237:
29:
298:
White adipose tissue exists in various depots that may have different types of adipocytes. That is, different depots in different locations have different intrinsic properties. This led to various theories to find the adipogenic lineage of the white adipose tissue depots. A hypothesis is that the
249:
and intra-abdominal adipose tissue. Subcutaneous adipose tissue is directly underneath the skin, while the intra-abdominal adipose tissue surrounds the organs inside the abdomen such as intestine and kidneys. The intra-abdominal adipose tissues covers the
274:
In humans, white adipose tissue starts to develop during early to mid-gestation period. White adipose tissue consists of white adipocytes, which are the lipid storage cells. They are differentiated from undifferentiated
244:
White adipose tissue is most abundant in mammals and its distribution greatly varies among different species. Usually white adipose tissue can be found in two different locations of the body where it is stored:
517:
Stallknecht B, Simonsen L, Bülow J, Vinten J, Galbo H (December 1995). "Effect of training on epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis determined by microdialysis in human adipose tissue".
327:. The study of the gene expression is important as they can be indicative of various health issues such as obesity related risk factors including diabetes and metabolic conditions.
439:
Spirovski MZ, Kovacev VP, Spasovska M, Chernick SS (February 1975). "Effect of ACTH on lipolysis in adipose tissue of normal and adrenalectomized rats in vivo".
90:
707:
178:
from the pancreas, glucagon receptors cause a phosphorylation cascade that activates hormone-sensitive lipase, causing the breakdown of the stored fat to
190:, which is exported into the blood freely. There is actually no evidence at present that glucagon has any effect on lipolysis in white adipose tissue.
659:
Ahmadian M, Suh JM, Hah N, Liddle C, Atkins AR, Downes M, Evans RM (May 2013). "PPARγ signaling and metabolism: the good, the bad and the future".
644:
619:
262:
is part of the intra-abdominal adipose tissue that surrounds the intestine for the most part. White adipose tissue exists mostly as a single
214:. Fatty acids are taken up by muscle and cardiac tissue as a fuel source, and glycerol is taken up by the liver for gluconeogenesis.
1004:
700:
1021:
284:
170:, white adipose cells' insulin receptors cause a dephosphorylation cascade that leads to the inactivation of hormone-sensitive
474:
Kiwaki K, Levine JA (November 2003). "Differential effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone on human and mouse adipose tissue".
344:
AACE/ACE Obesity Task Force (1998). "AACE/ACE position statement on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of obesity".
283:(PPARγ), a protein regulating gene involved in regulation of fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism and members of the
85:
303:
which differentiates by the influence of specific gene expression into specialized white preadipocytes. Such genes are
969:
881:
693:
365:"Physiological levels of glucagon do not influence lipolysis in abdominal adipose tissue as assessed by microdialysis"
246:
203:
1118:
1060:
952:
73:
61:
236:
996:
961:
97:
224:
is primarily manufactured in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue which also produces another hormone,
300:
78:
979:
863:
834:
757:
288:
126:
147:, which forces the nucleus to be squeezed into a thin rim at the periphery. They have receptors for
140:
varies with age, but composes between 6–25% of body weight in adult men and 14–35% in adult women.
137:
853:
499:
259:
1075:
1052:
716:
676:
640:
615:
583:
534:
491:
456:
421:
386:
217:
White adipose tissue also acts as a thermal insulator, helping to maintain body temperature.
845:
672:
668:
573:
565:
526:
483:
448:
413:
376:
255:
28:
876:
292:
251:
199:
160:
476:
Journal of
Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology
417:
974:
807:
782:
578:
553:
195:
156:
122:
1112:
888:
530:
452:
211:
144:
503:
202:. The trigger for this process in white adipose tissue is instead now thought to be
276:
166:
White adipose tissue is used for energy storage. Upon release of insulin from the
295:. PPARγ is required for both the adipogenesis and maintenance of the adipocytes.
66:
1036:
787:
730:
179:
152:
1065:
820:
797:
772:
569:
487:
308:
280:
207:
1083:
1009:
913:
908:
898:
815:
792:
777:
263:
130:
587:
495:
390:
381:
364:
538:
425:
1026:
871:
735:
460:
363:
Gravholt CH, Møller N, Jensen MD, Christiansen JS, Schmitz O (May 2001).
225:
191:
187:
175:
167:
925:
920:
893:
183:
148:
103:
1031:
1014:
221:
171:
685:
1093:
324:
320:
316:
312:
304:
279:
through transcriptional cascade. This process is regulated by the
235:
49:
1088:
903:
740:
689:
281:
nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
194:
is now thought to act exclusively on the liver to trigger
240:
Distribution of white adipose tissue in the human body.
299:
precursors for the different types of adipocytes are
369:
The
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
1074:
1051:
995:
960:
951:
944:
862:
844:
833:
806:
765:
756:
749:
723:
129:. White adipose tissue is composed of monolocular
84:
72:
60:
48:
43:
38:
21:
182:, which are exported into the blood and bound to
174:. It was previously thought that upon release of
701:
8:
957:
948:
841:
762:
753:
708:
694:
686:
27:
577:
380:
16:Fatty tissue composed of white adipocytes
554:"Leptin signaling and leptin resistance"
336:
33:Illustration depicting white fat cells.
635:Pavelka, Margit; Roth, Jürgen (2010).
101:
18:
125:found in mammals. The other kind is
7:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
418:10.1146/annurev.me.20.020169.001231
519:The American Journal of Physiology
441:The American Journal of Physiology
14:
1005:Dense irregular connective tissue
639:. Vienna: Springer. p. 290.
143:Its cells contain a single large
531:10.1152/ajpendo.1995.269.6.E1059
453:10.1152/ajplegacy.1975.228.2.382
404:Lawrence AM (1969). "Glucagon".
1022:Dense regular connective tissue
285:CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein
138:amount of white adipose tissue
1:
266:in the subcutaneous tissue.
552:Zhou Y, Rui L (June 2013).
247:subcutaneous adipose tissue
204:adrenocorticotropic hormone
121:is one of the two types of
1135:
637:Functional Ultrastructure
614:. Springer. p. 150.
610:Symonds, Michael (2017).
570:10.1007/s11684-013-0263-5
488:10.1007/s00360-003-0377-1
406:Annual Review of Medicine
96:
26:
260:visceral adipose tissue
232:Location and morphology
136:In humans, the healthy
612:Adipose Tissue Biology
382:10.1210/jcem.86.5.7460
301:mesenchymal stem cells
241:
98:Anatomical terminology
558:Frontiers of Medicine
289:transcription factors
239:
55:textus adiposus albus
525:(6 Pt 1): E1059-66.
127:brown adipose tissue
115:White adipose tissue
22:White adipose tissue
671::10.1038/nm.3159.
242:
79:H2.00.03.4.00002
1119:Connective tissue
1106:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1047:
1046:
940:
939:
936:
935:
829:
828:
717:Connective tissue
646:978-3-211-99390-3
621:978-3-319-52031-5
112:
111:
107:
1126:
958:
949:
877:Reticular fibers
846:Ground substance
842:
763:
754:
710:
703:
696:
687:
680:
657:
651:
650:
632:
626:
625:
607:
592:
591:
581:
549:
543:
542:
514:
508:
507:
471:
465:
464:
436:
430:
429:
401:
395:
394:
384:
360:
354:
353:
341:
287:family, type of
256:abdominal cavity
104:edit on Wikidata
31:
19:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1098:
1070:
1043:
991:
932:
872:Collagen fibers
858:
836:
825:
808:Wandering cells
802:
745:
719:
714:
684:
683:
661:Nature Medicine
658:
654:
647:
634:
633:
629:
622:
609:
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515:
511:
473:
472:
468:
438:
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403:
402:
398:
362:
361:
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343:
342:
338:
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293:gene expression
272:
234:
200:gluconeogenesis
161:glucocorticoids
108:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1132:
1130:
1122:
1121:
1111:
1110:
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1103:
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1086:
1080:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1069:
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1063:
1057:
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1019:
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1001:
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990:
989:
988:
987:
982:
972:
966:
964:
955:
946:
942:
941:
938:
937:
934:
933:
931:
930:
929:
928:
923:
918:
917:
916:
911:
901:
896:
889:Elastic fibers
886:
885:
884:
874:
868:
866:
860:
859:
857:
856:
850:
848:
839:
835:Extracellular
831:
830:
827:
826:
824:
823:
818:
812:
810:
804:
803:
801:
800:
795:
790:
785:
783:Reticular cell
780:
775:
769:
767:
760:
751:
747:
746:
744:
743:
738:
733:
727:
725:
721:
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715:
713:
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705:
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682:
681:
652:
645:
627:
620:
593:
544:
509:
466:
431:
396:
355:
335:
334:
332:
329:
291:that promotes
271:
268:
233:
230:
196:glycogenolysis
157:norepinephrine
123:adipose tissue
110:
109:
100:
94:
93:
88:
82:
81:
76:
70:
69:
64:
58:
57:
52:
46:
45:
41:
40:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1131:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1038:
1035:
1033:
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1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
994:
986:
983:
981:
978:
977:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
965:
963:
959:
956:
954:
950:
947:
943:
927:
924:
922:
919:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
891:
890:
887:
883:
880:
879:
878:
875:
873:
870:
869:
867:
865:
861:
855:
852:
851:
849:
847:
843:
840:
838:
832:
822:
819:
817:
814:
813:
811:
809:
805:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
770:
768:
764:
761:
759:
755:
752:
748:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
728:
726:
722:
718:
711:
706:
704:
699:
697:
692:
691:
688:
678:
674:
670:
667:(5): 557–66.
666:
662:
656:
653:
648:
642:
638:
631:
628:
623:
617:
613:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
594:
589:
585:
580:
575:
571:
567:
564:(2): 207–22.
563:
559:
555:
548:
545:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
513:
510:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
470:
467:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
435:
432:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
400:
397:
392:
388:
383:
378:
375:(5): 2085–9.
374:
370:
366:
359:
356:
351:
347:
340:
337:
330:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
277:preadipocytes
269:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
238:
231:
229:
227:
223:
218:
215:
213:
212:noradrenaline
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
141:
139:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
105:
99:
95:
92:
89:
87:
83:
80:
77:
75:
71:
68:
65:
63:
59:
56:
53:
51:
47:
42:
37:
30:
25:
20:
984:
854:Tissue fluid
664:
660:
655:
636:
630:
611:
561:
557:
547:
522:
518:
512:
482:(8): 675–8.
479:
475:
469:
447:(2): 382–5.
444:
440:
434:
409:
405:
399:
372:
368:
358:
349:
346:Endocr Pract
345:
339:
297:
273:
243:
220:The hormone
219:
216:
165:
153:sex hormones
142:
135:
118:
114:
113:
54:
1076:Specialized
1066:Mesenchymal
1037:Aponeurosis
788:Tendon cell
750:Composition
731:Soft tissue
270:Development
180:fatty acids
145:fat droplet
44:Identifiers
821:Macrophage
798:Melanocyte
773:Fibroblast
724:Physiology
412:: 207–22.
331:References
264:adipocytes
208:adrenaline
131:adipocytes
1084:Cartilage
1053:Embryonic
1010:Submucosa
970:Reticular
899:Fibrillin
816:Mast cell
793:Adipocyte
778:Fibrocyte
675:3870016.
119:white fat
1113:Category
1027:Ligament
766:Resident
741:Scarring
736:Fibrosis
679:23652116
588:23580174
504:12459319
496:12925881
391:11344211
252:thoracic
226:asprosin
192:Glucagon
188:glycerol
176:glucagon
168:pancreas
975:Adipose
926:Elaunin
921:EMILIN1
894:Elastin
579:4069066
539:8572197
426:4893399
184:albumin
149:insulin
67:D052436
39:Details
1061:Mucoid
1032:Tendon
1015:Dermis
953:Proper
882:COL3A1
864:Fibers
837:matrix
643:
618:
586:
576:
537:
502:
494:
461:164126
459:
424:
389:
323:, and
258:. The
222:leptin
186:, and
172:lipase
159:, and
1094:Blood
997:Dense
985:White
980:Brown
962:Loose
945:Types
758:Cells
500:S2CID
325:HoxA5
321:HoxC8
317:HoxC9
313:Tbx15
305:Shox2
102:[
91:20117
50:Latin
1089:Bone
914:FBN3
909:FBN2
904:FBN1
677:PMID
641:ISBN
616:ISBN
584:PMID
535:PMID
492:PMID
457:PMID
422:PMID
387:PMID
352:(5).
254:and
210:and
198:and
62:MeSH
673:PMC
669:doi
574:PMC
566:doi
527:doi
523:269
484:doi
480:173
449:doi
445:228
414:doi
377:doi
309:En1
117:or
86:FMA
1115::
665:19
663:.
596:^
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572:.
560:.
556:.
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521:.
498:.
490:.
478:.
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315:,
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529::
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486::
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451::
428:.
416::
393:.
379::
350:4
106:]
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
