Knowledge (XXG):Article titles

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spellings, longer or shorter forms, historic names, and significant names in other languages – or there is something notable about the names themselves, a separate name section is recommended. Alternative names may be used in article text when context dictates that they are more appropriate than the name used as the title of the article. For example, the city now called

1643:). This practice of using specialized names is often controversial, and should not be adopted unless it produces clear benefits outweighing the use of common names. When it is, the article titles adopted should follow a neutral and common convention specific to that subject domain, and otherwise adhere to the general principles for titling articles on Knowledge (XXG). 71: 3371:(accent marks), dashes, or other letters and characters not found on most English-language keyboards. This can make it difficult to navigate to the article directly. In such cases, provide redirects from versions of the title that use only standard keyboard characters. (Similarly, in cases where it is determined that the most appropriate title is one that omits 1370:("reliable sources" for short) written after the name change. If the reliable sources written after the change is announced routinely use the new name, Knowledge (XXG) should follow suit and change relevant titles to match. If, on the other hand, reliable sources written after the name change is announced continue to use the established name 141: 1481:). In such cases, the prevalence of the name, or the fact that a given description has effectively become a proper name (and that proper name has become the common name), generally overrides concern that Knowledge (XXG) might appear as endorsing one side of an issue. An article title with non-neutral terms cannot simply be 3811:

a discussion that leads to consensus is strongly discouraged. If an article title has been stable for a long time, and there is no good reason to change it, it should not be changed. Consensus among editors determines if there does exist a good reason to change the title. If it has never been stable,

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In discussing the appropriate title of an article, remember that the choice of title is not dependent on whether a name is "right" in a moral or political sense. Nor does the use of a name in the title of one article require that all related articles use the same name in their titles; there is often

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By the design of Knowledge (XXG)'s software, an article can only have one title. When this title is a name, significant alternative names for the topic should be mentioned in the article, usually in the first sentence or paragraph. If there are three or more alternative names – including alternative

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When the subject of an article is referred to mainly by a single common name, as evidenced through usage in a significant majority of English-language sources, Knowledge (XXG) generally follows the sources and uses that name as its article title (subject to the other naming criteria). Sometimes that

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may help to collect this data; when using a search engine, restrict the results to pages written in English, and exclude the word "Knowledge (XXG)". When using Google, generally a search of Google Books and News Archive should be defaulted to before a web search, as they concentrate reliable sources

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a descriptive title. Even descriptive titles should be based on sources, and may therefore incorporate names and terms that are commonly used by sources. (Example: Because "Boston Massacre" is an acceptable title on its own, the descriptive title "Political impact of the Boston Massacre" would also

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When titling articles in specific fields, or with respect to particular problems, there is often previous consensus that can be used as a precedent. Look to the guideline pages referenced. When no previous consensus exists, a new consensus is established through discussion, with the above questions

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The title may simply be the name (or a name) of the subject of the article, or, if the article topic has no name, it may be a description of the topic. Because no two articles can have the same title, it is sometimes necessary to add distinguishing information, often in the form of a description in

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word or expression that indicates the subject of the article; as such, the article title is usually the name of the person, or of the place, or of whatever else the topic of the article is. However, some topics have multiple names, and some names have multiple topics; this can lead to disagreement

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This includes but is not limited to usage in the sources used as references for the article. Discussions about article titles commonly look at additional off-site sourcing, such as frequency of usage in news publications, books, and journals. "Common name" in the context of article naming means a

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These should be seen as goals, not as rules. For most topics, there is a simple and obvious title that meets these goals satisfactorily. If so, use it as a straightforward choice. However, in some cases the choice is not so obvious. It may be necessary to favor one or more of these goals over the

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can either imply wrongdoing, or in a non-criminal context may imply a claim "made with little or no proof" and so should be avoided in a descriptive title. (Exception: articles where the topic is an actual accusation of illegality under law, discussed as such by reliable sources even if not yet

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If there are too few reliable English-language sources to constitute an established usage, follow the conventions of the language appropriate to the subject (German for German politicians, Portuguese for Brazilian towns, and so on). For lesser known geographical objects or structures with few

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Although official, scientific, birth, original, or trademarked names are often used for article titles, the term or name most typically used in reliable sources is generally preferred. Other encyclopedias are among the sources that may be helpful in deciding what titles are in an encyclopedic

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On the English Knowledge (XXG), article titles are written using the English language. However, it must be remembered that the English language contains many loan words and phrases taken from other languages. If a word or phrase (originally taken from some other language) is commonly used by

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In determining which of several alternative names is most frequently used, it is useful to observe the usage of major international organizations, major English-language media outlets, quality encyclopedias, geographic name servers, major scientific bodies, and notable scientific journals. A

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In deciding whether and how to translate a foreign name into English, follow English-language usage. If there is no established English-language treatment for a name, translate it if this can be done without loss of accuracy and with greater understanding for the English-speaking reader.

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Italic formatting cannot be part of the actual (stored) title of a page; adding single quotes to a page title will cause those quotes to become part of the URL, rather than affecting its appearance. A title or part of it is made to appear in italics with the use of the

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about which name should be used for a given article's title. Knowledge (XXG) does not necessarily use the subject's official name as an article title; it generally prefers the name that is most commonly used (as determined by its prevalence in a significant majority of

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Although titles for articles are subject to consensus, do not invent names or use extremely uncommon names as a means of compromising between opposing points of view. Knowledge (XXG) describes current usage but cannot prescribe a particular usage or invent new names.

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The title displayed as the article's main heading is usually identical (and always similar) to the stored title by which the page is referenced in category listings, recent changes lists, etc., and that appears (suitably encoded as necessary) in the page's

3137: 661: 4156:). The content change after the move is also relevant, as well as the time a previous move was made. If significant changes have been made after a move, several months may be considered "stable". Otherwise, significantly longer is generally required. 3661:

Article titles follow standard English text formatting in the case of trademarks, unless the trademarked spelling is demonstrably the most common usage in sources independent of the owner of the trademark. Items in full or partial uppercase (such as

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to that article. If they are ambiguous, it should be ensured that the article can at least be reached from a disambiguation page for the alternative term. Note that the exact capitalization of the article's title does not affect Knowledge (XXG)

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listed above. When there is no single, obvious name that is demonstrably the most frequently used for the topic by these sources, editors should reach a consensus as to which title is best by considering these criteria directly.

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The English-language names of some topics may differ according to how names are anglicized from other languages, or according to different varieties of English (e.g. American English, British English, Australian English, etc.).

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outlined above. Ambiguous or inaccurate names for the article subject, as determined in reliable sources, are often avoided even though they may be more frequently used by reliable sources. Neutrality is also considered; see

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appears at the top of a reader's browser window and as a large level 1 heading above the editable text of an article, circled here in dark red. The name or names given in the first sentence do not always match the article

927:– The title is one that readers are likely to look or search for and that editors would naturally use to link to the article from other articles. Such a title usually conveys what the subject is actually called in English. 2956:. The initial letter of a title is almost always capitalized by default; otherwise, words are not capitalized unless they would be so in running text. When this is done, the title is simple to link to in other articles: 2204:. The general approach is that whatever readers might type in the search box, they are guided as swiftly as possible to the topic they might reasonably be expected to be looking for, by such disambiguation techniques as 3624:

be used in Knowledge (XXG) article titles (except for articles on mathematics). Quotation marks (such as around song titles) would not require special techniques for display, but are nevertheless avoided in titles; see

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To the extent that it is practical, titles should be consistent among articles covering similar topics. However, there has been a history of consensus among editors regarding several areas where consistency does

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or it has been unstable for a long time, and no consensus can be reached on what the title should be, default to the title the article had when the first major contribution after the article ceased to be a

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when searching Google Books). Search engine results are subject to certain biases and technical limitations; for detailed advice on the use of search engines and the interpretation of their results, see

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It is not always possible to use the exact title that may be desired for an article, as that title may have other meanings, and therefore may have been already used for other articles. According to the

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Abbreviations and acronyms are often ambiguous and thus should be avoided unless the subject is known primarily by its abbreviation and that abbreviation is primarily associated with the subject (e.g.

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relating to specific subject domains (as listed in the box at the top of this page). In rare cases, these recommend the use of titles that are not strictly the common name (as in the case of the

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are normally preferred over titles using other parts of speech; such a title can be the subject of the first sentence. One major exception is for titles that are quotations or titles of works:

845:. It is supplemented by other more specific guidelines (see the box to the right), which should be interpreted in conjunction with other policies, particularly the three core content policies: 2501:

It is not considered important for article titles on the English Knowledge (XXG) to be consistent with titles used by the corresponding articles on other language versions of Knowledge (XXG).

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Adding a disambiguating term in parentheses after the ambiguous name is Knowledge (XXG)'s standard disambiguation technique when none of the other solutions lead to an optimal article title.

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The titles of articles, chapters, songs, episodes, storylines, research papers and other short works instead take double quotation marks. Italics are not used for major religious works (

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is used), it should be named independently. For example, an article on transport in Azerbaijan should not be given a name like "Azerbaijan/Transport" or "Azerbaijan (transport)"; use

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Conflicts often arise over whether an article title complies with Knowledge (XXG)'s Neutral Point of View policy. Resolving such debates depends on whether the article title is a

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If there is a reasonable alternative, avoid characters that are so uncommon that not all browser and operating system combinations will render them. For example, the article

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covers the concepts "big-endian" and "little-endian". Where no reasonable overarching title is available, it is permissible to construct an article title using "and", as in

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Sometimes two or more closely related or complementary concepts are most sensibly covered by a single article. Where possible, use a title covering all cases: for example,

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Symbols such as "♥", as sometimes found in advertisements or logos, should never be used in titles. This includes non-Latin punctuation such as the characters in Unicode's

2271: 1852:, only as much detail as is necessary to distinguish one topic from another should be used. For example, it would be redundant to title an article "Queen (rock band)", as 4207: 3852: 2632: 2628: 1994: 1747: 1728: 1169: 460: 306: 2081:

Where there is no acceptable set name for a topic, such that a title of our own conception is necessary, more latitude is allowed to form descriptive and unique titles.

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are preferred over alternatives such as "Blair, Anthony Charles Lynton" and "Waterloo, Battle of", in which a comma is used to change the natural ordering of the words.

1103:. When there are multiple names for a subject, all of which are fairly common, and the most common has problems, it is perfectly reasonable to choose one of the others. 2627:, it makes sense to translate lesser known valley names in the same way. For ideas on how to deal with situations where there are several competing foreign terms, see " 2209: 614: 517: 2365: 2976: 2884: 650: 539: 2893:

are often used in article text to allow a subject with a lengthy article title to be referred to using a more concise term where this does not produce ambiguity.

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Exceptions exist for biographical articles. For example, given names and family names are usually not omitted or abbreviated for the purposes of concision. Thus

417: 301: 229: 3447:), should generally not be used in page titles. A common exception is the simple apostrophe character (', same glyph as the single quotation mark) itself (e.g. 1779: 1001: 994:

in mind. The choice of article titles should put the interests of readers before those of editors, and those of a general audience before those of specialists.

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There are technical restrictions on the use of certain characters in page titles, due to how MediaWiki stores and matches the titles. The following characters

2571: 830:: the ideal article title precisely identifies the subject; it is short, natural, distinguishable and recognizable; and resembles titles for similar articles. 655: 609: 264: 244: 703: 5027: 3580: 2145: 564: 496: 259: 4128: 3375:, dashes, and other letters not found on most English-language keyboards, provide redirects from versions of the title that contain them.) However, avoid 1989:

With place names, if the disambiguating term is a higher-level administrative division, it is often separated using a comma instead of parentheses, as in

1572: 1384:. We do not know what terms or names will be used in the future, but only what is and has been in use, and is therefore familiar to our readers. However, 604: 599: 524: 407: 348: 338: 4822: 4561: 4303: 4170: 4097:

on the English Knowledge (XXG). For example, "heart attack" is an ambiguous title, because the term can refer to multiple medical conditions, including

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And a well-known concept may still be the primary topic for a variant or incorrect spelling, even if a much less well-known subject uses that spelling:

750: 672: 544: 353: 3360:. Technically, all other Unicode characters can be used in page titles. However, some characters should still be avoided or require special treatment: 921:– The title is a name or description of the subject that someone familiar with, although not necessarily an expert in, the subject area will recognize. 2375:

The full name of Fiona Apple's 1999 album is 90 words and 444 characters long, but it is abbreviated in sources (and in its Knowledge (XXG) title) to

4842: 4628: 4497: 3906: 3049: 2980: 2836: 2317: 667: 629: 559: 554: 3824: 1952:: The word "French" commonly refers to either the people or the language. Because of the ambiguity, we use the alternative but still common titles, 5103: 4149: 3878: 2406: 2060:: The word "mercury" has distinct meanings that do not have sufficiently common alternative names, so instead we use parenthetical disambiguation: 1630: 1361: 1118: 594: 574: 465: 286: 277: 269: 254: 234: 177: 42: 2353:

The goal of concision is to balance brevity with sufficient information to identify the topic to a person familiar with the general subject area.

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element on the page, but because editors have the ability to add any level of heading to a page's text, that cannot be guaranteed. An additional

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When an article's title is changed, its database entry is altered but not actually moved. For this reason, a title change is sometimes called a

3072:). It is also unnecessary to include an acronym in addition to the name in a title. Acronyms may be used for parenthetical disambiguation (e.g. 2919:

The following points are used in deciding on questions not covered by the five principles; consistency on these helps avoid duplicate articles:

2793:). Very occasionally, a less common but non-nation-specific term is selected to avoid having to choose between national varieties: for example, 2093: 5098: 4925: 3823:, and consensus reached before any change is made. Debating controversial titles is often unproductive, and there are many other ways to help 910:

refer to the article's subject. There is often more than one appropriate title for an article. In that case, editors choose the best title by

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reliable English sources, follow the translation convention, if any, used for well known objects or structures of the same type e.g. because

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to which the ambiguous name refers, then that name can be its title without modification, provided it follows all other applicable policies.

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that can be used without restriction to separate a disambiguating term in an article title. Colons can be used in the limited cases of

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Do not use titles suggesting that one article forms part of another: even if an article is considered subsidiary to another (as where

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Usually, titles should unambiguously define the topical scope of the article, but should be no more precise than that. For instance,

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to a particular English-speaking nation, the title of its article should use that nation's variety of English (for example, compare

2129: 1760:). However, it is preferred over "Energy (physics)", as it is more concise, and precise enough to be understood by most people (see 779: 4566: 4526: 4467: 4384: 4312: 4288: 3866: 2658:, are preferred. However, if there is a common English-language form of the name, then use it, even if it is unsystematic (as with 850: 735: 2769:

Otherwise, all national varieties of English are acceptable in article titles; Knowledge (XXG) does not prefer one in particular.

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based on the considerations that this page explains. A good Knowledge (XXG) article title has the five following characteristics:

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This page is about the policy governing how to select an article title. For technical information about the titles of pages, see

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Other types of formatting (such as bold type and superscript) can technically be achieved in the same way, but should generally

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is a redirect to that article). An exception is made when the quotation marks are part of a name or title (as in the TV episode

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in historic contexts to which that name is more suited (e.g. when it was part of Germany or a Free City). Likewise, even though

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can be applied – if the subject of an article has a name change, it is reasonable to consider the usage following the change in

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are used because they predominate in English-language reliable sources, whereas for the same reason the anglicized title forms

5057: 4878: 4556: 4531: 4477: 3967: 3739:– should redirect to the combined page, or be linked there via a disambiguation page or hatnote if they have other meanings.) 1320: 3742:

It is generally best to list topics in alphabetical order, especially those involving different countries or cultures, as in

3674:); however, if the name is ambiguous, and one meaning is usually capitalized, this is one possible method of disambiguation. 2201: 5088: 4920: 4696: 4643: 4616: 4546: 4521: 3766: 491: 3778: 1492:

Notable circumstances under which Knowledge (XXG) often avoids a common name for lacking neutrality include the following:

1564: 959:– The title is consistent with the pattern of similar articles' titles. Many of these patterns are listed (and linked) as 5042: 4492: 4487: 4457: 4362: 4318: 4246: 3972: 3464: 1389: 1068: 755: 720: 87: 5004: 2874:

All significant alternative titles, names, or forms of names that apply to a specific article should usually be made to

2125: 1723:. Most of these exceptions are described in specific Knowledge (XXG) guidelines or by Knowledge (XXG) projects, such as 1108: 772: 4810: 4691: 4611: 4394: 4389: 3901: 3820: 3229: 2724: 2583:

The choice between anglicized and local spellings should follow English-language usage, e.g. the non-anglicized titles

865: 31: 3498: 1941:, albeit not as commonly as the preferred-but-ambiguous title, is sometimes preferred. However, do not use obscure or 1750:), seeking a more natural and recognizable title which is also consistent with most other articles on American cities. 696: 689: 4873: 4779: 4734: 4686: 4681: 4399: 4357: 4094: 4042:

It is technically possible, but undesirable for various reasons, to make different pages display with the same title.

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The following are examples of the application of the concept of commonly used names in support of recognizability:

4767: 4352: 4283: 3424: 3252: 1887: 1880: 1761: 1724: 1367: 946:– The title is no longer than necessary to identify the article's subject and distinguish it from other subjects. 907: 861: 846: 740: 4762: 4482: 4472: 4239: 3938: 3870: 3588: 3279: 2841: 2667: 1496:

Trendy slogans and monikers that seem unlikely to be remembered or connected with a particular issue years later

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should be created to articles that may reasonably be searched for or linked to under two or more names (such as

3755: 3720: 3613:, by default italicize the titles of the pages they appear on; see those template pages for documentation. See 2752: 1998: 1797: 1701: 4633: 3885: 3470:). If, exceptionally, other variants are used, a redirect with the apostrophe variant should be created (e.g. 1694: 3136:). They needlessly lengthen article titles, and interfere with sorting and searching. For more guidance, see 2967:

Note that the capitalization of the initial letter is ignored in links. For initial lowercase letters, as in

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As a general rule, when a topic's preferred title can also refer to other topics covered in Knowledge (XXG):

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Sometimes the subject of an article will undergo a change of name. When this occurs, we give extra weight to

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If necessary, an article's title can be changed by a page move. For information on page move procedures, see

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Exceptions include article titles with the first letter lowercase and the second letter uppercase, such as

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carries that title rather than the symbol ⚜ itself, which many readers would see as just a rectangular box.

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some reason for inconsistencies in common usage. For example, Knowledge (XXG) has articles on both the

3790: 3698: 3638: 3531: 3307: 3266: 3149: 3093: 2992: 2935: 2902: 2875: 2818: 2730: 2546: 2511: 2436: 2418: 2329: 2252: 2240: 2157: 2022: 1913: 1901: 1816: 1654: 1605: 1546: 1535: 1448: 1401: 1332: 1072: 1027: 997: 877: 101: 91: 4260: 3746:. However, when a conventional or more logical ordering exists, it should be used instead, such as at 3832: 3077: 2962: 2588: 2456: 1392:, English-language sources. This provision also applies to names used as part of descriptive titles. 933:– The title unambiguously identifies the article's subject and distinguishes it from other subjects. 4784: 4774: 4189:, a graphic plotter of case-sensitive frequency of multi-term usage in books over time, through 2019 3935:, software limitations on the names of Knowledge (XXG) pages (articles, categories, templates, etc.) 2205: 2114: 1938: 1690: 823: 3774: 3413:) should be avoided in titles. Exceptions can be made when they are part of the proper title (e.g. 3376: 3349: 3291: 3225: 2307: 2069: 1743: 1478: 1474: 2708: 2529:

English-language sources, it can be considered to be an English-language word or phrase (example:

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Ambiguity may arise when typographically near-identical expressions have distinct meanings, e.g.

2010: 1990: 1567:) is best as the title. These are often invented specifically for articles, and should reflect a 1528: 3224:

Article titles that are quotes (or song titles, etc.) are not enclosed in quotation marks (e.g.

3929:, a tool to block the creation of pages with disallowed titles (and their derivatives/variants) 3428: 5009: 3770: 3561: 3111: 2464: 2460: 2452: 2061: 1719:

Exceptions to the precision criterion may sometimes result from the application of some other

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others. This is done by consensus. For instance, the recognizable, natural, and concise title

3813: 2890: 2577: 2347: 4192: 4118:(the quotation marks " " are essential); Books, LLC "publishes" compilations of WP articles. 3750:. If one concept is more commonly encountered than the other, it may be listed first, as in 3460: 3448: 2770: 2472: 2398: 2377: 2065: 1783: 1771: 1301: 1059: 806:

is the large heading displayed above the article's content, and the basis for the article's

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This paragraph was adopted to stop move warring. It is an adaptation of the wording in the

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In certain instances, plural forms may also be used to naturally distinguish articles; see

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However, when renaming to a less ambiguous page name can be done without wandering from

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For examples of Knowledge (XXG) practices regarding consistency in article titles, see

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Report on the Investigation into Russian Interference in the 2016 Presidential Election

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Knowledge (XXG) talk:Article titles/Archive 29 § RfC: Use of italics in article titles

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WT:Manual of Style/Archive 116 § Request for comment: Use of italics in article names

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after the name. Generally, article titles are based on what the subject is called in

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Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (technical restrictions) § Lowercase first letter

826:. When this offers multiple possibilities, editors choose among them by considering 3996: 3747: 3508: 3444: 3410: 3406: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3287: 2790: 2655: 2651: 2620: 2600: 2487: 2402: 2369: 2361: 1853: 1137: 4994: 2592: 1473:

common name includes non-neutral words that Knowledge (XXG) normally avoids (e.g.

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Any potentially controversial proposal to change a title should be advertised at

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When deciding whether to use middle names, or initials, follow the guidelines at

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does not support an argument that all country articles should use them, e.g. for

2346:"WP:CONCISE" redirects here. For the essay advising a concise writing style, see 1008:). Conversely, a name that could refer to several different articles may require 149:

Article titles should be recognizable, concise, natural, precise, and consistent.

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proven in a court of law. These are appropriately described as "allegations".)

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Using an alternative name that the subject is also commonly called in English

1349:"WP:NAMECHANGES" redirects here. For the manual of style for biographies, see 1248: 1219: 1131: 3884:

New naming conventions for specific categories of articles often arise from

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Proposals for new naming conventions and guidelines should be advertised on

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are used (as opposed to Nürnberg, Delikatessen, and Firenze, respectively).

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Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style/Lead section § Format of the first sentence

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WP:Naming conventions (definite or indefinite article at beginning of name)

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is not precise enough to unambiguously indicate the physical property (see

3282:, which means using the form most commonly used by reliable sources (e.g. 1374:, Knowledge (XXG) should continue to do so as well, as described above at 3518: 3213: 3193: 3126:) at the beginning of titles unless they are part of a proper name (e.g. 3033: 3029: 2748: 2692: 2604: 2451:

Disambiguation: for example, the use of a parenthetical disambiguator in

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is precise enough to indicate exactly the same topic. On the other hand,

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Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (people) § Self-published name changes

1100: 1079:

For cases where usage differs among English-speaking countries, see also

3687:

WP:Naming conventions (technical restrictions) § Lowercase first letter

3615:

WP:Naming conventions (technical restrictions) § Italics and formatting

3456: 3197: 3189: 1861: 1739: 1512: 1207: 1176: 3769:: avoid the use of "and" in ways that appear biased. For example, use 3393:), as well as variations such as typographic (curly) quotation marks ( 2463:. This is also the case with natural disambiguation: the existence of 1794:

Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (U.S. state and territory highways)

3379:, which are difficult to type and interfere with adjacent characters. 3205: 3021: 2860: 2688: 1869: 1753: 1531:" does not redirect, which is in keeping with the general principle. 3521:. Templates and LaTeX-style markup cannot be used in article titles. 2005:

conventions, not as a disambiguating term). However, titles such as

1071:, English-language sources) as such names will usually best fit the 3914:, a list of guidelines concerning naming conventions for categories 3888:. For a manually updated list of current and former proposals, see 1499:

Colloquialisms where far more encyclopedic alternatives are obvious

4186: 3452: 3192:) should redirect to articles titled with the corresponding noun ( 3069: 3017: 2864: 2684: 2394: 2217: 2213: 1801: 1789: 1685:"MOS:PRECISION" redirects here. For the precision of numbers, see 1273: 1229: 3761:

Titles containing "and" are often red flags that the article has

1776:

Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (UK Parliament constituencies)

894:"WP:CRITERIA" redirects here. For criteria of other actions, see 4169:, which is based on the Arbitration Committee's decision in the 3682: 3678: 3201: 3173: 3065: 2968: 2837:

Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style/Lead section § Alternative names

2675: 1997:). Comma-separated titles are also used in other contexts (e.g. 1742:

is already precise enough to be unambiguous, but we instead use

1279: 1149: 86:

It describes a widely accepted standard that all editors should

4196: 2725:

Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style § National varieties of English

837:, on which choices of article titles are based. This page does 4026: 3061: 811: 135: 65: 2635:" in the geographical naming guideline. Such discussions can 3564:

are italicized both in ordinary text and in article titles.

3356:, and some other characters, which may be addressed through 2318:

Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (plurals) § Primary topic

1900:

When deciding on which disambiguation method(s) to use, all

1503:

Article titles and redirects should anticipate what readers

4897: 3933:

Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (technical restrictions)

3333:

Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (technical restrictions)

2927:"WP:LOWERCASE" redirects here. You may also be looking for 2666:). For a list of romanization conventions by language, see 1840:

This policy section should be read in conjunction with the

4133:

WT:Manual of Style/Archive 116 § Italicised article titles

3082:

WP:Manual of Style/Abbreviations § Acronyms in page titles

2113:

These are exceptional, in most cases to be avoided as per

1712:

would not be precise enough to unambiguously identify the

1527:, which is in keeping with points 1 and 2, above. Typing " 2809:, and a slew of other nation- and region-specific names. 2639:

so as to avoid a struggle over which language to follow.

2372:

was the most concise title to fully identify the subject.

4131:, as well as the discussions that led up to the poll at 4127:

This was decided during a July–September 2010 poll; see

3877:

has formed, the proposal is adopted and is added to the

3617:

on the technical restrictions page for further details.

4148:

No clear consensus has been found for a timeframe, see

3798: 3706: 3646: 3539: 3322: 3315: 3164: 3157: 3101: 3007: 3000: 2943: 2910: 2826: 2738: 2561: 2554: 2519: 2426: 2337: 2298: 2283: 2259: 2179: 2172: 2165: 2044: 2037: 2030: 1928: 1921: 1831: 1824: 1676: 1669: 1662: 1620: 1613: 1554: 1463: 1456: 1416: 1409: 1340: 1049: 1042: 1035: 885: 123: 116: 109: 4093:

as used here is unrelated to whether a title requires

4015:, and any subsections under it adjusted to compensate. 3505:

Characters not supported on all browsers (avoid them):

3365:

Characters not on a standard keyboard (use redirects):

1960:, allowing natural disambiguation. In a similar vein, 1571:, rather than suggesting any editor's opinions. Avoid 1197:(not: Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster) 841:

detail titling for pages in other namespaces, such as

3975:, on the unreliability of news headlines for sourcing 3853:

Category:Knowledge (XXG) naming conventions proposals

3754:. Alternative titles using reverse ordering (such as 2797:

was selected to avoid the choice between the British

2136:

Commas and parentheses (round brackets) are the only

1689:. For the precision of geographical coordinates, see 4537:

Do not disrupt Knowledge (XXG) to illustrate a point

3601:

template. In addition, certain templates, including

3204:. Sometimes the noun corresponding to a verb is the 3016:

Article titles are generally singular in form, e.g.

2482:

Spellings that differ between varieties of English:

1856:

is precise enough to distinguish the rock band from

1375: 1372:

when discussing the article topic in the present day

1288:

or International Federation of Association Football)

986: 981:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

833:

This page explains in detail the considerations, or

4974: 4962: 4905: 4895: 4861: 4803: 4743: 4719: 4709: 4666: 4656: 4596: 4586: 4506: 4422: 4412: 4332: 4268: 4258: 2785:are acceptable and used in article titles (such as 2364:, used in various state publications, was formerly 2130:

Talk:Wiegenlied, D 498 (Schubert) § Requested moves

1976:is a disambiguation page with no primary topic, so 1693:. For the precision of statements about dates, see 1519:, which is in keeping with point 2, above. Typing " 961:

topic-specific naming conventions on article titles

662:

Definite or indefinite article at beginning of name

3999:that appears at the top of the article's page. It 3451:), which should, however, be used sparingly (e.g. 2576:For the policy regarding non-English sources, see 2272:Passio Domini Nostri Iesu Christi secundum Ioannem 2262:Passio Domini Nostri Jesu Christi secundum Joannem 2152:When a spelling variant indicates a distinct topic 1980:is the title of the article on the lifting device. 1536:Knowledge (XXG):Redirect § Neutrality of redirects 1523:" redirects the reader to a particular section of 1353:. For changing your Knowledge (XXG) username, see 1111:, as well as what names are most frequently used. 1080: 26:"WP:NAME" redirects here. Not to be confused with 1588: 1285:Fédération Internationale de Football Association 1092: 1087: 936: 827: 4375:Do not include copies of lengthy primary sources 4011:found in an article body should be converted to 3902:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style § Article titles 2654:. Established systematic romanizations, such as 2572:Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (use English) 2366:State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 52:"WP:AT" redirects here. Not to be confused with 41:"WP:NC" redirects here. Not to be confused with 2368:. Both titles are precise and unambiguous, but 2270:for the ambiguity of the first expression with 1368:independent, reliable, English-language sources 78:This page documents an English Knowledge (XXG) 19:"WP:TITLE" redirects here. For other uses, see 3367:Sometimes the most appropriate title contains 2001:uses a substantive title as part of the usual 1427:Knowledge (XXG):Neutral point of view § Naming 4208: 3259:. (This does not always apply in non-article 2673:Knowledge (XXG) generally uses the character 1780:Leeds North West (UK Parliament constituency) 780: 697: 8: 4963: 3973:Knowledge (XXG):Reliable sources § Headlines 3807:Changing one controversial title to another 3409:), and angled quotation marks or backticks ( 3348:There are restrictions on titles containing 3294:), with few if any exceptions. See also the 3274:Follow reliable sources for names of persons 3234:Marge Simpson in: "Screaming Yellow Honkers" 2777:spelling, and vice versa; for example, both 2646:, such as Greek, Chinese, or Russian names, 1563:In some cases a descriptive phrase (such as 1283: 1191:(not: Democratic People's Republic of Korea) 4869:Categories, lists, and navigation templates 4150:Knowledge (XXG):Stable version to revert to 3839:, which is the current name of Stalingrad. 2407:Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (people) 1968:. Sometimes, this requires a change in the 1631:Category:Knowledge (XXG) naming conventions 1485:name commonly used in the past; it must be 1088:all five of the criteria for article titles 178:Category:Knowledge (XXG) naming conventions 43:Category:Knowledge (XXG) naming conventions 4971: 4902: 4755: 4716: 4663: 4593: 4419: 4265: 4215: 4201: 4193: 3890:Proposed naming conventions and guidelines 3847:Proposed naming conventions and guidelines 3657:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style/Trademarks 3579:). Many of these titles should also be in 3550:italics would be necessary in running text 2683:. For Latin- or Greek-derived words (e.g. 1890:for the ambiguous name, the title must be 1095:, below. Article titles should be neither 1058:In Knowledge (XXG), an article title is a 787: 773: 715: 704: 690: 156: 90:follow. Changes made to it should reflect 3626: 2961:offers more graduate work than a typical 1792:is precise enough to be unambiguous, but 1778:specify the addition of the qualifier in 1774:is precise enough to be unambiguous, but 979:is preferred over the more precise title 896:Knowledge (XXG):Criteria (disambiguation) 3132:) or otherwise change the meaning (e.g. 2840: 1764:, and the concision and recognizability 1304:(not: V645 Centauri or Alpha Centauri C) 3985: 3857:Knowledge (XXG):Policies and guidelines 3668:) should have standard capitalization ( 2137: 2124:: "comma-separated" + "parenthetical": 1591:(see preceding subsection) may be used 718: 642: 508: 472: 446: 425: 399: 365: 316: 276: 207: 186: 168: 159: 21:Knowledge (XXG):Titles (disambiguation) 3558:books, films, and other creative works 3088:Avoid definite and indefinite articles 2977:WP:Naming conventions (capitalization) 2679:to represent the Anglo-Saxon ligature 2291:, with the broad concept discussed at 2255:, such renaming should be considered: 2094:Campaign history of the Roman military 1243:Product names and fictional characters 3873:, and any related pages. If a strong 3779:Media coupling of Islam and terrorism 3752:Electrical resistance and conductance 1382:Knowledge (XXG) is not a crystal ball 7: 3729:Tropical storms Amanda and Cristobal 3556:, the names of ships, the titles of 3110:Do not place definite or indefinite 3024:. Exceptions include nouns that are 2773:spelling should not be respelled to 2707:, depending on modern usage and the 1868:to disambiguate it from the country 1439:created by Knowledge (XXG) editors. 28:WP:Manual of Style/Biography § Names 5028:List of all policies and guidelines 2885:Naming conventions (capitalization) 1864:, but the article on turkeys is at 1507:and balance that with what readers 1435:derived from reliable sources or a 5104:Knowledge (XXG) naming conventions 5067:Summaries of values and principles 4908: 4746: 4509: 4335: 3968:Knowledge (XXG):Ambiguous subjects 3927:MediaWiki:TitleBlacklist extension 3735:. (The individual terms – such as 3188:". Adjective and verb forms (e.g. 1321:Knowledge (XXG):Search engine test 1216:(not: compression-ignition engine) 14: 3247:Do not create subsidiary articles 2200:vs. the other meanings listed at 1541:Non-judgmental descriptive titles 1376:§ Use commonly recognizable names 1128:(not: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi) 987:§ Use commonly recognizable names 908:reliable English-language sources 5099:Knowledge (XXG) content policies 4977: 4722: 4669: 4599: 4552:Please do not bite the newcomers 4425: 4271: 4071:commonly or frequently used name 3483:WP:Manual of Style (punctuation) 3196:) or disambiguation pages, like 2142:subtitles of some creative works 1886:If the article is not about the 1573:judgmental and non-neutral words 1140:(not: William Jefferson Clinton) 966: 139: 69: 3821:Knowledge (XXG):Requested moves 3633:Standard English and trademarks 3476:ʻElisiva Fusipala Taukiʻonetuku 3472:'Elisiva Fusipala Tauki'onetuku 3397:), "low-high" quotation marks ( 3220:Do not enclose titles in quotes 3182:A rolling stone gathers no moss 3050:WP:Naming conventions (plurals) 2981:WP:Manual of Style/Proper names 2541:Foreign names and anglicization 1202:Scientific and technical topics 1016:Use commonly recognizable names 960: 866:Knowledge (XXG):Requested moves 5094:Knowledge (XXG) article titles 4081:, as used in some disciplines. 3912:Knowledge (XXG):Category names 3389:) and single quotation marks ( 3295: 3228:is the article title, whereas 2813:Treatment of alternative names 2471:does not mean we have to have 2306:; an album of that name is at 2146:lists split over several pages 1985:Comma-separated disambiguation 1858:other uses of the term "Queen" 1238:(not: 1918 influenza pandemic) 1093:§ Neutrality in article titles 1022:Knowledge (XXG):Official names 949: 937:§ Precision and disambiguation 163:conventions for article titles 1: 4562:Responding to threats of harm 4304:Biographies of living persons 4114:Add this code in the search: 4059:remains the most common term. 4029:. For technical details, see 3383:Quotation marks (avoid them): 3056:Avoid ambiguous abbreviations 2975:page. For more guidance, see 2719:National varieties of English 2637:benefit from outside opinions 1796:specify adding the qualifier 1565:Restoration of the Everglades 1086:Editors should also consider 1081:National varieties of English 862:Knowledge (XXG):Moving a page 751:Biographies of living persons 47:WP:WikiProject North Carolina 4629:Criteria for speedy deletion 4498:Paid-contribution disclosure 3526:Italics and other formatting 2668:Knowledge (XXG):Romanization 2126:Wiegenlied, D 498 (Schubert) 2017:Parenthetical disambiguation 1879:If the article is about the 1589:non-neutral but common names 1489:common name in current use. 1443:Non-neutral but common names 1396:Neutrality in article titles 872:Deciding on an article title 4299:What Knowledge (XXG) is not 3879:naming conventions category 3765:problems or is engaging in 3744:Canada–United States border 3499:CJK Symbols and Punctuation 3377:combining diacritical marks 3264: 2761:United States Secretary of 2709:national variety of English 2244:vs. other topics listed at 2102:WP:NCP § Descriptive titles 1210:(not: acetylsalicylic acid) 1164:(not: Shirley Temple Black) 984: 964: 947: 934: 761:What Knowledge (XXG) is not 5120: 3956:(or some alternatives, as 3850: 3788: 3696: 3654: 3636: 3529: 3330: 3305: 3147: 3091: 3048:). For more guidance, see 2990: 2933: 2926: 2900: 2834: 2816: 2728: 2722: 2642:Names not originally in a 2575: 2569: 2544: 2509: 2434: 2416: 2345: 2327: 2155: 2090:List of birds of Nicaragua 2020: 2003:Names of royals and nobles 1911: 1839: 1814: 1733:Names of royals and nobles 1684: 1652: 1628: 1603: 1544: 1533: 1505:will type as a first guess 1446: 1424: 1399: 1359: 1348: 1330: 1025: 1019: 893: 875: 383:Government and legislation 99: 58: 51: 40: 25: 18: 5022: 4758: 4234: 4031:Knowledge (XXG):Page name 3725:Hellmann's and Best Foods 3323:WP:TITLESPECIALCHARACTERS 3080:). For more details, see 2490:peaceably coexist, as do 2109:Combinations of the above 1635:Knowledge (XXG) has many 1284: 1099:(unless unavoidable) nor 509:Language/country-specific 61:Knowledge (XXG):Page name 5089:Knowledge (XXG) policies 4187:Google Book Ngram Viewer 4075:common (vernacular) name 4073:, and not necessarily a 3992:Specifically, it is the 3756:Relegation and promotion 3721:Promotion and relegation 2867:'s title omits the "u", 2805:, American and Canadian 1999:Diana, Princess of Wales 1902:article titling criteria 1842:disambiguation guideline 1798:M-185 (Michigan highway) 1702:Saint Teresa of Calcutta 1641:conventions for medicine 1515:" properly redirects to 147:This page in a nutshell: 5005:Licensing and copyright 4225:policies and guidelines 3922:Linguistic prescription 3825:improve Knowledge (XXG) 3758:) should be redirects. 3693:Titles containing "and" 3257:Transport in Azerbaijan 3129:The Old Man and the Sea 3074:Conservative Party (UK) 3026:always in a plural form 2959:Northwestern University 2506:English-language titles 1970:variety of English used 1758:Energy (disambiguation) 1263:(not: Anakin Skywalker) 1255:Sailor Moon (character) 1185:(not: Pyramid of Khufu) 985:(For more details, see 4116:-inauthor:"Books, LLC" 3918:Linguistic description 3733:Pioneer 6, 7, 8, and 9 3627:§ Article title format 3611:Template:Infobox album 3358:Template:Correct title 2973:technical restrictions 2952:Titles are written in 2851: 2747:If a topic has strong 1908:Natural disambiguation 1158:(not: Marcus Antonius) 678:Technical restrictions 292:Ethnicities and tribes 169:All naming conventions 54:WP:WikiProject Austria 16:Knowledge (XXG) policy 5000:Friendly space policy 4790:Broad-concept article 4294:Neutral point of view 4103:myocardial infarction 3863:this page's talk page 3607:Template:Infobox film 3603:Template:Infobox book 3495:Symbols (avoid them): 3230:"To be, or not to be" 2844: 2711:used in the article. 2360:The official name of 2098:Pontius Pilate's wife 1800:with a redirect from 1782:with a redirect from 1569:neutral point of view 1509:expect to be taken to 1251:(not: Windows NT 5.1) 1183:Great Pyramid of Giza 1146:(not: Joanne Rowling) 855:Neutral point of view 731:Neutral point of view 349:Programming languages 161:Topic-specific naming 4567:Talk page guidelines 4527:Conflict of interest 4468:Ownership of content 4313:Copyright violations 4289:No original research 4223:Knowledge (XXG) key 4095:disambiguation pages 3867:requests for comment 3833:Battle of Stalingrad 3078:Georgia (U.S. state) 2963:liberal arts college 2897:Article title format 2629:Multiple local names 2457:Azerbaijan (country) 2210:disambiguation pages 1600:Explicit conventions 1314:(exclude works from 1257:(not: Usagi Tsukino) 1232:(not: poliomyelitis) 963:, in the box above. 851:No original research 736:No original research 297:Royalty and nobility 4463:No personal attacks 4385:Don't create hoaxes 3785:Considering changes 3775:Islam and terrorism 3439:Similarly, various 3425:"Weird Al" Yankovic 3292:F. Scott Fitzgerald 3241:(David Bowie album) 3226:To be, or not to be 3036:) and the names of 2871:'s title does not. 2070:Mercury (mythology) 1850:precision criterion 1744:Bothell, Washington 1704:is too precise, as 1479:Teapot Dome scandal 1475:Alexander the Great 1002:different spellings 5058:List of guidelines 4879:Template namespace 4557:Courtesy vanishing 4532:Disruptive editing 4478:Dispute resolution 3591:magic word or the 3443:(-like) variants ( 3302:Special characters 2859:is referred to as 2852: 2246:The World Is Yours 2241:The Wörld Is Yours 2011:Battle of Waterloo 1991:Windsor, Berkshire 1637:naming conventions 1529:Great Leap Forward 1276:(not: Violoncello) 1179:(not: Deutschland) 1152:(not: Paul Hewson) 903:Article titles are 835:naming conventions 828:several principles 32:WP:Username policy 5076: 5075: 5018: 5017: 4958: 4957: 4921:Project namespace 4891: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4828:Dates and numbers 4795:Understandability 4705: 4704: 4652: 4651: 4644:Revision deletion 4617:Proposed deletion 4582: 4581: 4547:Gaming the system 4522:Assume good faith 4408: 4407: 4009:=Level-1 heading= 3771:Islamic terrorism 3767:original research 3685:. For these, see 3548:Use italics when 3419:) or required by 3040:of objects (e.g. 3028:in English (e.g. 2987:Use singular form 2923:Use sentence case 2589:Søren Kierkegaard 2461:Armenia (country) 2453:Georgia (country) 2447:control titling: 2077:Descriptive title 2062:Mercury (element) 1964:is preferable to 1437:descriptive title 1195:Westminster Abbey 797: 796: 714: 713: 440:Numbers and dates 413:Latter Day Saints 393:Political parties 153: 152: 134: 133: 5111: 5053: 5052: 5043:List of policies 5038: 5037: 4995:List of policies 4982: 4981: 4980: 4972: 4968: 4965: 4913: 4912: 4911: 4903: 4899: 4896:Project content 4756: 4751: 4750: 4749: 4727: 4726: 4725: 4717: 4713: 4674: 4673: 4672: 4664: 4660: 4604: 4603: 4602: 4594: 4590: 4514: 4513: 4512: 4493:Child protection 4488:No legal threats 4458:Ignore all rules 4430: 4429: 4428: 4420: 4416: 4363:Reliable sources 4340: 4339: 4338: 4276: 4275: 4274: 4266: 4262: 4247:Ignore all rules 4229: 4217: 4210: 4203: 4194: 4174: 4163: 4157: 4146: 4140: 4125: 4119: 4117: 4112: 4106: 4088: 4082: 4077:, as opposed to 4066: 4060: 4049: 4043: 4040: 4034: 4022: 4016: 4014: 4010: 4006: 3995: 3990: 3948:, proper use of 3939:Knowledge (XXG): 3801: 3709: 3649: 3600: 3594: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3542: 3461:Bismarck (apple) 3446: 3445:’ ʻ ʾ ʿ ᾿ ῾ ‘ ’ 3416:"A" Is for Alibi 3412: 3408: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3345: 3325: 3318: 3269: 3167: 3160: 3104: 3010: 3003: 2946: 2913: 2829: 2771:American English 2741: 2633:Use modern names 2564: 2562:WP:TRANSLITERATE 2557: 2522: 2473:Guadalajara City 2429: 2399:Jean-Paul Sartre 2378:When the Pawn... 2340: 2301: 2286: 2182: 2175: 2168: 2066:Mercury (planet) 2047: 2040: 2033: 1995:Geographic names 1972:; for instance, 1939:reliable sources 1931: 1924: 1904:are weighed in: 1834: 1827: 1784:Leeds North West 1772:Leeds North West 1748:Geographic names 1735:. For instance: 1729:Geographic names 1679: 1677:WP:OVERPRECISION 1672: 1665: 1623: 1616: 1596:be acceptable.) 1557: 1511:. Thus, typing " 1466: 1459: 1419: 1412: 1343: 1302:Proxima Centauri 1287: 1286: 1060:natural-language 1052: 1045: 1038: 990: 970: 953: 940: 905: 904: 888: 824:reliable sources 789: 782: 775: 756:Image use policy 723: 721:Content policies 716: 706: 699: 692: 664: 307:Baseball players 164: 157: 143: 142: 136: 126: 119: 112: 73: 72: 66: 5119: 5118: 5114: 5113: 5112: 5110: 5109: 5108: 5079: 5078: 5077: 5072: 5050: 5049: 5035: 5034: 5014: 4978: 4976: 4954: 4909: 4907: 4883: 4857: 4811:Manual of Style 4799: 4747: 4745: 4739: 4723: 4721: 4701: 4697:Page protection 4670: 4668: 4648: 4612:Deletion policy 4600: 4598: 4578: 4510: 4508: 4502: 4426: 4424: 4404: 4395:Patent nonsense 4390:Fringe theories 4336: 4334: 4328: 4272: 4270: 4254: 4230: 4221: 4183: 4178: 4177: 4167:Manual of Style 4164: 4160: 4147: 4143: 4126: 4122: 4113: 4109: 4089: 4085: 4079:scientific name 4067: 4063: 4050: 4046: 4041: 4037: 4023: 4019: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3993: 3991: 3987: 3982: 3898: 3859: 3849: 3805: 3804: 3799:WP:TITLECHANGES 3797: 3793: 3787: 3713: 3712: 3705: 3701: 3695: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3645: 3641: 3635: 3598: 3592: 3562:foreign phrases 3554:taxonomic names 3552:; for example, 3546: 3545: 3538: 3534: 3528: 3466:Malus domestica 3449:Anthony d'Offay 3342: 3335: 3329: 3328: 3321: 3314: 3310: 3304: 3298:section above. 3284:John F. Kennedy 3280:WP:Middle names 3276: 3249: 3222: 3186:Try to Remember 3171: 3170: 3163: 3156: 3152: 3146: 3108: 3107: 3100: 3096: 3090: 3058: 3046:Bantu languages 3042:Arabic numerals 3014: 3013: 3006: 2999: 2995: 2989: 2950: 2949: 2942: 2938: 2932: 2925: 2917: 2916: 2909: 2905: 2899: 2869:Orange (colour) 2839: 2833: 2832: 2825: 2821: 2815: 2775:British English 2745: 2744: 2737: 2733: 2727: 2721: 2664:Chiang Kai-shek 2619:are translated 2581: 2574: 2568: 2567: 2560: 2553: 2549: 2543: 2526: 2525: 2520:WP:ENGLISHTITLE 2518: 2514: 2508: 2492:motorcycle tyre 2484:Orange (colour) 2440: 2433: 2432: 2425: 2421: 2415: 2351: 2344: 2343: 2336: 2332: 2326: 2297: 2293:Cold war (term) 2282: 2186: 2185: 2178: 2171: 2166:WP:SMALLDETAILS 2164: 2160: 2154: 2111: 2079: 2051: 2050: 2043: 2036: 2029: 2025: 2019: 1987: 1966:fan (implement) 1954:French language 1935: 1934: 1927: 1920: 1916: 1910: 1845: 1838: 1837: 1830: 1823: 1819: 1811: 1721:naming criteria 1698: 1687:MOS:UNCERTAINTY 1683: 1682: 1675: 1668: 1661: 1657: 1649: 1633: 1627: 1626: 1619: 1612: 1608: 1602: 1575:; for example, 1561: 1560: 1553: 1549: 1543: 1538: 1470: 1469: 1462: 1455: 1451: 1445: 1429: 1423: 1422: 1415: 1408: 1404: 1398: 1364: 1358: 1351:MOS:CHANGEDNAME 1347: 1346: 1339: 1335: 1329: 1224:Cavia porcellus 1056: 1055: 1048: 1041: 1034: 1030: 1024: 1018: 919:Recognizability 902: 901: 899: 892: 891: 884: 880: 874: 801:Knowledge (XXG) 793: 719: 710: 660: 518:Writing systems 195:Fauna (animals) 160: 140: 130: 129: 122: 115: 108: 104: 96: 95: 70: 64: 57: 50: 39: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5117: 5115: 5107: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5081: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5070: 5063: 5062: 5061: 5046: 5023: 5020: 5019: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5012: 5010:Privacy policy 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4986: 4984: 4969: 4960: 4959: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4941: 4940: 4930: 4929: 4928: 4917: 4915: 4900: 4893: 4892: 4889: 4888: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4881: 4876: 4874:Categorization 4871: 4865: 4863: 4862:Classification 4859: 4858: 4856: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4819: 4818: 4807: 4805: 4801: 4800: 4798: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4780:Disambiguation 4777: 4772: 4771: 4770: 4759: 4753: 4741: 4740: 4738: 4737: 4735:Editing policy 4731: 4729: 4714: 4707: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4682:Administrators 4678: 4676: 4661: 4654: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4647: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4625: 4624: 4614: 4608: 4606: 4591: 4584: 4583: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4576: 4575: 4574: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4518: 4516: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4434: 4432: 4417: 4410: 4409: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4402: 4400:External links 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4371: 4370: 4360: 4358:Citing sources 4355: 4350: 4344: 4342: 4330: 4329: 4327: 4326: 4324:Article titles 4321: 4316: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4280: 4278: 4263: 4256: 4255: 4253: 4252: 4251: 4250: 4235: 4232: 4231: 4222: 4220: 4219: 4212: 4205: 4197: 4191: 4190: 4182: 4181:External links 4179: 4176: 4175: 4158: 4141: 4120: 4107: 4099:cardiac arrest 4083: 4072: 4061: 4044: 4035: 4017: 3984: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3977: 3976: 3970: 3965: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3915: 3909: 3904: 3897: 3894: 3848: 3845: 3803: 3802: 3794: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3711: 3710: 3702: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3651: 3650: 3642: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3544: 3543: 3540:WP:ITALICTITLE 3535: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3523: 3522: 3512: 3502: 3491: 3490: 3487:MOS:APOSTROPHE 3479: 3436: 3435: 3380: 3339:cannot be used 3327: 3326: 3319: 3311: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3275: 3272: 3248: 3245: 3221: 3218: 3169: 3168: 3161: 3153: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3106: 3105: 3097: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3057: 3054: 3012: 3011: 3004: 2996: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2948: 2947: 2939: 2934: 2924: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2911:WP:TITLEFORMAT 2906: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2831: 2830: 2822: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2743: 2742: 2734: 2729: 2720: 2717: 2644:Latin alphabet 2625:Moselle Valley 2566: 2565: 2558: 2550: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2524: 2523: 2515: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2503: 2502: 2499: 2480: 2469:Chihuahua City 2465:Querétaro City 2446: 2431: 2430: 2422: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2387: 2386: 2373: 2342: 2341: 2333: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2314: 2313: 2295: 2276: 2275: 2184: 2183: 2176: 2169: 2161: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2134: 2133: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2105: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2049: 2048: 2041: 2034: 2026: 2021: 2018: 2015: 1986: 1983: 1982: 1981: 1933: 1932: 1925: 1917: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1898: 1897: 1884: 1836: 1835: 1828: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1809:Disambiguation 1807: 1806: 1805: 1787: 1769: 1751: 1714:Columbia River 1695:WP:PRECISELANG 1681: 1680: 1673: 1666: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1645: 1625: 1624: 1617: 1609: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1559: 1558: 1550: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1501: 1500: 1497: 1468: 1467: 1460: 1452: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1421: 1420: 1413: 1405: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1373: 1345: 1344: 1341:WP:NAMECHANGES 1336: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1306: 1305: 1299: 1292:Mueller report 1289: 1277: 1265: 1264: 1258: 1252: 1240: 1239: 1233: 1227: 1217: 1211: 1199: 1198: 1192: 1186: 1180: 1166: 1165: 1162:Shirley Temple 1159: 1153: 1147: 1141: 1135: 1129: 1126:Mahatma Gandhi 1054: 1053: 1046: 1039: 1031: 1026: 1017: 1014: 1010:disambiguation 977:United Kingdom 972: 971: 954: 941: 928: 922: 890: 889: 881: 876: 873: 870: 840: 795: 794: 792: 791: 784: 777: 769: 766: 765: 764: 763: 758: 753: 748: 746:Article titles 743: 738: 733: 725: 724: 712: 711: 709: 708: 701: 694: 686: 683: 682: 681: 680: 675: 670: 665: 658: 653: 651:Capitalization 645: 644: 640: 639: 638: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 612: 607: 602: 597: 592: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 536: 535: 528: 521: 511: 510: 506: 505: 504: 499: 494: 489: 482: 481: 480: 479: 476: 470: 469: 468: 463: 456: 455: 454: 453: 450: 444: 443: 442: 435: 434: 433: 432: 429: 423: 422: 421: 420: 415: 410: 402: 401: 397: 396: 395: 390: 385: 378: 377: 376: 375: 372: 369: 363: 362: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 329: 328: 327: 326: 323: 320: 314: 313: 312: 311: 310: 309: 299: 294: 289: 281: 280: 274: 273: 272: 267: 262: 257: 252: 247: 242: 237: 232: 227: 220: 219: 218: 217: 214: 211: 205: 204: 203: 202: 200:Flora (plants) 197: 189: 188: 184: 183: 182: 181: 171: 170: 166: 165: 162: 151: 150: 144: 132: 131: 128: 127: 120: 113: 105: 100: 97: 85: 84: 76: 74: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5116: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5069: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5059: 5054: 5047: 5045: 5044: 5039: 5032: 5031: 5030: 5029: 5025: 5024: 5021: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4973: 4970: 4961: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4939: 4936: 4935: 4934: 4931: 4927: 4924: 4923: 4922: 4919: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4904: 4901: 4894: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4866: 4864: 4860: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4823:Accessibility 4821: 4817: 4814: 4813: 4812: 4809: 4808: 4806: 4802: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4769: 4768:Summary style 4766: 4765: 4764: 4761: 4760: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4742: 4736: 4733: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4718: 4715: 4708: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4665: 4662: 4655: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4623: 4620: 4619: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4595: 4592: 4585: 4573: 4570: 4569: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4505: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4421: 4418: 4411: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4369: 4366: 4365: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4353:Autobiography 4351: 4349: 4346: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4331: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4314: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4284:Verifiability 4282: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4267: 4264: 4257: 4249: 4248: 4244: 4243: 4242: 4241: 4237: 4236: 4233: 4226: 4218: 4213: 4211: 4206: 4204: 4199: 4198: 4195: 4188: 4185: 4184: 4180: 4172: 4168: 4162: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4145: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4124: 4121: 4111: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4087: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4070: 4065: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4048: 4045: 4039: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4021: 4018: 4002: 3998: 3989: 3986: 3979: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3946: 3942: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3899: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3858: 3854: 3846: 3844: 3840: 3838: 3834: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3817: 3815: 3810: 3800: 3796: 3795: 3792: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3777:"; however, " 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3740: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3708: 3704: 3703: 3700: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3675: 3673: 3672: 3667: 3666: 3658: 3648: 3644: 3643: 3640: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3597: 3590: 3584: 3582: 3565: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3541: 3537: 3536: 3533: 3525: 3520: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3496: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3477: 3474:redirects to 3473: 3469: 3467: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3442: 3438: 3437: 3433: 3431: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3417: 3404: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3363: 3362: 3361: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3324: 3320: 3317: 3313: 3312: 3309: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3253:summary style 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3236:or the album 3235: 3231: 3227: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3212:form), as in 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3166: 3162: 3159: 3155: 3154: 3151: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3130: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3103: 3099: 3098: 3095: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3009: 3005: 3002: 2998: 2997: 2994: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2955: 2954:sentence case 2945: 2941: 2940: 2937: 2930: 2922: 2920: 2912: 2908: 2907: 2904: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2888: 2886: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2848: 2847:article title 2843: 2838: 2828: 2827:WP:OTHERNAMES 2824: 2823: 2820: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2767: 2765: 2764: 2758: 2756: 2750: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2732: 2726: 2718: 2716: 2712: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2677: 2671: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2608: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2579: 2573: 2563: 2559: 2556: 2552: 2551: 2548: 2540: 2538: 2534: 2532: 2521: 2517: 2516: 2513: 2505: 2500: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2449: 2448: 2444: 2438: 2428: 2427:WP:CONSISTENT 2424: 2423: 2420: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2391:Oprah Winfrey 2384: 2380: 2379: 2374: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2358: 2357: 2356:For example: 2354: 2349: 2339: 2335: 2334: 2331: 2323: 2321: 2320:for details. 2319: 2312: 2310: 2305: 2302:redirects to 2300: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2287:redirects to 2285: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2273: 2269: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2257: 2256: 2254: 2249: 2247: 2243: 2242: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2224: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2202:Friendly Fire 2199: 2198:friendly fire 2195: 2191: 2181: 2177: 2174: 2170: 2167: 2163: 2162: 2159: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2120: 2119: 2118: 2116: 2108: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2082: 2076: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2054: 2046: 2045:WP:PARENTHDIS 2042: 2039: 2035: 2032: 2028: 2027: 2024: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1984: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1958:French people 1955: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1946: 1944: 1943:made-up names 1940: 1930: 1926: 1923: 1919: 1918: 1915: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1895: 1894: 1893:disambiguated 1889: 1888:primary topic 1885: 1882: 1881:primary topic 1878: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1866:Turkey (bird) 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1843: 1833: 1829: 1826: 1822: 1821: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1763: 1762:Primary topic 1759: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1725:Primary topic 1722: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1706:Mother Teresa 1703: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1678: 1674: 1671: 1667: 1664: 1660: 1659: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1632: 1622: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1610: 1607: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1556: 1552: 1551: 1548: 1540: 1537: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1517:Nadya Suleman 1514: 1510: 1506: 1498: 1495: 1494: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1465: 1461: 1458: 1454: 1453: 1450: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1428: 1418: 1414: 1411: 1407: 1406: 1403: 1395: 1393: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1377: 1371: 1369: 1363: 1356: 1352: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1334: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1311:search engine 1303: 1300: 1297: 1293: 1290: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1270: 1269: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1244: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1214:Diesel engine 1212: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1204: 1203: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1172: 1171: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1144:J. K. Rowling 1142: 1139: 1136: 1134:(not: Musa I) 1133: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1122: 1121: 1120: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1082: 1077: 1074: 1073:five criteria 1070: 1066: 1061: 1051: 1050:WP:COMMONTERM 1047: 1044: 1043:WP:COMMONNAME 1040: 1037: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1023: 1015: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 988: 982: 978: 968: 967:§ Consistency 962: 958: 955: 951: 945: 942: 938: 932: 929: 926: 923: 920: 917: 916: 915: 913: 909: 906:based on how 897: 887: 883: 882: 879: 871: 869: 867: 863: 858: 856: 852: 848: 847:Verifiability 844: 838: 836: 831: 829: 825: 821: 815: 813: 809: 805: 804:article title 802: 790: 785: 783: 778: 776: 771: 770: 768: 767: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 741:Verifiability 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 728: 727: 726: 722: 717: 707: 702: 700: 695: 693: 688: 687: 685: 684: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 663: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 648: 647: 646: 641: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 540:Ancient Roman 538: 537: 534: 533: 532:All countries 529: 527: 526: 525:All languages 522: 520: 519: 515: 514: 513: 512: 507: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 484: 483: 477: 474: 473: 471: 467: 464: 462: 459: 458: 457: 451: 448: 447: 445: 441: 438: 437: 436: 430: 427: 426: 424: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 405: 404: 403: 400:Organizations 398: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 380: 379: 373: 370: 367: 366: 364: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 331: 330: 324: 321: 318: 317: 315: 308: 305: 304: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 284: 283: 282: 279: 275: 271: 268: 266: 263: 261: 258: 256: 253: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 222: 221: 215: 213:Entertainment 212: 209: 208: 206: 201: 198: 196: 193: 192: 191: 190: 185: 180: 179: 175: 174: 173: 172: 167: 158: 155: 148: 145: 138: 137: 125: 121: 118: 114: 111: 107: 106: 103: 98: 93: 89: 83: 81: 75: 68: 67: 62: 55: 48: 44: 37: 36:WP:Namespaces 33: 29: 22: 5065: 5056: 5048: 5041: 5033: 5026: 4990:Terms of Use 4975: 4926:WikiProjects 4906: 4843:Lead section 4763:Article size 4744: 4720: 4667: 4657:Enforcement 4597: 4507: 4483:Sockpuppetry 4473:Edit warring 4423: 4333: 4323: 4269: 4245: 4240:Five pillars 4238: 4161: 4144: 4123: 4110: 4090: 4086: 4064: 4056: 4052: 4047: 4038: 4020: 4003:be the only 4000: 3997:HTML element 3988: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3944: 3940: 3886:WikiProjects 3883: 3871:Village Pump 3860: 3851:Main pages: 3841: 3829: 3818: 3808: 3806: 3760: 3748:yin and yang 3741: 3714: 3676: 3669: 3663: 3660: 3621: 3619: 3596:Italic title 3589:DISPLAYTITLE 3585: 3566: 3547: 3514: 3509:Fleur-de-lis 3504: 3494: 3465: 3429: 3414: 3382: 3364: 3347: 3343:# < : --> 3336: 3288:J. P. Morgan 3277: 3250: 3238: 3223: 3209: 3178:noun phrases 3172: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3109: 3059: 3015: 3008:WP:ARTSINGLE 2957: 2951: 2944:WP:LOWERCASE 2918: 2889: 2873: 2853: 2846: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2791:colour state 2782: 2778: 2768: 2762: 2754: 2746: 2713: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2680: 2674: 2672: 2656:Hanyu Pinyin 2647: 2641: 2621:Rhine Valley 2616: 2612: 2609: 2601:delicatessen 2582: 2535: 2527: 2488:Lime (color) 2441: 2403:J. P. 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