282:. Initial immunization is recommended between six and eight weeks of age, with four doses to be given in the first two years of life. Protection from pertussis decreases over time, so additional doses of vaccine are often recommended for older children and adults. Vaccination during pregnancy is highly effective at protecting the infant from pertussis during their vulnerable early months of life, and is recommended in many countries. Antibiotics may be used to prevent the disease in those who have been exposed and are at risk of severe disease. In those with the disease, antibiotics are useful if started within three weeks of the initial symptoms, but otherwise have little effect in most people. In pregnant women and children less than one year old, antibiotics are recommended within six weeks of symptom onset. Antibiotics used include
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in these persons may be asymptomatic, or present as illness ranging from a mild cough to classic pertussis with persistent cough (i.e., lasting more than 7 days). Even though the disease may be milder in older persons, those who are infected may transmit the disease to other susceptible persons, including unimmunized or incompletely immunized infants. Older persons are often found to have the first case in a household with multiple pertussis cases, and are often the source of infection for children.
923:
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53:
234:, fever, and mild cough, but these are followed by two or three months of severe coughing fits. Following a fit of coughing, a high-pitched whoop sound or gasp may occur as the person breathes in. The violent coughing may last for 10 or more weeks, hence the phrase "100-day cough". The cough may be so hard that it causes vomiting,
305:, and people of all ages may be affected. In 2015, pertussis resulted in 58,700 deaths – down from 138,000 deaths in 1990. Outbreaks of the disease were first described in the 16th century. The bacterium that causes the infection was discovered in 1906. The pertussis vaccine became available in the 1940s.
663:
Some studies have suggested that while acellular pertussis vaccines are effective at preventing the disease, they have a limited impact on infection and transmission, meaning that vaccinated people could spread pertussis even though they may have only mild symptoms or none at all. Pertussis infection
389:
Symptoms of pertussis can be variable, especially between immunized and non-immunized people. Those that are immunized can present with a more mild infection; they may only have the paroxysmal cough for a couple of weeks, and it may lack the "whooping" characteristic. Although immunized people have a
535:
A physician's overall impression is most effective in initially making the diagnosis. Single factors are much less useful. In adults with a cough of less than 8 weeks, vomiting after coughing or a "whoop" is supportive. If there are no bouts of coughing or there is a fever the diagnosis is unlikely.
385:
This stage usually lasts up to 3 months, or sometimes longer. A gradual transition then occurs to the convalescent stage, which usually lasts one to four weeks. This stage is marked by a decrease in paroxysms of coughing, although paroxysms may occur with subsequent respiratory infection for many
914:
Epidemics of the disease occur cyclically, every three to 5 years, both in areas with vaccination programs and those without. Over time, immunity declines in those who have either been vaccinated or have recovered from infection. In addition, infants are born who are susceptible to infection. An
699:
A reasonable guideline is to treat people age >1 year within 3 weeks of cough onset and infants age <1 year and pregnant women within 6 weeks of cough onset. If the person is diagnosed late, antibiotics will not alter the course of the illness, and even without antibiotics, they should no
635:
pertussis vaccine is 71–85% effective, with greater effectiveness against more severe strains. However, despite widespread vaccination, pertussis has persisted in vaccinated populations and is today "one of the most common vaccine-preventable diseases in
Western countries". The 21st-century
910:
was likely much higher. After vaccinations were introduced in the 1940s, pertussis incidence fell dramatically to approximately 1,000 by 1976. Incidence rates have increased since 1980. In 2015, 20,762 people were reported to have been infected in the United States. Pertussis is the only
609:. Evidence is insufficient to determine the effectiveness of antibiotics in those who have been exposed, but are without symptoms. Preventive antibiotics, however, are still frequently used in those who have been exposed and are at high risk of severe disease (such as infants).
902:. Pertussis is one of the leading causes of vaccine-preventable deaths worldwide. A study in 2017 estimated the global burden of the disease to be 24 million cases per year with 160,000 deaths among young children, with about 90% of all cases occurring in developing countries.
911:
vaccine-preventable disease that is associated with increasing deaths in the U.S. The number of deaths increased from four in 1996 to 17 in 2001, almost all of which were infants under one year. In the U.S. pertussis in adults has increased significantly since about 2004.
377:
stage). After one or two weeks, the coughing classically develops into uncontrollable fits, sometimes followed by a high-pitched "whoop" sound, as the person tries to inhale. About 50% of children and adults "whoop" at some point in diagnosed pertussis cases during the
809:
While most healthy older children and adults fully recover, infection in newborns is particularly severe. Pertussis is fatal in an estimated 0.5% of US infants under one year of age. First-year infants are also more likely to develop complications, such as:
700:
longer be spreading pertussis. When used early, antibiotics decrease the duration of infectiousness, and thus prevent spread. Short-term antibiotics (azithromycin for 3–5 days) are as effective as long-term treatment (erythromycin 10–14 days) in eliminating
314:
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toxoids to generate the first DTP combination vaccine. To minimize the frequent side effects caused by the pertussis component, Japanese scientist Yuji Sato developed an acellular vaccine consisting of purified haemagglutinins (HAs: filamentous
3756:
3741:
3726:
660:, surveillance systems, and case definitions used. The study said protective immunity after vaccination wanes after 4–12 years. One study suggested that the availability of vaccine exemptions increases the number of pertussis cases.
639:
Immunization does not confer lifelong immunity; a 2011 CDC study indicated that protection may only last three to six years. This covers childhood, which is the time of greatest exposure and greatest risk of death from pertussis.
572:). The bacteria can be recovered from the person only during the first three weeks of illness, rendering culturing and DFA useless after this period, although PCR may have some limited usefulness for an additional three weeks.
432:
Outbreaks of whooping cough have been observed among chimpanzees in a zoo, and among wild gorillas; in both cases it is considered likely that the infection was acquired as a result of close contact with humans. Several
643:
An effect of widespread immunization on society has been the shift of reported infections from children aged 1–9 years to infants, adolescents, and adults, with adolescents and adults acting as reservoirs for
655:
that wanes over time. A 2005 study said estimates of the duration of infection-acquired immunity range from 7 to 20 years and the different results could be the result of differences in levels of circulating
3048:
It is plausible that in humans, as in nonhuman primates, asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infections in DTaP-immunized persons may result in transmission of B. pertussis to others and may drive pertussis
259:, which is spread easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person. People are infectious from the start of symptoms until about three weeks into the coughing fits. Diagnosis is by collecting a
3921:
1942:
905:
Before vaccines, an average of 178,171 cases was reported in the U.S., with peaks reported every two to five years; more than 93% of reported cases occurred in children under 10 years of age. The actual
2593:
1392:"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
1340:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
298:. Evidence to support interventions for the cough, other than antibiotics, is poor. About 50% of infected children less than a year old require hospitalization and nearly 0.5% (1 in 200) die.
1730:"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013"
315:
362:. Vomiting after a coughing spell or an inspiratory whooping sound on coughing almost doubles the likelihood that the illness is pertussis. The absence of a paroxysmal cough or posttussive
316:
710:
Effective treatments of the cough associated with this condition have not been developed. The use of over the counter cough medications is discouraged and has not been found helpful.
1034:. Sato's acellular pertussis vaccine was used in Japan starting in 1981. Later versions of the acellular vaccine in other countries consisted of additional defined components of
2380:
3914:
2708:
van der Ark AA, Hozbor DF, Boog CJ, Metz B, van den
Dobbelsteen GP, van Els CA (September 2012). "Resurgence of pertussis calls for re-evaluation of pertussis animal models".
318:
967:(Evanston, IL). In 1925 Danish physician Thorvald Madsen was the first to test a whole-cell vaccine on a wide scale. Madsen used the vaccine to control outbreaks in the
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2582:
1216:
3617:
468:, mediate attachment to the epithelium. The bacteria then multiply. In infants, who experience more severe disease, the bacteria spread down to the lungs.
3143:
2792:"Molecular pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of respiratory infections due to Bordetella pertussis and other Bordetella subspecies"
625:
2753:"Pertussis: a concise historical review including diagnosis, incidence, clinical manifestations and the role of treatment and vaccination in management"
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Heymann, David L. (ed): Pertussis; in
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worldwide. More than 151,000 cases were reported globally during 2018. However not all cases are reported or correctly diagnosed, especially in
70:
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4737:
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3246:
1784:
Cornia PB, Hersh AL, Lipsky BA, Newman TB, Gonzales R (August 2010). "Does this coughing adolescent or adult patient have pertussis?".
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Serology may be used for adults and adolescents who have already been infected for several weeks to determine whether antibody against
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2372:
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reduces below decreases below a certain level. It is also possible that the bacterium is evolving to evade vaccine-induced immunity.
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resurgences in pertussis infections is attributed to a combination of waning immunity and bacterial mutations that elude vaccines.
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2937:"A longitudinal analysis of the effect of nonmedical exemption law and vaccine uptake on vaccine-targeted disease rates"
220:
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is usually seven to ten days. Disease may occur in those who have been vaccinated, but symptoms are typically milder.
3040:
1208:
536:
In children who have a cough of less than 4 weeks vomiting after coughing is somewhat supportive but not definitive.
5031:
3171:"Pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin: key virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis and cell biology tools"
335:
4009:
2300:"Clinically Diagnosing Pertussis-associated Cough in Adults and Children: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report"
4752:
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4135:
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which clears the airways of mucus and debris. TCT may contribute to the cough characteristic of pertussis.
87:
2003:
Palacios G, Lowenstine LJ, Cranfield MR, Gilardi KV, Spelman L, Lukasik-Braum M, et al. (April 2011).
553:
5247:
5165:
5124:
5120:
5001:
4995:
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4472:
4407:
4201:
4107:
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Bordetella infections". In Kasper DL, Fauci AS (eds.).
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People with pertussis are most infectious during the first two weeks following the onset of symptoms.
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5385:
5338:
5220:
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4829:
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4622:
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692:(TMP/SMX) may be used in those with allergies to first-line agents or in infants who have a risk of
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5017:
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4648:
4601:
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4087:
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3942:
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2403:
1597:"Safety and effectiveness of acellular pertussis vaccination during pregnancy: a systematic review"
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504:
260:
223:
134:
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369:
The illness usually starts with mild respiratory symptoms including mild coughing, sneezing, or a
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5302:
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4143:
4129:
4059:
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3689:
3390:
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2917:
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Wang K, Bettiol S, Thompson MJ, Roberts NW, Perera R, Heneghan CJ, et al. (September 2014).
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899:
472:
97:
77:
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1173:
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An estimated 16.3 million people worldwide were infected in 2015. Most cases occur in the
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420:(through droplets) that spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person.
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to begin her study of the disease. Over the next six years, her work was published in the
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Srugo I, Benilevi D, Madeb R, Shapiro S, Shohat T, Somekh E, et al. (October 2000).
2004:
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2504:
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Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, et al. (October 2016).
1305:
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milder form of the infection, they can spread the disease to others who are not immune.
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5061:
4924:
4820:
4777:
4672:
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2299:
2226:
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2152:
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2100:
2029:
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1705:
1623:
1596:
1473:
1416:
1391:
1364:
1339:
1010:
1002:
989:
960:
951:, who also developed the first serology and vaccine. Efforts to develop an inactivated
815:
677:
500:
291:
3677:
3289:
2849:(2nd ed.). Washington DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development,
1745:
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2737:
1813:
1338:
Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, et al. (October 2016).
519:
334:, or vomiting after coughing. The cough from pertussis has been documented to cause
5409:
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4662:
4390:
4330:
4277:
4262:
4207:
3877:
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2547:
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1006:
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681:
673:
359:
339:
287:
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264:
235:
93:
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437:
have a long-standing custom of vaccinating their primates against whooping cough.
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3414:"Bordetella pertussis , B. parapertussis , vaccines and cycles of whooping cough"
2270:
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4983:
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3640:
3476:
2315:
1528:
1138:
606:
453:
275:
227:
154:
3825:
2888:"Duration of immunity against pertussis after natural infection or vaccination"
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2840:
620:
are effective at preventing illness and are recommended for routine use by the
242:. Children less than one year old may have little or no cough and instead have
4357:
3831:
3787:
3218:
2986:"Pertussis infection in fully vaccinated children in day-care centers, Israel"
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2447:
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1503:
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370:
327:
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17:
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3350:
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632:
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3595:
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3204:
3122:
3033:
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3001:
2970:
2913:
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2825:
2729:
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2565:
2513:
2429:
2333:
2279:
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2038:
2020:
1878:
1805:
1797:
1763:
1714:
1632:
1581:
1547:
1425:
1373:
1274:
926:
An epidemiologist tests blood samples for pertussis during a 2010 outbreak.
495:
by an unknown mechanism. The elevated number of white blood cells leads to
3685:
2351:(in Spanish). Vol. 6 (3rd ed.). Barcelona: Salvat. p. 615.
1989:
1001:, she developed the first pertussis vaccine. In 1942, American scientists
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818:(0.15%). This may be due to the ability of the bacterium to suppress the
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446:
331:
2217:
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Whooping Cough".
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Knowledge (XXG)'s health care articles can be viewed offline with the
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1981:
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and infecting infants who have had fewer than three doses of vaccine.
402:
is on average 7–14 days (range 6–20 days), rarely as long as 42 days.
52:
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3542:
1475:
Pertussis
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
363:
355:
2005:"Human Metapneumovirus Infection in Wild Mountain Gorillas, Rwanda"
3610:"Changing the Face of Medicine | Dr. Leila Alice Daughtry Denmark"
2202:"Bordetella pertussis pathogenesis: current and future challenges"
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829:
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717:
518:
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2071:(3 ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 502–506.
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are frequently recommended due to lower rates of side effects.
628:. The vaccine saved an estimated half a million lives in 2002.
3272:
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2532:"Acellular vaccines for preventing whooping cough in children"
499:, a major cause of death by pertussis. In infants who develop
434:
2855:
Table 20.1 Selected
Vaccine-preventable Diseases and Vaccines
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After the bacteria are inhaled, they initially adhere to the
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1970:
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Human disease caused by the bacteria
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226:. Initial symptoms are usually similar to those of the
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1681:"Symptomatic treatment of the cough in whooping cough"
1174:"Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Causes & Transmission"
725:
for pertussis per 100,000 inhabitants as of 2004.
583:
is present at high levels in the blood of the person.
2651:
Mooi FR, Van Der Maas NA, De Melker HE (April 2014).
400:
time between exposure and the development of symptoms
3878:
Pertussis at Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology
3708:
3249:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
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4577:
4524:
4497:
4462:
4453:
4444:
4356:
4329:
4320:
4253:
4218:
4177:
4035:
4024:
3975:
3959:
3950:
3941:
3797:
3712:
191:
188:
169:
161:
150:
140:
128:
111:
103:
86:
76:
64:
42:
37:
2846:Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries
834:Whooping cough deaths per million persons in 2019
605:The primary method of prevention for pertussis is
1079:"Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Signs & Symptoms"
3459:Burdin N, Handy LK, Plotkin SA (December 2017).
3134:
3132:
2448:"Pertussis | Whooping Cough | Vaccination | CDC"
2258:Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
1209:"Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Specimen Collection"
2619:"Pertussis: Summary of Vaccine Recommendations"
2525:
2523:
1013:combined the whole-cell pertussis vaccine with
963:developed a weak vaccine for whooping cough at
684:are typically the recommended treatment. Newer
2414:(4th ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch.
2146:
2144:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1133:
1131:
3915:
2577:
2575:
2477:
2475:
2473:
1440:"Preventing Whooping Cough (Pertussis) | CDC"
1030:-promoting-factor HA), which are secreted by
544:Methods used in laboratory diagnosis include
8:
3570:"Childhood vaccine development: an overview"
3386:"Enduring and Painful, Pertussis Leaps Back"
2484:"Antibiotics for whooping cough (pertussis)"
1333:
1331:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1104:
1102:
1100:
814:(31%), pneumonia (12%), seizures (0.6%) and
3093:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2536:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2488:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1685:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1674:
1672:
1385:
1383:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
990:Journal of the American Medical Association
979:In 1932, an outbreak of whooping cough hit
263:. This sample can then be tested either by
261:sample from the back of the nose and throat
5372:
4977:
4825:
4668:
4653:
4459:
4450:
4326:
4032:
3972:
3956:
3947:
3922:
3908:
3900:
3709:
3465:Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
3144:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2623:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2252:Ebell MH, Marchello C, Callahan M (2017).
1568:"Pertussis vaccines: WHO position paper".
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1110:"Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Complications"
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
626:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
507:and cortical atrophy occur, likely due to
471:The bacteria secretes a number of toxins.
366:, though, makes it almost half as likely.
34:
3585:
3547:The International Federation of Red Cross
3492:
3351:"Pertussis: a disease affecting all ages"
3194:
3112:
3009:
2960:
2903:
2815:
2676:
2555:
2503:
2323:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2269:
2247:
2245:
2225:
2176:
2124:
2028:
1753:
1704:
1622:
1612:
1415:
1363:
704:with fewer and less severe side effects.
2892:The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
2054:Clinical Management of Infant Great Apes
1851:Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice
326:The classic symptoms of pertussis are a
3034:"Pertussis Vaccines:WHO Position Paper"
2769:10.1097/01.revmedmi.0000175933.85861.4e
1919:. New York State Department of Health.
1647:"Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Prevention"
1255:Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy
1139:"Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Fast Facts"
1051:
591:A similar, milder disease is caused by
483:in the airway and thereby inhibits the
3883:PBS NOVA – Vaccines: Calling The Shots
3407:
3405:
2663:(4). Oxford University Press: 685–94.
1557:from the original on 13 February 2015.
1306:"Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Treatment"
959:was cultured that year. In the 1920s,
60:A young boy coughing due to pertussis.
5088:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
3653:from the original on 5 February 2015.
2646:
2644:
2436:from the original on 14 October 2007.
1844:
1842:
1840:
1825:
1823:
1316:from the original on 11 February 2015
1184:from the original on 14 February 2015
410:Pertussis is caused by the bacterium
386:months after the onset of pertussis.
253:Pertussis is caused by the bacterium
7:
4473:Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus
3895:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
3517:"Facts and figures - Whooping cough"
2408:Bordetella–Clinical Manifestations.
1657:from the original on 8 February 2015
1219:from the original on 8 February 2015
1149:from the original on 7 February 2015
428:Humans are the only host species of
3568:Baker JP, Katz SL (February 2004).
3150:from the original on 14 August 2012
3046:from the original on 4 March 2016.
2935:Yang YT, Debold V (February 2014).
1570:Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire
1536:Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire
3935:Gram-negative bacterial infections
3620:from the original on 21 March 2015
3587:10.1203/01.PDR.0000106317.36875.6A
3330:from the original on 10 April 2017
2905:10.1097/01.inf.0000160914.59160.41
2790:Mattoo S, Cherry JD (April 2005).
2599:from the original on 24 March 2012
2406:. In Baron S, et al. (eds.).
2157:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
1492:from the original on 29 July 2017.
983:, Georgia, prompting pediatrician
25:
4292:Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
3398:from the original on 24 May 2013.
3373:from the original on 16 May 2008.
2941:American Journal of Public Health
2629:from the original on 29 June 2011
2383:from the original on 4 March 2016
1923:from the original on 22 July 2013
354:. Violent coughing can cause the
4508:Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus
4483:Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome
3861:
3384:Kate Murphy (22 February 2005).
3253:from the original on 12 May 2013
2458:from the original on 26 May 2017
2402:Finger H, von Koenig CH (1996).
244:periods when they cannot breathe
184:
51:
4274:Human granulocytic anaplasmosis
3278:The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
579:or another virulence factor of
4306:Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection
3247:"Pertussis in Other Countries"
3105:10.1002/14651858.CD003257.pub5
2841:"Vaccine-Preventable Diseases"
2583:"Annex 6 whole cell pertussis"
2548:10.1002/14651858.CD001478.pub6
2496:10.1002/14651858.CD004404.pub3
2069:Harrison's Infectious Diseases
1697:10.1002/14651858.CD003257.pub5
330:cough, inspiratory whoop, and
1:
4122:Flinders Island spotted fever
3678:10.1016/S0140-6736(84)90061-8
3290:10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30390-0
2808:10.1128/CMR.18.2.326-382.2005
2796:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
2412:Barron's Medical Microbiology
2105:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
1746:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2
1576:(40): 385–400. October 2010.
1408:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1
1356:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6
723:Disability-adjusted life year
690:Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
651:Infection induces incomplete
296:trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
5482:Vaccine-preventable diseases
5292:Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
4616:Burkholderia cepacia complex
4052:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
3169:Carbonetti NH (March 2010).
2990:Emerging Infectious Diseases
2271:10.3122/jabfm.2017.03.160330
2206:Nature Reviews. Microbiology
2009:Emerging Infectious Diseases
1917:"Pertussis (whooping cough)"
4953:Far East scarlet-like fever
4947:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
4563:Chromobacteriosis infection
3870:Medical Knowledge (XXG) app
3477:10.1101/cshperspect.a029454
2349:Patología y Clínica Médicas
2316:10.1016/j.chest.2018.09.027
1444:Centers for Disease Control
1114:Centers for Disease Control
1083:Centers for Disease Control
1038:and were often part of the
562:direct fluorescent antibody
352:vertebral artery dissection
336:subconjunctival hemorrhages
5498:
5477:Disorders causing seizures
3349:Gregory DS (August 2006).
3140:"Pertussis: Complications"
2657:Epidemiology and Infection
993:, and in partnership with
943:was discovered in 1906 by
219:, is a highly contagious,
4753:Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
4588:Burkholderia pseudomallei
4557:Chromobacterium violaceum
4487:Meningococcal septicaemia
4268:Anaplasma phagocytophilum
3355:American Family Physician
3223:World Health Organization
2710:Expert Review of Vaccines
2669:10.1017/S0950268813000071
2590:World Health Organization
1863:10.1016/j.pop.2018.05.003
1614:10.1186/s12879-020-4824-3
1542:(30): 337–40. July 2014.
1508:World Health Organization
622:World Health Organization
558:polymerase chain reaction
358:to rupture, leading to a
269:polymerase chain reaction
59:
50:
5228:Plesiomonas shigelloides
5010:Brazilian purpuric fever
4627:Bordetella parapertussis
4416:Bartonella bacilliformis
4235:Flea-borne spotted fever
4165:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
4158:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
4150:American tick bite fever
2953:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301538
915:epidemic can occur once
570:complement fixation test
460:, including filamentous
274:Prevention is mainly by
165:16.3 million (2015)
82:Runny nose, fever, cough
46:Pertussis, 100-day cough
5396:Guillain–Barré syndrome
5312:Cardiobacterium hominis
5272:Acinetobacter baumannii
5214:Vibrio parahaemolyticus
4933:Yersinia enterocolitica
4700:Klebsiella granulomatis
4136:African tick bite fever
4094:North Asian tick typhus
2379:. Euro Diagnostica AB.
1943:"15.3E: Whooping Cough"
1472:Atkinson W (May 2012).
999:Eli Lilly & Company
5248:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
5166:Francisella tularensis
5125:Legionella longbeachae
5121:Legionella pneumophila
4763:Enterobacter aerogenes
4408:Bacillary angiomatosis
4202:Orientia tsutsugamushi
4108:Queensland tick typhus
4080:Japanese spotted fever
4014:Flying squirrel typhus
3002:10.3201/eid0605.000512
2021:10.3201/eid1704.100883
1853:. Infectious Disease.
1798:10.1001/jama.2010.1181
927:
891:
806:
624:and the United States
587:Differential diagnosis
552:on a nutrient medium (
527:
497:pulmonary hypertension
456:. Surface proteins of
323:
122:spread through the air
5265:Moraxella catarrhalis
5131:Legionnaires' disease
5052:Pasteurella multocida
4682:Klebsiella pneumoniae
4479:Meningococcal disease
4286:Ehrlichia chaffeensis
4046:Rickettsia rickettsii
4010:Brill–Zinsser disease
4000:Rickettsia prowazekii
3430:10.1093/femspd/ftv055
3418:Pathogens and Disease
2347:Pedro-Pons A (1968).
2169:10.1093/infdis/jit639
1042:combination vaccine.
925:
833:
721:
522:
475:(TCT), a fragment of
321:
5426:Helicobacter cinaedi
5386:Campylobacter jejuni
5339:Aeromonas hydrophila
5221:Vibrio alginolyticus
4872:Shigella dysenteriae
4810:Citrobacter freundii
4767:Enterobacter cloacae
4623:Bordetella pertussis
4102:Rickettsia australis
2117:10.1128/CMR.00083-15
1402:(10053): 1459–1544.
1350:(10053): 1545–1602.
1180:. 4 September 2014.
1145:. 13 February 2014.
900:developing countries
554:Bordet–Gengou medium
550:nasopharyngeal swabs
525:Bordetella pertussis
413:Bordetella pertussis
344:urinary incontinence
322:A boy with pertussis
256:Bordetella pertussis
117:Bordetella pertussis
5404:Helicobacter pylori
4894:Bacillary dysentery
4839:Salmonella enterica
4787:Serratia marcescens
4706:Granuloma inguinale
4602:Burkholderia mallei
4537:Eikenella corrodens
4385:Bartonella quintana
4377:Cat-scratch disease
4371:Bartonella henselae
4088:Rickettsia sibirica
4074:Rickettsia japonica
3175:Future Microbiology
2898:(5 Suppl): S58-61.
2218:10.1038/nrmicro3235
1653:. 10 October 2014.
882: 60.00 - 99.99
876: 40.00 - 59.99
870: 20.00 - 39.99
864: 10.00 - 19.99
803: More than 550
631:The multicomponent
505:cerebral hemorrhage
221:vaccine-preventable
135:Nasopharyngeal swab
5467:Bacterial diseases
5392:Campylobacteriosis
5303:Cardiobacteriaceae
4804:Citrobacter koseri
4714:Klebsiella oxytoca
4144:Rickettsia parkeri
4130:Rickettsia africae
4060:Rickettsia conorii
3798:External resources
3574:Pediatric Research
3391:The New York Times
3187:10.2217/fmb.09.133
1947:Biology LibreTexts
1446:. 7 September 2022
1312:. 28 August 2013.
1267:10.1586/eri.09.124
1215:. 28 August 2013.
971:in the North Sea.
953:whole-cell vaccine
928:
892:
807:
737: Less than 50
618:Pertussis vaccines
528:
473:Tracheal cytotoxin
324:
309:Signs and symptoms
157:(if started early)
71:Infectious disease
5449:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5377:Campylobacterales
5362:
5361:
5343:Aeromonas veronii
5207:Vibrio vulnificus
5139:Coxiella burnetii
5106:
5105:
5032:H. parainfluenzae
4967:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4902:Proteus mirabilis
4849:Paratyphoid fever
4738:Enterohemorrhagic
4658:Enterobacteriales
4643:
4642:
4573:
4572:
4440:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4422:Carrion's disease
4316:
4315:
4300:Ehrlichia ewingii
4249:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4066:Boutonneuse fever
3857:
3856:
3068:. 1 February 2019
2864:978-0-8213-6179-5
2757:Rev Med Microbiol
2722:10.1586/erv.12.83
2078:978-1-259-83597-1
1982:10.1159/000156498
1905:978-0-87553-189-2
1485:978-0-9832631-3-5
965:Evanston Hospital
955:began soon after
858: 6.00 - 9.99
852: 3.00 - 5.99
846: 1.50 - 2.99
840: 0.00 - 1.49
696:from macrolides.
531:Based on symptoms
479:, kills ciliated
394:Incubation period
319:
280:pertussis vaccine
248:incubation period
224:bacterial disease
211:), also known as
177:
176:
145:Pertussis vaccine
130:Diagnostic method
32:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
5489:
5373:
5283:Xanthomonadaceae
5091:
5074:Actinobacillosis
5055:
4988:
4978:
4908:Proteus vulgaris
4826:
4723:Escherichia coli
4669:
4654:
4529:
4460:
4451:
4340:Brucella abortus
4327:
4322:Hyphomicrobiales
4229:Rickettsia felis
4188:Rickettsia akari
4116:Rickettsia honei
4033:
3986:Rickettsia typhi
3973:
3957:
3948:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3901:
3896:
3889:"Whooping Cough"
3865:
3710:
3698:
3697:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3645:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3589:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3496:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3409:
3400:
3399:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3243:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3198:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3136:
3127:
3126:
3116:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3045:
3038:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3013:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2964:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2907:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2819:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2680:
2648:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2598:
2587:
2579:
2570:
2569:
2559:
2527:
2518:
2517:
2507:
2479:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2377:Euro Diagnostica
2369:
2363:
2362:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2327:
2295:
2284:
2283:
2273:
2249:
2240:
2239:
2229:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2180:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2128:
2096:
2083:
2082:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2032:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1913:
1907:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1846:
1835:
1834:
1827:
1818:
1817:
1781:
1768:
1767:
1757:
1740:(9963): 117–71.
1725:
1719:
1718:
1708:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1626:
1616:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1533:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1469:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1419:
1387:
1378:
1377:
1367:
1335:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1302:
1287:
1286:
1250:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1205:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1170:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1106:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1075:
995:Emory University
887:
881:
875:
869:
863:
857:
851:
845:
839:
802:
796:
790:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
754:
748:
742:
736:
730:
694:pyloric stenosis
672:The antibiotics
653:natural immunity
594:B. parapertussis
481:epithelial cells
418:airborne disease
320:
303:developing world
210:
209:
206:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
55:
35:
21:
5497:
5496:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5486:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5441:
5358:
5324:
5297:
5277:
5239:Pseudomonadales
5233:
5193:Vibrio cholerae
5178:
5151:
5102:
5085:
5080:
5049:
5044:
4981:
4959:
4915:Yersinia pestis
4859:
4815:
4772:
4728:Enterotoxigenic
4660:
4639:
4579:Burkholderiales
4569:
4543:Kingella kingae
4525:
4520:
4493:
4432:
4426:Verruga peruana
4352:
4312:
4255:Anaplasmataceae
4241:
4214:
4173:
4027:
4020:
4006:Epidemic typhus
3964:
3937:
3928:
3887:
3874:
3866:
3858:
3853:
3852:
3793:
3792:
3721:
3707:
3702:
3701:
3672:(8369): 122–6.
3663:
3662:
3658:
3650:
3643:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3623:
3621:
3614:www.nlm.nih.gov
3608:
3607:
3603:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3552:
3550:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3526:
3524:
3523:. 15 March 2017
3515:
3514:
3510:
3471:(12): a029454.
3458:
3457:
3453:
3411:
3410:
3403:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3333:
3331:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3256:
3254:
3245:
3244:
3237:
3227:
3225:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3153:
3151:
3138:
3137:
3130:
3099:(9): CD003257.
3086:
3085:
3081:
3071:
3069:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3043:
3039:. August 2015.
3036:
3032:
3031:
3027:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2865:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2650:
2649:
2642:
2632:
2630:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2573:
2542:(9): CD001478.
2529:
2528:
2521:
2490:(3): CD004404.
2481:
2480:
2471:
2461:
2459:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2422:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2384:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2297:
2296:
2287:
2251:
2250:
2243:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2098:
2097:
2086:
2079:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1898:
1894:
1848:
1847:
1838:
1833:. 2 March 2019.
1829:
1828:
1821:
1783:
1782:
1771:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1691:(9): CD003257.
1678:
1677:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1554:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1486:
1471:
1470:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1337:
1336:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1304:
1303:
1290:
1252:
1251:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1207:
1206:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1172:
1171:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1116:. 4 August 2022
1108:
1107:
1098:
1088:
1086:
1085:. 4 August 2022
1077:
1076:
1053:
1048:
977:
938:
933:
890:
889:
885:
883:
879:
877:
873:
871:
867:
865:
861:
859:
855:
853:
849:
847:
843:
841:
837:
828:
805:
804:
800:
798:
794:
792:
788:
786:
782:
780:
776:
774:
770:
768:
764:
762:
758:
756:
752:
750:
746:
744:
740:
738:
734:
732:
728:
716:
670:
615:
603:
589:
577:pertussis toxin
542:
533:
517:
489:Pertussis toxin
443:
426:
408:
396:
313:
311:
187:
183:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5495:
5493:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5462:Whooping cough
5454:
5453:
5447:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5418:Gastric cancer
5400:
5399:
5398:
5381:
5379:
5370:
5364:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5334:
5332:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5307:
5305:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5295:
5287:
5285:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5268:
5261:
5260:
5259:
5243:
5241:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5224:
5217:
5210:
5203:
5202:
5201:
5188:
5186:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5161:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5116:
5114:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5094:
5092:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5068:Actinobacillus
5064:
5062:Pasteurellosis
5058:
5056:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5014:
5013:
5012:
5007:
4991:
4989:
4975:
4973:Pasteurellales
4969:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4925:Bubonic plague
4911:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4834:
4832:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4782:
4780:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4770:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4733:Enteroinvasive
4730:
4718:
4717:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4696:
4695:
4694:
4677:
4675:
4666:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4619:
4612:
4611:
4610:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4583:
4581:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4532:
4530:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4503:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4468:
4466:
4457:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4362:
4360:
4358:Bartonellaceae
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4335:
4333:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4259:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4224:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4194:Rickettsialpox
4183:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4041:
4039:
4030:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4016:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3981:
3979:
3970:
3961:Rickettsiaceae
3954:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3931:Pseudomonadota
3929:
3927:
3926:
3919:
3912:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3885:
3880:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3839:
3837:Whooping cough
3828:
3814:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3779:
3768:
3753:
3738:
3722:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3713:Classification
3706:
3705:External links
3703:
3700:
3699:
3656:
3631:
3601:
3560:
3549:. 14 June 2022
3534:
3508:
3451:
3401:
3376:
3341:
3311:
3284:(9): 974–980.
3264:
3235:
3210:
3161:
3128:
3079:
3053:
3025:
2976:
2927:
2878:
2863:
2831:
2782:
2743:
2716:(9): 1121–37.
2700:
2640:
2610:
2571:
2519:
2469:
2439:
2420:
2394:
2364:
2357:
2339:
2310:(1): 147–154.
2285:
2264:(3): 308–319.
2241:
2192:
2140:
2084:
2077:
2059:
2044:
2015:(4): 711–713.
1995:
1960:
1949:. 29 June 2018
1934:
1908:
1892:
1857:(3): 423–431.
1836:
1819:
1769:
1720:
1668:
1638:
1601:BMC Infect Dis
1587:
1560:
1520:
1495:
1484:
1457:
1431:
1379:
1327:
1288:
1230:
1195:
1160:
1127:
1096:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1011:Pearl Kendrick
1003:Grace Eldering
976:
973:
961:Louis W. Sauer
937:
934:
932:
929:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
835:
827:
824:
816:encephalopathy
799:
793:
787:
781:
775:
769:
763:
757:
751:
745:
739:
733:
727:
726:
715:
712:
678:clarithromycin
669:
666:
614:
611:
602:
599:
588:
585:
568:methods (e.g.
541:
538:
532:
529:
523:Gram stain of
516:
513:
501:encephalopathy
442:
439:
425:
422:
407:
404:
395:
392:
373:(known as the
310:
307:
292:clarithromycin
180:Whooping cough
175:
174:
171:
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
126:
125:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
90:
84:
83:
80:
74:
73:
68:
62:
61:
57:
56:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
38:Whooping cough
31:
26:
24:
18:Whooping Cough
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5494:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5436:
5434:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5414:MALT lymphoma
5411:
5408:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5387:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5365:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5346:
5345:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5330:Aeromonadales
5327:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5304:
5300:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5280:
5274:
5273:
5269:
5267:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5256:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5240:
5236:
5230:
5229:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5211:
5209:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5185:
5181:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5157:Thiotrichales
5154:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5113:
5112:Legionellales
5109:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5083:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5047:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4996:H. influenzae
4993:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4949:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4904:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4854:
4853:Salmonellosis
4850:
4846:
4845:Typhoid fever
4843:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4759:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4724:
4720:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4688:Rhinoscleroma
4686:
4685:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4523:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4443:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4366:Bartonellosis
4364:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4023:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3992:Murine typhus
3990:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3967:Rickettsioses
3962:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3952:Rickettsiales
3949:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3925:
3920:
3918:
3913:
3911:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3864:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3833:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3715:
3711:
3704:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3660:
3657:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3632:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3605:
3602:
3597:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3580:(2): 347–56.
3579:
3575:
3571:
3564:
3561:
3548:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3522:
3518:
3512:
3509:
3504:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3455:
3452:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3424:(7): ftv055.
3423:
3419:
3415:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3380:
3377:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3345:
3342:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3268:
3265:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3181:(3): 455–69.
3180:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3162:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3083:
3080:
3067:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3042:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2980:
2977:
2972:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2931:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2882:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2835:
2832:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2802:(2): 326–82.
2801:
2797:
2793:
2786:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2747:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2704:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2611:
2595:
2591:
2584:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2421:0-9631172-1-1
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2398:
2395:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2360:
2358:84-345-1106-1
2354:
2350:
2343:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2212:(4): 274–88.
2211:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2111:(3): 449–86.
2110:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2060:
2055:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1961:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1922:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1564:
1561:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1261:(2): 163–73.
1260:
1256:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
991:
986:
985:Leila Denmark
982:
974:
972:
970:
969:Faroe Islands
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
949:Octave Gengou
946:
942:
935:
930:
924:
920:
918:
917:herd immunity
912:
909:
903:
901:
897:
894:Pertussis is
832:
825:
823:
821:
820:immune system
817:
813:
797: 500–550
791: 450–500
785: 400–450
779: 350–400
773: 300–350
767: 250–300
761: 200–250
755: 150–200
749: 100–150
731: No data
724:
720:
713:
711:
708:
705:
703:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
667:
665:
661:
659:
654:
649:
647:
641:
637:
634:
629:
627:
623:
619:
612:
610:
608:
600:
598:
596:
595:
586:
584:
582:
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
539:
537:
530:
526:
521:
514:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
493:lymphocytosis
490:
486:
482:
478:
477:peptidoglycan
474:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
448:
440:
438:
436:
431:
430:B. pertussis.
423:
421:
419:
415:
414:
405:
403:
401:
393:
391:
387:
383:
381:
376:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
340:rib fractures
337:
333:
329:
308:
306:
304:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:rib fractures
233:
229:
225:
222:
218:
217:100-day cough
214:
208:
181:
173:58,700 (2015)
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
153:
149:
146:
143:
139:
136:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
99:
95:
91:
89:
88:Complications
85:
81:
79:
75:
72:
69:
67:
63:
58:
54:
49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
5433:Helicobacter
5432:
5424:
5410:Peptic ulcer
5402:
5384:
5349:
5337:
5310:
5290:
5270:
5263:
5254:
5246:
5226:
5219:
5212:
5205:
5191:
5184:Vibrionaceae
5164:
5137:
5119:
5086:
5066:
5050:
5030:
5016:
5002:
4994:
4982:
4945:
4931:
4913:
4906:
4900:
4870:
4837:
4808:
4802:
4793:
4785:
4761:
4721:
4712:
4698:
4680:
4621:
4614:
4600:
4586:
4555:
4541:
4535:
4526:
4506:
4471:
4455:Neisseriales
4414:
4402:
4398:
4391:Trench fever
4383:
4369:
4338:
4331:Brucellaceae
4298:
4284:
4278:Anaplasmosis
4266:
4263:Ehrlichiosis
4227:
4208:Scrub typhus
4200:
4186:
4164:
4156:
4142:
4128:
4114:
4100:
4086:
4072:
4058:
4044:
3998:
3984:
3933:-associated
3892:
3868:
3841:
3830:
3816:
3805:
3781:
3770:
3755:
3740:
3725:
3669:
3665:
3659:
3634:
3622:. Retrieved
3613:
3604:
3577:
3573:
3563:
3551:. Retrieved
3546:
3537:
3525:. Retrieved
3520:
3511:
3468:
3464:
3454:
3421:
3417:
3389:
3379:
3361:(3): 420–6.
3358:
3354:
3344:
3332:. Retrieved
3323:
3314:
3281:
3277:
3267:
3255:. Retrieved
3226:. Retrieved
3222:
3213:
3178:
3174:
3164:
3152:. Retrieved
3096:
3092:
3082:
3070:. Retrieved
3065:
3056:
3047:
3028:
2996:(5): 526–9.
2993:
2989:
2979:
2947:(2): 371–7.
2944:
2940:
2930:
2895:
2891:
2881:
2845:
2834:
2799:
2795:
2785:
2763:(3): 79–89.
2760:
2756:
2746:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2660:
2656:
2631:. Retrieved
2622:
2613:
2601:. Retrieved
2589:
2539:
2535:
2487:
2460:. Retrieved
2451:
2442:
2411:
2407:
2404:"Bordetella"
2397:
2385:. Retrieved
2376:
2367:
2348:
2342:
2307:
2303:
2261:
2257:
2209:
2205:
2195:
2163:(7): 982–5.
2160:
2156:
2108:
2104:
2068:
2062:
2053:
2047:
2012:
2008:
1998:
1976:(1): 45–50.
1973:
1969:
1963:
1951:. Retrieved
1946:
1937:
1925:. Retrieved
1911:
1895:
1854:
1850:
1792:(8): 890–6.
1789:
1785:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1688:
1684:
1659:. Retrieved
1650:
1641:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1539:
1535:
1523:
1511:. Retrieved
1507:
1498:
1474:
1448:. Retrieved
1443:
1434:
1399:
1395:
1347:
1343:
1318:. Retrieved
1309:
1258:
1254:
1221:. Retrieved
1212:
1186:. Retrieved
1177:
1151:. Retrieved
1142:
1118:. Retrieved
1113:
1087:. Retrieved
1082:
1036:B. pertussis
1035:
1032:B. pertussis
1031:
1028:leukocytosis
1024:strep throat
1007:Loney Gordon
988:
978:
957:B. pertussis
956:
945:Jules Bordet
941:B. pertussis
940:
939:
913:
904:
893:
826:Epidemiology
808:
743: 50–100
709:
706:
702:B. pertussis
701:
698:
682:azithromycin
674:erythromycin
671:
662:
658:B. pertussis
657:
650:
646:B. pertussis
645:
642:
638:
630:
616:
604:
592:
590:
581:B. pertussis
580:
574:
543:
534:
524:
470:
462:hemaglutinin
458:B. pertussis
457:
444:
429:
427:
424:Host species
411:
409:
397:
388:
384:
368:
360:pneumothorax
325:
300:
288:azithromycin
284:erythromycin
273:
254:
252:
216:
212:
179:
178:
115:
29:
5255:Pseudomonas
5003:Haemophilus
4984:Haemophilus
4939:Yersiniosis
4890:Shigellosis
4594:Melioidosis
4403:B. quintana
4399:B. henselae
4346:Brucellosis
3893:MedlinePlus
3807:MedlinePlus
3639:Bannink J.
3324:www.cdc.gov
3219:"Pertussis"
3066:www.cdc.gov
2452:www.cdc.gov
2387:29 February
2373:"Pertussis"
1661:13 February
1504:"Pertussis"
1320:13 February
1223:13 February
1188:12 February
1153:12 February
607:vaccination
566:serological
564:(DFA), and
454:nasopharynx
416:. It is an
276:vaccination
228:common cold
155:Antibiotics
94:broken ribs
43:Other names
5472:Pediatrics
5456:Categories
5435:cellulitis
5018:H. ducreyi
5005:meningitis
4527:ungrouped:
4220:Flea-borne
4179:Mite-borne
4037:Tick-borne
3832:Patient UK
3783:DiseasesDB
3624:3 February
3521:NSW Health
3049:outbreaks.
2851:World Bank
1607:(1): 136.
1046:References
1015:diphtheria
888: 100+
686:macrolides
601:Prevention
450:epithelium
380:paroxysmal
371:runny nose
328:paroxysmal
232:runny nose
141:Prevention
107:~ 3 months
98:exhaustion
92:Vomiting,
5352:infection
5350:Aeromonas
5257:infection
5172:Tularemia
5024:Chancroid
4796:infection
4778:Slow/weak
4692:Pneumonia
4633:Pertussis
4514:Gonorrhea
4167:infection
3823:emerg/394
3818:eMedicine
3485:1943-0264
3438:2049-632X
3298:1474-4457
3154:24 August
2695:206283573
1887:240275364
1871:0095-4543
1283:207217558
936:Discovery
908:incidence
714:Prognosis
668:Treatment
633:acellular
546:culturing
540:Lab tests
515:Diagnosis
485:mechanism
466:pertactin
441:Mechanism
375:catarrhal
278:with the
213:pertussis
162:Frequency
151:Treatment
66:Specialty
4880:flexneri
4794:Serratia
4608:Glanders
3843:Orphanet
3826:ped/1778
3694:23621152
3648:Archived
3618:Archived
3596:14630981
3553:26 March
3527:26 March
3503:28289064
3446:26242280
3396:Archived
3371:Archived
3367:16913160
3334:10 April
3328:Archived
3306:28623146
3251:Archived
3228:26 March
3205:20210554
3148:Archived
3123:25243777
3072:24 April
3041:Archived
3020:10998384
2971:24328666
2922:45434262
2914:15876927
2873:21250343
2826:15831828
2777:71775827
2738:10457474
2730:23151168
2687:23406868
2627:Archived
2594:Archived
2566:25228233
2514:17636756
2505:11322855
2456:Archived
2434:Archived
2430:21413270
2381:Archived
2334:30321509
2280:28484063
2236:24608338
2187:24626533
2135:27029594
2039:21470468
1953:29 March
1921:Archived
1879:30115332
1814:14430946
1806:20736473
1764:25530442
1715:25243777
1655:Archived
1633:32054444
1582:20939150
1552:Archived
1548:25072068
1513:26 March
1490:Archived
1426:27733281
1374:27733282
1314:Archived
1275:20109046
1217:Archived
1182:Archived
1147:Archived
1120:26 March
1089:26 March
447:ciliated
332:fainting
104:Duration
78:Symptoms
5199:Cholera
5145:Q fever
4748:O104:H4
4743:O157:H7
4397:Either
4026:Spotted
3777:D014917
3686:6140441
3494:5710106
3257:30 July
3196:2851156
3114:7154224
3011:2627963
2962:3935668
2817:1082800
2678:9151166
2557:9722541
2325:6859243
2227:4205565
2178:3952676
2126:4861987
2030:3377396
1990:2394416
1755:4340604
1706:7154224
1651:cdc.gov
1624:7020352
1417:5388903
1365:5055577
1310:cdc.gov
1213:cdc.gov
1178:cdc.gov
1143:cdc.gov
1019:tetanus
981:Atlanta
975:Vaccine
931:History
896:endemic
613:Vaccine
560:(PCR),
509:hypoxia
491:causes
452:in the
382:stage.
348:hernias
265:culture
240:fatigue
230:with a
215:or the
4921:Plague
4884:boydii
4876:sonnei
3977:Typhus
3812:001561
3692:
3684:
3666:Lancet
3594:
3501:
3491:
3483:
3444:
3436:
3365:
3304:
3296:
3203:
3193:
3121:
3111:
3018:
3008:
2969:
2959:
2920:
2912:
2871:
2861:
2824:
2814:
2775:
2736:
2728:
2693:
2685:
2675:
2633:5 June
2603:5 June
2564:
2554:
2512:
2502:
2462:27 May
2428:
2418:
2355:
2332:
2322:
2278:
2234:
2224:
2185:
2175:
2133:
2123:
2075:
2037:
2027:
1988:
1927:8 June
1903:
1885:
1877:
1869:
1812:
1804:
1762:
1752:
1734:Lancet
1713:
1703:
1631:
1621:
1580:
1546:
1482:
1450:21 May
1424:
1414:
1396:Lancet
1372:
1362:
1344:Lancet
1281:
1273:
1009:, and
886:
880:
874:
868:
862:
856:
850:
844:
838:
812:apneas
801:
795:
789:
783:
777:
771:
765:
759:
753:
747:
741:
735:
729:
364:emesis
356:pleura
350:, and
267:or by
246:. The
238:, and
170:Deaths
112:Causes
5318:HACEK
5098:HACEK
5038:HACEK
4549:HACEK
4028:fever
3690:S2CID
3651:(PDF)
3644:(PDF)
3044:(PDF)
3037:(PDF)
2918:S2CID
2773:S2CID
2734:S2CID
2691:S2CID
2597:(PDF)
2586:(PDF)
2304:Chest
1883:S2CID
1810:S2CID
1555:(PDF)
1532:(PDF)
1279:S2CID
680:, or
406:Cause
294:, or
4864:H2S−
4830:H2S+
4821:Lac−
4673:Lac+
3848:1489
3788:1523
3772:MeSH
3761:9-CM
3736:1C12
3682:PMID
3626:2016
3592:PMID
3555:2024
3529:2024
3499:PMID
3481:ISSN
3442:PMID
3434:ISSN
3363:PMID
3336:2017
3302:PMID
3294:ISSN
3259:2024
3230:2024
3201:PMID
3156:2012
3119:PMID
3074:2020
3016:PMID
2967:PMID
2910:PMID
2869:PMID
2859:ISBN
2822:PMID
2726:PMID
2683:PMID
2635:2011
2605:2011
2562:PMID
2540:2014
2510:PMID
2464:2017
2426:PMID
2416:ISBN
2389:2016
2353:ISBN
2330:PMID
2276:PMID
2232:PMID
2183:PMID
2131:PMID
2073:ISBN
2035:PMID
1986:PMID
1955:2024
1929:2013
1901:ISBN
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