1035:
not give aid to the starving people of
Ethiopia but, rather, "let nature seek its own balance," and he argued against immigration because it put "more pressure on the resources" of the United States. (Edward Abbey agreed with this position on immigration.) And in a 1987 issue of Earth First! Journal, Christopher Manes, writing under the pseudonym Miss Ann Thropy, wrote that the AIDS epidemic might solve the problem of overpopulation.
405:. In order to have the greatest impact on migrating wildlife and threatened ecosystems, key areas of importance have been identified in the proposed corridor, known as the “Essential 16”. In 2015, the Eastern Wildway Network was formed in order to advance efforts in North America. Over 30 conservation leaders have partnered in order to aid the conservation efforts and introducing essential species back into the area, like
29:
1034:
But it was the outwardly xenophobic, racist, and homophobic comments by some members of Earth First! that led the "social ecologist" Murray
Bookchin to label the group's members as "social reactionaries." In 1986, Earth First! founder Dave Foreman said in an interview that the United States should
367:
In recent years, Wildlands
Network moved from a focus on continued creation of WNDs to guiding implementation of the recommendations in the six existing plans. The organization developed a network of public and private individuals, groups, and agencies working in the regions covered by the WNDs to
318:. Since its founding, Wildlands Network has worked to simplify conservation terms in order for the public to understand them and helped universalize the language for conservation planning. The Wildlands Network has helped inspire many other conservation organizations across the world.
133:
500:
Some of the science used for decision making within the
Wildlands Network has been questioned, and termed, "lofty scientific ideals" since it could take 100 years to realize an outcome.
352:
Over the period of 2000-2006, Wildlands
Network scientists and associated conservation organizations mapped six regional “Wildlands Network Designs” (WNDs) within those corridors in the
283:
resulted in the organization’s adoption of a primary mission focused on scientific and strategic support for creation of “networks of people protecting networks of connected wildlands.”
840:
326:
As a demonstration of where large landscape-scale habitat connectivity in North
America was most needed, Wildlands Network identified four “Continental Wildways” traversing the
1053:
364:) species in need of “room to roam.” The plans also described the various positive ecological impacts that these species had on other flora and fauna.
551:
360:. These conservation plans identified existing protected areas and proposed wildlife corridors that would connect them as pathways for wide-ranging (
587:
368:
accomplish this goal. Initiatives currently focus on connecting habitat in the
Western (Spine of Continent) and Eastern (Atlantic) Wildways.
314:
One early goal was the conservation of habitat and the creation and maintenance of migration corridors for wildlife, primarily focused on
1019:
469:
Boreal
Wildway also known as the Canadian Boreal Initiative, this proposal would encompass most of the 1.2 billion acre North American
421:
Western
Wildway, also known as the Spine of the Continent Initiative, this is a proposed 6,000 mile swath that will stretch from the
112:
526:
93:
65:
50:
43:
169:
17:
72:
79:
912:
275:
that was being recorded across North
America. Evidence that such extinctions were often exacerbated by a lack of
546:
61:
434:
39:
699:
413:. The partnership serves to open more opportunities for the Eastern Wildway campaign to reach its goals.
541:
516:
386:
531:
521:
485:
454:
216:
192:
664:. Denver: Southern Rockies Ecosystem Project/Wildlands Project; Jones, A., Catlin, J. et al (2004).
536:
504:
292:
151:
295:, a conservation biologist who wanted to merge science with action. In 1991, Soulé co-founded the
233:
674:
rom the Adirondacks to Acadia: A Wildlands Network Design for the Greater Northern Appalachians
503:
One of the co-founders of Wildlands Network, David Foreman, has a history of anti-immigration,
86:
975:
957:
489:
965:
949:
402:
361:
304:
179:
159:
864:
815:
723:
888:
271:(formerly known as “Wildlands Project") was created in 1991 to stem the tide of species
970:
937:
660:
Network Vision. Albuquerque: Wildlands Project; Miller, B., Foreman, D., et al (2003).
398:
353:
331:
280:
672:. Flagstaff: Grand Canyon Wildlands Council; Reining, C., Beazley, K., et al (2006). F
1047:
446:
338:
327:
315:
300:
155:
616:
450:
422:
390:
357:
771:
481:
382:
28:
394:
272:
961:
572:
Continental Conservation: Scientific foundations of regional reserve networks
979:
953:
747:
588:"From daydreaming to reality: Wildlands Network's vision comes to fruition"
488:
more efficiently than its temperate and tropical counterparts, such as the
132:
668:. Salt Lake City: Wild Utah Project; Burke, K., Crumbo, K., et al (2006).
458:
430:
410:
276:
1020:"Earth First? On "The Ecocentrists" and Pregnancy in the Anthropocene"
994:
942:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
687:
Trophic Cascades: Predators, Prey, and the Changing Dynamics of Nature
641:
Rewilding North America: A Vision for Conservation in the 21st Century
477:
426:
406:
346:
342:
335:
492:) and its large swaths of unaltered landscapes from coast to coast.
249:
473:
470:
841:"Can the World Really Set Aside Half of the Planet for Wildlife?"
480:. This area is of particular importance due to its function as a
261:
North American Wilderness Recovery Strategy, Wildlands Project
22:
791:
617:"Michael Soulé, father of conservation biology, dies at 84"
936:
Ruckstuhl, K.E; Johnson, E.A; Miyanishi, K (2008-07-12).
913:"International Boreal Conservation Campaign - Pew Trusts"
381:
The proposed corridor, Eastern Wildway would connect the
656:. Tucson: Wildlands Project; Foreman, D., et al (2003).
484:(with slower decomposition rates, the Boreal forest can
393:(including the Northern Appalachian Corridor), and the
748:"The Eastern Wildway Essential 16 | Wildlands Network"
700:"Northern Appalachians Corridor | Wildlands Network"
445:
The Pacific Wildway proposal runs the length of the
938:"Introduction. The boreal forest and global change"
255:
245:
223:
212:
202:
185:
175:
165:
147:
139:
341:region, and the “Spine of the Continent” between
307:. The name would later become simplified to the
654:Sky Islands Wildlands Network Conservation Plan
433:through Canada and the United States, to the
8:
461:, where it connects to the Western Wildway.
125:
297:North American Wilderness Recovery Strategy
397:. It is made up of public lands, such as
131:
124:
1054:Environmental organizations based in Utah
969:
662:Southern Rockies Wildlands Network Vision
552:Northern Rockies Ecosystem Protection Act
113:Learn how and when to remove this message
563:
865:"Pacific Wildway© | Wildlands Network"
816:"Western Wildway© | Wildlands Network"
724:"Eastern Wildway© | Wildlands Network"
685:Terborgh, J., & Estes, J. (2010).
570:Soulé, M., & Terborgh, J. (1999).
49:Please improve this article by adding
889:"Boreal Wildway© | Wildlands Network"
670:Grand Canyon Wildlands Network Vision
7:
610:
608:
582:
580:
666:Heart of the West Conservation Plan
311:, now known as Wildlands Network.
14:
250:http://www.wildlandsnetwork.org/
27:
303:, and wildlands philanthropist
219:, conservation biology research
676:. Richmond: Wildlands Project.
658:New Mexico Highlands Wildlands
299:with radical environmentalist
279:connectivity between existing
1:
170:Non-governmental organization
51:secondary or tertiary sources
18:Wildlife Conservation Network
993:Hanscom, Greg (1999-04-26).
1024:Los Angeles Review of Books
689:. Washington: Island Press.
652:Foreman, D., et al (2000).
643:. Washington: Island Press.
574:. Washington: Island Press.
1070:
995:"Visionaries or dreamers?"
15:
130:
893:www.wildlandsnetwork.org
869:www.wildlandsnetwork.org
820:www.wildlandsnetwork.org
752:www.wildlandsnetwork.org
728:www.wildlandsnetwork.org
704:www.wildlandsnetwork.org
547:Environmental protection
322:Priorities and campaigns
16:Not to be confused with
435:Sierra Madre Occidental
954:10.1098/rstb.2007.2196
356:West and the Northern
238:Fred Koontz, president
38:relies excessively on
542:Habitat fragmentation
517:Conservation movement
387:Great Smoky Mountains
639:Foreman, D. (2004).
532:Habitat conservation
522:Conservation biology
193:Salt Lake City, Utah
948:(1501): 2245–2249.
615:McNulty, Jennifer.
537:Habitat destruction
457:converges with the
127:
62:"Wildlands Network"
796:westernwildway.org
621:UC Santa Cruz News
234:executive director
917:www.pewtrusts.org
792:"Western Wildway"
772:"Eastern Wildway"
490:Amazon Rainforest
309:Wildlands Project
269:Wildlands Network
265:
264:
126:Wildlands Network
123:
122:
115:
97:
1061:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1005:
999:High County News
990:
984:
983:
973:
933:
927:
926:
924:
923:
909:
903:
902:
900:
899:
885:
879:
878:
876:
875:
861:
855:
854:
852:
851:
836:
830:
829:
827:
826:
812:
806:
805:
803:
802:
788:
782:
781:
779:
778:
768:
762:
761:
759:
758:
744:
738:
737:
735:
734:
720:
714:
713:
711:
710:
696:
690:
683:
677:
650:
644:
637:
631:
630:
628:
627:
612:
603:
602:
600:
599:
584:
575:
568:
486:sequester carbon
403:nature preserves
334:coastlines, the
305:Douglas Tompkins
293:Michael E. Soulé
180:Environmentalism
160:Douglas Tompkins
152:Michael E. Soulé
135:
128:
118:
111:
107:
104:
98:
96:
55:
31:
23:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1028:
1026:
1018:Feeley, Lynne.
1017:
1016:
1012:
1003:
1001:
992:
991:
987:
935:
934:
930:
921:
919:
911:
910:
906:
897:
895:
887:
886:
882:
873:
871:
863:
862:
858:
849:
847:
838:
837:
833:
824:
822:
814:
813:
809:
800:
798:
790:
789:
785:
776:
774:
770:
769:
765:
756:
754:
746:
745:
741:
732:
730:
722:
721:
717:
708:
706:
698:
697:
693:
684:
680:
651:
647:
638:
634:
625:
623:
614:
613:
606:
597:
595:
586:
585:
578:
569:
565:
560:
513:
498:
467:
443:
441:Pacific Wildway
419:
417:Western Wildway
379:
377:Eastern Wildway
374:
324:
289:
281:protected areas
258:
257:Formerly called
241:
226:
205:
198:
195:(international)
119:
108:
102:
99:
56:
54:
48:
44:primary sources
32:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1067:
1065:
1057:
1056:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1010:
985:
928:
904:
880:
856:
831:
807:
783:
763:
739:
715:
691:
678:
645:
632:
604:
592:Inside Ecology
576:
562:
561:
559:
556:
555:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
512:
509:
497:
494:
466:
465:Boreal Wildway
463:
442:
439:
418:
415:
399:national parks
378:
375:
373:
370:
354:Rocky Mountain
323:
320:
288:
285:
263:
262:
259:
256:
253:
252:
247:
243:
242:
240:
239:
236:
229:
227:
224:
221:
220:
214:
210:
209:
206:
203:
200:
199:
197:
196:
189:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
121:
120:
35:
33:
26:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1066:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1036:
1025:
1021:
1014:
1011:
1000:
996:
989:
986:
981:
977:
972:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
932:
929:
918:
914:
908:
905:
894:
890:
884:
881:
870:
866:
860:
857:
846:
842:
835:
832:
821:
817:
811:
808:
797:
793:
787:
784:
773:
767:
764:
753:
749:
743:
740:
729:
725:
719:
716:
705:
701:
695:
692:
688:
682:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
649:
646:
642:
636:
633:
622:
618:
611:
609:
605:
593:
589:
583:
581:
577:
573:
567:
564:
557:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
514:
510:
508:
506:
501:
495:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
472:
464:
462:
460:
456:
453:to where the
452:
448:
447:Pacific Coast
440:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
416:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
376:
371:
369:
365:
363:
359:
355:
350:
348:
344:
340:
339:Boreal Forest
337:
333:
329:
321:
319:
317:
316:North America
312:
310:
306:
302:
301:David Foreman
298:
294:
286:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
260:
254:
251:
248:
244:
237:
235:
232:Katie Davis,
231:
230:
228:
222:
218:
215:
211:
208:North America
207:
201:
194:
191:
190:
188:
184:
181:
178:
174:
171:
168:
164:
161:
157:
156:David Foreman
153:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
129:
117:
114:
106:
103:November 2020
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64: –
63:
59:
58:Find sources:
52:
46:
45:
41:
36:This article
34:
30:
25:
24:
19:
1033:
1027:. Retrieved
1023:
1013:
1002:. Retrieved
998:
988:
945:
941:
931:
920:. Retrieved
916:
907:
896:. Retrieved
892:
883:
872:. Retrieved
868:
859:
848:. Retrieved
844:
839:Hiss, Tony.
834:
823:. Retrieved
819:
810:
799:. Retrieved
795:
786:
775:. Retrieved
766:
755:. Retrieved
751:
742:
731:. Retrieved
727:
718:
707:. Retrieved
703:
694:
686:
681:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
648:
640:
635:
624:. Retrieved
620:
596:. Retrieved
594:. 2018-02-09
591:
571:
566:
507:statements.
502:
499:
468:
451:Baja, Mexico
444:
423:Brooks Range
420:
391:Appalachians
380:
366:
358:Appalachians
351:
325:
313:
308:
296:
290:
268:
266:
217:Conservation
204:Area served
109:
100:
90:
83:
76:
69:
57:
37:
845:Smithsonian
496:Controversy
482:carbon sink
455:Coast Range
437:in Mexico.
429:, down the
383:Adirondacks
273:extinctions
1029:2020-11-13
1004:2020-11-13
922:2016-02-05
898:2016-02-05
874:2016-02-05
850:2016-02-05
825:2016-02-05
801:2016-02-05
777:2017-11-20
757:2016-02-05
733:2016-02-05
709:2016-02-05
626:2020-11-13
598:2020-11-13
558:References
395:Everglades
225:Key people
73:newspapers
40:references
962:0962-8436
527:Rewilding
1048:Category
980:18006417
511:See also
505:Nativism
372:Projects
362:keystone
336:Canadian
332:Atlantic
186:Location
971:2387060
459:Rockies
431:Rockies
411:cougars
328:Pacific
287:History
277:habitat
246:Website
148:Founder
140:Founded
87:scholar
978:
968:
960:
478:Canada
427:Alaska
407:wolves
389:, the
385:, the
347:Mexico
343:Alaska
213:Method
89:
82:
75:
68:
60:
474:biome
471:Taiga
449:from
176:Focus
94:JSTOR
80:books
976:PMID
958:ISSN
409:and
401:and
345:and
330:and
291:Dr.
267:The
166:Type
143:1991
66:news
966:PMC
950:doi
946:363
476:in
425:in
42:to
1050::
1032:.
1022:.
997:.
974:.
964:.
956:.
944:.
940:.
915:.
891:.
867:.
843:.
818:.
794:.
750:.
726:.
702:.
619:.
607:^
590:.
579:^
349:.
158:,
154:,
53:.
1007:.
982:.
952::
925:.
901:.
877:.
853:.
828:.
804:.
780:.
760:.
736:.
712:.
629:.
601:.
116:)
110:(
105:)
101:(
91:·
84:·
77:·
70:·
47:.
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
