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In normal speech, the vocal cords alternate between states of voice and voicelessness. In whispering, only the voicing segments change, so that the vocal cords alternate between whisper and voicelessness (though the acoustic difference between the two states is minimal). Because of this, implementing
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The prevalence and function of low-amplitude signaling by non-humans are poorly characterized. As such, it is difficult to ascertain the existence of whispering in non-humans. This is made more difficult by the specific physiology of human whispering. By sufficiently relaxing the definition of
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Such a relaxed definition of whispering (i.e., production of short-range, low-amplitude acoustic signals which are significantly different than those produced at high amplitude) cannot be applied to humans without including vocalizations distinct from human whispering (e.g.,
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If whispering is more broadly defined as the "production of short-range, low-amplitude acoustic signals," whispering is observed in myriad animals including non-human mammals, fish, and insects.
330:, is generally used only for dramatic or emphatic purposes. Whispering can strain the vocal cords more than regular speech in some people, for whom speaking softly is recommended instead.
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and a variety of bats. In captive cotton-top tamarins, whisper-like behavior is speculated to enable troop communication while not alerting predators. Numerous species of bats (e.g.,
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379:
If whispering is restricted to include only acoustic signals which are significantly different than those produced at high amplitude, whispering is still observed across
675:
775:
Ladich, Friedrich; Brittinger, Waltraud; Kratochvil, Helmut (1992). "Significance of agonistic vocalization in the croaking gourami (Trichopsis vittatus, Teleostei)".
398:
If whispering is restricted to include only creatures possessing vocal folds (i.e., mammals and some reptiles), whispering has been observed in species including
617:
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Faure, PA; Fullard, JH; Dawson, JW (1993). "The gleaning attacks of the northern long-eared bat, Myotis septentrionalis, are relatively inaudible to moths".
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of people speaking up close to the camera in a soft whisper, giving the viewer tingles. People often listen to these videos to help them sleep and to relax.
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information without being overheard or to avoid disturbing others in a quiet place such as a library or place of worship. Loud whispering, known as a
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55:
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by beating specialized pectoral fins. Female gouramis additionally use these fins to produce an acoustically distinct, low-amplitude "purr"
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whispering, it can be argued any number of non-human species demonstrate whisper-like behaviors. Often these behaviors function to increase
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If the information is appropriate for the lead of the article, this information should also be included in the body of the article.
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Fullard, J; Dawson, J (1997). "The echolocation calls of the spotted bat
Euderma maculatum are relatively inaudible to moths".
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in any language. However, a sub-dot under phonemically voiced segments is sometimes seen in the literature, as for whispered
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Whispering is generally used quietly, to limit the hearing of speech to those closest to the speaker; for example, to convey
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426:). Further research is needed to ascertain the existence of whispering in non-humans as established in the larger article.
356:, a tingling sensation caused by listening to soft, relaxing sounds. This phenomenon made news headlines after videos on
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812:"Females whisper briefly during sex: context- and sex-specific differences in sounds made by croaking gouramis"
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The low-amplitude vocalizations of cotton-top tamarins are believed to be an alternative to high-amplitude
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for whispered speech is more difficult, as the characteristic spectral range needed to detect
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Goerlitz, Holger; ter
Hofstede, Hannah; Zeale, Matt; Jones, Gareth; Holderied, Marc (2010).
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Morrison, Rachel; Diana, Reiss (2013). "Whisper‐like behavior in a non‐human primate".
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In 2010, it was discovered that whispering is one of the many triggers of
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1008:"An Aerial-hawking bat uses stealth echolocation to counter moth hearing"
423:
242:
183:
33:"Stage whisper" redirects here. For the Charlotte Gainsbourg album, see
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701:"GentleWhispering and ASMR: The voice that triggers euphoria and seven"
357:
286: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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contains information that is not included elsewhere in the article
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Functional
Neuroanatomy of Human Vocalization: An H215O PET Study
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446:. If true, both vocalizations would be distinct instances of
414:) alter their echolocation calls to avoid detection by prey.
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387:. Croaking gouramis produce a high-amplitude "croak" during
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An ASMR video wherein the performer whispers to the camera.
202:
to create audible turbulence during speech. Supralaryngeal
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These alterations come at the cost of spatial awareness.
639:"The Claim: Whispering Can be Hazardous to Your Voice"
591:"Larynx movements and intonation in whispered speech"
556:
John Laver, 1994, Cambridge
Textbooks in Linguistics.
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so that they do not vibrate; air passes between the
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849:Brumm, Henrik; Zollinger, Sue Anne (31 May 2017).
468:All mentioned species of bats prey on eared moths.
734:Reichard, Dustin; Anderson, Rindy (July 2015).
241:for whispered phonation, since it is not used
19:"Whisper" redirects here. For other uses, see
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8:
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618:"Whisper to Alexa, and She'll Whisper Back"
589:John Coleman; Esther Grabe; Bettina Braun.
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222:is not given through the total absence of
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302:Learn how and when to remove this message
78:Learn how and when to remove this message
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520:Other forms of unvoiced vocalization:
206:remains the same as in normal speech.
169:
89:
7:
637:O'Connor, Anahad (7 February 2011).
535:Autonomous sensory meridian response
284:adding citations to reliable sources
230:may be used, however, as is done by
973:The Journal of Experimental Biology
938:The Journal of Experimental Biology
226:. More advanced techniques such as
16:Speech without vocal cord vibration
789:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1992.tb00841.x
566:Language History: An Introduction.
14:
855:Proceedings. Biological Sciences
676:"The weirdest YouTube craze yet"
318:A girl whispers to another girl.
260:
170:Problems playing this file? See
155:
44:
851:"Vocal plasticity in a reptile"
656:Seal, Rebecca (22 March 2019).
271:needs additional citations for
1:
828:10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.04.014
753:10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.04.017
658:"HOW ASMR Become a Sensation"
383:. An unlikely example is the
1110:states (from open to closed)
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810:Ladich, Friedrich (2007).
237:There is no symbol in the
32:
25:
18:
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1025:10.1016/j.cub.2010.07.046
448:anti-predator adaptations
571:, 1999, John Benjamins,
554:Principles of Phonetics.
408:northern long-eared bats
21:Whisper (disambiguation)
1228:Harsh/ventricular voice
1244:Non-phonemic phonation
1187:(restricted airstream)
867:10.1098/rspb.2017.0451
482:Aspiration (phonetics)
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985:10.1242/jeb.178.1.173
950:10.1242/jeb.200.1.129
492:Cocktail party effect
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1236:(epiglottal trilled)
412:western barbastelles
280:improve this article
200:arytenoid cartilages
1190:(blocked airstream)
1181:(maximum vibration)
506:Whispering campaign
400:cotton-top tamarins
643:The New York Times
511:Whispering gallery
389:agonistic disputes
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212:speech recognition
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26:For the song, see
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707:. 2014-12-16
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404:spotted bats
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278:Please help
273:verification
270:
246:
243:phonemically
236:
232:Amazon Alexa
208:
204:articulation
179:
178:
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56:lead section
54:
1230:("pressed")
1155:Glottalized
1145:Stiff voice
1140:Modal voice
1135:Slack voice
979:: 173–189.
903:Zoo Biology
746:: 253–265.
252:Social role
192:vocal cords
68:August 2019
1224:("hollow")
711:2019-08-29
686:2019-08-29
623:2018-10-28
603:2022-03-15
577:1556199686
541:References
180:Whispering
172:media help
151:Whispering
119:̣
1282:Phonetics
1215:phonation
1160:Ballistic
1095:Phonation
797:0179-1613
680:NewsComAu
216:syllables
188:phonation
114:(decimal)
1276:Category
1256:Falsetto
1193:(fortis)
1171:(murmur,
1042:15939048
1034:20727755
923:24038444
885:28539517
861:(1855).
836:53164055
777:Ethology
762:53188816
476:See also
424:falsetto
196:abducted
186:mode of
184:unvoiced
125:Unicode
107:Encoding
93:Whispery
1261:Vibrato
1251:Whisper
1130:Breathy
1108:Glottal
993:8315370
958:9317482
876:5454267
530:panting
526:sighing
522:gasping
371:fitness
358:YouTube
247:should.
112:Entity
1125:Breath
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324:secret
182:is an
131:U+0323
1038:S2CID
832:S2CID
758:S2CID
594:(PDF)
430:Notes
220:words
127:(hex)
1030:PMID
989:PMID
954:PMID
919:PMID
881:PMID
793:ISSN
573:ISBN
528:and
499:vs.
354:ASMR
334:ASMR
224:tone
218:and
194:are
1020:doi
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946:doi
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871:PMC
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
