67:. They contrasted evidence which implicated these behaviors as risk and protective factors (respectively), comparing the treatment given to evidence for each conclusion. Their analyses confirmed that papers reporting null effects of soft drinks or breast-feeding on obesity were cited significantly less often than expected, and, when cited, were interpreted in ways that mislead readers about the underlying finding. Positive papers were cited more frequently than expected. For instance, of 207 citations of two papers finding no effects of sugared soft drink consumption on obesity, the majority of citations (84% and 66%) were misleadingly positive.
110:
96:
74:
Allison and Cope suggest that science might be protected better from these effects by authors and journals practicing higher standards of probity and humility in citing the literature. Young, Ioannidis and Al-Ubaydli (2008) discuss related concepts, framing scientific information and journals in the
71:
reanalysis of these data indicated that it was poor studies that found larger effects, and that the industry-funded studies were larger and better run: a finding consistent with a white hat bias, and suggesting that the true effect of sugar-sweetened beverages is smaller than most studies report.
83:
Having shown that industry studies were well run but that publication and citation bias existed against negative findings, and as predicted from a WHB effect, Allison—being funded himself by the food and beverage industry—became the subject of a media report by ABC condemning the influence of
70:
A meta-analysis had been reported showing that industry-funded studies reported smaller effects than did non-industry-funded studies, the implication being that industry funding leads researchers to bias their results in favor of the funder's presumed commercial interest. Allison and Cope's
75:
context of an economic good, with the goal being to transfer knowledge from scientists to its consumers, suggesting that acknowledging the full spectrum of effects on publication and treating addressing the effects as a moral imperative may aid this goal.
421:"Financial Conflicts of Interest and Reporting Bias Regarding the Association between Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Weight Gain: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews"
1083:
376:
Kaiser, K A; Cofield, S S; Fontaine, K R; Glasser, S P; Thabane, L; Chu, R; Ambrale, S; Dwary, A D; Kumar, A; Nayyar, G; Affuso, O; Beasley, M; Allison, D B (2012).
1058:
42:
in a 2010 paper and explained the motivation behind it in terms of "righteous zeal, indignation toward certain aspects of industry", and other factors.
26:) is a purported "bias leading to the distortion of information in the service of what may be perceived to be righteous ends", which consist of both
1088:
378:"Is funding source related to study reporting quality in obesity or nutrition randomized control trials in top-tier medical journals?"
177:"White hat bias: Examples of its presence in obesity research and a call for renewed commitment to faithfulness in research reporting"
485:
1181:
1078:
888:
1007:
893:
547:
542:
359:
665:
1001:
527:
633:
1131:
855:
655:
1160:
1155:
1068:
950:
715:
695:
591:
59:
This initial paper contrasted the treatment of research on the effects of nutritively-sweetened beverages and
1141:
825:
805:
586:
564:
920:
835:
810:
755:
109:
419:
Bes-Rastrollo, Maira; Schulze, Matthias B.; Ruiz-Canela, Miguel; Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel A. (2013).
873:
725:
601:
478:
1028:
945:
845:
780:
720:
710:
705:
569:
261:"Effects of Soft Drink Consumption on Nutrition and Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
925:
910:
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1038:
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883:
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refers idiomatically to an ethically good person, in this case one who has a righteous goal.
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980:
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358:"Is 'Big Food's' Big Money Influencing the Science of Nutrition?" (2011)
236:
219:
192:
64:
259:
Vartanian, Lenny R.; Schwartz, Marlene B.; Brownell, Kelly D. (2007).
220:"White hat bias: The need for authors to have the spin stop with them"
494:
39:
467:
308:
Young, Neal S; Ioannidis, John P. A; Al-Ubaydli, Omar (2008).
463:
310:"Why Current Publication Practices May Distort Science"
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989:
864:
501:
479:
8:
1142:Heuristics in judgment and decision-making
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472:
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170:
168:
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436:
401:
335:
325:
284:
235:
200:
160:
16:Type of bias in public health research
7:
218:Atkinson, R L; MacDonald, I (2010).
38:and Mark Cope first discussed this
14:
265:American Journal of Public Health
382:International Journal of Obesity
224:International Journal of Obesity
181:International Journal of Obesity
175:Cope, M B; Allison, D B (2009).
108:
94:
1:
438:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001578
327:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050201
34:. Public health researchers
1008:DĂ©formation professionnelle
1203:
1002:Basking in reflected glory
187:(1): 84–8, discussion 83.
84:industry on diet science.
1150:
1132:Cognitive bias mitigation
716:Illusion of transparency
277:10.2105/AJPH.2005.083782
1182:Public health research
1084:Arab–Israeli conflict
811:Social influence bias
756:Out-group homogeneity
726:Mere-exposure effect
656:Extrinsic incentives
602:Selective perception
394:10.1038/ijo.2011.207
237:10.1038/ijo.2009.269
193:10.1038/ijo.2009.239
951:Social desirability
846:von Restorff effect
721:Mean world syndrome
696:Hostile attribution
866:Statistical biases
644:Curse of knowledge
129:Replication crisis
116:Mathematics portal
1169:
1168:
806:Social comparison
587:Choice-supportive
30:the evidence and
1194:
966:Systematic error
921:Omitted-variable
836:Trait ascription
676:Frog pond effect
504:Cognitive biases
488:
481:
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431:(12): e1001578.
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144:Publication bias
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32:publication bias
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1120:
985:
860:
841:Turkey illusion
609:Compassion fade
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375:
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370:Further reading
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216:Editor's note:
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1125:Bias reduction
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1103:
1101:Political bias
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1029:Infrastructure
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946:Self-selection
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781:Pro-innovation
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766:Overton window
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634:Dunning–Kruger
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548:Correspondence
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543:Actor–observer
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388:(7): 977–981.
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351:
300:
271:(4): 667–675.
251:
159:
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146:
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136:
134:Cherry picking
131:
126:
120:
119:
105:
102:Science portal
89:
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56:
53:
28:cherry picking
20:White hat bias
15:
13:
10:
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1079:United States
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1054:False balance
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926:Participation
924:
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894:Psychological
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661:Fading affect
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477:
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425:PLOS Medicine
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314:PLOS Medicine
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154:
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149:Woozle effect
147:
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137:
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124:Academic bias
122:
121:
117:
111:
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103:
97:
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87:
85:
78:
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72:
68:
66:
62:
61:breastfeeding
54:
52:
50:
49:
43:
41:
37:
36:David Allison
33:
29:
25:
21:
1115:
1039:In education
1006:
990:Other biases
976:Verification
961:Survivorship
911:Non-response
884:Healthy user
826:Substitution
801:Self-serving
597:Confirmation
565:Availability
513:Acquiescence
428:
424:
385:
381:
354:
320:(10): e201.
317:
313:
303:
268:
264:
254:
227:
223:
184:
180:
139:Funding bias
82:
73:
69:
58:
46:
44:
23:
19:
18:
1106:Publication
1059:Vietnam War
906:Length time
889:Information
831:Time-saving
691:Horn effect
681:Halo effect
629:Distinction
538:Attribution
533:Attentional
79:Controversy
1176:Categories
1069:South Asia
1044:Liking gap
856:In animals
821:Status quo
736:Negativity
639:Egocentric
614:Congruence
592:Commitment
582:Blind spot
570:Mean world
560:Automation
155:References
1137:Debiasing
1116:White hat
1111:Reporting
1024:Inductive
941:Selection
901:Lead time
874:Estimator
851:Zero-risk
816:Spotlight
796:Restraint
786:Proximity
771:Precision
731:Narrative
686:Hindsight
671:Frequency
651:Emotional
624:Declinism
555:Authority
528:Anchoring
518:Ambiguity
360:ABC video
230:(1): 83.
48:white hat
45:The term
1034:Inherent
997:Academic
971:Systemic
956:Spectrum
936:Sampling
916:Observer
879:Forecast
791:Response
751:Optimism
746:Omission
741:Normalcy
711:In-group
706:Implicit
619:Cultural
523:Affinity
457:24391479
412:22064159
346:18844432
295:17329656
246:20062107
211:19949416
88:See also
55:Overview
1156:General
1154:Lists:
1089:Ukraine
1014:Funding
776:Present
761:Outcome
666:Framing
448:3876974
403:3288675
337:2561077
286:1829363
202:2815336
65:obesity
1161:Memory
1074:Sweden
1064:Norway
931:Recall
701:Impact
577:Belief
495:Biases
455:
445:
410:
400:
344:
334:
293:
283:
244:
209:
199:
1049:Media
1019:FUTON
1187:Bias
453:PMID
408:PMID
342:PMID
291:PMID
242:PMID
207:PMID
40:bias
1096:Net
981:Wet
443:PMC
433:doi
398:PMC
390:doi
332:PMC
322:doi
281:PMC
273:doi
232:doi
197:PMC
189:doi
63:on
24:WHB
1178::
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267:.
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228:34
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183:.
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163:^
487:e
480:t
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392::
362:.
348:.
324::
318:5
297:.
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191::
22:(
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