74–81.
1791:
1787:
1777:
1765:. Retrieved
1759:
1699:
1695:
1663:. Retrieved
1659:
1649:
1638:. Retrieved
1614:
1595:
1542:(9): e7252.
1539:
1535:
1525:
1513:. Retrieved
1509:
1466:(1): 69–72.
1463:
1459:
1453:
1420:
1417:Psychol. Med
1416:
1383:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1252:
1250:
1227:
1219:Choi Jin-Sil
1211:Yukiko Okada
1203:
1194:
1187:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1157:
1145:
1136:
1118:
1105:Alex Mesoudi
1097:social proof
1094:
1074:
1061:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1011:
1008:
1000:
996:
991:
987:
985:
975:
971:
967:
965:
958:
950:
948:
943:
934:
932:
927:
792:Saudi Arabia
657:Suicide note
557:Echo chamber
383:Epidemiology
256:
199:Intervention
117:Right to die
81:
38:
5069:Shock value
5024:Eclecticism
4917:Experiments
4538:Nationalism
4474:Civil death
4393:Enforcement
4285:Switzerland
4258:South Korea
4092:Afghanistan
3993:Self-hatred
3802:Prayopavesa
3655:Terminology
3643:bereavement
3588:Legislation
3502:Suicidology
1389:McGraw-Hill
1242:Arab Spring
1207:Ruan Lingyu
822:Switzerland
802:South Korea
707:Afghanistan
677:Suicidology
612:Self-hatred
319:Prayopavesa
102:Legislation
5084:Categories
4858:Compliance
4851:Conformity
4751:Hysterical
4741:Behavioral
4706:Propaganda
4691:Patriotism
4626:Groupthink
4452:Censorship
4431:Homo sacer
4386:Conformity
4263:LGBT youth
4218:Mozambique
4203:Kazakhstan
4102:Bangladesh
4085:By country
4044:LGBT youth
3978:Last words
3792:Sallekhana
3750:Immolation
3725:Familicide
3650:Literature
3568:Euthanasia
3543:Altruistic
3404:Herman J,
3227:2020-07-22
3130:: 85–105.
3009:AL JAZEERA
2724:2007-06-09
2695:2022-01-26
2666:2007-06-09
2372:2024-07-19
1665:2008-02-05
1640:2007-06-09
1364:References
1178:Prevention
1133:newspapers
717:Bangladesh
695:By country
517:Alcoholism
474:In warfare
334:Sallekhana
262:Familicide
227:Types and
204:Prevention
107:Philosophy
72:Altruistic
5054:Rebellion
5012:Political
4893:Obedience
4763:Emotional
4736:Addiction
4480:Vogelfrei
4437:Ostracism
4420:Dissenter
4416:Dissident
4275:Sri Lanka
4253:Singapore
4208:Lithuania
4159:Hong Kong
4142:Greenland
4097:Australia
4071:Prisoners
3998:Suffering
3988:Self-harm
3864:Vehicular
3760:locations
3548:Awareness
3262:0021-9630
3193:0163-4437
3152:218940399
3144:1520-5436
2940:0962-8436
2883:1932-6203
2834:1381-1118
2791:0007-1250
2739:"Suicide"
2626:August 1,
2581:April 21,
2539:1932-6203
2323:1932-6203
2156:Inj. Prev
2119:1471-2458
1909:April 21,
1810:1738-3684
1718:1661-7827
1515:April 21,
1488:144982013
1480:1381-1118
1165:MediaWise
957:'s novel
812:Sri Lanka
797:Singapore
767:Lithuania
742:Greenland
712:Australia
622:Suffering
607:Self-harm
572:Locations
522:Anhedonia
5059:Red team
4997:Deviance
4517:Shunning
4233:Pakistan
4117:Cameroon
4061:Military
3849:By pilot
3834:Senicide
3829:Kamikaze
3807:By train
3720:Epidemic
3553:Bullying
3538:Advocacy
3369:Archived
3350:12646535
3270:16492264
3109:31141094
3058:28759671
2958:30012736
2901:24386428
2853:PLOS ONE
2799:20807970
2752:Headline
2557:19789643
2509:PLOS ONE
2459:15580849
2424:15527502
2357:(1996).
2341:25259604
2293:PLOS ONE
2264:22050656
2229:23813912
2182:12460954
2137:30208965
2078:37040005
2070:16006399
2000:11973817
1954:10722780
1904:ABC News
1885:12480830
1867:25453137
1828:26766949
1736:22470283
1631:Archived
1629:. 2000.
1576:19789643
1536:PLOS ONE
1445:43518952
1292:See also
1184:Papageno
1137:suicide,
867:Dignitas
777:Pakistan
722:Cameroon
567:Ideation
487:Kamikaze
349:Senicide
307:Internet
237:Assisted
92:Epidemic
77:Bullying
5007:Dissent
4790:Teasing
4756:Suicide
4671:Mobbing
4464:Outcast
4344:Uruguay
4337:teenage
4322:farmers
4317:college
4290:Ukraine
4238:Romania
4228:Nigeria
4193:Ireland
4181:farmers
4164:student
4137:Denmark
4107:Belarus
4039:Doctors
4018:Tourism
3943:Anguish
3936:Related
3902:History
3782:Seppuku
3740:Hanging
3735:Gunshot
3715:Copycat
3573:Failure
3459:Suicide
3341:1732435
3100:6547137
3049:5820689
2949:6053977
2892:3873447
2861:Bibcode
2548:2748702
2517:Bibcode
2332:4178222
2301:Bibcode
2221:8897665
2173:1765497
2128:6134504
2035:1472984
1992:8840417
1946:7149089
1876:1124845
1819:4701688
1767:28 June
1727:3315075
1567:2748702
1544:Bibcode
1437:3263660
1056:Seattle
982:History
939:suicide
827:Ukraine
782:Romania
757:Ireland
512:Anguish
442:History
401:Methods
354:Seppuku
287:Jumping
272:Hanging
257:Copycat
229:methods
82:Copycat
51:Suicide
42:Werther
5064:Satire
5029:Hermit
4631:Hazing
4469:Outlaw
4280:Sweden
4243:Russia
4213:Mexico
4154:Guyana
4149:Greece
4132:France
4122:Canada
4112:Bhutan
4054:Mormon
3844:By cop
3730:Forced
3348:
3338:
3306:
3292:
3268:
3260:
3218:
3191:
3150:
3142:
3107:
3097:
3056:
3046:
2987:
2956:
2946:
2938:
2899:
2889:
2881:
2832:
2797:
2789:
2555:
2545:
2537:
2486:
2457:
2439:Crisis
2422:
2415:534107
2412:
2398:: 37.
2339:
2329:
2321:
2277:Group.
2262:
2227:
2219:
2180:
2170:
2135:
2125:
2117:
2076:
2068:
2033:
1998:
1990:
1952:
1944:
1883:
1873:
1865:
1826:
1816:
1808:
1734:
1724:
1716:
1602:
1574:
1564:
1486:
1478:
1443:
1435:
1395:
1125:Turkey
1121:Norway
1024:Timing
955:Goethe
817:Sweden
787:Russia
737:France
727:Canada
537:Coping
282:Jauhar
267:Forced
176:Crisis
4746:Crime
4606:Dogma
4425:Exile
4270:Spain
4223:Nepal
4198:Japan
4176:youth
4171:India
4127:China
4076:Youth
3745:Honor
3598:Shame
3148:S2CID
2660:(PDF)
2649:(PDF)
2362:(PDF)
2225:S2CID
2103:(1).
2074:S2CID
1996:S2CID
1950:S2CID
1863:JSTOR
1634:(PDF)
1623:(PDF)
1484:S2CID
1441:S2CID
1099:" by
807:Spain
772:Nepal
762:Japan
747:India
732:China
562:Grief
314:Pilot
277:Honor
127:Shame
4188:Iran
4049:list
3854:Pact
3797:Sati
3767:Mass
3703:list
3691:list
3533:ACEs
3485:list
3346:PMID
3304:ISBN
3290:ISBN
3266:PMID
3258:ISSN
3216:ISBN
3189:ISSN
3140:ISSN
3105:PMID
3054:PMID
2985:ISBN
2954:PMID
2936:ISSN
2897:PMID
2879:ISSN
2830:ISSN
2795:PMID
2787:ISSN
2628:2015
2583:2011
2553:PMID
2535:ISSN
2484:ISBN
2455:PMID
2420:PMID
2337:PMID
2319:ISSN
2260:PMID
2217:PMID
2178:PMID
2133:PMID
2115:ISSN
2066:PMID
2031:PMID
1988:PMID
1942:PMID
1911:2011
1881:PMID
1824:PMID
1806:ISSN
1769:2018
1732:PMID
1714:ISSN
1600:ISBN
1572:PMID
1517:2011
1476:ISSN
1433:PMID
1393:ISBN
1353:Meme
1215:hide
1213:and
1083:and
752:Iran
339:Sati
329:Rail
302:Pact
292:Mass
246:list
193:list
67:ACEs
3336:PMC
3328:doi
3250:doi
3179:doi
3132:doi
3095:PMC
3085:doi
3044:PMC
3036:doi
3032:177
2977:doi
2944:PMC
2928:doi
2924:373
2887:PMC
2869:doi
2822:doi
2777:doi
2773:197
2621:NPR
2602:NPR
2543:PMC
2525:doi
2480:336
2447:doi
2410:PMC
2400:doi
2327:PMC
2309:doi
2252:doi
2209:doi
2168:PMC
2160:doi
2123:PMC
2105:doi
2058:doi
2023:doi
1980:doi
1934:doi
1871:PMC
1855:doi
1851:325
1814:PMC
1796:doi
1722:PMC
1704:doi
1562:PMC
1552:doi
1468:doi
1425:doi
1232:of
1107:of
252:Cop
5086::
4418:/
3344:.
3334:.
3324:57
3322:.
3318:.
3264:.
3256:.
3246:47
3244:.
3210:,
3187:.
3175:42
3173:.
3169:.
3146:.
3138:.
3128:24
3126:.
3103:.
3093:.
3081:76
3079:.
3075:.
3052:.
3042:.
3030:.
3026:.
3007:.
2983:,
2952:.
2942:.
2934:.
2922:.
2918:.
2895:.
2885:.
2877:.
2867:.
2855:.
2851:.
2828:.
2816:.
2793:.
2785:.
2771:.
2767:.
2712:.
2687:.
2683:.
2651:.
2636:^
2619:.
2600:.
2574:.
2551:.
2541:.
2533:.
2523:.
2511:.
2507:.
2482:.
2453:.
2443:25
2441:.
2418:.
2408:.
2394:.
2390:.
2335:.
2325:.
2317:.
2307:.
2295:.
2291:.
2258:.
2248:41
2246:.
2223:.
2215:.
2205:26
2203:.
2199:.
2176:.
2166:.
2154:.
2131:.
2121:.
2113:.
2101:18
2099:.
2095:.
2072:.
2064:.
2052:.
2029:.
2019:31
2017:.
1994:.
1986:.
1976:26
1974:.
1962:^
1948:.
1940:.
1930:87
1928:.
1902:.
1879:.
1869:.
1861:.
1849:.
1845:.
1822:.
1812:.
1804:.
1792:13
1790:.
1786:.
1758:.
1744:^
1730:.
1720:.
1712:.
1698:.
1694:.
1674:^
1658:.
1625:.
1584:^
1570:.
1560:.
1550:.
1538:.
1534:.
1508:.
1496:^
1482:.
1474:.
1462:.
1439:.
1431:.
1421:18
1419:.
1407:^
1387:.
1371:^
1248:.
970:.
963:.
946:.
933:A
37:,
4378:e
4371:t
4364:v
3451:e
3444:t
3437:v
3352:.
3330::
3310:)
3302:(
3296:)
3288:(
3272:.
3252::
3195:.
3181::
3154:.
3134::
3111:.
3087::
3060:.
3038::
3011:.
2979::
2960:.
2930::
2903:.
2871::
2863::
2857:8
2836:.
2824::
2818:4
2801:.
2779::
2727:.
2698:.
2669:.
2630:.
2604:.
2585:.
2559:.
2527::
2519::
2513:4
2492:.
2461:.
2449::
2426:.
2402::
2396:4
2375:.
2343:.
2311::
2303::
2297:9
2266:.
2254::
2231:.
2211::
2184:.
2162::
2139:.
2107::
2080:.
2060::
2054:8
2037:.
2025::
2002:.
1982::
1956:.
1936::
1913:.
1887:.
1857::
1830:.
1798::
1771:.
1738:.
1706::
1700:9
1668:.
1643:.
1608:.
1578:.
1554::
1546::
1540:4
1519:.
1490:.
1470::
1464:7
1447:.
1427::
1401:.
990:(
911:e
904:t
897:v
248:)
244:(
195:)
191:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
