2585:"A 1961 Copyright Office study found that fewer than 15% of all registered copyrights were renewed. For books, the figure was even lower: 7%. Barbara Ringer, "Study No. 31: Renewal of Copyright" (1960) "Study No. 31: Renewal of Copyright" (1960), reprinted in Library of Congress Copyright Office. Copyright law revision: Studies prepared for the Subcommittee on Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eighty-sixth Congress, first session. (Washington: U. S. Govt. Print. Off, 1961), p. 220. A good guide to investigating the copyright and renewal status of published work is Samuel Demas and Jennie L. Brogdon, "Determining Copyright Status for Preservation and Access: Defining Reasonable Effort," Library Resources and Technical Services 41:4 (October, 1997): 323-334."
2561:
indicates "at least some creativity." She recommended using polls in accordance with fair use principles, reminding that "Merely republishing them without any commentary or transformation is not fair use." She also recommends that the use of even uncopyrightable lists be considered with regards to licensing agreements that may "bind the user/reader from republishing the list/survey results without permission", noting that "Absent a license agreement, you may still run afoul of state unfair competition and/or misappropriation laws if you take a substantial portion of the list or survey results."
2287:. If there is a valid license, the user must stay within the scope of the license (which may include limitations on amount of use, geographic or business territory, time period, nature of use, etc.). Fair use, by contrast, is a limited right to use copyrighted works without permission, highly dependent on the specific circumstances of the work and the use in question. It is a doctrine incorporated as a clause in United States copyright code, arising out of a concern that strict application of copyright law would limit criticism, commentary, scholarship, and other important
1192:; many of the non-free rationale templates already include a field for this information. This can aid in the cases of disputed media files, or evaluating the non-free or free nature of the image. Lacking a source is not grounds for media removal, but if the nature of the media file is disputed, the lack of a source may prevent the file from being retained. Non-free media must be from a published source; the unpublished non-free media is forbidden. Identification of the source will aid in validating the previous publication of the material.
1091:) of a non-free logo or other design, US law is not clear as to whether the vectorisation of the logo has its own copyright which exists in addition to any copyright on the actual logo. To avoid this uncertainty, editors who upload vector images of non-free logos should use a vector image that was produced by the copyright holder of the logo and should not use a vector image from a site such as
2208:
educational context without including examples from the media itself. In other cases such as cover art/product packaging, a non-free work is needed to discuss a related subject. This policy allows such material to be used if it meets U.S. legal tests for fair use, but we impose additional limitations. Just because something is "fair use" on a
Knowledge (XXG) article in the U.S.
59:
514:
145:
1013:. The standard upload tool for Knowledge (XXG) will ask you enough questions during the process to fill in both the license and rationale for you, thus simplifying the process. If they are added manually, with or without the help of a template, it is recommended to put the rationale and license under separate sections "Rationale" and "Licensing" respectively.
175:
2525:
cover conveys. The same rationale does not usually apply when the work is described in other articles, such as articles about the author or musician; in such articles, the NFCC criteria typically require that the cover art itself be significantly discussed within the article. For historical information, see
1363:
2524:
NFCI#1 relates to the use of cover art within articles whose main subject is the work associated with the cover. Within such articles, the cover art implicitly satisfies the "contextual significance" NFCC criterion (NFCC#8) by virtue of the marketing, branding, and identification information that the
2349:
for a list of copyright tags for these works. Restricted licenses to these works offer some legal rights, but
Knowledge (XXG) ignores them because they are not free enough for its purposes. Instead, works covered by inadequate licenses are treated the same on Knowledge (XXG) as works with no licenses
2195:
Knowledge (XXG) distributes content throughout the world with no restrictions on how people use it. Legally, we could use any copyrighted material for ourselves that is either licensed to us by the owner, or that fits the definition of "fair use" under US copyright law. However, we favor content that
1433:
Non-free video clips may be used, but besides meeting all other criteria, there must be some significant justification for using a video clip over a single image. A single image is always considered a more minimal use under NFCC#3 than a video clip if it is an equivalent replacement, so the rationale
2212:
mean it is fair use in another context. A downstream user's commercial use of content in a commercial setting may be illegal even if our noncommercial use is legal. Use in another country with different fair use and fair dealing laws may be illegal as well. That would fail our mission. We therefore
2203:
To honor its mission, Knowledge (XXG) accepts incoming copyright licenses only if they meet
Knowledge (XXG)'s definition of "free" use. This is a higher standard than we would need just for our own use. But our ability to use a work does not guarantee that others may use it. We reject licenses that
1396:
If a small area of a large image needs high resolution to see details that are discussed in the article text, it may be better to crop the section to show the critical portion at a higher resolution, than to try to reduce the full image. If cropping is performed, editors should indicate the original
1253:
For example, an article about an ensemble may warrant the inclusion of a non-free image identifying the ensemble. This is preferable to including separate non-free images for each member of the ensemble, even if the article has been split with each member having their own sub-section of the article.
1108:
Very often, such as for most non-free content emanating from the news and entertainment industries, meeting this criterion is not in question. In rare cases however, non-free content may have been originally leaked and never subsequently published with the copyright holder's permission—such content
1563:
Music clips may be used to identify a musical style, group, or iconic piece of music when accompanied by appropriate sourced commentary and attributed to the copyright holder. Samples should generally not be longer than 30 seconds or 10% of the length of the original song, whichever is shorter (see
1062:
If the answer to either is yes, the non-free content probably does not meet this criterion. Note that the replacement image does not need to exist; it is sufficient that it could be created – for example, in most cases, a photograph of a living person can be taken and released under a free licence.
2365:
Non-free material is used only if, in addition to other restrictions, we firmly believe that the use would be deemed fair use if we were taken to court. The
Wikimedia Foundation reserves the right to remove unfree copyrighted content at any time. Note that citation sources and external links raise
2313:
Uploading an image, audio or video file, or text quotation into
Knowledge (XXG), and adding that file to a project page, both raise copyright concerns. Editors who do either must make sure their contributions are legal. If there is any doubt as to legality, ask others for help, try to find a free
1392:
An original, high resolution image (that can be reasonably scaled down to maintain overall artistic and critical details) may lose some text detail. In such cases, that text should be duplicated on the image description page. Care should be given to the recreation of copyrighted text: for example,
1178:
To identify a subject of discussion, depiction of a prominent aspect of the subject generally suffices, thus only a single item of non-free content meets the criterion. For example, to allow identification of music albums, books, etc., only an image of the front cover art of the object is normally
2560:
The
Wikimedia Foundation's associate counsel advised in March 2011 that while the courts have not firmly established precedence on the matter, polls are likely to be protectable as well because the parameters of the survey are chosen by those who conduct the polls and the selection of respondents
1940:
A magazine or book cover, to illustrate the article on the person whose photograph is on the cover. However, if the cover itself is the subject of sourced discussion in the article, it may be appropriate if placed inline next to the commentary. Similarly, a photo of a copyrighted statue (assuming
1474:
criteria above but does not fall under one of the designated categories below may or may not be allowable, depending on what the material is and how it is used. These examples are not meant to be exhaustive, and depending on the situation there are exceptions. When in doubt as to whether non-free
1095:
or Brands of the World where the vectorisation of a logo may have been done without authorization from the logo's copyright holder. If an editor bases a vectorisation they did by themself from a free image, they should indicate the source image so that freeness can be confirmed, and release their
1074:
will also carry the copyright of the photographer in addition to the copyright of the artist that created the work. We would use a photograph where the photographer has licensed their photograph under a free license, retaining the copyright of the derivative work, instead of a photograph that has
2041:
If another non-free image of an element of an article is used elsewhere within
Knowledge (XXG), referring to its other use is preferred over repeating its use on the list and/or including a new, separate, non-free image. If duplicating the use of a non-free image, please be aware that a separate
2016:
In articles and sections of articles that consist of several small sections of information for a series of elements common to a topic, such as a list of characters in a fictional work, non-free images should be used judiciously to present the key visual aspects of the topic. It is inadvisable to
1388:
template to the image rationale page to indicate that your image resolution purposely exceeds the 0.1 megapixels guideline, though this still requires you to include a valid rationale that explains this reasoning; large images using this template without a rationale to explain the large size may
488:
policy currently serves as the exemption doctrine policy of the
English Knowledge (XXG), while this document serves to provide guidance associated with this policy. Non-free content can be used on Knowledge (XXG) in certain cases (for example, in some situations where acquiring a freely licensed
2550:
applies to the use of the logo on the infobox or lede for the stand-alone article about the entity, and should reflect its most current logo. The use of historical logos for an entity is not allowed, unless the historical logo itself is described in the context of critical commentary about that
2021:
Images that show multiple elements of the list at the same time, such as a cast shot or montage for a television show, are strongly preferred over individual images. Such an image should be provided by the copyright holder or scanned/captured directly from the copyrighted work, instead of being
2353:
If a work is not free, Knowledge (XXG) requires that it comply with
Knowledge (XXG)'s non-free use policy. As explained above, this policy is more restrictive than US law requires. Logically, material that satisfies the policy should also satisfy legal requirements as well. However, to be more
1377:
At the extreme high end of the range, non-free images where one dimension exceeds 1,000 pixels, or where the pixel count approaches 1 megapixel, will very likely require a close review to verify that the image needs that level of resolution. Editors should ensure that the image rationale fully
480:
allowing the use of non-free content. Their use should be minimal and confined (with limited exceptions) to illustrating historically significant events, to include identifying protected works such as logos, or to complement (within narrow limits) articles about copyrighted contemporary works.
2207:
Similarly, Knowledge (XXG) imposes higher fair-use standards on itself than U.S. copyright law. There are some works, such as important photographs, significant modern artworks, that we cannot realistically expect to be released under a free content license, but that are hard to discuss in an
2275:
Copyright law only governs creative expressions that are "fixed in a tangible medium of expression," not the ideas or information behind the works. It is legal to reformulate ideas based on written texts, or create images or recordings inspired by others, as long as there is no copying (see
1875:
Pictures of people still alive, groups still active, and buildings still standing; provided that taking a new free picture as a replacement (which is almost always considered possible) would serve the same encyclopedic purpose as the non-free image. This includes non-free promotional images.
2109:
User-created montages containing non-free images should be avoided for similar reasons. Within the scope of NFCC#3a, such montages are considered as multiple non-free images based on each non-free image that contributes towards the montage. If a montage is determined to be appropriate, each
1886:
In considering the ability to take a free photograph, it is expected that the photographer respect all local property and privacy laws and restrictions. For example, we would not accept a free photograph of a structure on inaccessible private property that is not visible from public
1903:
An image whose subject happens to be a war, to illustrate an article on the war. Use may be appropriate if the image itself is a proper subject for commentary in the article: for example, an iconic image that has received attention in its own right, if the image is discussed in the
1287:
There is no firm guideline on allowable resolutions for non-free content; images should be rescaled as small as possible to still be useful as identified by their rationale, and no larger. This metric is very qualitative, and thus difficult to enforce. Some legal proceedings have
2272:, i.e., has no copyright. Some such as photos and scans of 2-dimensional objects and other "slavish reproductions", short text phrases, typographic logos, and product designs, do not have a sufficient degree of creativity apart from their functional aspects to have a copyright.
2204:
limit use exclusively to
Knowledge (XXG) or for non-commercial purposes. Commercial use is a complex issue that goes well beyond a company's for-profit status, another reason to be careful. In fact, we reject any licenses with significant limitations. That is not free enough.
2049:
and above), if there is little difference in appearance between actor and role. However, if there is a significant difference due to age or makeup and costuming, then, when needed, it may be appropriate to include a non-free image to demonstrate the role of the actor in that
1530:
following the quote or the sentence where it is used is required. Copyrighted text that is used verbatim must be attributed with quotation marks or other standard notation, such as block quotes. Any alterations must be clearly marked, i.e., for added text, an ellipsis
1299:(0.1Â megapixels), obtained by multiplying the horizontal and vertical pixel dimensions of an image. This allows, for example, images with a 4:3 aspect ratio to be shown at 320 Ă— 240 pixels (common for screenshots from TV, films, and video games), while allowing common
665:. An entire work is not used if a portion will suffice. Low-resolution, rather than high-resolution/fidelity/bit rate is used (especially where the original could be used for deliberate copyright infringement). This rule also applies to the copy in the File: namespace.
2053:
Barring the above, images that are used only to visually identify elements in the article should be used as sparingly as possible. Consider restricting such uses to major characters and elements or those that cannot be described easily in text, as agreed to by editor
481:
Non-free content should not be used when a freely licensed file that serves the same purpose can reasonably be expected to be uploaded, as is the case for almost all portraits of living people. Non-free content should be replaced by free content should such emerge.
1978:
An image of a newspaper article or other publication that contains long legible sections of copyrighted text. If the text is important as a source or quotation, it should be worked into the Knowledge (XXG) article in textual form, with a citation to the newspaper
1899:
A map, scanned or traced from an atlas, to illustrate the region depicted. Use may be appropriate if the map itself is a proper subject for commentary in the article: for example, a controversial map of a disputed territory, if the controversy is discussed in the
248:
1245:
A single item of non-free content that conveys multiple points of significant understanding within a topic is preferred to multiple non-free items which each convey fewer such points. This is independent of whether the topic is covered by a single article, or is
1443:
When non-free video clips are used, they should treated similarly to non-free audio clips: limited to less than 10% of the length of the original work or 30 seconds, whichever is shorter, encoded in a lossy format and resized to meet all other NFCC#3 factors.
1195:
The source information should be sufficiently complete to allow any editor to validate that material. While completeness is not required, editors are encouraged to provide as much source information as they can. Some ways to source media files include:
744:
Identification of the source of the original copyrighted material, supplemented, where possible, with information about the artist, publisher and copyright holder, and year of copyright; this is to help determine the material's potential market value.
1880:
For some retired or disbanded groups, or retired individuals whose notability rests in large part on their earlier visual appearance, a new picture may not serve the same purpose as an image taken during their career, in which case the use would be
460:, or which is made available subject to restrictions such as "non-commercial use only" or "for use on Knowledge (XXG) only". (Many images that are generally available free of charge may thus still be "non-free" for Knowledge (XXG)'s purposes.) The
2394:
This policy is specific to the English-language Knowledge (XXG). Other Wikimedia projects, including Wikipedias in other languages, may have different policies on non-free content. A list of some of the projects and their policies on fair use
2315:
800:
A file with a valid non-free-use rationale for some (but not all) articles it is used in will not be deleted. Instead, the file should be removed from the articles for which it lacks a non-free-use rationale, or a suitable rationale
1115:
If, in this regard, an item of non-free content is questioned or is likely to be questioned, then details of an instance of prior publication with permission must be determined and recorded at the non-free media's description page.
1309:
2037:
An image that provides a representative visual reference for other elements in the article, such as what an alien race may look like on a science-fiction television show, is preferred over providing a picture of each element
1004:
If the image is used in two separate articles, two separate rationales are needed, unique for both articles. If the image is used more than once in the same article, a separate and specific rationale is still needed for each
2033:
Images which are discussed in detail in the context of the article body, such as a discussion of the art style, or a contentious element of the work, are preferable to those that simply provide visual identification of the
1598:
Some non-free images may be used on Knowledge (XXG), providing they meet both the legal criteria for fair use, and Knowledge (XXG)'s own guidelines for non-free content. Non-free images that reasonably could be replaced by
1607:; failure to meet those overrides any acceptable allowance here. The following list is not exhaustive but contains the most common cases where non-free images may be used and is subject to the restrictions listed below at
1016:
Failure to include a licensing template, or a rationale that clearly identifies each article the media file is used in, will lead to the media file being deleted within 7 days after being tagged with warning messages.
2220:
them and let them make their own decision. To that end we require a copyright tag describing the nature of a copyrighted work, sourcing material saying exactly where any non-free content comes from, and a detailed
1948:
An image with an unknown or unverifiable origin. This does not apply to historical images, where sometimes only secondary sources are known, as the ultimate source of some historical images may never be known with
631:, or a similar method. Other non-free content—including all copyrighted images, audio and video clips, and other media files that lack a free content license—may be used on the English Knowledge (XXG) only where
2098:
format is usually unacceptable, but should be considered on a case-by-case basis. Exceptions should be very well-justified and alternate forms of presentation (including with fewer images) strongly considered.
1289:
475:
of the Wikimedia Foundation expects all content hosted on Wikimedia projects to be free content; however, there are exceptions. The policy allows projects (with the exception of Wikimedia Commons) to adopt an
1796:
All copyrighted text poses legal problems when making spoken word audio files from Knowledge (XXG) articles, and should be avoided in such files, because the resulting audio file cannot be licensed under the
1187:
While there is no specific requirement in the non-free content policy to identify the source from which a non-free file was obtained, editors are strongly encouraged to make note of the source on the media's
1973:
A logo of a perennial event (or of its sponsoring company), used to illustrate an article about a specific instance of that event. If each instance has its own logo, such specific logos remain acceptable.
765:
The name of each article (a link to each article is also recommended) in which fair use is claimed for the item, and a separate, specific non-free use rationale for each use of the item, as explained at
1832:
The use of non-free media (whether images, audio or video clips) in galleries, discographies, and navigational and user-interface elements generally fails the test for significance (criterion #8).
2475:
2445:
939:
The copyright license template identifies the type of copyright that the original work is under license. This is necessary to demonstrate that the image complies with United States fair use laws.
853:
Note that it is the duty of users seeking to include or retain content to provide a valid rationale; those seeking to remove or delete it are not required to show that one cannot be created—see
1982:
A publicity image of a commercial product released by its manufacturer, if the product has already been sold or displayed to the public in such a way that free photographs of it could be taken.
2196:
everyone can use, not just Knowledge (XXG). We want them to be free to use, redistribute, or modify the content, for any purpose, without significant legal restrictions, particularly those of
1475:
content may be included, please make a judgement based on the spirit of the policy, not necessarily the exact wording. If you want help in assessing whether a use is acceptable, please ask at
1434:
for the video must describe why a single image is not sufficient, such as capturing a specific type of motion discussed in depth by sources. One such acceptable use is the video clip used on
1411:
1242:
For example, an excerpt of a significant artistic work is usually included only in the article about the work, which is then referenced in the articles about its performer and its publisher.
2253:
of copyrighted works without legal justification. Unless a thorough search is conducted to determine that a copyright has expired or not been renewed, it should be regarded as copyrighted.
2145:
989:, and are encouraged to improve upon rationales if they can do so. You are not required to use the template forms, but whatever form you chose needs to clearly address all ten criteria in
2017:
provide a non-free image for each entry in such an article or section. The following considerations should be made to reduce the number of new non-free images associated with such lists:
1907:
An image to illustrate an article passage about the image, if the image has its own article (in which case the image may be described and a link provided to the article about the image)
1535:) for removed text, and emphasis noted after the quotation as "(emphasis added)" or "(emphasis in the original)". Extensive quotation of copyrighted text is prohibited. Please see both
1510:
The following cases are a non-exhaustive list of established examples of acceptable use of non-free media on Knowledge (XXG). Note that the use of such media must still comply with the
2463:
2188:
or in the public domain, and to disseminate it effectively and globally." These concerns are embodied in the above requirements that all non-free content must meet, and our policy of
1498:
2329:
If a work has no copyright or is licensed to Knowledge (XXG) under an acceptable "free" license, it is a free work and may be used on Knowledge (XXG) without copyright concerns. See
1393:
while duplication is appropriate for credits from a movie poster that contains factual data, such duplication would not be appropriate for an original poem embedded within an image.
1051:
equivalent, with an acceptable quality sufficient to serve the encyclopedic purpose, is available or could be created. As a quick test, before adding non-free content, ask yourself:
253:
2228:
A further goal of minimizing licensed and fair-use material is to encourage creation of original new content, rather than relying on borrowed content that comes with restrictions.
952:
The rationale to use the non-free content is necessary to show that the non-free content criteria have been met. The rationale should clearly address and satisfy all ten points of
709:
Non-free content is used only if its presence would significantly increase readers' understanding of the article topic, and its omission would be detrimental to that understanding.
2505:
436:
encyclopedia, with free content defined as content that does not bear copyright restrictions on the right to redistribute, study, modify and improve, or otherwise use works for
391:
1571:
Spoken word clips of historical events, such as speeches by public figures, may be used when accompanied by appropriate sourced commentary and attributed to the speaker/author.
2500:
1987:
The logo of an entity used for identification of one of its child entities, when the child entity lacks its own branding. The specific child entity's logo remains acceptable.
1167:
In all cases, meeting the criterion depends on the significance of the understanding afforded by the non-free content, which can be determined according to the principles of
1697:
Iconic and historical images which are not subject of commentary themselves but significantly aid in illustrating historical events may be used if they meet all aspects of
758:
611:
There is no automatic entitlement to use non-free content in an article or elsewhere on Knowledge (XXG). Articles and other Knowledge (XXG) pages may, in accordance with
1239:
Articles are structured and worded to minimize the total number of items of non-free content that are included within the encyclopedia, where it is reasonable to do so.
2469:
724:
700:
355:
417:
2346:
2323:
2222:
1358:{\displaystyle {\text{new width}}=\left\lfloor {\sqrt {\tfrac {{\text{target pixel count}}\times {\text{original width}}}{\text{original height}}}}\right\rfloor }
493:, and in accordance with Knowledge (XXG)'s own non-free content criteria as set out below. The use of non-free content on Knowledge (XXG) is therefore subject to
2416:– "How-To" guide for acquiring free images (5 steps). More useful for novice editors still gaining experience with copyright licenses and uploading free images.
1804:
for further details.) Articles on individual elements from such lists can discuss their inclusion in these lists. Complete lists based on factual data, such as
2534:
2530:
896:
767:
673:
Non-free content must be a work which has been published or publicly displayed outside Knowledge (XXG) by (or with permission from) the copyright holder, or a
2192:. Being generous to the world sometimes means being hard on ourselves. Please understand that these rules are not arbitrary; they are central to our mission.
2045:
For media that involves live actors, do not supply an image of the actor in their role if an appropriate free image of the actor exists on their page (as per
1822:
An excessive number of short audio clips in a single article. A small number may be appropriate if each is accompanied by commentary in the accompanying text.
2451:
2184:, which supports Knowledge (XXG) servers and software, is "to empower and engage people around the world to collect and develop educational content under a
319:
314:
2249:. Some creative works published in the United States between 1929 and 1963 are still copyrighted. It is illegal (among other things) to reproduce or make
2526:
2283:
If material does have a copyright, it may only be copied or distributed under a license (permission) from the copyright holder, or under the doctrine of
309:
2152:
pages for non-free video files will automatically include the video file, and as such, pages in the TimedText namespace are presumed to be exempted from
1968:
photograph of the game's layout while it is being played. Exceptions are made for parts of a board or card games that have received critical commentary.
329:
2216:
We do not want downstream re-users to rely solely on our assurances. They are liable for their own actions, no matter what we tell them. We therefore
1112:
Usually, an accompanying copyright notice is considered sufficient evidence that a publication in the media has been made with appropriate permission.
2597:
first published between 1929 and 1963, the percentage of renewed copyrights is far lower, because most published material was never registered at all.
982:
2480:
943:
2354:
certain of avoiding legal liability, and to understand the meaning of Knowledge (XXG) policy, editors should consider the legal rules as well. See
239:
2713:
2140:
Certain non-article pages are exempt from the non-free content policy. These uses are necessary for creating or managing the encyclopedia, such as
2114:). A montage created by the copyright holder of the images used to create the montage is considered a single non-free item and not separate items.
1215:
Identifying the URL of the image itself or web page hosting the image, and the image's copyright owner (not necessarily the same as the website's).
1209:
Identifying the movie, television show, or other video source, its copyright owner, and the approximate timestamp where the shot or clip was taken.
66:
1955:
A commercial photograph reproduced in high enough resolution to potentially undermine the ability of the copyright holder to profit from the work.
916:
A redirect pointing to the page where the non-free content is intended to be used is acceptable as the article name in the non-free use rationale.
278:
2457:
615:, use brief verbatim textual excerpts from copyrighted media, properly attributed or cited to its original source or author (as described by the
2176:
Material that is not free is permitted only if it meets the restrictions of this policy. This has been explicitly declared since May 2005. The
1555:; failure to meet those overrides any acceptable allowance here. Advice for preparing non-free audio files for Knowledge (XXG) can be found at
2440:
2314:
equivalent, or use your own words to make the same point. Also, consider asking the copyright holder to release the work under an appropriate
2153:
1476:
1421:
Note that these guidelines apply to the resolution as stored on the image file page; the reuse of these images in mainspace should follow the
900:
539:
381:
191:
1733:
Pictures of deceased persons, in articles about that person, provided that ever obtaining a free close substitute is not reasonably likely.
2022:
created from multiple non-free images by the user directly (as the "extent" of use is determined by the number and resolution of non-free
1721:) and is not itself the subject of critical commentary, it is assumed automatically to fail the "respect for commercial opportunity" test.
1484:
895:
served as the exemption doctrine policy and is referenced by the Resolution. Since then, the content has been moved around, specifically
520:
410:
371:
151:
2570:
2298:
Anything published 1929 or later in other countries and still copyrighted there, is typically also copyrighted in the United States. See
642:
Non-free content is used only where no free equivalent is available, or could be created, that would serve the same encyclopedic purpose.
804:
A file on which non-free use is claimed that is not used in any article (NFCC 7) may be deleted after being tagged for seven days under
2615:
2419:
2095:
1189:
1010:
929:
812:
2413:
1488:
82:
2485:
2383:
2181:
1945:
in the country where the statue was when the photo was taken) can only be used to discuss the statue itself, not the subject of it.
1677:
860:
461:
376:
350:
234:
1400:
If you believe an image is oversized, either re-upload a new version at the same file location, or tag the image file page with a
1526:
of copyrighted text may be used to illustrate a point, establish context, or attribute a point of view or idea. In all cases, an
648:
Non-free content is not used in a manner that is likely to replace the original market role of the original copyrighted material.
574:
To minimize legal exposure by limiting the amount of non-free content, using more narrowly defined criteria than apply under the
2310:
Never use materials that infringe the copyrights of others. This could create legal liabilities and seriously hurt the project.
2299:
1743:) and is not itself the subject of critical commentary it is assumed automatically to fail "respect for commercial opportunity".
386:
2408:
2265:
2111:
960:
472:
2430:
1801:
1761:
1148:
Two of the most common circumstances in which an item of non-free content can meet the contextual significance criterion are:
403:
345:
324:
1805:
974:
2718:
2379:
288:
1800:
A complete or partial recreation of "Top 100" or similar lists where the list has been selected in a creative manner. (See
1752:
The following is a non-exhaustive list of examples where non-free content may not be used outside of the noted exceptions.
1694:
Iconic or historical images that are themselves the subject of sourced commentary in the article are generally appropriate.
2691:
2495:
690:
524:
453:
74:
549:
1480:
2242:
1382:
1295:
At the low pixel count end of the range, most common pictorial needs can be met with an image containing no more than
854:
579:
498:
748:
720:
716:
2144:
and categories that are used to review questionable non-free content uses. Categories that are exempt are listed in
1670:
For critical commentary and discussion of the work in question (i.e., films, television programs, and music videos).
928:
The implementation of the non-free content criteria is done by having two specific elements on the non-free media's
2375:
1559:. The following list is non-inclusive but contains the most common cases where non-free audio samples may be used.
1440:, which is necessary to show a strobing effect discussed at depth that is impossible to capture with still images.
1096:
contribution (the labour of converting to vectors) under a free license to help with the aforementioned ambiguity.
197:
It is used for a purpose that cannot be fulfilled by free material (text or images, existing or to be created); and
2425:
1765:
1565:
1556:
1491:; these are places where those who understand copyright law and Knowledge (XXG) policy are likely to be watching.
1247:
304:
283:
41:
2359:
1825:
A long audio excerpt, to illustrate a stylistic feature of a contemporary band; see above for acceptable limits.
2662:
1404:
1088:
1066:
Another consideration for "no free equivalent" are "freer" versions of non-free media, typically which include
970:
1370:
1058:"Could the subject be adequately conveyed by properly sourced text without using the non-free content at all?"
584:
To facilitate the judicious use of non-free content to support the development of a high-quality encyclopedia
2213:
limit the media content we offer, to make sure what we do offer has the widest possible legal distribution.
2156:. Fair use rationales are not required for such pages. Article images may appear in article preview popups.
1809:
1436:
978:
158:
2490:
2435:
229:
215:
2611:
1303:
to be shown at 250 Ă— 400 pixels. To scale an image down to a specific number of pixels, use this formula:
659:
Multiple items of non-free content are not used if one item can convey equivalent significant information.
1422:
1179:
used; for identification of specific coins and currency, images of the front and back are normally used.
528:
2697:
2225:
for every use of copyrighted content in every article, justifying why use in that article is permitted.
432:
2123:
2066:
1999:
1843:
1772:
1581:
1540:
1453:
1263:
1131:
1030:
782:
594:
91:
78:
35:
2586:
1071:
489:
image for a particular subject is not possible), but only within the United States legal doctrine of
2177:
2091:
1828:
A short video excerpt from a contemporary film, without sourced commentary in the accompanying text.
1172:
836:
Non-free media which fail NFCC 1 (no free equivalent) may be deleted after being tagged as such for
755:
A copyright tag that indicates which Knowledge (XXG) policy provision is claimed to permit the use.
1942:
465:
1425:, such as deferring to default thumbnail size to allow the end-user control of the image display.
204:
indicating why its usage would be considered fair use within Knowledge (XXG) policy and U.S. law.
1645:
1536:
990:
863:
is the central venue to discuss whether a particular image meets the non-free content criteria,
732:
2288:
2141:
872:
868:
829:
Media from a commercial source which are not the subject of sourced commentary may be deleted
689:
Non-free content meets Knowledge (XXG)'s media-specific policy. For example, images must meet
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1604:
1552:
1511:
986:
953:
867:. For example, a discussion might be held about whether it is appropriate to use an image in
616:
485:
201:
31:
2574:
2261:
2250:
1913:
1812:) may be reproduced in their entirety as long as proper citations and sourcing are included.
1736:
1714:
1612:
2338:
2189:
2170:
2046:
1686:
For critical commentary, including images illustrative of a particular technique or school.
1168:
45:
30:"WP:FU", "WP:FUI", "WP:NOTFREE", and "WP:FUP" redirect here. For WikiProject Fair use, see
2396:
1084:
1067:
674:
1527:
823:
816:
805:
1055:"Can this non-free content be replaced by a free version that has the same effect?" and
843:
Other media with invalid fair-use claims may be deleted after being tagged as such for
626:
17:
1221:
Identifying the album, artist, track number, and approximate time stamp of the sample.
2707:
2330:
2269:
2246:
683:
Non-free content meets general Knowledge (XXG) content standards and is encyclopedic.
985:, but editors are cautioned that these are generally tenuous in terms of supporting
2342:
2292:
2185:
1934:
1917:
1740:
1718:
1616:
1600:
1048:
568:
2106:
code should be used to disable the display of the content while still listing it.
770:. The rationale is presented in clear, plain language and is relevant to each use.
571:
for unlimited distribution, modification and application by all users in all media
1808:, are appropriate to include. Lists that have acceptable free licensing (as with
2257:
1926:
1603:
images are not suitable for Knowledge (XXG). All non-free images must meet each
1415:
164:. Sections of this page that are not marked as such are not considered policies.
2606:
To find out how to search for copyright registrations and renewals, see, e.g.,
1958:
Board or card game artwork and photos where the game itself is shown more than
1920:), unless the photo itself is the subject of sourced commentary in the article.
1760:"WP:TOP100" redirects here. For categories for members of published lists, see
2277:
1960:
1952:
A chart or graph. These can almost always be recreated from the original data.
2668:
2607:
1009:
Both the license and the rationale need to be included on the non-free media
822:
A file in use in an article that does not meet F5 or F6 may be deleted under
2619:
2374:
Possibly inappropriate uses of non-free content can be either tagged with {{
2334:
2197:
2149:
1523:
1300:
457:
2686:
1611:, notably #8, which forbids the use of press agency or photo agency (e.g.,
1378:
explains the need for such a level of detail. You also may wish to add the
2355:
2284:
2245:, creative works published in the United States prior to 1929 are in the
575:
490:
187:
150:
This page contains one or more sections that are English Knowledge (XXG)
2680:
619:), and specifically indicated as direct quotations via quotation marks,
2659:, another useful tool for determining the original author of the image.
2260:
in the United States before 1929, work published before 1978 without a
1896:
A rose, cropped from a record album, to illustrate an article on roses.
2042:
non-free use rationale must be supplied for the image for the new use.
1203:
Identifying the published work, page numbers, and the copyright owner.
2460:– essay regarding the removal of images from user and template spaces
2110:
contributing non-free item should have its source described (such as
891:
At the time of the Resolution's issuance on March 23, 2007, the page
2341:
for discussion of works that are not covered by copyright. Also see
2318:(CC BY-SA) or a CC BY-SA-compatible license (dual-licensing under a
735:, not inlined, from talk pages when they are a topic of discussion.)
550:
Wikimedia Foundation Licensing policy resolution of March 23, 2007
1619:) images when the image itself is not the subject of commentary.
969:
Several other boilerplate rationale templates exist, such as for
2674:
2635:
2506:
Meta:Wikilegal/Primer on U.S. Fair Use/Copyright Law for Website
2476:
Knowledge (XXG):Arguments to avoid in image deletion discussions
2466:– Knowledge (XXG) Signpost article surveying non-free use policy
2446:
Knowledge (XXG):Deletion of all fair use images of living people
2319:
727:. (To prevent an image category from displaying thumbnails, add
2669:
Coverage of U.S. copyright term durations and the public domain
2454:– how to ask a rights holder for free use of existing materials
2366:
other copyright concerns that are addressed in other policies.
1713:. However, if the image is from a press or photo agency (e.g.,
2698:
Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for Online Video background
2464:
Knowledge (XXG):Knowledge (XXG) Signpost/2008-09-22/Dispatches
1735:
Note that if the image is from a press or photo agency (e.g.,
1499:
Knowledge (XXG):Knowledge (XXG) Signpost/2008-09-22/Dispatches
1159:
where only by including such non-free content, can the reader
542:; this is the part of the current page that is official policy
508:
169:
139:
53:
2700:
by the American University Center for Media and Social Impact
2694:
by the American University Center for Media and Social Impact
2656:
2146:
Category:Knowledge (XXG) non-free content criteria exemptions
1501:, a guide to evaluating the acceptability of non-free images.
2653:, a useful tool to discover other online copies of an image.
2316:
Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License
1664:
Posters, programs, billboards, ads. For critical commentary.
942:
You can find a list of these copyright license templates at
567:
To support Knowledge (XXG)'s mission to produce perpetually
2422:– essay explaining the rationale behind the fair use policy
1075:
non-free licenses for both the photograph and work of art.
741:
The image or media description page contains the following:
2650:
2295:
exists in some other countries, where standards may vary.
1925:
A Barry Bonds baseball card, to illustrate the article on
1893:
An album cover as part of a discography, as per the above.
448:. Any content not satisfying these criteria is said to be
190:
in United States copyright law and also complies with the
2589:
Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States
2102:
In categories that include non-free content, MediaWiki's
494:
77:
may apply. Substantive edits to this page should reflect
1929:. The use may be appropriate to illustrate a passage on
1626:
Cover art from various items, for visual identification
871:
even if it unquestionably meets the criteria for use in
38:. For why Knowledge (XXG) is not a forum for free speech
34:. For Motto of the day's frequently used idea area, see
2501:
Knowledge (XXG):Plain and simple non-free content guide
2256:
Certain works have no copyright at all. Most material
2131:
2081:
2074:
2007:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1780:
1589:
1539:
for use and formatting issues in using quotations, and
1461:
1278:
1271:
1139:
1092:
1038:
865:
regardless of whether the file should be deleted or not
815:
may be deleted after being tagged for seven days under
790:
602:
127:
120:
113:
106:
99:
1964:; such images can nearly always be replaced by a free
1790:
Unattributed pieces of text from a copyrighted source.
1397:
source of the image and what modifications were made.
1327:
2472:– survey of the development of the present NFC policy
2264:, with an expired copyright term, or produced by the
1312:
759:
Knowledge (XXG):Image copyright tags/Non-free content
523:, a widely accepted standard that all editors should
2470:
Knowledge (XXG):History of non-free content policies
2692:
Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for Online Video
1912:A photo from a press agency or photo agency (e.g.,
1762:
Knowledge (XXG):Overcategorization § Published list
1690:
Images with iconic status or historical importance:
154:. These sections are each individually marked with
2347:Knowledge (XXG):Image copyright tags/Free licenses
2324:Knowledge (XXG):Boilerplate request for permission
2169:"Free" content is defined as that which meets the
1514:and provide rationales and licensing information.
1357:
715:Non-free content is allowed only in articles (not
519:This section documents an English Knowledge (XXG)
183:Non-free content can be used in articles only if:
2608:How to Investigate the Copyright Status of a Work
1163:, that is a subject of discussion in the article.
1047:Non-free content cannot be used in cases where a
1727:Images that are themselves subject of commentary
768:Knowledge (XXG):Non-free use rationale guideline
2508:– prepared by Wikimedia Foundation's Legal team
2452:Knowledge (XXG):Example requests for permission
2362:of relevant cases, on the subject of fair use.
1551:All non-free audio files must meet each of the
903:serves as the exemption doctrine policy, while
65:This page documents an English Knowledge (XXG)
2370:Handling inappropriate use of non-free content
2687:U.S. Copyright Office index of fair use cases
2339:Cornell University's guide to copyright terms
1654:For identification of the stamp or currency,
1070:. For example, a photograph of a copyrighted
411:
8:
2634:Non-US copyrights apply in the US under the
2481:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Comics/copyright
1766:Knowledge (XXG):Popular pages § Top-100 list
944:Knowledge (XXG):File copyright tags/Non-free
749:Knowledge (XXG):Citing sources § Multimedia
73:Editors should generally follow it, though
2458:Knowledge (XXG):Removal of fair use images
2280:for how much reformulation is necessary).
1414:to be reduced by volunteers or a bot like
527:follow. Changes made to it should reflect
418:
404:
211:
2441:Knowledge (XXG):Media copyright questions
2090:The use of non-free images arranged in a
2059:Non-free image use in galleries or tables
1543:for style guidelines related to quoting.
1477:Knowledge (XXG):Media copyright questions
1338:
1330:
1325:
1313:
1311:
1109:must not be included in Knowledge (XXG).
983:Category:Non-free use rationale templates
540:Knowledge (XXG):Non-free content criteria
1684:Paintings and other works of visual art:
1154:itself the subject of sourced commentary
757:For a list of image copyright tags, see
464:uses the definition of "free" described
2517:
2378:}}, if deletion is uncontroversial per
1485:Knowledge (XXG) talk:Copyright problems
1470:Non-free content that meets all of the
884:
452:. This includes all content (including
363:
337:
296:
265:
221:
214:
2420:Knowledge (XXG):Basic copyright issues
2409:Foundation:Resolution:Licensing policy
1793:Excessively long copyrighted excerpts.
1161:identify an object, style, or behavior
2612:Stanford's Copyright Renewal Database
1764:. For top 100 most viewed pages, see
1489:Knowledge (XXG) talk:Non-free content
966:, may be used for any non-free media.
646:Respect for commercial opportunities.
27:Guideline page about non-free content
7:
2683:by the University of Texas at Austin
2486:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Fair use
2384:Knowledge (XXG):Files for discussion
2160:Explanation of policy and guidelines
1678:Knowledge (XXG):Software screenshots
1002:use of the image on Knowledge (XXG).
677:created by a Knowledge (XXG) editor.
356:Contributor copyright investigations
330:Guidance for text copyright problems
2491:Knowledge (XXG):Quotations#Fair use
2300:Knowledge (XXG):Non-U.S. copyrights
2171:"Definition of Free Cultural Works"
1994:Non-free image use in list articles
1674:Screenshots from software products:
1410:template, which will place it in a
998:a non-free rationale is needed for
635:of the following criteria are met.
620:
2714:Knowledge (XXG) content guidelines
2431:Knowledge (XXG):Copyright problems
2397:can be read at Wikimedia Meta-Wiki
1802:Knowledge (XXG):Copyright in lists
1707:respect for commercial opportunity
1479:. It may also be useful to ask at
430:Knowledge (XXG)'s goal is to be a
81:. When in doubt, discuss first on
25:
2380:Knowledge (XXG):Proposed deletion
996:It is important to remember that
2622:The Catalog of Copyright Entries
2496:Knowledge (XXG):Veganism parable
2291:rights. A comparable concept of
691:Knowledge (XXG):Image use policy
556:for the English Knowledge (XXG).
512:
173:
143:
57:
2546:The NFCI#2 allowance for logos
2382:, or reported and discussed at
2360:the Stanford University summary
2322:license is also possible). See
2148:. Due to software limitations,
2112:File:Versions of the Doctor.jpg
1481:Knowledge (XXG) talk:Copyrights
320:Requesting copyright permission
315:Copying text from other sources
240:Reusing Knowledge (XXG) content
44:. For the file use policy, see
2190:deleting non-compliant content
1806:List of highest-grossing films
552:, this document serves as the
279:Copying within Knowledge (XXG)
186:Its usage would be considered
1:
2675:Coverage of U.S. fair use law
2665:by Media Education Foundation
2426:Knowledge (XXG):Copyright FAQ
2358:for further information, and
1699:the non-free content criteria
1676:For critical commentary. See
1608:
1566:Knowledge (XXG):Music samples
1557:Knowledge (XXG):Music samples
1423:Manual of Style for image use
1292:, but are inconclusive here.
310:Donating copyrighted material
2345:regarding free licenses and
1658:the subjects depicted on it.
936:A copyright license template
907:serves as guidance for this.
901:WP:Non-free content criteria
824:speedy deletion criterion F7
817:speedy deletion criterion F6
806:speedy deletion criterion F5
701:used in at least one article
495:purposely stricter standards
2243:United States copyright law
1662:Other promotional material:
1206:Screenshots and video clips
897:discussed the following May
580:United States copyright law
2735:
2436:Knowledge (XXG):Copyrights
2326:for a sample form letter.
2306:Applied to Knowledge (XXG)
2121:
2064:
1997:
1841:
1770:
1759:
1609:unacceptable use of images
1605:non-free content criterion
1579:
1451:
1261:
1129:
1028:
811:A non-free file lacking a
780:
592:
505:Non-free content criteria
305:Frequently asked questions
235:Copyright violation policy
89:
83:this guideline's talk page
29:
1642:Team and corporate logos:
1553:non-free content criteria
1512:Non-free content criteria
713:Restrictions on location.
675:derivative of such a work
612:
554:Exemption Doctrine Policy
486:non-free content criteria
478:exemption doctrine policy
382:Media copyright questions
216:Knowledge (XXG) copyright
192:Non-free content criteria
2719:Knowledge (XXG) policies
2390:Other Wikimedia projects
2223:non-free media rationale
2026:, and not the number of
1644:For identification. See
1634:(not for identification
1389:nonetheless be reduced.
1212:Images from the Internet
707:Contextual significance.
657:Minimal number of items.
497:than those laid down in
181:This page in a nutshell:
2681:Guidance about fair use
2587:, Hirtle, Peter (2007)
2414:Requesting a free photo
2376:subst:proposed deletion
2266:U.S. federal government
1810:AFI 100 Years... series
1711:contextual significance
1374:to compute it for you.
1122:contextual significance
981:. More can be found at
739:Image description page.
18:Knowledge (XXG):NONFREE
2677:by Stanford University
2571:May 19, 2005 statement
1628:only in the context of
1359:
1053:
961:Non-free use rationale
956:. A generic template,
813:non-free use rationale
742:
687:Media-specific policy.
654:
392:Declaration of consent
2671:by Cornell University
1646:Knowledge (XXG):Logos
1638:critical commentary).
1360:
1079:Multiple restrictions
671:Previous publication.
663:Minimal extent of use
284:Public domain content
2182:Wikimedia Foundation
1703:no free alternatives
1652:Stamps and currency:
1630:critical commentary
1437:DennĹŤ Senshi Porygon
1412:maintenance category
1310:
1297:about 100,000 pixels
1248:split across several
1102:previous publication
949:A non-free rationale
861:Files for discussion
717:disambiguation pages
699:Non-free content is
697:One-article minimum.
462:Wikimedia Foundation
377:Copyright assistance
351:Files for discussion
2620:Iinformation about
1943:freedom of panorama
1290:discussed the issue
905:WP:Non-free content
893:WP:Non-free content
719:), and only in the
640:No free equivalent.
621:<blockquote: -->
387:File copyright tags
2663:A Fair(y) Use Tale
2657:searchbyimages.com
1668:Video screenshots:
1448:Guideline examples
1383:non-free no reduce
1355:
1348:
1332:target pixel count
1156:in the article, or
1152:where the item is
1023:no free equivalent
866:
846:
839:
832:
731:to it; images are
617:citation guideline
499:U.S. copyright law
346:Copyright problems
325:Close paraphrasing
2616:Project Gutenberg
2595:total US material
2448:(historical page)
1349:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1333:
1316:
864:
844:
837:
830:
721:article namespace
538:Transcluded from
535:
534:
428:
427:
289:Non-US copyrights
210:
209:
168:
167:
138:
137:
67:content guideline
16:(Redirected from
2726:
2639:
2632:
2626:
2604:
2598:
2583:
2577:
2568:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2551:historical logo.
2544:
2538:
2522:
2262:copyright notice
2251:derivative works
2134:
2105:
2084:
2077:
2010:
1989:
1988:
1975:
1974:
1922:
1921:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1783:
1748:Unacceptable use
1592:
1534:
1464:
1409:
1403:
1387:
1381:
1373:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1317:
1314:
1281:
1274:
1258:Image resolution
1190:description page
1142:
1068:derivative works
1041:
1011:description page
965:
959:
930:description page
917:
914:
908:
889:
793:
730:
630:
622:
605:
516:
515:
509:
473:licensing policy
456:) that is fully
420:
413:
406:
274:Non-free content
230:Copyright policy
212:
177:
176:
170:
163:
157:
147:
146:
140:
130:
123:
116:
109:
102:
61:
60:
54:
42:WP:NOTFREESPEECH
21:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2704:
2703:
2647:
2642:
2633:
2629:
2605:
2601:
2584:
2580:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2541:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2405:
2392:
2372:
2308:
2239:
2234:
2167:
2162:
2138:
2137:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2103:
2088:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2069:
2061:
2014:
2013:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1986:
1985:
1972:
1971:
1931:the card itself
1911:
1910:
1872:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1846:
1838:
1819:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1758:
1750:
1701:, particularly
1596:
1595:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1549:
1532:
1528:inline citation
1520:
1508:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1431:
1407:
1405:Non-free reduce
1401:
1385:
1379:
1369:
1345:original height
1329:
1321:
1308:
1307:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1237:
1235:Number of items
1232:
1185:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1106:
1081:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1033:
1027:
963:
957:
926:
921:
920:
915:
911:
890:
886:
881:
855:burden of proof
797:
796:
789:
785:
779:
728:
624:
609:
608:
601:
597:
591:
564:
513:
507:
424:
259:
200:It has a valid
174:
161:
155:
144:
134:
133:
126:
119:
112:
105:
98:
94:
86:
58:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2732:
2730:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2646:
2645:External links
2643:
2641:
2640:
2627:
2599:
2578:
2563:
2553:
2539:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2404:
2401:
2391:
2388:
2371:
2368:
2307:
2304:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2232:Legal position
2230:
2178:stated mission
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2136:
2135:
2127:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2012:
2011:
2003:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1938:
1923:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1883:
1870:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1776:
1771:
1757:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1695:
1687:
1681:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1649:
1639:
1594:
1593:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1548:
1545:
1519:
1516:
1507:
1506:Acceptable use
1504:
1503:
1502:
1466:
1465:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1430:
1427:
1366:
1365:
1353:
1340:original width
1337:
1324:
1320:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1200:Scanned images
1184:
1181:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1144:
1143:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1118:
1105:
1098:
1080:
1077:
1072:3D work of art
1060:
1059:
1056:
1043:
1042:
1034:
1029:
1026:
1019:
1007:
1006:
994:
967:
950:
947:
940:
937:
925:
924:Implementation
922:
919:
918:
909:
883:
882:
880:
877:
851:
850:
849:
848:
841:
834:
820:
809:
802:
795:
794:
786:
781:
778:
775:
774:
773:
772:
771:
763:
753:
736:
710:
704:
694:
684:
678:
668:
667:
666:
660:
652:Minimal usage:
649:
643:
607:
606:
598:
593:
590:
587:
586:
585:
582:
578:provisions in
572:
563:
560:
559:
558:
533:
532:
517:
506:
503:
426:
425:
423:
422:
415:
408:
400:
397:
396:
395:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
366:
365:
361:
360:
359:
358:
353:
348:
340:
339:
335:
334:
333:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
299:
298:
294:
293:
292:
291:
286:
281:
276:
268:
267:
263:
262:
261:
260:
258:
257:
251:
245:
244:License text (
242:
237:
232:
224:
223:
219:
218:
208:
207:
206:
205:
198:
195:
178:
166:
165:
159:policy section
148:
136:
135:
132:
131:
124:
117:
110:
103:
95:
90:
87:
72:
71:
62:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2731:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2564:
2557:
2554:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2518:
2512:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2331:public domain
2327:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2279:
2273:
2271:
2270:public domain
2267:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2247:public domain
2244:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2211:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2172:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2142:special pages
2133:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2107:
2104:__NOGALLERY__
2100:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1993:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1767:
1763:
1755:
1753:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1375:
1372:
1351:
1335:
1322:
1318:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1234:
1229:
1228:minimal usage
1225:
1220:
1218:Music samples
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1191:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1003:
1001:
995:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
962:
955:
951:
948:
945:
941:
938:
935:
934:
933:
931:
923:
913:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
888:
885:
878:
876:
874:
870:
862:
858:
856:
842:
835:
828:
827:
825:
821:
818:
814:
810:
807:
803:
799:
798:
792:
788:
787:
784:
776:
769:
764:
761:
760:
754:
751:
750:
743:
740:
737:
734:
729:__NOGALLERY__
726:
723:, subject to
722:
718:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
698:
695:
692:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
672:
669:
664:
661:
658:
655:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
637:
636:
634:
628:
618:
614:
613:the guideline
604:
600:
599:
596:
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
570:
566:
565:
561:
557:
555:
551:
546:
545:
544:
543:
541:
530:
526:
522:
518:
511:
510:
504:
502:
500:
496:
492:
487:
482:
479:
474:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
434:
421:
416:
414:
409:
407:
402:
401:
399:
398:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
369:
368:
367:
362:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
343:
342:
341:
336:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
302:
301:
300:
295:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
271:
270:
269:
264:
255:
252:
250:
247:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
227:
226:
225:
220:
217:
213:
203:
199:
196:
193:
189:
185:
184:
182:
179:
172:
171:
160:
153:
149:
142:
141:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
96:
93:
88:
84:
80:
76:
70:
68:
63:
56:
55:
52:
49:
47:
43:
37:
33:
19:
2630:
2621:
2602:
2594:
2588:
2581:
2566:
2556:
2547:
2542:
2535:RfC Dec 2012
2531:RfC Sep 2012
2527:RfC Jan 2011
2520:
2393:
2373:
2364:
2352:
2343:free license
2328:
2312:
2309:
2297:
2293:fair dealing
2282:
2274:
2255:
2240:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2194:
2186:free license
2175:
2168:
2139:
2108:
2101:
2089:
2062:
2027:
2023:
2015:
1965:
1959:
1941:there is no
1935:Billy Ripken
1930:
1918:Getty Images
1885:
1879:
1839:
1831:
1751:
1741:Getty Images
1732:
1726:
1719:Getty Images
1689:
1683:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1635:
1632:of that item
1631:
1627:
1623:
1617:Getty Images
1601:free content
1597:
1550:
1521:
1509:
1495:
1471:
1469:
1442:
1435:
1432:
1420:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1376:
1367:
1296:
1294:
1286:
1279:WP:IMAGESRES
1252:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1227:
1226:Meeting the
1194:
1186:
1177:
1166:
1160:
1153:
1147:
1127:
1121:
1120:Meeting the
1114:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1100:Meeting the
1093:seeklogo.com
1085:vector image
1082:
1065:
1061:
1049:free content
1046:
1022:
1021:Meeting the
1015:
1008:
999:
997:
975:film posters
927:
912:
904:
892:
887:
859:
852:
826:as follows:
756:
746:
738:
712:
706:
696:
686:
680:
670:
662:
656:
651:
645:
639:
632:
610:
569:free content
553:
547:
537:
536:
483:
477:
470:
449:
446:commercially
445:
441:
437:
433:free content
431:
429:
372:General help
273:
249:CC BY-SA 4.0
180:
64:
51:
39:
2575:Jimbo Wales
2289:free speech
1927:Barry Bonds
1881:acceptable.
1859:WP:NFC#UULP
1547:Audio clips
1541:WP:MOSQUOTE
1429:Video clips
1272:WP:IMAGERES
831:immediately
777:Enforcement
548:As per the
458:copyrighted
438:any purpose
36:WP:MOTD/FUI
2708:Categories
2651:TinEye.com
2591:footnote 7
2513:References
2278:plagiarism
2237:In general
2165:Background
2118:Exemptions
2082:WP:NFTABLE
2054:consensus.
2038:discussed.
2008:WP:NFLISTS
1966:de minimis
1961:de minimis
1949:certainty.
1933:; see the
1887:locations.
1852:WP:NFC#UUI
1817:Multimedia
1624:Cover art:
1524:quotations
1169:due weight
899:, and now
847:under F7d.
845:seven days
840:under F7c.
833:under F7b.
725:exemptions
442:any medium
266:Guidelines
128:WP:FAIRUSE
121:WP:NONFREE
75:exceptions
2593:. Of the
2335:copyright
2258:published
2198:copyright
2150:TimedText
2132:WP:NFEXMP
2067:Shortcuts
2034:elements.
1844:Shortcuts
1781:WP:TOP100
1496:See also:
1462:WP:NFCCEG
1371:this tool
1315:new width
1301:cover art
1264:Shortcuts
1230:criterion
1140:WP:NFC#CS
1124:criterion
1104:criterion
1025:criterion
987:WP:NFCC#8
879:Footnotes
562:Rationale
529:consensus
364:Resources
338:Processes
202:rationale
92:Shortcuts
79:consensus
2403:See also
2356:fair use
2350:at all.
2285:fair use
2210:does not
2124:Shortcut
2000:Shortcut
1979:article.
1937:article.
1904:article.
1900:article.
1866:WP:GETTY
1773:Shortcut
1582:Shortcut
1537:WP:QUOTE
1454:Shortcut
1183:Sourcing
1132:Shortcut
1039:WP:FREER
1031:Shortcut
991:WP:NFCCP
873:ARTICLE2
869:ARTICLE1
838:two days
791:WP:NFCCE
783:Shortcut
681:Content.
603:WP:NFCCP
595:Shortcut
576:fair use
525:normally
491:fair use
450:non-free
188:fair use
152:policies
2180:of the
2096:tabular
2092:gallery
1636:without
1590:WP:NFCI
1368:or use
1173:balance
954:WP:NFCC
444:, even
114:WP:NFCP
32:WP:WPFU
2533:, and
2337:, and
2241:Under
2154:NFCC#9
2075:WP:NFG
2050:media.
2047:WP:BLP
2024:images
1836:Images
1709:, and
1576:Images
1522:Brief
1487:, and
1472:policy
1416:DatBot
1087:(i.e.
1083:For a
977:, and
971:albums
801:added.
733:linked
633:all 10
589:Policy
521:policy
454:images
297:Advice
222:Policy
107:WP:NFC
46:WP:IUP
40:, see
2028:files
1797:GFDL.
1533:(...)
1531:(e.g.
979:logos
747:See:
627:Quote
2636:URAA
2618:and
2548:only
2320:GFDL
2218:show
1756:Text
1518:Text
1171:and
1005:use.
1000:each
484:The
471:The
466:here
254:GFDL
100:WP:F
2573:by
2268:is
2094:or
1916:or
1739:or
1717:or
1656:not
1615:or
1089:SVG
440:in
2710::
2614:,
2610:,
2529:,
2399:.
2386:.
2333:,
2302:.
2200:.
2173:.
2030:.)
1914:AP
1737:AP
1715:AP
1705:,
1613:AP
1568:).
1483:,
1418:.
1408:}}
1402:{{
1386:}}
1380:{{
1336:Ă—
1250:.
1175:.
973:,
964:}}
958:{{
932::
875:.
857:.
629:}}
625:{{
623:,
501:.
468:.
162:}}
156:{{
2638:.
2625:.
2537:.
1768:.
1729:.
1680:.
1648:.
1352:⌋
1323:⌊
1319:=
993:.
946:.
819:.
808:.
762:.
752:.
703:.
693:.
531:.
419:e
412:t
405:v
256:)
194:;
85:.
69:.
48:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.