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When Google reports hit count estimates over a few hundred, the results should never be taken at face value, or any value at all—they're not only too inaccurate for serious research, but demonstrably flaky. In these cases we can assume that Google has tried to return all the pages in its index that
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If an examination of the sources in an article shows that one name or version of the name stands out as clearly the most commonly used in the
English language, we should follow the sources and use it. Whenever something else is demonstrably more common in reliable sources for English as a whole, and
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be wrong; a search engine loads only a limited number of hits, no matter how many there are. Counts over 1,000 are usually estimates, and may be extremely inaccurate. If several competing versions of a name have roughly equal numbers (say 603 for one variant and 430 for another), there may well be
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In general, the sources in the article, a Google book search of books published in the last quarter-century or thereabouts, and a selection of other encyclopaedias should all be examples of reliable sources; if all three of them use a term, then that is fairly conclusive. If one of those three
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The body of each article, preferably in its first paragraph, should list all frequently used names by which its subject is widely known. When the native name is written in a non-Latin script, this representation should be included along with a Latin alphabet transliteration. For example, the
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The native spelling of a name should generally be included in parentheses, in the first line of the article, with a transliteration if the
Anglicization isn't identical. Redirects from native and other historically relevant names are encouraged. Where there is an English word or an
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When there is evenly divided usage and other guidelines do not apply, leave the article name at the latest stable version. If it is unclear whether an article's name has been stable, defer to the name used by the first major contributor after the article ceased to be a
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are problematic unless their verdict is overwhelming; modified letters have the additional difficulties that some search engines will not distinguish between the original and modified forms, and others fail to recognize the modified letter because of
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It can happen that an otherwise notable topic has not yet received much attention in the
English-speaking world, so that there are too few sources in English to constitute an established usage. Very low Google counts
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contain the search string. (A figure between 700 and 1000 might be an accurate count, but might also be Google's effort to return around 1000 pages for a term that appears on thousands or millions of web pages.)
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be accurate for the engine's particular corpus of
English, but whether this represents all English usage is less certain. If there are more than 700 estimated hits, the number from the last page
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are generally considered unreliable for testing whether one term is more common than another, but can suggest that no single term is predominant in
English. If there are fewer than 700 hits, the
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If a particular name is widely used in
English-language sources, then that name is generally the most appropriate, no matter what name is used by non-English sources.
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for the subject but a native version is more common in
English-language usage, the English name should be mentioned but should not be used as the article title.
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It is not our business to predict what term will be in use, but rather to observe what is and has been in use and will therefore be familiar to our readers. If
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diverges from agreement then more investigation will be needed. If there is no consensus in the sources, either form will normally be acceptable as a title.
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regulated use of diacritics regarding
Ireland-related articles before, during, and after an extensive dispute on the question of diacritics in 2005, such as
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than to less reliable sources (such as comments in forums, mailing lists and the like). Also, consult reliable works of general reference in
English.
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should generally use the version of the name of the subject that is most common in the
English language, as you would find it in
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divided usage. When in doubt, search results should also be evaluated with more weighting given to
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other encyclopedias and reference works, scholarly journals, and major news sources
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This is the English Knowledge (XXG). Article titles should be written in English.
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