35:
103:
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If a chemical is used as a pesticide, most likely its use is subject to extensive regulation, which will vary from country to country, and even depend on the province or state within many countries. Furthermore, most regulations change with time. Prudence must be exercised in covering such regulatory
325:
If a chemical is used as a pesticide, most likely its use is subject to extensive regulation, which will vary from country to country, and even depend on the province or state within many countries. Furthermore, most regulations change with time. Prudence must be exercised in covering such regulatory
510:
These are also published by the IPCS, but are much shorter than other IPCS publications (two pages!) and intended for a non-technical audience. They do not include citations to the original literature, but are peer-reviewed. They are particularly useful for providing basic chemical information (in
1029:
There are noticeable differences between the MSDSs of different companies. In particular, MSDSs written for distribution in the United States are noticeably harsher on the perceived hazards of a given chemical than those written from distribution in Europe (this almost certainly stems from the
301:
News reports of spills or accidents associated with a chemical compound, even though they may be tragic, are usually not notable. The description of hazards should avoid anecdotes. The role of
Knowledge (XXG) is to give balanced and accurate information, allowing readers to reach their own
305:
Descriptions of hazards should, as far as possible, be based on published, peer-reviewed sources, which should be cited at the appropriate point in the article. A list of resources for chemical safety information is given in the external links section of these guidelines.
962:(TLVs) have not been widely used as a source on Knowledge (XXG), as they are not accessible to most editors: however, they are widely cited by other secondary sources in the field and so would constitute a reliable secondary source if need be. Note that TLVs are
302:
conclusions. Hazards should be peer reviewed, and not taken from newspaper accounts. If an event is potentially significant enough to warrant inclusion as a safety hazard, first post it to the discussion page and discuss it with the
Knowledge (XXG) community.
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risks to humans which are very widely used around the world. Summary evaluations are available for all chemicals which have been classified as carcinogens by the IARC, and in some cases the full text of the monograph is available free of charge. These are a
351:, editors are discouraged from providing advice about poisons or emergencies associated with chemical compounds: "a Knowledge (XXG) article should not read like a how-to style manual of instructions, advice (legal, medical, or otherwise) or suggestions."
1041:
source of safety information for a particular chemical: indeed, they may be the only available source of basic chemical data such as melting points. If that is the case, a separate safety section is inappropriate. However the relevant summary data
736:(see above) are preferred as a source for carcinogenicity information, as they cover more substances in greater depth, but the NTP report is also reliable. The report also links to many other federal regulations concerning the substances listed.
400:) with the collaboration of many other national and international bodies. It publishes several series of documents which may be of use here: these are peer-reviewed reviews, but are often long and technical. The three main ones are
1092:
859:(CCID) according to the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Regulations (HSNO regulations): contains over 5000 GHS classifications (some of these are multiple classifications for different concentrations of the same substance)
267:. Editors recognize that all chemical compounds could be abused and can be dangerous under diverse circumstances. In cases where the mechanism of toxicity is noteworthy in a chemical context, e.g., the inhibition of
540:
205:
928:, currently on its 11th edition (2004, 4860 pages). It is available in most university libraries and in many large public libraries, and some universities have local access to a CD-ROM version. In citing
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955:
275:, a separate section within the article is often desirable because it illuminates the chemical subject. In a few cases where the literature and lore on toxicity is extensive, such as
195:
180:
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present several problems as sources: these problems are shared by the various collections of MSDSs kept and compiled by university chemistry departments and by data retrieved from
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Depending on the extent of the information, this content may be incorporated into the Safety section or it may be a separate section on its own. If the compound is a drug, follow
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Much of the regulation of occupation exposure to chemical substances in Canada is of provincial competence. There is a federal classification system, the
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When the safety section is warranted beyond the information in the
Chembox, information should be succinctly presented. Pertinent information could be
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They are commercial documents, usually held on the supplier's website: why should we favour one supplier over another in linking to their sites?
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Safety sections should only be included when the information adds something to the article. They are not obligatory and often are inappropriate.
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47:
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655:(AEGLs) give one response to questions about "safe" levels of chemicals for the general population (rather than in workplace situations).
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In the usual encyclopedic way, the
Project avoids serving either as a safety manual or a guide to regulation. We follow the advice in
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503:
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legally enforceable in the United States, although they have been cited in civil lawsuits as an example of industry best practice.
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The CDC promote public health in general, and most of their work on occupational health is conducted through NIOSH. However, their
511:
the absence of a more specific source), and in providing NFPA-ratings which have been peer-reviewed (otherwise difficult to find).
932:, it is not necessary that the most up-to-date edition is used, although that is obviously preferable if you have access to it.
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The EPA is mostly concerned with pesticides and environmental polluants, information on which can be found through the
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on just over 300 substances. These are fairly long and technical, and often redundant to CICADs or similar documents.
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This page provides additional information about concepts in the page(s) it supplements. This page is not one of
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678:("Everything Added to Food in the United States") is a particularly useful starting point to find information.
287:
is a strong acid, it is not necessary to state that it should be stored away from bases and reactive metals.
569:
The EU-OSHA site contains information of a more general nature about the use of chemicals in the workplace.
283:. Obvious hazards that depend on knowledge of basic chemistry do not warrant inclusion. For example, since
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via GHSPictograms, GHSSignalWord, NFPA, or MainHazard parameters; further elaborated in H and P phrases.
59:
959:
264:
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69:
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They are not peer-reviewed. Although they are usually competently complied, peer-reviewed sources are
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from using the primary literature (e.g. journal articles) as sources for chemical safety information.
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The standard reference work for chemical safety, other than the sites and monographs given above, is
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NIOSH is a federal agency concerned more with research and training rather than with regulation. Its
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130:
123:
244:
be described by a long list of potential hazards as well as H&P phrases. Knowledge (XXG) does
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The HSE is responsible for promotion and enforcement of health and safety regulations in the UK.
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different legal frameworks for these documents). Which version should we choose as our source?
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The hazards associated with most chemical compounds are adequately described in the
Chembox
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from the
National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) at the
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272:
1066:
Knowledge (XXG) talk:WikiProject
Chemicals/Archive 2011#Recommend New Template or Project
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636:) are a useful response to the common question "how much of this chemical will kill me?"
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is a useful secondary source of information on some more exotic compounds, such as
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Other IPCS publications which might be of use in specific circumstances include:
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is a widely used summary of basic safety information, but mostly redundant to
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are the legally enforceable standards for workplace contamination in the U.S.
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be included in the chembox, with the MSDS as a reference or included in the
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provides a variety of general publications about various chemical hazards.
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The ECHA is the main site for EU-related chemical safety concerning e.g.
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Knowledge (XXG) essays and information pages about the Manual of Style
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As a counterbalance to these problems, MSDSs or IUCLID are often the
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values (for "Immediately
Dangerous to Life and Health", available
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Explanatory essay about
Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style/Chemistry
697:, for which little reliable information is available elsewhere.
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547:. Full GHS assessments of more than 100,000 chemicals with a
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Monographs on the
Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
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WHMIS site also provides a small amount of information on
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468:
The IARC (CIRC in its French acronym) is an agency of the
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American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
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American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
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The FDA is the source for U.S.-related information about
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Regulations, when noteworthy, should not be enumerated.
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Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (France)
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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
279:, an entire separate article can be warranted, e.g.
405:
Concise International Chemical Assessment Documents
939:Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials
925:Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials
792:Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
784:Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
702:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
649:Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances site
891:National Institute of Technology and Evaluation
810:list substances which are regulated under the
708:The ATSDR is a federal agency which publishes
812:Canadian Environmental Protection Act of 1999
586:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
574:European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
563:European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
551:, i.e. in the European market are available.
8:
857:Chemical Classification Information Database
592:The OSHA is the federal agency charged with
1088:Knowledge (XXG) Manual of Style (chemistry)
728:: the most recent available version is the
462:International Agency for Research on Cancer
248:aspire to be a surrogate for MSDS and does
1050:field (label the link as "External MSDS",
828:Australian Safety and Compensation Council
691:Emergency Preparedness & Response site
683:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
378:International Programme on Chemical Safety
143:
48:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style/Chemistry
413:Environmental Health Criteria Monographs
56:Knowledge (XXG)'s policies or guidelines
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849:Environmental Risk Management Authority
824:Hazardous Substances Information System
722:Department of Health and Human Services
720:The National Toxicology Program of the
489:when discussing human carcinogenicity.
455:IPCS/CEC Evaluation of Antidotes Series
384:The IPCS is a joint programme of three
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252:provide advice as a matter of policy.
910:(Chemical Risk Information Platform)
7:
1006:Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
522:Secondary sources (EU and national)
516:International Chemical Safety Cards
504:International Chemical Safety Cards
476:, France. It publishes a series of
386:United Nations specialized agencies
1083:Knowledge (XXG) supplemental pages
880:(click on "Fiches toxicologiques")
863:New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals
440:JECFA Monographs & Evaluations
60:thoroughly vetted by the community
28:
918:Secondary sources (encyclopedias)
621:Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
101:
33:
937:Lewis, Richard J., ed. (2004),
837:Department of Health and Ageing
786:(WHMIS), which can be searched
641:Environmental Protection Agency
600:provides several useful links.
372:Secondary sources (UN agencies)
18:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style
741:Hazardous Substances Data Bank
653:Acute Exposure Guidance Levels
594:occupational safety and health
449:Poisons Information Monographs
1:
598:Safety and Health Topics site
421:IPCS Health and Safety Guides
367:Sources of safety information
126:in writing a safety section.
1064:An illustrative discussion:
749:National Library of Medicine
660:Food and Drug Administration
1012:Material Safety Data Sheets
978:, Cincinnati, Ohio: ACGIH,
941:(11th ed.), London: Wiley,
833:Chemical Assessment Reports
804:CEPA Environmental Registry
800:"Substance-Specific Issues"
764:Health and Safety Executive
716:National Toxicology Program
602:Permissible Exposure Limits
348:What Knowledge (XXG) is not
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294:
240:The majority of compounds
67:
901:of about 1500 substances
556:European Chemicals Agency
549:European Community number
533:European Chemicals Agency
470:World Health Organization
285:hexafluorophosphoric acid
1054:with the company name).
958:(ACGIH) in establishing
336:WikiProject Pharmacology
119:almost never appropriate
109:This page in a nutshell:
310:Coverage of regulations
133:should be used instead.
960:Threshold Limit Values
954:The monographs of the
710:Toxicological Profiles
726:Report on Carcinogens
434:Pesticide Data Sheets
999:strongly discouraged
724:publishes a regular
790:at the site of the
58:as it has not been
976:2009 TLVs and BEIs
899:GHS classfications
808:Environment Canada
84:WP:Chemical safety
596:regulations. Its
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878:(in French)
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464:(IARC/CIRC)
355:Regulations
316:WP:NOTGUIDE
42:This is an
1077:Categories
984:188241795X
947:0471476625
734:Monographs
478:Monographs
330:Toxicology
297:WP:NOTNEWS
295:See also:
216:Categories
818:Australia
772:This page
747:From the
732:The IARC
672:cosmetics
565:(EU-OSHA)
472:based in
407:(CICADs)
291:Anecdotes
269:myoglobin
224:Templates
176:Chemicals
171:Chemboxes
157:Chemistry
70:Shortcuts
22:Chemistry
974:(2009),
730:11th ed.
360:topics.
326:topics.
229:citation
128:Reliable
20: |
1026:better.
802:. The
704:(ATSDR)
651:. Its
614:(NIOSH)
604:(PELs)
506:(ICSCs)
423:(HSGs)
415:(EHCs)
277:cyanide
122:to use
1024:always
1016:IUCLID
893:(NITE)
869:France
851:(ERMA)
778:Canada
753:TOXNET
743:(HSDB)
588:(OSHA)
535:(ECHA)
451:(PIMs)
436:(PDSs)
380:(IPCS)
201:Safety
116:It is
46:about
930:Sax's
885:Japan
766:(HSE)
685:(CDC)
662:(FDA)
643:(EPA)
626:ICSCs
541:REACH
494:IARC
242:could
186:InChI
16:<
980:ISBN
943:ISBN
788:here
670:and
668:food
634:here
630:IDLH
543:and
474:Lyon
398:UNEP
322:.
318:and
263:and
261:LD50
1052:not
1044:may
964:not
806:of
480:on
442:on
394:ILO
390:WHO
338:'s
271:by
265:TLV
250:not
246:not
1079::
1018:.
396:,
392:,
342:.
51:.
388:(
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227:(
62:.
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